CN104221525B - A kind of method of rare earth tailings quick recovering vegetation - Google Patents
A kind of method of rare earth tailings quick recovering vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104221525B CN104221525B CN201410441886.3A CN201410441886A CN104221525B CN 104221525 B CN104221525 B CN 104221525B CN 201410441886 A CN201410441886 A CN 201410441886A CN 104221525 B CN104221525 B CN 104221525B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method of rare earth tailings quick recovering vegetation.The technology such as the present invention devises "T"-shaped retaining ditch, enriches water-loss reducer, the covering of tree dish strengthen rare earth tailings retaining water retention capacity, to defend seasonal drought; And adopt pulse family and gramineous plants intercropping, living beings also the measure such as field increase the improvement of soil fertility of covered ground, reinforced rare earth tailings.Can accomplish plant stand seedling fast, grow prosperous, survival rate is high, significantly improves the effect of rare earth tailings revegetation; Simultaneously soil quality be improved significantly, ensure that the continuing health growth of cover plant and economic fruit-bearing forest sapling.Vegetation survival rate of the present invention higher than 90%, year dry matter production than single cropping gramineae grass plant dry matter production increase about 70%, the growth rate of economic fruit-bearing forest seedling is than routine techniques increase about 10%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mine ecological restoration and tailings Treatment process field, particularly relate to the technology of a kind of fast quick-recovery vegetation on southern RE ore district tailings.
Background technology
In south China ion type rareearth mining area and Lower Reaches thereof, the vegetation deterioration that mining causes, water and soil loss, water and soil pollution phenomenon make us startling, and the improvement to rare earth minery, source especially rare earth tailings is strengthened in the task of top priority.The exploitation and control in southern RE ore district comprises two basic links.First being take engineering measure, by building sediment storage dam, effectively controlling to let out under tailings; Land control is carried out to place, builds bench terrace along contour.Next takes biological control measure, mainly the economic fruit-bearing forest of terrace cropping (as navel orange, red shaddock, batch etc.), before economic fruit tree grows up and grows into forest, cover to increase ground vegetation in exposed terraced fields interplanting shrub or careless class, minimizing water and soil loss.The pH existed for rare earth tailings is low, nutrient is barren, structural difference and the Main Barrier Factors such as fertilizer conservation water retention capacity is weak, current rare earth tailings technology for recovering vegetation research and development relate generally to the selection of cover plant kind and two aspects prepared by soil conditioner, the cover plant of plantation has two classes usually: the gramineae grass of strong stress resistance is (as perennial ryegrass, paspalum notatum, vetiver etc.) and the leguminous plant of fixed nitrogen (as Vigna sinensis sari Va, rice bean, shrub lespedeza etc.), the use of soil conditioner is generally spread fertilizer over the fields lime, deep placement fertilizer, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, mend nitrogen fertilizer application, usually according to the land occupation condition of rare earth tailings, these two aspects technology combined and form various concrete technology for recovering vegetation system.Still the problem such as ubiquity plant emergence difficulty, poor growth, late growing stage degeneration, survival rate not high (general < 50%) in current rare earth tailings revegetation practice, therefore, economic fruit-bearing forest is built the garden initial stage and is carried out applying of revegetation very limited (< 10%), seriously constrains the exploitation and control process of rare earth tailings.Trace it to its cause and mainly relate to the following aspects: technology for recovering vegetation is ignored moisture guarantee or do not taked practical ways, because seasonal drought is frequent, cause plant emergence and growth retardation; The tailings revegetation initial stage focuses on fertilizers input, and ignores the management of revegetation process of growth, affects vegetation growth.Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention be exactly for above-mentioned situation provide a kind of emerge fast, grow prosperous, that survival rate is high, soil fertility is cumulative technology for recovering vegetation.
Object of the present invention realizes by following scheme, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) ditch wholely: the newly-ploughed terraced fields on rare earth tailings, inside terraced fields and between every two saplings, center line excavates medial sulcus and middle duct respectively; In medial sulcus, retain one section of soil body to cut off medial sulcus in each sapling perpendicular to the position of medial sulcus; Middle duct and medial sulcus through, form "T"-shaped retaining ditch; After ditch digs, be bulldozed the rib of ditching and piling up, leveling terrace surface; (2) ditching-fertilizing:
After Land leveling, excavate plantation ditch around sapling in " Jiong " shape, " Jiong " shape opening is towards side slope; Along plantation ditch bar organic fertilizer 7500 ~ 15000kg/hm
2, the basic matterial 300 ~ 450kg/hm such as limestone powder or alkaline residue
2, cover skim soil; The content of row replacement available nutrient is again the composite fertilizer 120 ~ 225kg/hm of 45 ~ 50% subsequently
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 300 ~ 450kg/hm
2, water-loss reducer 30 ~ 60kg/hm
2, then cover skim soil;
(3) plant between drilling:
Select advantage gramineae grass plant and leguminous plant as cover plant, mutual intercropping; Two Plants are arranged in " Jiong " shape;
(4) manage and protect and cradle.
In the present invention retaining ditch be "T"-shaped layout, plantation ditch in " Jiong " shape arrange.Plantation ditch preferably two or more, be convenient to intercropping cover plant, quantity and line-spacing can be determined according to specific circumstances.
The plant of gramineae grass described in the present invention includes but not limited to paspalum notatum, and leguminous plant includes but not limited to Vigna sinensis sari Va.
Wherein step (4) is specially: cover plant cradles 2 times in 1 year, is respectively to cut blue or green 1 time in mid-July and early September, and the cobalt blue pigment cut off July coils cladding material usually used as tree; Green manure made by the cobalt blue pigment part cobalt blue pigment cut off September, and trench digging pressure is embedded in soil layer near sapling, and another part coils cladding material as tree.
The technology such as the present invention devises "T"-shaped retaining ditch, enriches water-loss reducer, the covering of tree dish strengthen rare earth tailings retaining water retention capacity, to defend seasonal drought; And adopt pulse family and gramineous plants intercropping, living beings also the measure such as field increase the improvement of soil fertility of covered ground, reinforced rare earth tailings.Practice shows, method of the present invention effectively can realize fast quick-recovery vegetation on the tailings of rare-earth mining area.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the newly-ploughed terraced fields method for quick recovering vegetation of rare earth tailings whole ground schematic diagram
1-sapling, 2-kind plants ditch (dotted line and solid line represent the plant that plantation is different), duct in 3-, 4-medial sulcus, the 5-soil body, the "T"-shaped retaining ditch of 6-.
Embodiment
(1) ditch wholely
As shown in Figure 1, newly-ploughed terraced fields on rare earth tailings, inside terraced fields and between two saplings 1 (spacing ~ 5m), center line excavates wide 40cm, dark 30cm Tu Gou, i.e. medial sulcus 4 and middle duct 3, and retain a segment length at terraced fields inner vertical in sapling part and be about the soil body 5 of 40cm to cut off medial sulcus 4, middle duct 3 is through with medial sulcus 4, is about 80cm apart from side slope ridge, often save ditch and form "T"-shaped retaining ditch 6, mutually cut off.If sapling spacing is less, then inside terraced fields, excavate "T"-shaped ditch every 5m, and make middle duct in the centre wherein between two saplings."T"-shaped ditch can prevent runoff erosion, and can effectively catching rain-water accumulating moisture in the soil.After ditch digs, be bulldozed the rib of ditching and piling up, leveling terrace surface.
(2) ditching-fertilizing
Plantation ditch 2 can be excavated after Land leveling.As shown in Figure 1, excavate plantation ditch around sapling in " Jiong " shape, line-spacing 40cm, be generally 4 row (sapling spacing is ~ 5m), specifically can appropriately adjust according to sapling spacing.Furrow width 15cm, dark 20cm.First along ditch bar organic fertilizer 7500 ~ 15000kg/hm
2, the basic matterial 300 ~ 450kg/hm such as limestone powder or alkaline residue
2, cover skim soil.Subsequently at bar sealing fertilizer (available nutrient content 45 ~ 50%) 120 ~ 225kg/hm
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 300 ~ 450kg/hm
2, water-loss reducer 30 ~ 60kg/hm
2, then cover skim soil.
(3) drilling intercropping
Select advantage gramineae grass plant (as paspalum notatum) and leguminous plant (as Vigna sinensis sari Va) as cover plant, mutual intercropping.Paspalum notatum seed broadcasts sowing along plantation ditch 2, consumption 75 ~ 105kg/hm
2or 4 ~ 8g/m (ditch is long); Vigna sinensis sari Va is along ditch program request, and spacing in the rows 22 ~ 25cm, often locates program request 2 ~ 3.After planting cover a thin sheet of soil.Because economic fruit-bearing forest seedling is generally planted in the side, near side (ns) slope of terraced fields, therefore two Plants arrange (Fig. 1) in " Jiong " shape.Leguminous plant nitrogen fixation is conducive to improvement of soil fertility, and gramineae grass can improve soil Fe availability, resistance of reverse is strong, does both sides all favourable, can avoid the late growing stage degenerate problem of single plant between two Plants.
(4) manage and protect and cradle
Due to rare earth tailings, to stack place place remote, after planting will note preventing some plant-eating animals as hare and birds gnawing seed or unearthed seedling.Cover plant emerged after the week, gave free rein to growth, without the need to managing and protecting especially.When the climing length of Vigna sinensis sari Va plant 50 ~ 70cm, paspalum notatum plant high ~ 50cm can cut green grass or young crops.Within 1 year, 2 times can be cradled, Vigna sinensis sari Va toothing 20cm, paspalum notatum toothing 5cm.Can respectively cut blue or green 1 time in mid-July (initial bloom stage) and early September, the cobalt blue pigment cut off July coils cladding material usually used as tree, is namely covered on the native face bottom sapling, can effectively preserves soil moisture; Green manure made by the cobalt blue pigment part cobalt blue pigment cut off September, and trench digging pressure is embedded in soil layer near sapling, and another part coils cladding material as tree.Paspalum notatum is perennial plant, cradles the stolon stayed for the last time and can sprout into new strain next year.Vigna sinensis sari Va is therophytes, retains a part of plant for the production of seed, sow for the coming year when first time or second time cradle.
Xinfeng rare earth tailings vegetation project application result shows, adopts the present invention to carry out rare earth tailings quick recovering vegetation, vegetation survival rate >90%; Year fresh biomass output reaches 29t/hm
2, amount to dry matter production 4.5t/hm
2, higher by about 70% than the dry matter production of single cropping grass family paspalum notatum, higher than the dry matter production of single cropping Vigna sinensis sari Va about 8%, and can effectively prevent late growing stage degradation phenomena; Economic fruit-bearing forest (red shaddock) seedling year growth rate than routine techniques increase about 10%; The soil organic matter after 2 years is increased to 3.8g/kg from 1.1g/kg, and pH brings up to 5.0 by 4.3.
Claims (3)
1. a method for rare earth tailings quick recovering vegetation, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) ditch wholely: the newly-ploughed terraced fields on rare earth tailings, inside terraced fields and between every two saplings, center line excavates medial sulcus and middle duct respectively; In medial sulcus, retain one section of soil body to cut off medial sulcus in each sapling perpendicular to the position of medial sulcus; Middle duct and medial sulcus through, form "T"-shaped retaining ditch; After ditch digs, be bulldozed the rib of ditching and piling up, leveling terrace surface;
(2) ditching-fertilizing:
After Land leveling, excavate plantation ditch around sapling in " Jiong " shape, " Jiong " shape opening is towards side slope; Along plantation ditch bar organic fertilizer 7500 ~ 15000kg/hm
2, limestone powder or alkaline residue 300 ~ 450kg/hm
2, cover skim soil; The content of row replacement available nutrient is again the composite fertilizer 120 ~ 225kg/hm of 45 ~ 50% subsequently
2, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 300 ~ 450kg/hm
2, water-loss reducer 30 ~ 60kg/hm
2, then cover skim soil;
(3) plant between drilling:
Select advantage gramineae grass plant and leguminous plant as cover plant, mutual intercropping; Two Plants are arranged in " Jiong " shape;
(4) manage and protect and cradle.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described gramineae grass plant and leguminous plant are paspalum notatum and Vigna sinensis sari Va respectively.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that step (4), is specially: cover plant cradles 2 times in 1 year, and respectively cut blue or green 1 time in mid-July and early September respectively, the cobalt blue pigment cut off July coils cladding material usually used as tree; Green manure made by the cobalt blue pigment part cobalt blue pigment cut off September, and trench digging pressure is embedded in soil layer near sapling, and another part coils cladding material as tree.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110583374A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-20 | 江西省核工业地质局二六四大队 | Method for repairing waste rare earth mine based on paspalum cultivation |
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| CN105230274B (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-03-27 | 谢庭生 | Granite red slight slope planting forage grass method |
| CN107047173B (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2019-07-30 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A method of quickly repairing southern copper ore tailings library using shrub lespedeza container seedling |
| CN110423175A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-08 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | For improveing the modifying agent composition and modifying agent of rare-earth tailing sand |
| CN112474790A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-03-12 | 江西农业大学 | Water and soil conservation ecological restoration method for rare earth tailings |
| CN115005019A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-06 | 江西省生态环境科学研究与规划院 | South ionic rare earth mining area green planting and breeding circulating agricultural system and construction method thereof |
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Address after: 210009, 5 new model street, Gulou District, Jiangsu, Nanjing Patentee after: Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Address before: 21 008 No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences |