CN108513874B - Erosion-resistant vegetation recovery method for hillock side slope - Google Patents
Erosion-resistant vegetation recovery method for hillock side slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN108513874B CN108513874B CN201810389761.9A CN201810389761A CN108513874B CN 108513874 B CN108513874 B CN 108513874B CN 201810389761 A CN201810389761 A CN 201810389761A CN 108513874 B CN108513874 B CN 108513874B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/13—Zeolites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for recovering erosion-resistant vegetation on a hillock side slope. The erosion resistant matrix consists of bentonite, zeolite, fulvic acid, wood fiber, polymer and synthetic fiber; adding water to the erosion resistant matrix mixture to form a slurry; adding plant seeds and fertilizer to the slurry; the slurry is sprayed on a hillock covering soil layer or a nutrient layer through a spraying seeder, so that the side slope is prevented from being eroded by rainwater, the seeds can germinate, root and grow quickly, and the hillock side slope is protected. Wherein the anti-erosion matrix mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: 600-1200 parts of bentonite, 200-600 parts of zeolite, 20-40 parts of fulvic acid, 1400-2600 parts of wood fiber, 20-100 parts of polymer and 0.5-2 parts of synthetic fiber. The anti-erosion vegetation layer prepared by the method can preserve water, fertilizer, loose and ventilate, can effectively resist wind and rain erosion, prevent water and soil loss of the waste rock slope, quickly form a plant community and realize ecological restoration of a mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental management and mine ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for restoring erosion-resistant vegetation on a hillock side slope.
Background
The coal gangue is the industrial solid waste with the largest coal mine discharge amount, and accounts for about 10-20% of the raw coal yield. At present, thousands of gangue dumps are not treated in China, and hundreds of millions of tons of new gangue are increased every year. The waste rock hills not only occupy a large amount of land and destroy surrounding ecological landscapes, but also release a large amount of toxic and harmful gas and dust to the atmosphere and generate a large amount of leaching solution. Therefore, the responsibility for the environmental ecological management of the waste rock hills is great, and the task is difficult.
A conventional method for treating the waste rock hills comprises the following steps: slope cutting and finishing → earthing → constructing drainage channels → vegetation recovery, wherein the vegetation recovery is one of the main contents. Because the waste rock hillock has the characteristics of steep slope and easy spontaneous combustion, vegetation recovery is different from other waste lands, once eroded, an erosion ditch is formed, an air leakage channel of the waste rock hillock is gradually formed, and spontaneous combustion of the waste rock hillock is easily caused. Therefore, whether the vegetation recovery is successful in waste rock hill treatment or not is realized.
By field investigation of the current situation of the managed gangue dump, a large number of erosion ditches exist in the surface soil layer of the naturally-ignited gangue dump, and the places where the vegetation surface soil layer is eroded to form the erosion ditches are all displayed by thermal imaging scanning to be temperature abnormal areas and have a natural ignition trend, so that the problem of erosion resistance of the vegetation layer of the gangue dump is particularly important and urgent.
The existing technology for vegetation recovery by waste rock hill treatment mainly comprises the following steps:
1. manually sowing grass seeds, planting grass and planting trees. Due to the uneven spraying, the grass seeds are easy to peck by birds, the vegetation grows slowly, and the grass seeds cannot resist rain erosion.
2. And planting grass and trees by adopting a foreign soil spray seeding mode. The seeds are added into the anti-erosion matrix mixture material by mechanical equipment, the matrix material generally comprises planting soil, fibers, an adhesive, a compound fertilizer and a water-retaining agent, large-area rapid vegetation can be carried out, the seeds can be well protected from contacting with the soil, the lawn forming speed is high, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the working efficiency is improved. As the alien soil spray-seeding matrix is mainly loess, the anti-erosion effect capability is very limited.
The invention discloses a matrix material for ecological restoration of a mine waste rock mountain, which is composed of a seed germination layer and a root system induction layer, wherein the seed germination layer is used for vegetation and is composed of loam, expanded vermiculite, plant fibers, a water-retaining agent, a granulating agent, a disinfectant, a compound fertilizer and a seed mixture. The main component of the matrix layer is still soil, the plant fiber is obtained by fermenting and decomposing the straw, and the anti-erosion capability is weak, so the anti-erosion capability of the matrix layer is limited.
In view of the above reasons, the invention provides a method for recovering erosion-resistant vegetation on a hillock side slope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for restoring erosion-resistant vegetation on a hillock side slope, wherein the erosion-resistant vegetation layer has the characteristics of water retention, fertilizer retention and erosion resistance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. a method for restoring erosion-resistant vegetation on a hillock side slope comprises the following steps:
the erosion-resistant matrix is composed of bentonite, zeolite, fulvic acid, wood fiber, polymer and synthetic fiber, the erosion-resistant matrix mixture is added with water to prepare slurry, plant seeds are added into the slurry, and the slurry is sprayed on a hillock covering soil layer or a nutrient layer through a spraying-seeding machine, so that the side slope is prevented from being eroded by rainwater, the seeds can germinate, take roots and grow quickly, and the hillock side slope is protected.
Wherein the anti-erosion matrix mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
600-1200 parts of bentonite
200-600 parts of zeolite
20-40 parts of fulvic acid
1400-2600 parts of wood fiber
20-100 parts of polymer
0.5-2 parts of synthetic fiber.
The bentonite is a natural mineral material, the main component of the bentonite is montmorillonite, and the unique structure of the bentonite enables the bentonite to have strong water absorption, expansibility, adsorbability, dispersibility, adhesiveness, cation exchange property and water and fertilizer retention property, has a good slow release effect on fertilizers, has macroelements and microelements required by plants, and provides various nutrients for the plants. The viscosity of bentonite clay allows for better adhesion of the erosion resistant matrix slurry to the blast surface. The bentonite is sodium-based or calcium-based, and the particle size can be 100-200 meshes.
The zeolite has adsorptivity, high ion exchange speed, unique effect in improving soil and playing a role of water and fertilizer, capability of reducing the pH value of the soil, moisture retention, fertilizer utilization rate improvement and effect time prolongation. The grain diameter is less than 3 mm.
The fulvic acid is one of humic acids, is an organic colloidal substance, has strong water absorption capacity, strong water and fertilizer retention, has a remarkable synergistic effect on chemical fertilizers, can effectively promote the rapid growth of plants, and enhances the stress resistance of crops. The size can be 100-200 mesh powder.
The wood fiber has the advantages of high organic matter content, good water retention performance, large water absorption capacity, slow and uniform water release, capability of better fusing with seeds and fertilizers, capability of preventing erosion of wind and rain to surface soil and improvement of soil structure. The organic matter is rich, which is beneficial to the growth of microorganisms, promotes the soil curing, increases the soil fertility, preserves water and fertilizer, and provides sufficient water and nutrients for the growth of plants. In the later period of vegetation, the fertilizer can be naturally degraded into organic fertilizer, and long-term nutrients are provided for plants. The size may be 0.7-5 mm.
Wherein the synthetic fibers are used to improve the erosion resistance of the matrix layer. The synthetic fiber can be polypropylene fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyethylene fiber, or bundle-like monofilament fiber of polyacrylonitrile fiber, with fiber diameter of 18 μm and length of 5mm or 6 mm.
Wherein the polymer is a water-dispersible cellulose polymer, and is used for increasing the adhesiveness of the matrix and improving the anti-erosion capability of the side slope. Including methyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
Mixing the above materials, and stirring to obtain anti-erosion matrix mixture.
2. Selection of plant seeds
According to the characteristics of the hillock, in order to prevent the slope from being eroded by rainwater, grasses and shrubs which have developed root systems, are drought-resistant, barren-resistant, strong in covering power and strong in adaptability and can be extensively managed are selected. Considering that the slope surface of the waste rock is covered with thin soil, the trees are too deep to be rooted and easily penetrate through the sealing layer to enter a waste rock area, so that air and water enter, and the trees are not recommended to be selected. The grass and the irrigation are combined, a three-dimensional community can be established, and the advantage combination and the natural succession of multiple categories, multiple levels and multiple functions are realized. The cool season grasses such as perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, red fescue, blue grass and the like, the warm season grasses such as zoysia japonica, bermudagrass and the like, the shrubs can be selected from amorpha fruticosa, caragana microphylla, lespedeza bicolor and the like, and the plants can be sowed in a single mode or in a mixed mode.
3. Spray-seeding slurry preparation
Adding water into one fourth of the stirring box of the spray-seeding machine, adding the anti-erosion matrix mixture, stirring, adding plant seeds, adding water, and stirring thoroughly until a viscous slurry is prepared, wherein some fertilizers, such as compound fertilizers, can be added for early germination of plants. Coloring agents may also be added to observe the degree of spray uniformity and the margin of indication. Wherein the amount of plant seeds is related to the spray-seeding area, and is generally 25-30g/m2。
4. Construction process
And uniformly spraying the mixed slurry on the soil covering layer or the nutrient layer, wherein the spraying thickness is 5-20 mm.
The invention has the following advantages: the erosion-resistant vegetation layer disclosed by the invention can preserve water, fertilizer, loose and breathable, can effectively resist wind and rain erosion, prevent water and soil loss of the waste rock slope, can quickly form a plant community, and realizes ecological restoration of a mine.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are intended as illustrative embodiments of the invention and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Example one
Example of vegetation recovery for Wangzhuang coal mine waste rock management and anti-erosion of Changzhining division of Shanxi Jinneng group
The Wangzhuang coal mine waste rock management project is provided with six streets in total, the width of the streets is 5m, the vertical height is 5m, the slope length is 11m, and the slope ratio is 1: 2. And on the nutrient layer, carrying out vegetation by adopting a foreign soil spray-seeding machine.
1. The matrix mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
800 portions of calcium bentonite
300 portions of zeolite
Fulvic acid 25 parts
2200 parts of wood fiber
50 portions of methyl cellulose
1 part of polypropylene fiber
Mixing the above materials, and stirring to obtain anti-erosion matrix mixture.
2. Plant seed selection
Selecting herbal seeds of tall fescue, ryegrass, bluegrass and the like, and mixing the raw materials according to a mixing ratio of 5: 3: 2, spray seeding rate 25g/m2. The shrub is amorpha fruticosa with a spray seeding amount of 8g/m2。
3. Preparation of spray-seeding slurry
Adding water into one fourth of the stirring box of the spray seeding machine, adding the anti-erosion matrix mixture, stirring, adding the plant seeds, adding water, and fully stirring until viscous slurry is prepared. And adding water into 5kg of compound fertilizer for melting, adding the compound fertilizer into a stirring box, and adding 2kg of coloring agent for observing the spraying uniformity and the indicating limit.
4. Construction process
And uniformly spraying the spraying slurry on the nutrient layer, wherein the spraying thickness is about 10 mm.
After a plurality of heavy rains, the hillside surface of the waste rock is not corroded, and the rainwater flowing down from the top is clear and free of silt.
Example two
Example of recovering erosion-resistant vegetation on east slope of Wangzhuang coal mine of Changzhi division of Shanxi Jinneng group
In east of Wangzhuang waste rock mountain, because of the waste rock field, an irregular slope surface of bare rock is formed, the slope is 30-70 degrees, the height is 5-10m, a nutrition layer is constructed, and the area is about 2000m2。
1. The matrix mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1200 parts of calcium bentonite
500 portions of zeolite
Fulvic acid 30 parts
2500 parts of wood fiber
Ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose 60 parts
Polyvinyl chloride fiber 1.5 parts
Mixing the above materials, and stirring to obtain anti-erosion matrix mixture.
2. Plant seed selection
Selecting herbal seeds of tall fescue, ryegrass, bluegrass and the like, and mixing the raw materials according to a mixing ratio of 5: 3: 2, the spraying amount is 30gm2。
3. Preparation of spray-seeding slurry
Adding water into one fourth of the stirring box of the spray seeding machine, adding the anti-erosion matrix mixture, stirring, adding the plant seeds, adding water, and fully stirring until viscous slurry is prepared. And adding water into 5kg of compound fertilizer for melting, adding the compound fertilizer into a stirring box, and adding 2kg of coloring agent for observing the spraying uniformity.
4. Construction process
And uniformly spraying the spraying slurry on the surface of the nutrient layer, wherein the spraying thickness is about 13 mm.
After several heavy rains, the slope of the hillside is not corroded, and the rainwater flowing down from the top is clear and free of silt.
EXAMPLE III
Example for recovering erosion-resistant vegetation on west slope of Wangzhuang coal mine of Changzhi division of Shanxi Jinneng group
On the west surface of Wangzhuang waste dump, because of the road construction of waste dump, an irregular slope surface of bare rock is formed, the slope is 50-80 degrees, the local slope reaches 90 degrees, even normal slope, the height is 5-10m, a nutrition layer is constructed, and the area is about 1500m2。
1. The matrix mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1500 parts of calcium bentonite
Zeolite 400 parts
Fulvic acid 30 parts
2600 parts of wood fiber
70 portions of hydroxyethyl cellulose
2 portions of polyethylene fiber
Mixing the above materials, and stirring to obtain anti-erosion matrix mixture.
2. Plant seed selection
Selecting herbal seeds of tall fescue, ryegrass, bluegrass and the like, and mixing the raw materials according to a mixing ratio of 5: 3: 2, the spray seeding quantity is 30g/m2。
3. Preparation of spray-seeding slurry
Adding water into one fourth of the stirring box of the spray seeding machine, adding the anti-erosion matrix mixture, stirring, adding the plant seeds, adding water, and fully stirring until viscous slurry is prepared. And adding water into 5kg of compound fertilizer for melting, adding the compound fertilizer into a stirring box, and adding 2kg of coloring agent for observing the spraying uniformity.
4. Construction process
And uniformly spraying the spraying slurry on the nutrient layer, wherein the spraying thickness is about 15 mm.
After several heavy rains, the slope of the hillside is not corroded, and the rainwater flowing down from the top is clear and free of silt.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for restoring erosion-resistant vegetation on a hillock side slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of the erosion resistant matrix mixture: the anti-erosion matrix mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
600-1200 parts of bentonite
200-600 parts of zeolite
20-40 parts of fulvic acid
1400-2600 parts of wood fiber
20-100 parts of polymer
0.5-2 parts of synthetic fiber;
(2) selecting plant seeds;
(3) preparing spray seeding slurry: adding water into the anti-erosion matrix mixture to prepare spray-seeding slurry, and adding plant seeds and fertilizer into the spray-seeding slurry;
(4) the construction process comprises the following steps: and spraying the spray-seeding slurry on a hillock covering soil layer or a nutrient layer through a spray-seeding machine.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant seeds comprise at least one grass-shrub plant.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a water-dispersible cellulose polymer comprising at least one of methylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, ethylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
4. The method for recovering erosion-resistant vegetation on a hillock side slope according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic fiber is at least one of polypropylene fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyethylene fiber and polyacrylonitrile fiber.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the erosion resistant matrix mixture further comprises a coloring agent.
6. The method for recovering erosion-resistant vegetation on a hillock side slope according to claim 1, wherein the slurry spraying thickness is 5-20 mm.
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| CN110122204A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-16 | 辽宁大学 | A kind of method on the steel slag mountain that original position restoration of the ecosystem northern area is piled based on discarded steel slag |
| CN110612793A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-27 | 孙二建 | Spray-seeding greening method for waste rock hill |
| CN110747867A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-02-04 | 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Ecological slope protection method for embankment side slope filled with two-ash soil |
| CN110747866A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-02-04 | 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Fill embankment side slope anti-erosion ecological slope protection method |
| CN113728882A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-03 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Composite matrix layer for ecological restoration and ecological restoration method of gangue pile in cold and arid regions |
| CN114931069A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-23 | 江西省交通投资集团有限责任公司 | Ecological restoration anti-erosion fiber spray-seeding method |
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