CN104170612A - Southern ion rare earth waste tailing vegetation restoring method - Google Patents
Southern ion rare earth waste tailing vegetation restoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104170612A CN104170612A CN201410293901.4A CN201410293901A CN104170612A CN 104170612 A CN104170612 A CN 104170612A CN 201410293901 A CN201410293901 A CN 201410293901A CN 104170612 A CN104170612 A CN 104170612A
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Abstract
A southern ion rare earth waste tailing vegetation restoring method is characterized in that different vegetations are planted on an ion rare earth waste tailing in a match mode to form a vegetation restoring combination. Ecological landscape and ecological system service functions of a waste land are restored by using the match and combination of different plants, the vegetation coverage is increased and the biodiversity index of a restored area is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the recovery technique in environmental ecology field, be specifically related to the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing.
Background technology
Rare earth element refers to that periodic table of chemical element Atom ordinal number is 57 to 71 lanthanum (La) series elements and scandium (Sc) element and yttrium (Y) element, the totally 17 kind elements similar to its character.Rare earth element, because of its active chemical property, is called as " industrial vitamin ", can be widely used in the fields such as industry, agricultural, electronics.Rare earth element is mainly present in Rare Earth Mine with the form of rare earth oxide or rare earth ion, wherein ion adsorption type rare earth ore is found at 20 century 70s, because its most of mineral deposit is positioned at southern china, therefore southern ion type rareearth ore is otherwise known as, there is scale large, bury the features such as shallow, easy exploitation, can exploit by pond leaching process, dump leaching method, original position leaching process.
Rare earth mining is to mine vegetation, soil, the destruction of underground water can have a strong impact on local ecotope, the environmental disruption that wherein southern ion type rareearth ore is subject in recovery process is particularly serious, in recovery process, cause the radioactive element of formation, heavy metal and fluorine, ammonia nitrogen and sulfate radical and a large amount of mine tailings, barren rock is piled up, heavy damage mine landforms and view, cause water and soil loss and landslide, having a strong impact on aquatic ecosystem, soil ecosystem and animals and human beings body are healthy, since the eighties in 20th century, approximately 1.91 hundred million tons of the mine tailings that rare earth mining is left over, a large amount of exploitation heavy damages of Rare Earth Mine mine landforms and view, cause water and soil loss and landslide, having a strong impact on the balance of Mine ecology system, therefore restoration of the ecosystem is carried out in the mining area being damaged just seems particularly urgent.
Vegetation is repaired the main body as restoration of the ecosystem, can extensively in contaminated mine tailing Ecological Restoration Project, find application.But the successful case that current vegetation is repaired southern ion type rareearth mine is less, only by the thicker soil moved in to improve the original of place mat, and by plant eucalyptus on soil moved in to improve the original, the alien species such as vetiver are realized vegetation reparation, yet this restorative procedure cannot change the soil property of matrix soil, and introduce alien species and can break the local ecological balance.Therefore select suitable plant species, reasonably combined this locality and alien species etc. to become the key that rare earth discarded tailing vegetation is repaired.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing, by recovering abandoned land ecoscape and ecosystem service function by the matched combined of different plants, increase vegetation coverage, improve recovery district biodiversity index, foundation can be for the restoration of the ecosystem pattern of promoting.
The present invention is achieved in that the vegetation restorative procedure in a kind of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing ore deposit, it is characterized in that the different plant constitution vegetation of collocation plantation are repaired combination on ion type rareearth discarded tailing, select the standard of plant to be: 1) to take eciophyte kind as main, guarantee that local ecosystem balance is unaffected; 2) select the floristics of multiple biotype, suitably introduce exotic tree species, be conducive to accelerate recovery and the succession of group; 3) select tolerance stronger, easily in extreme environment growth, the plant that root system is comparatively flourishing; 4), in conjunction with landscape effect and economic benefit, attentional selection commodity trees, build multiple recovery pattern, reach comprehensive ecological benefits.
Further preferably, it is wet-land pine tree+bamboo+awns that described vegetation is repaired combination, it is the combination of evergreen needle arbor, evergreen broadleaved shrub, perennial tall and big draft, this scheme is with quick recovering vegetation, it is object that rapid build is stablized the ecosystem, by introducing shrub and the draft of fast-growing pioneer tree species and native country resistance, build stope substrate vegetation, merge mutually with surrounding enviroment.
Further preferably, it is navel orange+awns+paspalum notatum that described vegetation is repaired combination, it is the combination of evergreen broadleaved shrub, perennial tall and big draft, perennial short and small draft, the configuration of this Scheme Choice economic plants and local high resistance draft, guaranteeing that quick recovering vegetation simultaneously, introduce economic plants---navel orange, realize recovery and the soil utilization of vegetation.
Further preferably, it is eucalyptus+awns+paspalum notatum that described vegetation is repaired combination, it is the combination of evergreen broad-leaved arbor, perennial tall and big draft, perennial short and small draft, the plant collocation that this scheme drought resistance is stronger, be beneficial in the growth of extreme habitat, take to plant the mode of eucalyptus and grass planting, fast quick-recovery surface vegetation, to improve soil and vegetation state.
Technique effect of the present invention: repair by soil, optionally woody plant wet-land pine tree, oil tea, eucalyptus and herbaceous plant awns, awns beanstalk, paspalum notatum are planted in collocation, vegetation is repaired the situation of latter two month, and vegetation growth is all right, and whole coverage rate has reached more than 90%.After reparation, the soil indices such as water content, the content of organic matter, total organic carbon, microbes biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen have had obvious improvement.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.
Vegetation plantation step of the present invention is as follows:
(1) descending grade is smooth, platform stable: the wide 30m of artificial ramming machine building for platform outward flange, exceed the soil property ridge that the about 30cm of platform end face design altitude, the building degree of depth are not less than 20cm, and in sandbag or the protection of concrete tracery wall for platform surface, prevent erosion;
(2) drainage system: follow principle transversal, tandem, generally along single-stage platform trailing edge, arrange transverse cutting ditch, the multi-stage platform edge placement of different elevation levels is longitudinally got in touch with drain ditch, administers rainwash in district and cuts drainage network finally discharged to administering hypsography low-lying place, district or peripheral natural cheuch by what intersect in length and breadth;
(3) retaining wall is set, makes the mine tailing district of vegetation reparation in relatively closed interval.
(4) repair mine tailing Surface mulch soil moved in to improve the original, thick approximately 5 cm of soil moved in to improve the original.
(5) on soil moved in to improve the original, make kind of a plant hole, it is square planting plant hole, back-filling in layers fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and soil moved in to improve the original in cave.Fertilizer is dry cow dung, thick 5cm; Inorganic fertilizer is composite fertilizer, and evenly let go in cave in 50～100 grams, every cave;
(6) plantation has been screened woody plant wet-land pine tree, oil tea, eucalyptus, bamboo or navel orange and herbaceous plant awns, awns beanstalk, paspalum notatum by mine vegetation repairing standard.
Wet-land pine tree cultivation: whole ground, large cave, cave specification 50 * 50 * 40cm, is placed on cave mound by cave.While planting, cave bottom application argol (or oil cake) Liang Bahe composite fertilizer one is (50-100g), and fertilizer is mixed evenly with soil moved in to improve the original, then covers soil moved in to improve the original 3-5cm, can start plantation.Selection of seedling is the annual one-level " land for growing field crops seedling " that leading thread requires 0.7cm, height of seedling 30-40cm.The overcast and rainy plantation of selection of seedling, does not hinder root, does not hinder stem, does not hinder the tip during lifting, for guaranteeing not dehydration of seedling, should lifting do " making beating " and process.While planting seedling, moistening soil moved in to improve the original buries shoot root, and long 2/3rds o'clock of the shoot root that bankets, gently carries nursery stock shoot root is unfolded, and gently treads, then bankets, then step on, and root system and soil are combined closely.Cover soil moved in to improve the original a little more than cave face, the depth of planting is generally than the dark 2--3 centimetre of the original native trace of Seedling rhizosphere.Wet-land pine tree plantation at 1 year domestic demand weeding, expand cave, loosen the soil, train the root and stem of certain plants 1-2 time, the time, in early summer or the autumn and winter Second Year depended on the circumstances.Cover tree dish with weeds, straw summer, notes in cave not ponding, prevents drowned root system, and crop of the same race, cuts and do not dig pine stump portion.
In all the other woody plants, the implantation methods of navel orange, eucalyptus and wet-land pine tree is basic identical, and it should be noted that and planting the land for growing field crops seedling height of seedling that oil tea selects is 30-50cm.
Bamboo cultivation: whole ground (requiring depth of soil preparation to be generally 30-35cm), selection high-quality bamboo seedling (are generally selected bamboo seedling age 1-3, dry green, thickness is moderate, clear bole height 1.0-1.5m, band whip 45-50cm, root system is complete, there are several whip buds, with microscler native ball, bamboo whip bamboo root all wraps in soil, and the high-quality bamboo seedling bandaging).Dig dibbling seedling.
Awns is transplanted: plant hoe excavation pitting for plant hole, the end, hole is sprinkled into composite fertilizer, fertilizer, covers thin soil moved in to improve the original on fertilizer; 5-6 bud is a root and stem of certain plants (clump), moves into pitting, and treads at surrounding soil moved in to improve the original.
Awns beanstalk is transplanted: breeding be take plant division as main, spring, before young leaves pumping, the rhizome with 2～3 Lao Ye is cut off, and after planting, separately becomes new strain.In cave, impose base manure, after cultivation, fully water, after pumping young leaves, let alone growth.
Paspalum notatum plantation: sowing choosing is sowed in spring or autumn sowing, it is the most suitable that temperature reaches 15 ℃ of above moistening weather sowings, after planting sooner or later respectively fills with water one time every day, to keep the moistening of topsoil.The growth rate in paspalum notatum seedling stage is comparatively slow, seedling a little less than, with the competitiveness of weeds a little less than, the weeds harm in seedling stage is comparatively serious.Therefore, before and after sowing, all should be specifically noted that management of weeds.
Embodiment 1:
According to wet-land pine tree 10%+ bamboo 24%+ awns 66% ratio, plant, the line space of wet-land pine tree is 1.5m * 1.5m, and wet-land pine tree and bamboo interplanting, plant row's bamboo between wet-land pine tree, plant row's Caulis Miscanthis floriduli between wet-land pine tree and bamboo again.
The situation of repairing latter two month by vegetation, vegetation growth is all right, and whole coverage rate has reached more than 90%.Vegetation is repaired front and repairs the contrast of soil indices after two months, can find out the remarkable improvement of vegetation reparation to soil quality.
Before vegetation is repaired: water content=9%, pH=4.93, the content of organic matter=2.41%, ammonium nitrogen=6.68(mg/kg), nitrate nitrogen=1.09(mg/kg), total organic carbon=1.95(g/kg), total nitrogen=0.47(g/kg), total phosphorus=0.01(g/kg), microbes biomass carbon=3.87 (mg/kg), microbial biomass nitrogen=1.08 (mg/kg).
After vegetation is repaired: water content=41%, pH=4.75, the content of organic matter=8.49%, ammonium nitrogen=3.25(mg/kg), nitrate nitrogen=0.76(mg/kg), total organic carbon=2.47(g/kg), total nitrogen=0.5(g/kg), total phosphorus=0.04(g/kg), microbes biomass carbon=6.77 (mg/kg), microbial biomass nitrogen=2.50 (mg/kg).
Embodiment 2:
According to 10% navel orange+23% awns beanstalk+67% paspalum notatum ratio, carry out vegetation reparation, navel orange spacing 2.0m * 2.0m, plants a line paspalum notatum between navel orange, middle a line awns beanstalk between paspalum notatum and navel orange.
By vegetation, repair the situation of latter two month, in fine fettle, whole coverage rate has reached more than 95% vegetation growth.Vegetation is repaired front and repairs the contrast of soil indices after two months, can find out the remarkable improvement of vegetation reparation to soil quality.
Before vegetation is repaired: water content=9%, pH=4.93, the content of organic matter=2.41%, ammonium nitrogen=6.68(mg/kg), nitrate nitrogen=1.09(mg/kg), total organic carbon=1.95(g/kg), total nitrogen=0.47(g/kg), total phosphorus=0.01(g/kg), microbes biomass carbon=3.87 (mg/kg), microbial biomass nitrogen=1.08 (mg/kg).
After vegetation is repaired: water content=32%, pH=4.63, the content of organic matter=6.87%, ammonium nitrogen=4.01(mg/kg), nitrate nitrogen=0.71(mg/kg), total organic carbon=2.97(g/kg), total nitrogen=0.63(g/kg), total phosphorus=0.03(g/kg), microbes biomass carbon=8.75 (mg/kg), microbial biomass nitrogen=2.05 (mg/kg).
Embodiment 3:
According to 10% eucalyptus+23% awns+67% paspalum notatum ratio, carry out vegetation plantation, eucalyptus spacing 1.5m * 1.5m, plants a line paspalum notatum between eucalyptus, middle a line awns between eucalyptus and paspalum notatum.
By vegetation, repair the situation of latter two month, in fine fettle, whole coverage rate has reached more than 95% vegetation growth.Vegetation is repaired front and repairs the contrast of soil indices after two months, can find out the remarkable improvement of vegetation reparation to soil quality.
Before vegetation is repaired: water content=9%, pH=4.93, the content of organic matter=2.41%, ammonium nitrogen=6.68(mg/kg), nitrate nitrogen=1.09(mg/kg), total organic carbon=1.95(g/kg), total nitrogen=0.47(g/kg), total phosphorus=0.01(g/kg), microbes biomass carbon=3.87 (mg/kg), microbial biomass nitrogen=1.08 (mg/kg).
After vegetation is repaired: water content=39%, pH=4.66, the content of organic matter=8.05%, ammonium nitrogen=4.01(mg/kg), nitrate nitrogen=0.94(mg/kg), total organic carbon=2.35(g/kg), total nitrogen=0.63(g/kg), total phosphorus=0.04(g/kg), microbes biomass carbon=8.85 (mg/kg), microbial biomass nitrogen=5.50 (mg/kg).
Claims (10)
1. a vegetation restorative procedure for southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing, is characterized in that the different plant constitution vegetation of collocation plantation are repaired combination on ion type rareearth discarded tailing, selects the standard of plant to be: 1) to take eciophyte kind as main; 2) select the floristics of multiple biotype, suitably introduce exotic tree species; 3) select tolerance stronger, easily in extreme environment growth, the plant that root system is comparatively flourishing.
2. the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing according to claim 1, is characterized in that it is the combination of evergreen needle arbor, evergreen broadleaved shrub, perennial tall and big draft that described vegetation is repaired combination.
3. the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing according to claim 1, is characterized in that it is the combination of evergreen broadleaved shrub, perennial tall and big draft, perennial short and small draft that described vegetation is repaired combination.
4. the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing according to claim 1, is characterized in that it is the combination of evergreen broad-leaved arbor, perennial tall and big draft, perennial short and small draft that described vegetation is repaired combination.
5. the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing according to claim 2, is characterized in that it is wet-land pine tree+bamboo+awns that described vegetation is repaired combination.
6. the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing according to claim 3, is characterized in that it is navel orange+awns+paspalum notatum that described vegetation is repaired combination.
7. the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing according to claim 4, is characterized in that it is eucalyptus+awns+paspalum notatum that described vegetation is repaired combination.
8. the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing according to claim 5, it is characterized in that planting according to wet-land pine tree 10%+ bamboo 24%+ awns 66% ratio, the line space of wet-land pine tree is 1.5m * 1.5m, wet-land pine tree and bamboo interplanting, be between wet-land pine tree, to plant row's bamboo, between wet-land pine tree and bamboo, plant again row's Caulis Miscanthis floriduli.
9. the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing according to claim 6, it is characterized in that carrying out vegetation reparation according to 10% navel orange+23% awns beanstalk+67% paspalum notatum ratio, navel orange spacing 2.0m * 2.0m, plants a line paspalum notatum between navel orange, middle a line awns beanstalk between paspalum notatum and navel orange.
10. the vegetation restorative procedure of southern ion type rareearth discarded tailing according to claim 7, it is characterized in that carrying out vegetation plantation according to 10% eucalyptus+23% awns+67% paspalum notatum ratio, eucalyptus spacing 1.5m * 1.5m, plants a line paspalum notatum between eucalyptus, middle a line awns between eucalyptus and paspalum notatum.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN105580684A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-18 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Tailing dam plant remediation cultivation method |
| CN106718607A (en) * | 2017-01-15 | 2017-05-31 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of method that utilization wet-land pine tree container seedling directly repairs metal abandoned mine slag muck |
| CN106879272A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-06-23 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | A kind of method of tailings storehouse ecological recovery |
| CN107047173A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-08-18 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of method that utilization shrub lespedeza container seedling quickly repairs southern metal tail sand storage |
| CN107241931A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-13 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Method for ecological restoration of ionic rare earth mine field |
| CN108243854A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-06 | 国家地质实验测试中心 | A kind of greening method in discarded ion type rareearth mining area |
| CN109197302A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-01-15 | 国家地质实验测试中心 | A kind of implantation methods of method blueberry that discarding ion type rareearth mining area using blueberry reparation |
| CN109987973A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-09 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of awns beanstalk lime-ash RE microbial fertilizer and the application of the method and its production producing RE microbial fertilizer using rehabilitation plant awns beanstalk |
| CN111515242A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-08-11 | 江西省核工业地质局二六四大队 | Method for repairing rare earth mine by using slash pine and iron dicranopteris pedata |
| CN111715688A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around mine |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105580684A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-05-18 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Tailing dam plant remediation cultivation method |
| CN105580684B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-10-02 | 湖南省林业科学院 | A kind of tail sand bar phytoremediation cultural method |
| CN107047173A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-08-18 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of method that utilization shrub lespedeza container seedling quickly repairs southern metal tail sand storage |
| CN106718607A (en) * | 2017-01-15 | 2017-05-31 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of method that utilization wet-land pine tree container seedling directly repairs metal abandoned mine slag muck |
| CN106879272A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-06-23 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | A kind of method of tailings storehouse ecological recovery |
| CN106879272B (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2019-09-20 | 深圳市铁汉生态环境股份有限公司 | A kind of method of tailings library ecological recovery |
| CN107241931A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-13 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Method for ecological restoration of ionic rare earth mine field |
| CN108243854A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-06 | 国家地质实验测试中心 | A kind of greening method in discarded ion type rareearth mining area |
| CN109197302A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-01-15 | 国家地质实验测试中心 | A kind of implantation methods of method blueberry that discarding ion type rareearth mining area using blueberry reparation |
| CN108243854B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2020-09-25 | 国家地质实验测试中心 | Greening method for waste ionic rare earth mining area |
| CN109987973A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-09 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of awns beanstalk lime-ash RE microbial fertilizer and the application of the method and its production producing RE microbial fertilizer using rehabilitation plant awns beanstalk |
| CN109987973B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2022-08-26 | 南京师范大学 | Method for producing rare earth micro-fertilizer by using remediation plant dicranopteris pedata, dicranopteris pedata ash rare earth micro-fertilizer produced by method and application of dicranopteris pedata ash rare earth micro-fertilizer |
| CN111515242A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-08-11 | 江西省核工业地质局二六四大队 | Method for repairing rare earth mine by using slash pine and iron dicranopteris pedata |
| CN111715688A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for reducing diffusion of heavy metal pollution in soil around mine |
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Application publication date: 20141203 |