CN105993259A - Matrix material and restoration method for ecological restoration of gangue dump of mining area - Google Patents
Matrix material and restoration method for ecological restoration of gangue dump of mining area Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993259A CN105993259A CN201610315970.XA CN201610315970A CN105993259A CN 105993259 A CN105993259 A CN 105993259A CN 201610315970 A CN201610315970 A CN 201610315970A CN 105993259 A CN105993259 A CN 105993259A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a matrix material and restoration method for ecological restoration of a gangue dump of a mining area. The matrix material consists of two parts, i.e., a seed germination layer and a root inducing layer and is mainly prepared from loam, acidified coal gangue, inorganic nonmetallic minerals, plant fibers, a water retention agent, an agglomerating agent, a disinfectant, a compound fertilizer, a seed mixture and the like. The matrix material has the characteristics of water retention, fertilizer retention, good stability, erosion resistance, easiness in plant establishment and the like; and by using wastes such as the coal gangue as main matrix materials, the consumption of imported soil can be effectively lowered, the soil environment of abandoned mines is improved, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the ecological restoration cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Ecological Restoration Project, repair particularly to a kind of host material for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem and ecology
Multiple method.
Background technology
Along with coal mining construction, a large amount of exposed hillock side slopes are formed, and easily produce the geology such as landslide, avalanche, mud-rock flow
Disaster problem, is badly in need of ecological management.Hillock side slope top layer does not has the soil that plant normal growth is grown, and vegetation growth grows institute
Required moisture and nutrient can not normal supply, hillock slope ecological recovery it is critical only that creates edaphic condition on side slope surface,
It can be stablized and lasting provide nutrient and moisture guarantee for plant growing.
The hillock restoration of the ecosystem of existing mining area is mainly covering with new soil, and the soil horizon nutrient content formed is low, and preserve soil moisture poor performance,
Soil stability is poor, and plant is difficult to quick planting, easily callapsed landslide under condition of raining, and owing to being taken from local ploughing in a large number
The vegetable soil on ground, not only causes the destruction of limited soil resource, and considerably increases the cost of construction.
Gangue is the garbage in coal mining and washing process, and gangue is stored up for a long time, takies a large amount of soil, polluted water,
The gangue of bulk deposition has also occupied increasing arable land, constitutes ecological and the dual destruction of environment；On the other hand,
Gangue is again a kind of natural resources being available for development and utilization.Gangue (mine and select coal tailing) is containing more rich organic
Trace element in silicon, copper, zinc, ferrum, manganese etc. necessary to carbon (organic) and crop growth, can be used for improving Soil structure,
Strengthen the fertility of soil, make increasing crop yield, improve quality of agricultural product.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at providing a kind of host material for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem and the method for restoration of the ecosystem, this base
Material and method may utilize gangue the like waste Substitute For Partial soil as main matrix material, and the most only plant growing provides
Good matrix environment, and rainfall erosion and wind erosion can also be reduced, reduce the runoff loss of water and soil, and coal gangue hill can be reduced
The cost of restoration of the ecosystem.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution that the present invention provides is:
A kind of host material for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem that the present invention provides, is pressed by seed germination layer and root system inducing layer
Mass ratio 1: 2-6 forms；Seed germination layer mainly promotes seed quick-speed germination, meets the stable moisture of Seedling Stage and nutrition supply,
Take root offer stable space for seedling, ensure that plant seedlings endangers from soil pest and disease damage；Root system inducing layer mainly promotes plant roots
System quickly builds up, and meets plant late growing stage process moisture and nutrient demand, promotes root system of plant and domatic anchor connection,
Ensure that plant is in Rock Slope Stability planting.
The raw material of described seed germination layer is in parts by weight: loam 70-80, expanded vermiculite 10-15, Plant fiber 10-15,
Water-retaining agent 0.1-0.3, granule agent 0.1-0.2, disinfectant 0.01-0.03, compound fertilizer 0.5-0.8, seed mix 1-2；
The raw material of described root system inducing layer is in parts by weight: the gangue 30-50 after loam 20-40, acidifying, mineral mixing
Thing 5-15, expanded vermiculite 5-15, Plant fiber 10-15, water-retaining agent 0.1-0.3, granule agent 0.1-0.2, disinfectant 0.01-0.03,
Compound fertilizer 0.5-1.2,
Described loam is local ground surface soil, further preferably through air-drying, pulverizing, cross 5mm sieve, in soil, sand grain content exists
3-5%, water content are in the local ground surface soil of 12-16%.
The described gangue after acidifying, is to be obtained by method produced by below: by mass fraction by gangue 75～95, concavo-convex
Rod stone clay 5～20 and magnesium oxide 0.2～2 input blender in stir, being slow added into concentration is 1～10% dilute sulfuric acid, enters
Row acidification；By the mixture after acidification, be transported to roasting in swinging drying oven, at 235～360 DEG C roasting 2～
3 hours, roasting afterproduct water content≤3%, it is the gangue semi-finished product after acidifying；By mass fraction by semi-finished product 90～99,
Quick dissolved sodium silicate 0.2～3, polyvinyl alcohol 0.2～6, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.02～2 and sodium carbonate 0.5～2.5 input are ground
Pulverizing in grinding machine, fineness of the particles≤3 millimeter, the powder after pulverizing is the gangue after acidifying.Gangue after acidifying can
With improve coal gangue hill due to alkalescence too strong and be not suitable for the situation of revegetation, provide good matrix environment for plant growing.
Described mineral intermixture be mass ratio be apatite: orthoclase: Maifanitum=1.5-2:2-3:1 also crosses 5mm sieve
Mixture.Main Function is the structure of the matrix material mixture improving injection, is beneficial to the growth of plant, and is supplied to plant
Nutrient (phosphorus, potassium, trace element) needed for long term growth.
Described seed mix is the preparation of shrub: draft=20-30: 70-80 in mass ratio, the seed of native country vegetation and plant species
Mixture.
Described expanded vermiculite, for function packing material, unit weight about 0.2g/cm3, absorbing water about 3 times, Vermiculitum particle diameter is less than 1-3mm,
There is water retention property, buffer the volume variation that water-retaining agent causes, promote the performance of infiltrating of moisture.
Described Plant fiber, is with straw (one or more of the straw such as Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, Sorghum vulgare Pers., corn)
For raw material, it is ground into a length of 2-3cm, natural fermentation, process 20-50 days of becoming thoroughly decomposed.It acts primarily as improvement soil and supplies plant
Long-term nutrient demand needed for growth.
Described water-retaining agent can be that plant growing provides moisture, it is ensured that maintenance water and natural rainfall can be saved in rapidly root zone
In, root system of plant can be released to when plant needs moisture to supply, be mainly composed of polyacrylic acid potassium-polyacrylamide amine copolymer,
0.9% saline solution-absorbency multiplying power 50-100, particle diameter 0.2-0.5mm, more than 3 years service life.
Described granule agent is conducive to the formation of the crumb structure of host material, and main component is polyacrylamide, molecular weight 800w,
Particle diameter 0.2-0.5mm, anionic.
Described disinfectant is root zone mixture sterilization material, can stablize the microflora of root zone mixture, reduces disease
With go mouldy, main component is nitrolim, is the green soil disinfectant of a kind of combination of pesticide and fertilizer, has high-efficiency sustained-release nitrogenous fertilizer function,
Calcium ion, noresidue after decomposition can be provided in a large number.
Described compound fertilizer is mainly used to supply a great number of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) needed for plant growing, compound fertilizer various effectively
Element mass fraction is than for N:P:K=15:30:15.Various effective elements in chemical fertilizer are provided by following substances respectively:
Nitrogen is taken from carbamide or/and ammonium sulfate is or/and Diammonium phosphate (DAP), phosphorus are taken from calcium superphosphate or/and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is or/and biphosphate
Potassium, potassium are taken from potassium sulfate or/and potassium chloride is or/and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The method of a kind of mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem that the present invention provides, step is:
1) first the raw material of root system inducing layer is mixed by the quality proportioning of above-mentioned regulation, stir, sow grass seeds by duster with spray seeder
Exposed hillock side slope surface, thickness is 8～15cm；
2) after root system inducing layer has been sowed grass seeds by duster 18-22 hour, then the raw material of seed germination layer is joined by the quality of above-mentioned regulation
Than mixing, stirring, sow grass seeds by duster on root system inducing layer surface with spray seeder, thickness is 3～5cm；
3) regular moisture maintenance management 3-6 month is then carried out.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention is material based on gangue and other garbage, through suitable process and proportioning, is formulated as host material, energy
Reasonable physical structure needed for plant growing is enough provided, ensures nutrient and the moisture balance between supply and demand of plant long term growth, with plant altogether
Same-action, closes domatic, opposing rainfall erosion and wind erosion, improves hillock slope stability.Host material is worked as in order to substitute
In the hillock revegetation of front mining area, a large amount of present situations using soil moved in improve the original, reduce mining area vegetation Resuming agent, also can realize cash simultaneously
The recycling of tor garbage.The present invention is possible not only to solve mining area hillock revegetation soil problem, reduces Mine ecology weight
Build up this, also solve the problem of environmental pollution that hillock the like waste is caused, meet society ecological to improving mine hillock
The demand of environmental condition, has certain society, ecology and economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 host material of the present invention is used for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem schematic diagram, and in figure: 1-host material, 2-seed is sprouted
Send out layer, 3-root system inducing layer, 4-hillock side slope.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
(1) the raw-material preparation of substrate:
Loam: choose local ground surface soil, air-dries, pulverizes, crosses 5mm sieve, and in soil, sand grain content is 3%, and water content is 12%；
Mineral intermixture: apatite, orthoclase, Maifanitum is pulverized, and crosses 5mm sieve, and each constituent mass ratio is for apatite: just
Anhydrite: Maifanitum=2:3:1；
Expanded vermiculite: unit weight about 0.2g/cm3, absorbing water about 3 times, Vermiculitum particle diameter is less than 3mm；
Plant fiber is with Semen Maydis and wheat stalk as primary raw material, a length of 3cm after pulverizing, the ratio of Semen Maydis and wheat stalk
It is 2: 8, straw mixture is carried out natural fermentation, process 30 days of becoming thoroughly decomposed, is made into as Plant fiber's substrate；
Water-retaining agent: composition is polyacrylic acid potassium-polyacrylamide amine copolymer, 0.9% saline solution-absorbency multiplying power 50-100, particle diameter
0.3mm, more than 3 years service life；
Granule agent: polyacrylamide, molecular weight 800w, particle diameter 0.2mm, anionic；
Disinfectant: nitrolim；
Compound fertilizer: N:P:K=15:30:15.
Gangue after acidifying: gangue 85, attapulgite clay 13 and magnesium oxide 2 are inputted in blender by mass fraction
Stirring, being slow added into concentration is 6% dilute sulfuric acid, carries out acidification；By the mixture after acidification, it is transported to revolution
Roasting in formula drying oven, roasting 3 hours at 300 DEG C, roasting afterproduct water content≤3%, it is the gangue after acidifying half
Finished product；By mass fraction by semi-finished product 95, quick dissolved sodium silicate 1.5, polyvinyl alcohol 1.5, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.5 and carbon
Acid sodium 1.5 inputs pulverizing in grinder, fineness of the particles≤3 millimeter, and the powder after pulverizing is the gangue after acidifying.
(2) root system inducing layer is prepared and sows grass seeds by duster
Raw material is in parts by weight: the gangue 45 after loam 25, acidifying, mineral intermixture 7, expanded vermiculite 7, plant
Fiber 15, water-retaining agent 0.1, granule agent 0.1, disinfectant 0.01, compound fertilizer 0.79；
Mixing, stirs, spray seeder sows grass seeds by duster on bare rock surface, and thickness is 12cm.
(3) seed germination layer is prepared and sows grass seeds by duster
Raw material is in parts by weight: loam 70, expanded vermiculite 15, Plant fiber 13.2, water-retaining agent 0.1, granule agent 0.1,
Disinfectant 0.01, compound fertilizer 0.5, seed mix (Herba Caraganae intermediae: alfalfa=30%: 70%) 1.09；
Mixing, stirs, spray seeder sows grass seeds by duster on root system inducing layer surface, and thickness is 3cm, seed germination layer time and root
It is that inducing layer injecting time differs 18 hours.
(4) regular moisture maintenance management is then carried out 3 months.
After 6 months, defining good vegetation cover, vegetation coverage reaches more than 93%, vegetative coverage after implementing 3 years
Degree is stable more than 87%.
Embodiment 2:
(1) the raw-material preparation of substrate, with embodiment 1.
(2) raw material of root system inducing layer is in parts by weight: loam 30, acidifying after gangue 40, mineral intermixture 10,
Plant fiber 12, remaining is with embodiment 1；
Mixing, stirs, spray seeder sows grass seeds by duster on bare rock surface, and thickness is 10cm.
(3) raw material of seed germination layer is in parts by weight: loam 75, expanded vermiculite 10, remaining is with embodiment 1；
Mixing, stirs, spray seeder sows grass seeds by duster on root system inducing layer surface, and thickness is 3cm, seed germination layer time and root
It is that inducing layer injecting time differs 18 hours, finally carries out regular moisture maintenance management 3 months.
After 6 months, vegetation coverage reaches more than 93%, and after implementing 3 years, vegetation coverage is stable more than 85%.
Embodiment 3:
(1) the raw-material preparation of substrate: apatite: orthoclase: Maifanitum=1.5:2:1；Remaining is with embodiment 1.
(2) raw material of root system inducing layer is in parts by weight: the gangue 35 after loam 35, acidifying, other same embodiments
1。
Mixing, stirs, spray seeder sows grass seeds by duster on bare rock surface, and thickness is 12cm.
(3) raw material of seed germination layer is in parts by weight: loam 72, expanded vermiculite 13, other are with embodiment 1.
Mixing, stirs, spray seeder sows grass seeds by duster on root system inducing layer surface, and thickness is 2cm, seed germination layer time and root
It is that inducing layer injecting time differs 18 hours, finally carries out regular moisture maintenance management 3 months.
After 6 months, vegetation coverage reaches more than 92%, and after implementing 3 years, vegetation coverage is stable more than 86%.
Claims (4)
1. the host material for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that induced by seed germination layer and root system
Layer in mass ratio 1: 2-6 composition；The raw material of described seed germination layer is in parts by weight: loam 70-80, expanded vermiculite
10-15, Plant fiber 10-15, water-retaining agent 0.1-0.3, granule agent 0.1-0.2, disinfectant 0.01-0.03, compound fertilizer 0.5-0.8,
Seed mix 1-2；The raw material of described root system inducing layer is in parts by weight: gangue 30-50 after loam 20-40, acidifying,
Mineral intermixture 5-15, expanded vermiculite 5-15, Plant fiber 10-15, water-retaining agent 0.1-0.3, granule agent 0.1-0.2, disinfectant
0.01-0.03, compound fertilizer 0.5-1.2；
Described loam be through air-drying, pulverizing, cross 5mm sieve, in soil sand grain content in 3-5%, water content at 12-16%
Local ground surface soil；
Described seed mix is the preparation of shrub: draft=20-30: 70-80 in mass ratio, the seed of native country vegetation and plant species
Mixture；
The described gangue after acidifying, is to be obtained by method produced by below: by mass fraction by gangue 75～95, concavo-convex
Rod stone clay 5～20 and magnesium oxide 0.2～2 input blender in stir, being slow added into concentration is 1～10% dilute sulfuric acid, enters
Row acidification；By the mixture after acidification, be transported to roasting in swinging drying oven, at 235～360 DEG C roasting 2～
3 hours, roasting afterproduct water content≤3%, it is the gangue semi-finished product after acidifying；By mass fraction by semi-finished product 90～99,
Quick dissolved sodium silicate 0.2～3, polyvinyl alcohol 0.2～6, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.02～2 and sodium carbonate 0.5～2.5 input are ground
Pulverizing in grinding machine, fineness of the particles≤3 millimeter, the powder after pulverizing is the gangue after acidifying；
Described mineral intermixture be mass ratio be apatite: orthoclase: Maifanitum=1.5-2:2-3:1 also crosses 5mm sieve
Mixture；
Described Plant fiber, is with straw as raw material, is ground into 2-3cm, the Plant fiber that natural fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed.
2. the host material for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described guarantor
Water preparation is absorbency 50-100, the polyacrylic acid potassium of particle diameter 0.2-0.5mm-polyacrylamide amine copolymer.
3. the host material for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described group
Granule is molecular weight 800w, particle diameter 0.2-0.5mm, the polyacrylamide of anionic.
4. the method for a mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that step is:
1) first the raw material of root system inducing layer as claimed in claim 1 is mixed by quality proportioning, stir, with sowing grass seeds by duster
Machine is sowed grass seeds by duster on exposed hillock side slope surface, and thickness is 8～15cm；
2) after root system inducing layer has been sowed grass seeds by duster 18-22 hour, then the raw material by seed germination layer as claimed in claim 1
Mixing by quality proportioning, stir, sow grass seeds by duster on root system inducing layer surface with spray seeder, thickness is 3～5cm；
3) regular moisture maintenance management 3-6 month is then carried out.
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