CN108551953B - Method for inoculating cistanche salsa to atriplex canescens - Google Patents
Method for inoculating cistanche salsa to atriplex canescens Download PDFInfo
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- CN108551953B CN108551953B CN201810191386.7A CN201810191386A CN108551953B CN 108551953 B CN108551953 B CN 108551953B CN 201810191386 A CN201810191386 A CN 201810191386A CN 108551953 B CN108551953 B CN 108551953B
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- 244000236605 Atriplex canescens Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000008589 Atriplex canescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241000336315 Cistanche salsa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000336291 Cistanche deserticola Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 241000005787 Cistanche Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102000001999 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010040742 Transcription Factor Pit-1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000219305 Atriplex Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218671 Ephedra Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004670 Glycyrrhiza echinata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001453 Glycyrrhiza echinata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006200 Glycyrrhiza glabra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017382 Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000241838 Lycium barbarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015468 Lycium chinense Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000169546 Lycium ruthenicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000592344 Spermatophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940010454 licorice Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for inoculating cistanche salsa with atriplex canescens, which comprises the following steps: (1) planting atriplex canescens in spring in northwest arid desert area, wherein the afforestation nursery stock is 2-year-old atriplex canescens; (2) watering the atriplex canescens in time after field planting; in the initial stage of field planting, irrigating water once every 10-15 days, and continuously irrigating for 3-5 times; irrigating for 1 time or not in 7-10 months and for 1 time in 11 middle ten months according to weather conditions; watering twice in the second year only in months 4 and 11; (3) in spring or autumn of the third year after planting atriplex canescens, the seeds are firstly placed under the strong sun for over 8-10 h, then are placed in an incubator at 50 ℃ for treatment for 1h, and finally are placed in an incubator at 4 ℃ for treatment for 30 d; (4) inoculating cistanche deserticola by adopting a three-dimensional inoculation method, immediately irrigating water after inoculation, and irrigating water once again in 2-3 months. The invention has the advantages that: the atriplex canescens inoculation of cistanche salsa has higher inoculation survival rate and very strong operability and practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an inoculation method, in particular to a method for inoculating cistanche deserticola by atriplex canescens, and belongs to the technical field of development and utilization of plant resources.
Background
The arid desert regions in northwest China have the advantages of arid climate, little rain, strong evaporation, sparse vegetation and single type. According to statistics, the desert seed plants in China have 1704 varieties in total, belong to the 484 genus of 82 families, and respectively account for 24.34%, 15.53% and 6.31% of the families, the genera and the seeds of similar plants in China.
Although plants in desert regions are rare in variety and limited in number, they play an important role in promoting the socioeconomic development of arid desert regions.
The wild plant resources successfully developed and utilized in arid desert regions to obtain economic benefit include licorice, ephedra, cistanche, wolfberry fruit, Lycium ruthenicum and the like.
Since people rely on natural resources for a long time and almost exhaust wild resources, people begin to try to develop artificial cultivation technical research of wild plant resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for inoculating cistanche salsa with atriplex canescens, which has strong operability and practical value.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
the method for inoculating the cistanche deserticola to the atriplex canescens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: planting atriplex canescens in spring in northwest arid desert area, wherein the afforestation nursery stock is 2-year-old atriplex canescens seedling, and the afforestation is carried out while digging the seedling;
step 2: irrigating water in time after planting atriplex canescens; in the initial stage of field planting, irrigating water once every 10-15 days, and continuously irrigating for 3-5 times; after the root system of the atriplex canescens reaches a certain depth, irrigating for 1 time or not in 7-10 months and irrigating for 1 time in winter in 11 middle ten days according to weather conditions; filling water for the second year only twice in the months of 4 and 11; inoculating herba cistanches in the third year;
step 3: inoculating cistanche in spring or autumn, exposing cistanche seeds in the sun for more than 8-10 h, then placing the cistanche seeds in an incubator at 50 ℃ for treatment for 1h, and finally placing the cistanche seeds in an incubator at 4 ℃ for treatment for 30 d;
step 4: inoculating cistanche deserticola by adopting a three-dimensional inoculation method, and irrigating water once in time after inoculation and irrigating water once again in 2-3 months.
The method for inoculating the cistanche salsa to the atriplex canescens is characterized in that the atriplex canescens is selected from sandy loam-based land for field planting in Step 1.
The method for inoculating cistanche deserticola by atriplex canescens is characterized in that in Step1, the afforestation mode of the atriplex canescens is ditching afforestation, and the specific method is as follows:
leveling the land on the deeply ploughed sandy loam, then ditching on a flat land, wherein the ditch width is 40cm, the depth is 30cm, the ditch distance is 150cm, planting pits with the diameter of 30cm, the depth of 40cm and the plant distance of 150cm are dug on ridges, nursery stocks are placed in the planting pits, when the soil is buried to the height of a fixed value pit 2/3, the nursery stocks are pulled upwards a little, then treading is carried out, and then the soil is filled and treaded.
The method for inoculating cistanche deserticola to atriplex canescens is characterized in that in Step1, the forestation mode of atriplex canescens is flat land open pit forestation, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
leveling the land on the deeply ploughed sandy loam, digging a planting pit with the diameter of 30cm, the depth of 40cm and the plant-row spacing of 150cm × 150cm on a flat land, placing the nursery stock into the planting pit, burying the soil to a fixed pit height of 2/3, pulling the nursery stock upwards a little, treading the nursery stock, and filling and treading the soil.
The method for inoculating cistanche deserticola to atriplex canescens is characterized in that in Step2, if cistanche deserticola is inoculated in spring at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months, the spring water is irrigated after inoculation.
The method for inoculating cistanche deserticola to atriplex canescens is characterized in that cistanche deserticola seeds which are newly harvested in the previous year, have full seeds and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected in Step3 for treatment.
The method for inoculating cistanche deserticola by atriplex canescens is characterized in that in Step4, the operation of the stereoscopic inoculation method is as follows:
(1) digging a pit: digging a seed pit with the depth of 40-50 cm and the length and width of 30cm on the sunny side of the atriplex canescens plant from the main stem of the plant, and stacking the dug soil on one side of the seed pit;
(2) seed dressing: 0.05g of seeds are poured into 1kg of fine sand, and the seeds and the sand are mixed and stirred sufficiently to be mixed uniformly;
(3) broadcasting: uniformly spreading the mixed seeds on the surface of the soil heap, which is close to one side of the inoculation pit, by taking the top of the soil heap as a boundary;
(4) filling soil: filling soil into the inoculation pit from one side of the soil pile by hand, wherein the thickness of the soil is 10-15 cm, the seeds are distributed in each layer in the inoculation pit in a three-dimensional manner, the inoculation pit is filled with the residual soil on the ground until the soil is 15-20 cm away from the ground surface, and then treading is performed;
(5) watering: and watering the seed pit in time after the soil filling is finished.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the cistanche seeds are subjected to temperature-changing stratification treatment, and seed pits are watered in time, so that the cistanche has high survival rate, the income of farmers is increased, and the development of rural social economy is promoted;
2. a new entry point is found for the development and utilization of atriplex canescens plant resources, the field of the development and utilization of atriplex canescens is widened, and the atriplex canescens plant resource has great development potential in arid desert regions;
3. the whole inoculation method has strong operability and practical value, promotes the land improvement and vegetation recovery in the arid desert region, and has wide development prospect in the implementation of returning to the forest and recovering and utilizing the vegetation in the withdrawn farmland in the arid desert region.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of trench digging afforestation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a flat open pit forestation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the digging of an inoculation pit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
The method for inoculating cistanche salsa by atriplex canescens disclosed by the invention comprises the following two parts:
one-time field planting atriplex canescens
The arid desert regions in northwest China have dry climate, less rain, strong evaporation and sparse vegetation.
Atriplex canescens (Atriplex canescens) belongs to Chenopodiaceae Atriplex genus perennial quasi-evergreen shrubs, is a foreign introduced species, is originally produced in the midwestern plateau of the United states, has various excellent characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, saline-alkali resistance, barren resistance and the like, is palatable, can be used as grassland pasture, and can also be used for preventing wind, fixing sand and improving saline-alkali soil.
We choose atriplex canescens planted in the northwest arid desert area of China.
1. Planting field
The field planting method of atriplex canescens is characterized by that according to the growth habit of cistanche deserticola, the cistanche deserticola is generally grown on fixed semi-fixed sand dunes, so that the atriplex canescens can be field-planted in the soil whose sandy loam is mainly used.
2. Time of permanent planting
Atriplex canescens belongs to quasi-evergreen shrubs, and sprouts early in spring, so the atriplex canescens is planted in spring in arid regions, generally 4 months, 20-5 months and 10 days.
If the container seedlings are used, the seedlings can be planted in spring (generally 4-5 months) or autumn (generally 10-11 ten days).
In summer, the temperature is high and the humidity is low, so the field planting is not suitable.
3. Forestation
The afforestation mode of the atriplex canescens generally adopts the following steps: ditching for afforestation or digging pit on the flat ground for afforestation.
(1) Ditching afforestation
Referring to fig. 1, on the sandy loam land which is deeply ploughed, the land is leveled, then furrows are dug on flat ground, the width of the furrows is 40cm, the depth of the furrows is 30cm, the furrow distance is 150cm, planting pits are dug on ridges, the diameter of each planting pit is 30cm, the depth of each planting pit is 40cm, and the planting distance of each planting pit is 150cm × 150 cm.
The afforestation nursery stock is 2-year-old atriplex canescens seedling, the seedling is excavated and afforested, the nursery stock is placed in a planting pit, when soil is buried to the height of a fixed value pit 2/3, the nursery stock is pulled up a little, then trampled, and finally the soil is filled and trampled.
(2) Open pit afforestation on flat ground
Referring to fig. 2, on the deeply ploughed sandy loam, the land is leveled, and then planting pits with a diameter of 30cm, a depth of 40cm and a plant-row spacing of 150cm × 150cm are dug on flat ground.
And (3) afforesting the seedlings, namely 2-year-old atriplex canescens, digging the seedlings and afforesting the seedlings, putting the seedlings into the planting pits, burying soil to the height of the fixed value pit 2/3, pulling the seedlings upwards a little, treading the seedlings, and filling and treading the soil.
4. Nursery stock management
Timely irrigating after planting atriplex canescens, and irrigating enough water for the first time; and at the initial stage of field planting, irrigating water once every 10-15 days, and continuously irrigating for 3-5 times.
After the root system of the atriplex canescens reaches a certain depth (about 7 months later), the irrigation amount is reduced, irrigation is carried out for 1 time or no irrigation in 7-10 months according to the weather condition, and irrigation for 1 time in winter in 11 middle ten days is carried out. The atriplex canescens is barren in soil resistance, and does not need to be fertilized, weeds are removed at regular time, water is only irrigated twice in spring 4 months and autumn 11 months in the second year, inoculation can be carried out in the third year, and if the inoculation is carried out at the bottom of spring 4 months and in the first 5 months, the spring water can be irrigated after the inoculation.
Secondly, inoculating cistanche salsa
1. Time of inoculation
Cistanche salsa can be inoculated in spring or autumn.
The planting time in spring is generally from 4 months to 20 days to 5 months and 10 days.
The planting time in autumn is generally 10 months 1 day to 10 months 20 days.
2. Treating seeds
Selecting the cistanche seeds which are newly harvested in the previous year, have full seeds and have no diseases and insect pests.
The seeds are firstly placed in the burning sun for over 8-10 h to break the dormancy of the seeds and improve the activity of the seeds, and then the seeds are placed in an incubator at 50 ℃ for 1h and finally treated in an incubator at 4 ℃ for 30 d. The temperature-changing stratification treatment is carried out on the seeds, so that the activity of the seeds is excited, and the effect of accelerating germination is realized.
3. Inoculating cistanche salsa
The amount of the cistanche deserticola is relatively large, and the cistanche deserticola is inoculated by adopting a three-dimensional inoculation method, which is shown in figure 3 and comprises the following steps:
(1) digging a pit: and digging a seed pit with the depth of 40-50 cm and the length and width of 30cm on the sunny side of the atriplex canescens plant from the main stem of the plant, and piling the dug soil on one side of the seed pit.
(2) Seed dressing: 0.05g of seeds is poured into 1kg of fine sand, and the seeds and the sand are mixed and stirred sufficiently to be mixed uniformly.
(3) Broadcasting: and uniformly spreading the mixed seeds on the surface of the soil heap, which is close to one side of the inoculation pit, by taking the top of the soil heap as a boundary.
(4) Filling soil: filling soil into the inoculation pit from one side of the soil pile by hand with the thickness of 10-15 cm until the soil with the seeds is completely filled into the inoculation pit, enabling the seeds to be distributed in a three-dimensional manner in each layer in the inoculation pit, then filling the inoculation pit with the residual soil on the ground until the soil is filled to 15-20 cm away from the ground surface, and then treading tightly.
(5) Watering: and watering the planting pit in time after the soil is filled, so that the root system of the atriplex canescens can extend to the direction with good moisture condition, thus greatly improving the inoculation rate of the cistanche, which is a key link for improving the inoculation rate of the cistanche, and the water is poured thoroughly for the first time.
4. Post-vaccination management
And after inoculating the cistanche salsa, irrigating the cistanche salsa once in time, and irrigating the cistanche salsa once again in 2-3 months.
Case (2):
a place: civil sand plant garden
Time: 2016, 10 months, 15 days; year 2017, month 5 and day 3.
A flat land block mainly comprising sandy loam is selected in a civil sand plant garden for planting atriplex canescens, the planting distance of afforestation is 150 × 150cm, the afforestation is carried out while seedlings are dug, the afforestation seedlings are generally grown for 2 years, pits with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 40cm are dug, then the seedlings are placed in the planting pits, when the soil is buried to the height of 2/3 of the planting pits, the seedlings are pulled upwards a little, then the soil is filled, then the soil is treaded fully, water is timely filled, and then normal water and fertilizer management is given.
The cistanche salsa can be inoculated on the atriplex canescens after more than 2 years of field planting. Respectively inoculating cistanche salsa in 2016, 10 and 15 days and 2017, 5 and 3 days, and the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
digging a pit: digging a pit with the depth of 40-50 cm and the length and width of 30cm at the sunny side of the atriplex canescens plant, and stacking the dug soil at one side of the pit;
seed dressing: 0.05g of seeds are poured into 1kg of fine sand, and the seeds and the sand are mixed and stirred sufficiently to be mixed uniformly;
broadcasting: uniformly spreading the mixed seeds on the surface of the soil pile close to one side of the inoculation pit by taking the top of the dug soil pile as a boundary;
filling soil: filling soil into the inoculation pit from one side of the soil pile by hand, wherein the thickness of the soil is 10-15 cm, the seeds are distributed in each layer in the inoculation pit in a three-dimensional manner, the inoculation pit is filled with the residual soil on the ground until the soil is 15-20 cm away from the ground surface, and then treading is performed;
watering: watering in the inoculation pit in time after inoculation, wherein the water is required to be thoroughly watered for the first time.
According to observation, the survival rate of the cistanche inoculated in 2016 at 10 and 15 days reaches 45.0 percent, the survival rate of the cistanche inoculated in 2017 at 5 and 3 months reaches 78.2 percent, the survival rates are high, and the inoculation in spring is better.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for inoculating the cistanche deserticola to the atriplex canescens is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: planting atriplex canescens in spring in northwest arid desert area, wherein the afforestation nursery stock is 2-year-old atriplex canescens seedling, and the afforestation is carried out while digging the seedling;
step 2: irrigating water in time after planting atriplex canescens; in the initial stage of field planting, irrigating water once every 10-15 days, and continuously irrigating for 3-5 times; after the root system of the atriplex canescens reaches a certain depth, irrigating for 1 time or not in 7-10 months and irrigating for 1 time in winter in 11 middle ten days according to weather conditions; filling water for the second year only twice in the months of 4 and 11; inoculating herba cistanches in the third year;
step 3: inoculating cistanche in spring or autumn, exposing cistanche seeds in the sun for more than 8-10 h, then placing the cistanche seeds in an incubator at 50 ℃ for treatment for 1h, and finally placing the cistanche seeds in an incubator at 4 ℃ for treatment for 30 d;
step 4: inoculating cistanche deserticola by adopting a three-dimensional inoculation method, and irrigating water once in time after inoculation and irrigating water once again in 2-3 months;
wherein, in Step1, selecting a sandy loam-based land for field planting atriplex canescens, wherein the atriplex canescens afforestation mode is ditching afforestation or flat pit digging afforestation, and the specific method for ditching afforestation is as follows:
leveling the land on the deeply ploughed sandy loam, then ditching on a flat land, wherein the ditch width is 40cm, the depth is 30cm, the ditch distance is 150cm, planting pits with the diameter of 30cm, the depth of 40cm and the plant distance of 150cm are dug on ridges, nursery stocks are placed in the planting pits, when the soil is buried to the height of 2/3 cm, the nursery stocks are pulled up a little, then treaded down, and then the soil is filled and treaded down;
the flat pit-opening afforestation is concretely as follows:
leveling the land on the deeply ploughed sandy loam, then digging a planting pit with the diameter of 30cm, the depth of 40cm and the plant row spacing of 150cm × 150cm on a flat land, placing the nursery stock into the planting pit, burying the soil to a fixed pit height of 2/3, pulling the nursery stock upwards a little, then treading the nursery stock, and then fully filling the soil and treading the soil;
wherein, in Step2, if cistanche salsa is inoculated at the bottom of 4 months and at the beginning of 5 months in spring, the spring water is irrigated after inoculation;
wherein, in Step3, selecting newly harvested cistanche seeds with full seeds and no plant diseases and insect pests in the previous year for treatment;
in Step4, the operation of the three-dimensional inoculation method is specifically as follows:
(1) digging a pit: digging a seed pit with the depth of 40-50 cm and the length and width of 30cm on the sunny side of the atriplex canescens plant from the main stem of the plant, and stacking the dug soil on one side of the seed pit;
(2) seed dressing: 0.05g of seeds are poured into 1kg of fine sand, and the seeds and the sand are mixed and stirred sufficiently to be mixed uniformly;
(3) broadcasting: uniformly spreading the mixed seeds on the surface of the soil heap, which is close to one side of the inoculation pit, by taking the top of the soil heap as a boundary;
(4) filling soil: filling soil into the inoculation pit from one side of the soil pile by hand, wherein the thickness of the soil is 10-15 cm, the seeds are distributed in each layer in the inoculation pit in a three-dimensional manner, the inoculation pit is filled with the residual soil on the ground until the soil is 15-20 cm away from the ground surface, and then treading is performed;
(5) watering: and watering the seed pit in time after the soil filling is finished.
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| CN114793732A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Cultivation method for increasing planting survival rate of atriplex canescens in desert |
| CN114830972A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-02 | 山东省农业科学院 | Method for cultivating desert cistanche in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN1813512A (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2006-08-09 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Sacsaoul cistanche salsa artificial planting technique |
| CN101803519A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-08-18 | 石河子大学 | Cultivation method for inoculating cistanche salsa by using tamarix chinensis |
| CN102090255A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2011-06-15 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for artificially inoculating cistanche deserticola |
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| CN1813512A (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2006-08-09 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Sacsaoul cistanche salsa artificial planting technique |
| CN101803519A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2010-08-18 | 石河子大学 | Cultivation method for inoculating cistanche salsa by using tamarix chinensis |
| CN102090255A (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2011-06-15 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for artificially inoculating cistanche deserticola |
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