CN109174953A - A kind of restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil - Google Patents
A kind of restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109174953A CN109174953A CN201810858471.4A CN201810858471A CN109174953A CN 109174953 A CN109174953 A CN 109174953A CN 201810858471 A CN201810858471 A CN 201810858471A CN 109174953 A CN109174953 A CN 109174953A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of restorative procedures of half substrate culture soil of half soil, it is included in cultivation bed lower part filling Nutrition Soil, filling matrix in top is uniformly added into disinfectant, blooming covering 7-10 days into cultivation bed, take off film open gas, germination test detection residual, be added soil reduction process agent and etc. repaired after half soil, half substrate culture soil.The method of the invention can effectively repair matrix, optimize matrix physicochemical character, balance the problems such as nutrient in matrix, solution secondary salinization and soil-borne pathogen largely accumulate.This method can be effectively reduced the disease incidence of soil-borne disease, and forward direction promotes plant strain growth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to remediation contaminated soils and environment remediation technical field, particularly belong to reparation field, relate generally to one
Kind matrix restorative procedure, the especially a kind of restorative procedure of half substrate culture soil of half soil.
Background technique
In recent years, with the raising of agricultural productive force, vegetables substrate culture technology is saved labor with it, water-saving saves fertilizer, excellent
Matter is efficiently, environmentally friendly of low pollution and the advantages that avoiding continuous cropping obstacle just gradually approved by numerous vegetable growers.Substrate culture technology is
Refer to and fix root system of plant with solid matrix (medium), and passes through a kind of planting type of matrix absorption nutrient solution and oxygen.Half matrix
Cultivation technique is Changping District, Beijing agricultural technology extension center in independent research in 2011, by scientific research and testing in 5 years and is shown
Model has successfully been applied for utility model patent, and has been promoted between farmer.The innovation of this technology be with half matrix,
Half soil incubation Strawberry Seedlings.Cultivation bed be it is trapezoidal, in filling soil, soil is filled into triangle, accounts for half of cultivation bed,
Then matrix is paved on soil.Agrotechnical expert introduction, this method improve traditionally cultivation mode.Due to traditionally
Plant maximum drawback be exactly be difficult to overcome soil continuous cropping obstacle, once this block soil is continuously planted 3 years or more, causing a disease in soil
Microorganism will increase, and strawberry is easy to produce pest and disease damage, and the soil salinization is serious, and may burn Strawberry Seedlings.And use half matrix
Cultivation technique, what it is because of upper layer paving is matrix, after annual plantation season, by the cleaning of matrix, disinfection etc., can effectively solve soil
Earth continuous cropping obstacle.Meanwhile using half substrate culture technology, root system gos deep into soil, and the gap between soil particle is smaller, so that cultivation
Temperature in slot is maintained, and can save the cost of a part purchase temperature control device.And since soil is different from matrix, soil
Temperature it is more constant, bottom puts soil, and matrix is covered on upper layer, therefore in extraneous temperature change, soil can play regulation make
With.Secondly because overlayer matrix is soft, seedling is easy to take root, and survival rate is also greatly improved.Therefore half soil, half substrate culture
Technology has broad application prospects.
Along with the popularization and utilization of half soil, half substrate culture technology, Changping District, Beijing has 15% area at present
Strawberry is planted using half substrate culture technology.Since half substrate culture technology can effectively improve strawberry production efficiency, half
The area of substrate culture technology plantation strawberry is gradually increasing.Due to the higher operating costs of matrix, so the repetition benefit of matrix
It is inevitable with becoming.Same matrix strawberry is continuously planted 2 years or more, and soil pest and disease damage can be serious year by year, especially powdery mildew, ash
The soil diseases such as mildew and the insect pests such as the Tetranychus cinnabarinus of most serious, aphid and nematode, Fusariumsp, phytophthora, cause strawberry long
Gesture dies down year by year, and strawberry death rate increases year by year, and strawberry fruit quality declines year by year, and yield reduces year by year.For above-mentioned
Problem, the application main purpose are to repair native half matrix of cultivation half, to reduce the generation of pest and disease damage, reduce strawberry
The death rate of plant, to improve annual output.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve continuously to plant strawberry 2 years or more using half soil, half matrix in the prior art, soil pest and disease damage can be by
Year is serious, and strawberry growing way dies down year by year, and strawberry death rate increases year by year, and strawberry fruit quality declines year by year, and yield is year by year
The problem of reduction, the present invention provides a kind of method repaired to native half matrix of cultivation half, can effectively repair matrix, excellent
Change matrix physicochemical character, balances the problems such as nutrient in matrix, solution secondary salinization and soil-borne pathogen largely accumulate.Simultaneously
This method can be effectively reduced the disease incidence of soil-borne disease, and forward direction promotes plant strain growth.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil, comprising the following steps:
(a), Nutrition Soil is inserted in cultivation bed lower part, matrix is loaded on top；
(b), be uniformly added into disinfectant into cultivation bed, sprinkling irrigation watering so that cultivation bed matrix settles completely at the middle and upper levels；
(c), blooming covers 7-10 days, takes off film and opens gas, germination test detection residual；
(d), without addition soil reduction process agent after disinfectant residual to get half soil, the half substrate culture soil after reparation.
The restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil described above, the wherein preferred Trapezoidal Cultivation slot of cultivation bed, and
Plastic foil is spread in cultivation groove groove wall, to obtain better heat insulation effect, reaches the stable target of temperature.
The restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil described above, it is hydroxyl that wherein disinfectant, which is mainly ingredient,
Organic high molecular compound；It is preferred that the antagonisms such as peat and organic matter and Trichoderma, bacillus subtilis, waxy Bacillus
Bacterium is 50-70gm- using concentration3。
The restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil described above, wherein blooming overwrite procedure, is not necessarily to temperature
Special controlling is carried out, the temperature high overlay film time can suitably shorten, and optimum condition is 25-35 DEG C of ambient temperature, the time 1-10 days.
The restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil described above, wherein soil reduction process agent main component is micro- life
Object composite bacteria agent；Complex microbial inoculum mainly contains Soluble phosphorus enzyme, potassium solubilizing bacteria, antibiotic bacteria, nitrifier, photosynthetic bacteria and huge gemma
One of bacillus, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus subtilis are a variety of.
Wherein, in the application using hydroxyl organic high molecular compound as disinfectant, compared with the existing technology in
For other disinfectants, with pure natural nuisanceless, easy to operate, effect on environment is small, will not cause to underground water etc.
Pollution, it is environmentally friendly, green, efficient, it not will cause orchard worker's poisoning, fruit and advantage the problems such as environmental pollution.
Wherein, in the application using bacteria agent as soil reduction process agent, compared with the existing technology in others soil also
For former agent, which forms complex microbial inoculum by three kinds or more a variety of compound bacterias, mutually promotes between each ingredient, phase
Mutually supplement, anti-soil-borne disease effect are far longer than single culture.Profitable strain mutually cooperates with, collective effect, crop can be made to reach
The effect of high yield high yield.The effect of beneficial bacterium specifically: 1, promotion fast-growth: bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped in flora
The beneficial microbes such as bacillus generate a large amount of plant endogenous enzyme in the metabolic process, can significantly improve crop to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
The absorptivity of equal nutrients.2, vital movement, increasing both production and income: bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, side spore gemma bar in flora are adjusted
The beneficial bacteriums such as bacterium, bacillus licheniformis can promote crop root growth, and fibrous root increases.The plant that beneficial microbe colony metabolism generates
Object endogenous enzymes and plant growth regulator enter in plant via root system, promote leaf photosynthesis, and it is past to adjust nutrient
Fruit flowing, swollen fruit effect of increasing production are obvious.Compared with applying chemical fertilizer, 15% -30% can be increased production in the case where equivalence investment.
3, fruit quality significantly improves: bacillus laterosporus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans in flora etc. can reduce plant
Internal 20% or more nitrate content, can reduce content of beary metal, Vc content in fruit can be made to improve 30% or more, soluble sugar
Improve 2-4 degree.Essential amino acid in fruit can be improved in lactic acid bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtilis etc.
The content of (lysine and methionine), vitamin B complex and unsaturated fatty acid etc..Fruit is in good taste, storage endurance, and selling price is high.4,
Decomposition of organic matter and toxin, prevent continuous cropping: rice aspergillus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis in flora etc. are beneficial to micro-
Biological energy source accelerates the decomposition of organic substance, manufactures available nutrient for crop, provides power, can decompose continuous cropping poisonous and harmful substance,
Prevent continuous cropping.5, rhizospheric environment protective barrier: numerous rapidly after the beneficial microbes such as bacillus licheniformis in flora are manured into soil
Growing becomes dominant microflora, controls rhizosphere nutrition and resource, makes continuous cropping, root-rot, stands the forfeiture existence of the pathogens such as withered, gummosis, grey mold
Space and condition.Make the cell wall thickening of root system of plant cell, fibrosis, lignifying, and generate the double silicon layers of cutin, is formed and prevented
The firm barrier of pathogen invasion.6, enhance resistance: bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, side spore gemma in flora
The beneficial microbes such as bacillus can enhance buffering power of soil, be retained moisturizing, enhance crop drought resistance, cold-resistant, waterlogging-resistant ability；Side simultaneously
Spore bacillus can also strengthen blade protection film, resist pathogen infection, disease-resistant, pest-resistant.
The beneficial effects are mainly reflected as follows the following aspects:
(1) compared with prior art, the restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil of the present invention, this method energy
Enough effective reparation matrix, optimizes matrix physicochemical character, balances nutrient in matrix, solves secondary salinization and soil-borne pathogen
The problems such as a large amount of accumulation.
(2) the method for the present invention can be effectively reduced the disease incidence of soil-borne disease, and forward direction promotes plant strain growth.
(3) the method for the present invention, which can adjust rhizosphere soil bacterium colony balance beneficial bacterium, can increase soil beneficial to group.Beneficial bacterium
Activity not only can produce organic matter abundant, can also improve soil physical property, increase soil aggregate structure, to make
Loosing soil reduces soil hardening, and root system development can be promoted by being conducive to retain water and nutrients ventilation, and suitable growth is provided for crops
Environment.
(4) problem that the method for the present invention avoids cost caused by the use of disposable matrix excessively high, recycles cultivation base
Matter reduces matrix use cost, simultaneously as directly being repaired in planting groove, avoids the time-consuming consumption of matrix recycling centralized processing
The problem of power.
(5) the entire repair process of the present invention is easy to operate, the recyclable use for reducing matrix of matrix after reparation
Cost.
(6) reasonable disinfectant and bacteria agent are selected, by screening suitable disinfectant and bacteria agent, is sterilized
The best beneficial microbe colony simultaneously of effect is most reasonable, acts on strongest complex microbial inoculum, and each ingredient plays phase each other
It is auxiliary coordinate, synergistic technical effect.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the content of the present invention will be explained in more detail.It should be appreciated that implementation of the invention is not limited to
In the following examples, the accommodation in any form and/or change made to the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, all parts, percentage are unit of weight, and all equipment and raw material etc. are equal
It is commercially available or the industry is common.Method in following embodiments is unless otherwise instructed the routine of this field
Method.
Embodiment 1
According to the restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil, plastic foil, slot a) are spread in Trapezoidal Cultivation groove groove wall
Load matrix in interior lower part filling Nutrition Soil top；B) disinfectant, 50-70gm are uniformly added into cultivation bed-3Sprinkling irrigation watering makes
Obtaining cultivation bed, matrix settles completely at the middle and upper levels；C) it covers overlay film 7-10 days, takes off film and open gas；D) germination test detection residual；E) nothing
Soil reduction process agent is added after residual, that is, the cultivating soil of native half matrix of half after the completion of being repaired.
The using effect of the restorative procedure of 1 half soil of experimental example, half substrate culture soil is evaluated
In order to effectively judge the repairing effect of half soil of the invention, half substrate culture soil remediation method, Beijing Jie Xinong
Industry science and technology limited Company has carried out the planting greenhouse tested to repair front and back substrate soil biography pathogenic microorganism (fusarium
Bacterium, phytophthora and nematode) separation detection, and investigation is tracked to strawberry growth period growing way index, so as to objectively and comprehensively
Assess influence of the different sterilization methods to strawberry production.
According to the restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil in embodiment 1, matrix is repaired.
The matrix 200g of blank area and treatment region is acquired before repairing and after repairing respectively, approved sample carries out Fusariumsp, phytophthora
Separation detection, soil sample is shown in Table 1 as the result is shown after reparation.
Influence of the restorative procedure of the present invention of table 1 to soil-borne disease pathogenic microorganism
Fusariumsp, phytophthora and the control efficiency of nematode result are found out from table 1, repaired through restorative procedure of the invention
After multiple, after processing in soil Fusariumsp, phytophthora and nematode compared with blank district, control efficiency is respectively 95.19%,
92.23% and 99.81%, effectively reduce the morbidity of these soil-borne diseases.
Blank area and treatment region strawberry are investigated, 3 points are investigated in every processing, and investigate 120 plants, are checked morbidity strain number, are asked at every
Average value.After strawberry transplants 50d, red heart root rot plant number is investigated, checks morbidity strain number, checks gray mold disease in December
Strain, checks powdery mildew diseased plant in 2 month of next year, calculates disease incidence, disease incidence (%)=(morbidity strain number/investigation total strain number) ×
100%.It acquires different disposal area strawberry sample data and investigates strawberry disease incidence, the results are shown in Table 2.
Influence of the restorative procedure of the present invention of table 2 to strawberry disease incidence
Find out from control efficiency result of the table 2 to the disease incidence of red heart root rot, gray mold and powdery mildew, blank area red heart
The disease incidence of root rot, gray mold and powdery mildew is successively 2.7%, 18.89%, 5.83%, and the disease incidence for the treatment of region is successively
0.19%, 2.17%., 0.56%.
50d or so, has counted the plant height and stem thickness of strawberry respectively after strawberry field planting initial stage field planting.Randomly select strawberry
120 plants of progress data determinations.
Influence of the restorative procedure of the present invention of table 3 to strawberry plant height and stem thickness
| Plant height (cm) | Effect (%) | Stem thickness (mm) | Effect (%) | |
| Blank area | 15.52 | - | 13.18 | - |
| Treatment region | 20.87 | 34.47 | 13.42 | 1.82 |
It can be seen that the high average out to 15.52cm of blank district stem from influence result of the table 3 to strawberry plant height and stem thickness,
Stem thickness average out to 13.18cm；Treatment region stem high average out to 20.87cm, stem thickness average out to 13.42cm.Relative to blank district,
The stem thickness for the treatment of region strawberry improves 1.82% compared with blank district, and plant height increases by 34.47% than blank control.
In strawberry first planting fruiting period, 40 plants of Strawberry Seedlings first planting numbers have been counted respectively, have been calculated the output value.40 plants of the blank area strawberry symptom of a trend
Stubble number 165.If by every canopy be colonized 4000 plants, strawberry single fruit weight is calculated according to 20g, strawberry unit price according to 30 yuan/jin city
If calculation of price, only on first planting fruit, the output value of strawberry canopy after treatment can reach 27840 yuan, and blank
The output value for handling strawberry canopy is then 20040 yuan, and the output value increases by 38.92%.
By being repaired to half soil, half matrix of cultivation using the restorative procedure in embodiment 1, to Fusariumsp,
The control efficiency of phytophthora and nematode, to the control efficiency of the disease incidence of red heart root rot, gray mold and powdery mildew, to strawberry strain
High and stem thickness influence and the influence result of first planting fruiting period Strawberry Seedlings first planting number and the output value is seen, the cultivation matrix after reparation is planted
After training strawberry, effectively inhibit the generation of pest and disease damage, and strawberry plant height and stem thickness and first planting fruit number have it is a degree of
Increase, improves the output value of strawberry.
Experimental example 2 different disinfectants, double of soil of soil reduction process agent, half substrate culture soil restorative procedure effect
It influences
In the course of the research, different disinfectants, different soil reduction process agent, double of half substrate culture soil of soil are selected
Restorative procedure effect influence, the application done following experiment, has carried out repairing front and back to the planting greenhouse tested
Substrate soil passes the separation detection of pathogenic microorganism (Fusariumsp, phytophthora and nematode), and carries out to strawberry growth period growing way index
Follow-up study, objectively and comprehensively to assess influence of the different sterilization methods to strawberry production.
According to the restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil in embodiment 1, matrix is repaired.
The matrix 200g of blank area and treatment region is acquired before repairing and after repairing respectively, approved sample carries out Fusariumsp, phytophthora
With the separation detection of nematode, soil sample is shown in Table 4 as the result is shown after reparation.The Disinfection Effect and blank pair of the application embodiment
Photograph is respectively relatively 99.81%, 95.19%, 92.23% to nematode, Fusariumsp, the control efficiency of phytophthora, shows the skill
Art compounding has very strong killing activity to soil-borne disease pathogenic microorganism after repairing to matrix, other alternatives selected in experiment
Case is respectively relatively 97.73%, 91.48%, 88.34% to nematode, Fusariumsp, the control efficiency of phytophthora compared with blank control
Or 93.57%, 86.94%, 89.66%, although also having preferable Disinfection Effect, sterilized compared with the application embodiment
Effect is decreased obviously.
Influence of the different restorative procedures of table 4 to soil-borne disease pathogenic microorganism
As seen from the results in Table 4, for different disinfectants, soil reduction process agent, double of half substrate culture soil of soil
Restorative procedure effect it is significantly different, by disinfectant, soil reduction process agent replace with equivalent, etc. proportions other types when, such as
The wormcast of fermentation and bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cercus, the chicken manure of bafillus natto or fermentation and bacillus,
After Bacillus cercus, Bacillus sphaericus, Disinfection Effect is compared with blank control relatively to nematode, Fusariumsp, phytophthora
Control efficiency is respectively 97.73%, 91.48%, 88.34% or 93.57%, 86.94%, 89.66%, shows that the technology is multiple
Pairing matrix has a very strong killing activity to soil-borne disease pathogenic microorganism after being repaired, but effect is not as it employed herein
Disinfectant and soil reduction process agent, Disinfection Effect is decreased obviously compared with the application embodiment.
By the reduction sterilization (sterilization method namely in this patent) to Jie Xinongke reduction method set meal and commonly use
Chemical fumigant chloropicrin, dazomet, metham-sodium, athomin, chlorine dioxide, the sterilization methods such as dimethyl disulfide are to substrate culture
The comparison of strawberry greenhouse progress soil disinfection processing.All sterilization methods can effectively prevent soil-borne disease and positive promotion grass
Certain kind of berries growth, wherein chloropicrin, dazomet, reduction disinfection technology control efficiency are best.Chloropicrin sterilization method imitates the promotion of stem thickness
Fruit is best, and reduction sterilization method is best to the facilitation effect of plant height, and it is best that athomin reduces death rate effect.Jie Xinongke reduction
The disinfection of method set meal organic matter particle matrix, can either effectively prevent the degree of soil-borne disease generation, while right during the growth process
Every growth of strawberry also has positive facilitation and can further ensure strawberry production safety.Therefore it is planted in strawberry matrix
Jie Xinongke reduction sterilization is recommended to use in training production.
In conclusion summarizing the restorative procedure effect of half soil, half substrate culture soil of the present invention:
1) restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil can prevent parasitosis evil especially to red heart root rot, gray mold
It is acted on controlling powdery mildew particularly evident；Fusariumsp, phytophthora and nematode can be effectively prevented.
2) restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil can promote the growth of strawberry, while improve the production of strawberry
Value.
3) reparation of double of soil of type, the half substrate culture soil of the disinfectant in the application and complex microbial inoculum
The influence of effect is also clearly.
Although inventor has done more detailed elaboration to technical solution of the present invention and has enumerated, it should be understood that right
For the those skilled in the art of this field one, modifications to the embodiments described above may be made or uses equivalent alternative solution, this
It is it is clear that these made without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention are modified or changed to those skilled in the art
Into falling within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of restorative procedure of half substrate culture soil of half soil, comprising the following steps:
(a), Nutrition Soil is inserted in cultivation bed lower part, matrix is loaded on top；
(b), be uniformly added into disinfectant into cultivation bed, sprinkling irrigation watering so that cultivation bed matrix settles completely at the middle and upper levels；
(c), blooming covers 7-10 days, takes off film and opens gas, germination test detection residual；
(d), without addition soil reduction process agent after disinfectant residual to get half soil, the half substrate culture soil after reparation.
2. the restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that cultivation bed is preferred
Trapezoidal Cultivation slot, and plastic foil is spread in cultivation groove groove wall, to obtain better heat insulation effect, reach the stable mesh of temperature
Mark.
3. the restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that disinfectant is main
Be ingredient it is organic high molecular compound, the use of concentration is 50-70gm-3。
4. the restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described organic high
Molecular compound is mainly the Antagonistic Fungis such as peat and organic matter and Trichoderma, bacillus subtilis, waxy Bacillus.
5. the restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that blooming covered
Journey, without carrying out Special controlling to temperature, the temperature high overlay film time can suitably shorten, and optimum condition is 25-35 DEG C of ambient temperature,
Time 1-10 days.
6. the restorative procedure of half soil, half substrate culture soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that soil reduction process agent
Main component is complex microbial inoculum；The complex microbial inoculum mainly contains Soluble phosphorus enzyme, potassium solubilizing bacteria, antibiotic bacteria, nitrification
One of bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus megaterium, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus subtilis are more
Kind.
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| CN111961632A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-20 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Complex microbial inoculant for increasing total sugar content of golden-silk jujube and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190111 |