CN106718607B - A method of directly repairing metal abandoned mine slag muck field using wet-land pine tree container seedling - Google Patents
A method of directly repairing metal abandoned mine slag muck field using wet-land pine tree container seedling Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
A method of directly repairing metal abandoned mine slag muck field, including the following contents using wet-land pine tree container seedling: (1) Slash pine seed germinates in the basin of nursery cave；(2) nursery stock manages；(3) it is transplanted to degradable nonwoven fabrics container bag；(4) container seedling manages；(5) mining area abandoned mine slag muck product hillside fields site preparation；(6) it transplants.The present invention utilizes wet-land pine tree cultivation of container seedling Pinus elliottii seedlings high survival rate, it is transplanted to mining area abandoned mine slag muck product on the ground, restoration of the ecosystem is carried out to abandoned mine mountain, it not only can satisfy the nutritional need of Pinus elliottii seedlings growth, survival rate of the wet-land pine tree in slag is also improved, carrying out mining area dump slag for the later period, aheap soil matrix improvement and the field planting of other rehabilitation plants provide on the spot basis.The method that the present invention uses wet-land pine tree container seedling directly to repair metal abandoned mine slag muck field, provides solution route for growth demand of the wet-land pine tree under the abandoned mine slag land occupation condition of mining area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that metal abandoned mine slag muck field is directly repaired using wet-land pine tree container seedling, belong to environmental protection
Technical field.
Background technique
China is a mineral resources big country, and with the exploitation of mineral resources, the maximum solid of mining area " three wastes " discharge amount is useless
Object quantity is consequently increased, and does not only take up and destroy a large amount of land resource, also brings huge Environmental security hidden danger.Although mesh
The preceding research having carried out a large amount of ettle resource reclaims and having recycled, but by economic condition, technical equipment and turn of the market etc.
The utilization rate of the influence of aspect, China's abandoned mine slag especially low taste ettle is lower always, thus a large amount of slag stockyard according to
So it is badly in need of carrying out restoration of the ecosystem.The barren rock and poor value of the surface soil, acquisition removed when how to administer by digging up mine are accumulated
Abandoned mine slag muck stone field become environment of mining area administer difficult point.Barren rock stockyard lacks normally for needed for plant growth and existence
Soil texture, ore venting and water permeable performance is good, and retain water and nutrients ability is poor, the soil moisture variation acutely, content of beary metal compared with
Height, soil are in highly acid, and pH is minimum to settle down down to 2-3 or so, only fragmentary herbaceous plant, natural vegetation restoration status pole
Difference, the period is too long, is unable to reach the requirement of ecological recovery.The earthing recovery project largely applied at present, project amount is big, soil moved in improve the original at
This height, and plant survival rate is lower, especially abandoned mine slag side slope, severe water and soil erosion, repairing effect are poor.It is directed to mine at present
Area's abandoned mine slag muck product hillside fields, which is repaired, mainly sprays careless technology, hydraulic sprinkle, soil moved in improve the original spray attachment method, spray sowing skill using direct linked network
Art, three-dimension vegetative net technology etc., but also all to there is project amount big for these methods, it is at high cost, lack the reasonably combined of tall shrub, spray
The floristics broadcast is restricted, and long-term effect is poor, and draft is degenerated the problems such as very fast.So developing a kind of economical, reasonable, effective
Phytoremediation mode to mining area abandoned mine slag aheap, especially accumulation hillside fields reparation it is extremely important.
Forest tree species because of its well developed root system, depth is roomy, biomass is big, the factors such as strong to Heavy Metal Tolerance, become plant
The hot spot of reparation.Wet-land pine tree is strong to temperature and soil suitability, drought resisting, it is waterlogging, resist it is barren, it is acidproof, to it is various on the spot have it is good
Adaptability and resistance, growth rapidly, be important reproducting tree species.So using the wet-land pine tree container seedling of improvement matrix to useless
Slag, which on the spot carries out restoration of the ecosystem, can not only improve mining area ecological environment, also have important economic value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to the situation of metal abandoned mine slag muck field vegetation environmental worsening is directed to, in order to improve metal
The ecological environment of abandoned mine slag muck field, the present invention propose a kind of side that metal abandoned mine slag muck field is directly repaired using wet-land pine tree container seedling
Method.
The technical solution that the present invention realizes is as follows: a kind of metal abandoned mine slag muck field of directly being repaired using wet-land pine tree container seedling
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) Slash pine seed germinates: the warm water that Slash pine seed is placed in 60 DEG C is soaked seed 2-3 days, centre replacement warm water
It 1-2 times, is carried out disinfection 2h with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution to seed, is then rinsed well with clear water；After Slash pine seed vernalization
It is directly sowed in large size deep hole nursery cave, seedling medium is peat, husk and vermiculite, and is mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate and carbendazim, is filled
Divide and mixes；2-3 are sowed in each cave, is covered with a thin layer of fine sand, and after germinating to seedling, each cave is colonized 1 plant of seedling, more
Remaining sprigging is in the nursery cave being short of seedling, and water spray determines root after field planting；
(2) nursery stock manages: temperature control and diseases prevention.Seedling Stage will according to specific weather conditions sunshade net temperature control, ventilative, according to
Soil dry-wet watering, sprout rudiment and transplanting early period, water management to accomplish it is appropriate, multiple, daily by spraying 1-2 times, in morning
The upper or dusk is sprayed 1min, and Nutrition Soil is made to keep moisture state, promotes lateral root growth；It is suitably used according to the growing way of Pinus elliottii seedlings
The full nutrition Water-solubility foliar fertilizer of the N:P:K=20:20:20 of 3% concentration carries out top dressing；
(3) it is transplanted to degradable nonwoven fabrics container bag: when selecting container bag culture substrate, as far as possible using near mining area
Available resources is matched by different substrates, is found wet-land pine tree in abandoned mine slag and is grown optimal container matrix；It will be a certain proportion of
Peat soil, sawdust, husk, yellow soil and baked wheaten cake soil stir evenly；For pre- preventing disease and pest, 3% industrial ferrous sulfate 25kg/ is added
m3, it is fitted into container bag after being covered 2-3 days with plastic film；South moisten it is rainy, and wet-land pine tree have preferable drought tolerance, institute
To be added without water-retaining agent in matrix；Roll into a ball to be formed in Pinus elliottii seedlings root system, seedling it is long to 12-15cm or so when, by nursery stock and training
Feeding matrix is transplanted to together in degradable nonwoven fabrics container bag.
(4) container seedling manages: transplant early increases dose, is applied with the complete every 10d of nutrition Water-solubility foliar fertilizer of 6% concentration
Fertile primary, continuous fertilization 3-4 times promotes growth of seedling；At later stages, before being soon out of the garden, stop applied nitrogen, apply phosphate fertilizer
And potash fertilizer, allow nursery stock lignifying；
(5) mining area abandoned mine slag muck product hillside fields site preparation: aheap hillside fields is steeper for abandoned mine, and the poor slope surface of segmental stability should be into
The poor debris slope surface of edaphic condition is changed to the relatively slow more stable slope of the gradient, on abandoned mine slag by the improvement of row engineering
It digs pit, cheats about 30cm × 30cm according to the specification cave (20cm × 20cm) of container bag.
(6) transplant: the standard that is out of the garden of wet-land pine tree container seedling is that seedling root group is sufficiently formed, and height of seedling is more than 20cm, at this time
It can be out of the garden and afforest；Generally 2 months, May, September transplanting；It is transplanted to whole good mining area abandoned mine slag muck product slope.It will hold
Device seedling is grafted directly in barren rock hole, and when plant scratches container bag bottom, and the smooth cave face of husk, distance between rows and hills 1.5 are used after transplanting
Rice × 1.5 meters；After 1 year, wet-land pine tree can long 0.5-0.8m or so, if condition can be with, annual additional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1-2 times,
Wet-land pine tree growing way can be more preferable.
The volume ratio of the seedling medium proportion are as follows: peat: husk: vermiculite=2:1:1；The calcium magnesium phosphate content is
6kg/m3；Carbendazim content is 0.2kg/m3。
The mass ratio of the application phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are as follows: potash fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer=200g:100g, to water 50kg.
The volume ratio of the container matrix are as follows: peat soil: sawdust: husk: yellow soil: soil=1:1:1:1:1 is burnt.
The invention has the advantages that wet-land pine tree shows good adaptability to metal waste residue soil, growth is rapid,
Root system gos deep into ettle, and the survival rate after 2 years reaches 80% or more.The present invention is directly repaired using Improvement type wet-land pine tree container seedling
The method of multiple metal abandoned mine slag muck field, provides solution route for growth demand of the wet-land pine tree under abandoned mine slag land occupation condition.This
Invention utilizes wet-land pine tree cultivation of container seedling slash pine seedlings high survival rate, is transplanted to mining area abandoned mine slag muck product on the ground, utilizes appearance
Device matrix meets wet-land pine tree seedling stage growing nutrient demand to greatest extent, improves survival rate of the wet-land pine tree in slag, is also the later period
It carries out the improvement of Abandoned Land of Mine soil matrix and the field planting of other rehabilitation plants growth provides on the spot basis.
Specific embodiment
The present invention implement it is poor compared with, retain water and nutrients ability for mining area barren rock residue heavy metal content, nutrient deficiency
Feature selects impoverishment tolerant, resistance to heavy metal, drought-enduring adversity resistant plant, smooth, earthing has aheap been carried out to abandoned mine slag, plant moves
It plants etc., soil moved in improve the original earthing 15-20cm or so, the plant variety of transplanting is wet-land pine tree, yellow wingceltis, white popinac, glossy privet etc., all 1 year
Raw seedling.Find that glossy privet is not suitable with metal waste residue heap on the spot after 2 years, after growing a period of time, slowly blade withers and falls, stem
Melanism, plant are dead.White popinac and yellow wingceltis have certain adaptability to abandoned mine slag acid soil, but growth is slower, and root system
Extend along the interface of abandoned mine slag and soil, does not protrude into slag.Wet-land pine tree shows metal waste residue soil good suitable
Ying Xing, rapidly, root system gos deep into ettle, and the survival rate after 2 years reaches 80% or more for growth.4 kinds of tree species transplant 2 years after life
Long situation is as shown in table 1.
So wet-land pine tree is the vanguard tree seed of mining area abandoned mine slag aheap phytoremediation.Wet-land pine tree can be to abandoned mine slag bank
Ground is carried out without earthing reparation, but must satisfy growth demand of the wet-land pine tree under abandoned mine slag land occupation condition.
Growing state after the tree species transplanting 2 years of 14 kinds of table
| Tree species | Set height/m | Ground diameter/cm | Take out tip length/m | Root/shoot ratio | Survival rate % |
| Wet-land pine tree | 2.27±0.38 | 6.67±1.23 | 0.58±0.28 | 0.31±0.05 | 89.3 |
| Yellow wingceltis | 0.87±0.32 | 2.56±0.56 | 0.29±0.15 | 0.17±0.06 | 64.3 |
| White popinac | 0.77±0.29 | 2.98±0.59 | 0.25±0.20 | 0.22±0.07 | 59.5 |
| Glossy privet | 0.43±0.42 | 1.81+0.41 | -- | 0.10±0.05 | 5.2 |
For metal slag without plant growth soil, nutrient is poor, content of beary metal is high, acid strong the features such as,
It is improved on the basis of existing wet-land pine tree light containers seedling, is transplanted in container bag after first carrying out training seedling in nursery cave, led to
It crosses substrate composition experiment and develops the container matrix for relatively wet-land pine tree being suitble to grow in slag, be grafted directly to mining area abandoned mine slag muck
Product on the ground, the nutritional need of wet-land pine tree seedling growth is met using container matrix to greatest extent, improves wet-land pine tree in slag
Survival rate, for the later period carry out the improvement of Mine Abandoned Land soil matrix and the field planting of other rehabilitation plants provide it is good on the spot
Basis.
In the selection of container seedling matrix, it is desirable that have higher content of organics, and the decomposed degree of organic substance cannot be excessive,
Light rotten degree.Moreover, general container seedling matrix more values the physical property of matrix, it is desirable that container matrix has good guarantor
Water gas permeability, but be all made of barren rock not of uniform size based on abandoned mine slag, drainage ventilation well requires, so in the present embodiment
Container seedling matrix nutrient content is required it is higher, and require container matrix can provide the soil of wet-land pine tree root growth at
Point.
A kind of method that metal abandoned mine slag muck field is directly repaired using wet-land pine tree container seedling of the present embodiment, including following step
It is rapid:
(1) Slash pine seed germinates: the warm water that Slash pine seed is placed in 60 DEG C is soaked seed 2-3 days, centre replacement warm water
It 1-2 times, is carried out disinfection 2h with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution to seed, is then rinsed well with clear water.After Slash pine seed vernalization
It is directly sowed in large size deep hole nursery cave, seedling medium is peat: husk: vermiculite (volume ratio)=2:1:1, and is mixed with calcium and magnesium phosphorus
Fertilizer (6kg/m3) and carbendazim (0.2kg/m3) mix well.2-3 are sowed in each cave, are covered with a thin layer of fine sand, it is pending
After bud seedling, each cave is colonized 1 plant of seedling, and extra sprigging is in the nursery cave being short of seedling, and water spray determines root after field planting.
(2) nursery stock manages: temperature control and diseases prevention.Seedling be easy to cause day to burn under high-temperature exposure, in continuous rainy days, sprout
Easily occur samping off, therefore to be poured according to specific weather conditions sunshade net temperature control, ventilative according to soil dry-wet in Seedling Stage
Water, sprout rudiment and transplanting early period, water management to accomplish it is appropriate, multiple, daily by spraying 1-2 time, in the morning or at dusk spray
Mist 1min makes Nutrition Soil keep moisture state, promotes lateral root growth；Volume, few time are wanted in Fast-growing stage, Nutrition Soil reaches certain
It rewaters after degree of drying.In addition, because containing part nutritional ingredient in nutrient matrix, so suitable according to the growing way of Pinus elliottii seedlings
When carrying out top dressing with the full nutrition Water-solubility foliar fertilizer of the N:P:K=20:20:20 of 3% concentration.
(3) it is transplanted to degradable nonwoven fabrics container bag: because of the severe land occupation condition of abandoned mine slag, the soil of no plant growth needs
Earth structure and nutritional condition, so the specification of container bag is big compared with traditional lightweight matrix specification, it is 20cm × 20cm.And it is selecting
It when culture substrate, as far as possible using available resources near mining area, is matched by different substrates, it is raw in abandoned mine slag to find wet-land pine tree
Long optimal container matrix.Nutrition Soil (yellow soil and baked wheaten cake soil) used is sieved after sufficiently smashing, and removes bulk
The sundries such as chad, tree root.A certain proportion of peat soil, sawdust, husk and yellow soil, baked wheaten cake soil are stirred evenly, preferably stirred
A small amount of clear water is sprayed when mixing, in case fine earth is blown away.For pre- preventing disease and pest, 3% industrial ferrous sulfate 25kg/m is added3, use
Plastic film is fitted into container bag after covering 2-3 days.Because south moisten it is rainy, and wet-land pine tree have preferable drought tolerance, institute
Water-retaining agent not to be added in matrix.Roll into a ball to be formed in Pinus elliottii seedlings root system, it is long to 12-15cm or so when, by nursery stock and culture medium
Matter is transplanted to together in degradable nonwoven fabrics container bag.
(4) container seedling manages: transplant early increases dose, is applied with the complete every 10d of nutrition Water-solubility foliar fertilizer of 6% concentration
It is fertile primary, continuous fertilization 3-4 times.At later stages, before being soon out of the garden, stop applied nitrogen, apply phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, dose
For potash fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer=200g:100g allows nursery stock lignifying to water 50kg.
(5) mining area abandoned mine slag aheap site preparation: aheap hillside fields geological stability is poor for abandoned mine, thus segmental stability compared with
The slope surface of difference carries out engineering improvement, and the poor debris slope surface of edaphic condition is changed to the relatively slow more stable slope of the gradient,
It digs pit, container seedling is grafted directly in barren rock hole, when plant scratches container bag bottom, smooth cave after transplanting on abandoned mine slag
Face, distance between rows and hills are 1.5 meters × 1.5 meters.After 1 year, wet-land pine tree can long 0.5-0.8m or so, it is annual additional if conditions permit
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1-2 times, wet-land pine tree growing way can be more preferable.
(6) transplant: the standard that is out of the garden of wet-land pine tree container seedling is that seedling root group is sufficiently formed, and height of seedling is more than 20cm, at this time
It can be out of the garden and afforest.Root ball is not sufficiently formed, the nursery stock that growing way is more weak can not emerge.Nursery stock is when being out of the garden
It is shipped, anti-extrusion backfin seedling, is accomplished with cultivation with fortune seedling with seedling frame.Wet-land pine tree container seedling can almost accomplish that the anniversary afforests, but one
As preferably 2 months, May, September transplanting.
For Nursery stock transplanting to degradable nonwoven fabrics container bag, substrate composition is particularly significant, and the present embodiment is to progress substrate composition
Test:
The abandoned mine slag of Mine Abandoned Land accumulation is given up by the various solids generated in mining, ore dressing and processing smelting process
Gurry composition, soil texture and nutrient needed for not only lacking plant growth, and also retain water and nutrients ability is poor, so often
The light ground mass wet-land pine tree container seedling of rule may be not suitable with slag land occupation condition.Firstly, in view of south is mostly characteristic of acid red soil, it is wet
Ground pine is acidophilous plant, can secrete a large amount of small molecular organic acids, so matrix soil selects half wind of silt content 40% or so
The yellow soil of change not only can suitably reduce the generation of pest and disease damage, but also porosity 50% or so, have certain retain water and nutrients energy
Power cooperates with soil is burnt, the effective Vegetation space of nursery stock under ground portion can be improved, be allowed to fully absorb nutrient.Secondly because
Abandoned mine slag lacks the nutriment that plant growth needs, although can be with artificially applying fertilizer, the nutrient pool level improved in matrix can
Wet-land pine tree container seedling is effectively promoted in the survival rate of abandoned mine slag muck field, so it is useless that the agricultural such as sawdust, husk are added in substrate composition
Gurry is turned waste into wealth, and can provide organic matter abundant to container seedling growth.In addition, peat is current container nursery using most
Wide matrix components, not only density is small, and it is ventilative, retentiveness is good, salt content is low, extremely has to the formation of seedling root aggressiveness
Benefit.So meeting growth demand of the wet-land pine tree in abandoned mine slag muck field by substrate composition discards ground very to wet-land pine tree repairing mine
Important, substrate composition ratio is as shown in table 2.
2 substrate composition ratio (volume ratio) of table
| Matrix | Yellow soil | Burn soil | Peat | Husk | Sawdust | Slow-release compound fertilizer kg/m3 |
| A | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| B | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| C | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| D | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
The growth conditions of 3 different substrates wet-land pine tree container seedling of table
| Matrix serial number | Height of seedling/cm | Ground diameter/cm | Average every plant of fresh weight/g | Average every plant of dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings/g |
| A | 20.14 | 0.44 | 3.65 | 0.59 |
| B | 28.31 | 0.50 | 4.75 | 0.84 |
| C | 29.71 | 0.51 | 4.92 | 0.97 |
| D | 30.50 | 0.54 | 5.02 | 0.99 |
Growth conditions of the 4 different substrates wet-land pine tree container seedling of table in Mine Abandoned Land (after transplanting 2 years)
| Matrix serial number | Height of seedling/cm | Ground diameter/cm | Survival rate/% |
| A | 113.5 | 1.97 | 65 |
| B | 140.7 | 2.65 | 91 |
| C | 103.2 | 1.56 | 74 |
| D | 135.6 | 2.80 | 87 |
As can be seen from Table 3, growth conditions of the wet-land pine tree in different culture medium matter show more significant growth differences,
Yellow soil and the soil constituent ratio for burning soil are higher, and wet-land pine tree container seedling growth speed is slower；Peat soil ratio is higher, container
Seedling growth is rapider.D substrate composition (yellow soil: fiery sawdust earth burning: peat:: husk=2:2:3:2:1) there is maximum seedling
High, height growth, illustrates that properly increasing peat ratio may advantageously facilitate Growth of Pinus elliottii.Sawdust ratio is big compared with D in B matrix,
Wet-land pine tree container seedling growth rate is slow compared with D, it may be possible to and it is relatively close after sawdust is soaked, it ventilates after being mixed with yellow soil and baked wheaten cake soil
Water penetration is slightly worse, influences absorption of the nursery stock to moisture and nutrient.
But seedling plants are transplanted to the growth result of container seedling in the growth result and table 3 of Dexing copper mine abandoned mine slag in table 4
It is inconsistent.After table 4 shows that growing almost the same wet-land pine tree container seedling is transplanted to ettle stockyard, yellow soil and baked wheaten cake soil contain
The lower matrix (C proportion) of wet-land pine tree survival rate content more native than yellow soil and baked wheaten cake for measuring higher soil matrix (A proportion) is high,
Growth rate is very fast, illustrates that the growth of wet-land pine tree needs certain soil constituent as substrate in abandoned mine slag.But B and D matrix
Mix proportion scheme still shows preferable growth vigor in slag stockyard.
Comprehensively consider the Adaptable growth of cultivation of container seedling and abandoned mine slag aheap as a result, using B and D substrate composition scheme
Wet-land pine tree container seedling it is preferable to the repairing effect of mining area abandoned mine slag aheap.But due to non-renewable, the money of mud and charcoal
Source is more in short supply, and price is higher, and the agriculture and forestry organic waste materials resource such as sawdust and husk is more, so still using gold zone field: burn soil:
Peat: sawdust: husk=1:1:1:1:1 is as wet-land pine tree container seedling culture substrate, and cost is relatively low, nursery stock mining area grow compared with
It is good, restoration of the ecosystem remarkable benefit, application easy to spread.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for directly repairing metal abandoned mine slag muck field using wet-land pine tree container seedling, which is characterized in that the method step
It is rapid as follows:
(1) Slash pine seed germinates: the warm water that Slash pine seed is placed in 60 DEG C is soaked seed 2-3 days, centre replacement warm water 1-2
It is secondary, it is carried out disinfection 2h with 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate to seed, is rinsed well with clear water；It is directly broadcast after Slash pine seed vernalization
In large size deep hole nursery cave, seedling medium is peat, husk and vermiculite, and is mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate and carbendazim, is mixed well；
2-3 are sowed in each cave, is covered with a thin layer of fine sand, and after germinating to seedling, each cave is colonized 1 plant of seedling, extra children
Seedling transplanting is in the nursery cave being short of seedling, and water spray determines root after field planting；
(2) nursery stock manages: temperature control and diseases prevention；Seedling Stage will be according to specific weather conditions sunshade net temperature control, ventilative, according to soil
Dry and wet watering, sprout rudiment and transplanting early period, water management to accomplish it is appropriate, multiple, daily by spraying 1-2 times, in the morning or
It is sprayed 1min at dusk, Nutrition Soil is made to keep moisture state, promotes lateral root growth；3% is suitably used according to the growing way of Pinus elliottii seedlings
Concentration N:P:K=20:20:20 full nutrition Water-solubility foliar fertilizer carry out top dressing；
(3) it is transplanted to degradable nonwoven fabrics container bag:, as far as possible nearby can benefit using mining area when selecting container bag culture substrate
It with resource, is matched by different substrates, finds the container matrix that wet-land pine tree grows in abandoned mine slag；By a certain proportion of peat soil,
Sawdust, husk, yellow soil and baked wheaten cake soil stir evenly；For pre- preventing disease and pest, 3% industrial ferrous sulfate 25kg/m is added3, with modeling
Material film is fitted into container bag after covering 2-3 days；South moisten it is rainy, and wet-land pine tree have preferable drought tolerance, so matrix
In be added without water-retaining agent；Roll into a ball to be formed in Pinus elliottii seedlings root system, seedling it is long to 12-15cm or so when, by nursery stock and culture substrate
It is transplanted in degradable nonwoven fabrics container bag together；
(4) container seedling manages: transplant early increases dose, with the every 10d fertilising one of the full nutrition Water-solubility foliar fertilizer of 6% concentration
Secondary, continuous fertilization 3-4 times promotes growth of seedling；At later stages, before being soon out of the garden, stop applied nitrogen, apply phosphate fertilizer and potassium
Fertilizer, allows nursery stock lignifying；
(5) mining area abandoned mine slag muck product hillside fields site preparation: aheap hillside fields is steeper for abandoned mine, and the poor slope surface of segmental stability should carry out work
The poor debris slope surface of edaphic condition is changed to the relatively slow more stable slope of the gradient, digged pit on abandoned mine slag by Cheng Gailiang,
About 30cm × 30cm is cheated according to the specification cave of container bag；
(6) transplant: the standard that is out of the garden of wet-land pine tree container seedling is that seedling root group is sufficiently formed, and height of seedling is more than 20cm, at this time
It is out of the garden and afforests；Generally 2 months, May, September transplanting；It is transplanted to whole good mining area abandoned mine slag muck product slope；By container seedling
It is grafted directly in barren rock hole, when plant scratches container bag bottom, smooth cave face after transplanting, and distance between rows and hills is 1.5 meters × 1.5 meters；
After 1 year, wet-land pine tree can long 0.5-0.8m or so, annual additional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1-2 time, wet-land pine tree growing way can be more preferable.
2. a kind of method for directly repairing metal abandoned mine slag muck field using wet-land pine tree container seedling according to claim 1, special
Sign is, the volume ratio of the seedling medium proportion are as follows: peat: husk: vermiculite=2:1:1；The calcium magnesium phosphate content is
6kg/m3；Carbendazim content is 0.2kg/m3。
3. a kind of method for directly repairing metal abandoned mine slag muck field using wet-land pine tree container seedling according to claim 1, special
Sign is, the mass ratio of the application phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are as follows: potash fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer=200g:100g is watered 50kg.
4. a kind of method for directly repairing metal abandoned mine slag muck field using wet-land pine tree container seedling according to claim 1, special
Sign is, the volume ratio of the container matrix are as follows: peat soil: sawdust: husk: yellow soil: burns soil=1:1:1:1:1.
5. a kind of method for directly repairing metal abandoned mine slag muck field using wet-land pine tree container seedling according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the specification of the container bag is 20cm × 20cm.
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| CN108323403A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-27 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | A kind of ecology of mining areas reparation matrix |
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