CN106922353A - Using the method for giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump - Google Patents
Using the method for giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump Download PDFInfo
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- CN106922353A CN106922353A CN201710135793.1A CN201710135793A CN106922353A CN 106922353 A CN106922353 A CN 106922353A CN 201710135793 A CN201710135793 A CN 201710135793A CN 106922353 A CN106922353 A CN 106922353A
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- red mud
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of utilization giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump, specially：Planting pit is dug on red mud dump, organic fertilizer is applied thereto, then backfill part red mud, plant giantreed on the red mud of backfill afterwards, finally backfill red mud and having peace of mind.While more preferably planting giantreed on the red mud of backfill, cover plant is planted around giantreed.The present invention can not only carry out restoration of the ecosystem, also with economic well-being of workers and staff, with the purpose for realizing economic benefit and ecological environment benefit doulbe-sides' victory by planting giantreed on red mud dump to red mud dump.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ecological restoring method of red mud dump, and in particular to one kind utilizes giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump
Method.
Background technology
Red mud is that the red waste residue discharged after aluminum oxide is refined from bauxite.Influenceed by production technology, red mud is in strong
Alkaline (pH 10-12), and discharge capacity is huge, and China's annual emissions are up to 40,000,000 tons at present.Because recycling difficulty is non-
Chang great, red mud mainly takes the outdoor disposal options stored up, and not only occupies substantial amounts of soil, and easily flown away by dust or
Pollution periphery ecological environment is oozed under attached liquid, industrial and agricultural production and regional environment air quality is had a strong impact on.Therefore, actively seeking
While red mud comprehensive Utilization Ways, explore effective ecological restoring method and technology is extremely urgent.
Red mud dump salt alkali content is high, permeable breathable is poor, specific retention is high but Moisture Availability is low, nutrient-deficient, greatly
Most plants are difficult to grow.The restoration of the ecosystem of current red mud dump directly plants various turfs or miscellaneous after being mainly covering with new soil
Grass.These technologies not only can not fundamentally solve the problems, such as red mud strong basicity and its to surrounding area potential threat, Er Qieke
The excavation of soil, transport and covering high cost, selected turf or weeds usually not economic well-being of workers and staff cause enterprise in implementation process
In there is no enthusiasm too high.Therefore, screening some alkaline-resisting non-edible economic plants and researching and developing without soil moved in improve the original field planting technology, will have
There are prior application value and economy and ecological significance.
Giantreed (Arundo donax) belongs to herbaceos perennial for grass family giantreed, and root-like stock is flourishing, growth is fast, biological
Amount is big, and plant can be grown to 6 meters or higher, is a kind of energy-source plant for collecting various potential uses such as fuel, generating, papermaking.And,
Giantreed is throughout the year evergreen, can cradle twice within 1 year, and once plantation can be harvested continuously at least 20 years.Giantreed Salt And Alkali Tolerance, but at present still
It was found that using the relevant report of its restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilization giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump, by
Giantreed is planted on red mud dump, restoration of the ecosystem can not only be carried out to red mud dump, also with economic well-being of workers and staff, realize economic benefit with
The purpose of ecological environment benefit doulbe-sides' victory.
The method of utilization giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump of the present invention is：Planting pit is dug on red mud dump, to
Wherein apply organic fertilizer, then backfill part red mud, plant giantreed on the red mud of backfill afterwards, finally backfill red mud and step on
It is real.
While planting giantreed in planting pit, in order to suppress moisture evaporation in planting pit, ground temperature stabilization is maintained, prevent salt
Alkali earth's surface dissolution and prevent because of red mud it is hardened caused by poor air permeability etc., cover plant is preferably planted around giantreed, with further
Promote the survival and growth of giantreed.The cover plant can be rye grass, mascarene grass or gooseneck boom barnyard grass etc..
In the method for the invention, the diameter of planting pit, depth and spacing etc. can be adjusted as needed, in this Shen
Please in, be preferably provided with a diameter of 30-40cm of planting pit, depth is 30-40cm, and cave spacing is 80-150cm.
In the method for the invention, organic fertilizer is added to provide necessary nutrient to plant by the bottom application of planting pit cave, while
Also the organic acid reduction red mud alkalescence for being produced with humification using its organic material decomposition；In addition, loose organic fertilizer is conducive to
Planting pit cave bottom is seeped under the buck of top, and blocks the saline and alkaline upper shifting with capillary water of cave bottom red mud.Described organic fertilizer is existing
Have in technology routinely using and the organic fertilizer that can be commercially available, can be specifically feces of livestock and poultry (such as chicken manure, cattle and sheep horse pig manure,
Rabbit excrement etc.) and biological organic residuum in one or more combination.
In the method for the invention, during to applying organic fertilizer in planting pit, it is field planting preferably to control the thickness of organic fertilizer
The 1/4-1/3 of acupoint depth.
In the method for the invention, during to backfilling red mud for the first time in planting pit, preferably control backfills the thickness of red mud
To be colonized the 1/4-1/3 of acupoint depth.
In the method for the invention, the plantation of giantreed is preferably planted in planting pit in the form of band soil bagged seedlings.Institute
Stating giantreed bagged seedlings can be bought directly from the market, or cultivate acquisition using existing conventional method, specifically by giantreed
Stem section cuttage is used when being managed in the Seedling bag equipped with cultivation matrix, routinely to height of seedling 40-60cm；Wherein described cultivation
Matrix is preferably by cultivation soil and peat soil by 2:1 volume ratio is obtained by mixing.Band soil plantation is not only improved and can improve giantreed
In the field planting success rate of red mud dump, additionally aid giantreed carries out risk spreading and resource-sharing, Jin Erzeng using Clonal integration
Strong alkali resistance.
In the method for the invention, the plantation of cover plant is preferably planted in fixed in the form of band soil bagged seedlings or turf
In plant hole around giantreed.The cover plant turf can be bought directly from the market, and bagged seedlings can use existing routine
Method cultivate obtain, specifically by the seed broadcasting of cover plant in the Seedling bag equipped with cultivation matrix, routinely manage to
Used during height of seedling 5-10cm；Wherein described cultivation matrix is preferably by cultivation soil and peat soil by 2:1 volume ratio mixing and
.
In the method for the invention, it is typically to be backfilled to fair with earth's surface or a little higher than earth's surface when finally backfilling red mud, returns
Complete into rear steady and sure and pour water.
Compared with prior art, the method have the characteristics that：
1st, the energy-source plant giantreed from tool fuel, generating, papermaking potential is applied in the restoration of the ecosystem of red mud dump, and one
Aspect repeatedly cradles, the physicochemical property of improvement red mud, another aspect giantreed saline and alkaline in red mud dump to cut down significantly by it
Economic worth can realize the economic utilization of red mud dump, while can also alleviate China energy-source plant develops faced arable land pressure
Power.
2nd, method that is further, being directly colonized using band soil bagged seedlings, first, giantreed bagged seedlings are packed with cover plant
The preparation of seedling is simple and easy to apply, with low cost；Secondly, after target plant giantreed is colonized successfully, continuously can not only harvest for many years, and
The characteristics of its impoverishment tolerant, can ensure the later stage without putting into maintenance and management cost again；Furthermore, compared with existing new-soil planting technology,
Without carrying out covering with new soil in advance, not only saved it is huge fetch earth, transport and earthing cost, and entirely field planting process is simple
It is easy, it is easy to operation, it is easy to the exposed red mud dump of fast greening.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to more fully understand present disclosure, but
The present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1
In April, 2016, it is some to purchase 30cm × 25cm (bore × height) flowerpot (band pallet), first plus organic fertilizer (pig manure) 8-
10cm is thick, then adds red mud 8-10cm thick, afterwards the giantreed bagged seedlings of mixed planting band soil and rye grass bagged seedlings (wherein 1 plant giantreed
In the middle of flowerpot, 4 bags of rye grass seedlings plant the surrounding in giantreed to Miao Zhi), finally plus red mud is until less than basin mouthful 1cm or so and carry out
Routine is watered management.Wherein red mud pick up from Guangxi Branch Aluminum Corp. of China Ltd. red mud dump (pH value 11.76,
Content of organic matter 6.37gkg-1)。
After Routine Management 3 months, giantreed and the equal well-grown of rye grass, wherein giantreed mean height 1.5m, rye natural plant height
30cm.Red mud at giantreed rhizosphere is taken, pH value is measured for 9.47-10.09, the content of organic matter is 23.70-27.84gkg-1。
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is with the red mud dump in Guangxi Branch Aluminum Corp. of China Ltd. (the Bose City Pingguo County west of a city)
It is research object, the phase of red mud dump one takes up an area 1200 mu, 900 mu of second phase, three 2000 mu of phases.
In order to the volume of cargo in storage and increase that reduce red mud store up height, the said firm is stored up using dry method.This stacked arrangement
Red mud alkalescence is strong (pH 11-12), extremely low (the 5-7g kg of the content of organic matter-1), and it is hard, easily hardened, permeable breathable is poor, daytime
The night temperature difference is big etc., is highly detrimental to the existence and growth of plant.Therefore, the said firm employs new-soil planting technology, selected plant
Predominantly wedelia chinensis, has also planted experimentally some class reed, cogongrass, silk trees etc. in addition, otherwise these plants are that invasive species or harm are serious
Weeds, or Economic Application value or effect on driving birds is not good.After planting for many years, the growth of these plants shows bad, does not have
Fundamentally solve the problems, such as red mud strong basicity and its to surrounding area potential threat.
In June, 2016 carries out restoration of the ecosystem experiment, trial zone area to above-mentioned red mud dump using the method for the invention
100m2(10m×10m).After testing, the pH value of the trial zone is 11.76, and the content of organic matter is 6.37gkg-1。
1) planting pit is dug：The planting pit of cylinder is dug in trial zone, a diameter of 30-40cm of planting pit is controlled, depth is
30-40cm, cave spacing is 80-150cm；
2) organic fertilizer：Organic fertilizer (pig manure) is spread fertilizer over the fields in planting pit bottom, controls its thickness for 10cm, then backfill part
Red mud, the thickness for controlling to backfill red mud is 10cm；
3) mixed planting giantreed and rye grass：The giantreed bagged seedlings of Seedling bag will be removed, and (giantreed bagged seedlings are by giantreed stem section skewer
Insert in equipped with cultivation matrix (by cultivation soil and peat soil by 2:1 volume ratio is obtained by mixing) Seedling bag in, routinely manage
Used during to height of seedling 40-60cm, height of seedling 40-60cm, Seedling bag specification is 10cm × 10cm) and rye grass bagged seedlings (rye grass
Bagged seedlings be ryegrass seed broadcast sowing in equipped with cultivation matrix (by cultivation soil and peat soil by 2:1 volume ratio is obtained by mixing)
In Seedling bag, used when routinely managing to height of seedling height of seedling 5-10cm, Seedling bag specification is 8.5cm × 8.5cm) it is placed in soil and is determined
In plant hole, wherein 1 plant of giantreed seedling is placed in the middle of planting pit, 4 bags of rye grass seedlings are placed in the surrounding of giantreed, red mud is backfilled afterwards and is stepped on
It is real, until maintaining an equal level with earth's surface or slightly higher, then irrigated with water.
After implementing 3 months, trial zone afforestation coverage rate reaches 2m or so, rye grass up to 80%, wherein giantreed growing height
Growing height reaches 30cm or so, and overall upgrowth situation is good.Red mud physicochemical property is significantly improved at giantreed rhizosphere, its
Middle pH value is 9.97, and the content of organic matter is 20.38gkg-1。
Claims (7)
1. using the method for giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump, it is characterised in that：Planting pit is dug on red mud dump, is applied thereto
Plus organic fertilizer, part red mud is then backfilled, giantreed is planted on the red mud of backfill afterwards, finally backfill red mud and having peace of mind.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：While planting giantreed on the red mud of backfill, in giantreed
Around plant cover plant.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described cover plant be rye grass, mascarene grass or
Gooseneck boom barnyard grass.
4. the method according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：To the consumption for applying organic fertilizer in planting pit
It is the 1/4-1/3 that the thickness for controlling organic fertilizer is field planting acupoint depth.
5. the method according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：To backfilling red mud for the first time in planting pit
When, the thickness for controlling to backfill red mud is the 1/4-1/3 for being colonized acupoint depth.
6. the method according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：The giantreed is in the form of band soil bagged seedlings
Plant in planting pit.
7. the method according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：The cover plant is with band soil bagged seedlings or turf
Form plant in planting pit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710135793.1A CN106922353A (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2017-03-09 | Using the method for giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump |
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| CN201710135793.1A CN106922353A (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2017-03-09 | Using the method for giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump |
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| CN106922353A true CN106922353A (en) | 2017-07-07 |
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| CN201710135793.1A Pending CN106922353A (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2017-03-09 | Using the method for giantreed restoration of the ecosystem red mud dump |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109644809A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-19 | 祝旭加 | A kind of tree-grass complex formula digging dibbling seedling-growing method optimizing afforestation effect |
| CN110915346A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-27 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Method for rapidly greening red mud yard slope by using emerald |
| CN112088748A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-18 | 华中师范大学 | Directional humification strengthening soil making based on iron circulation regulation and control, and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109644809A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-19 | 祝旭加 | A kind of tree-grass complex formula digging dibbling seedling-growing method optimizing afforestation effect |
| CN110915346A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-27 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Method for rapidly greening red mud yard slope by using emerald |
| CN112088748A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-18 | 华中师范大学 | Directional humification strengthening soil making based on iron circulation regulation and control, and preparation method and application thereof |
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