CN108650921A - A kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees - Google Patents
A kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN108650921A CN108650921A CN201810382310.2A CN201810382310A CN108650921A CN 108650921 A CN108650921 A CN 108650921A CN 201810382310 A CN201810382310 A CN 201810382310A CN 108650921 A CN108650921 A CN 108650921A
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- zanjon
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soil improvement methods to raise fruit trees, are related to technical field of land improvement, for solving the problems, such as that the existing soil organic matter content to raise fruit trees is low, fruit bearing rate is low.It includes A. green manurings：Soil is lain fallow, and biennium is crushed using nonoculture Green manuring method, crop rotation daghestan sweet clover and Vicia sativa and by the daghestan sweet clover of harvest and Vicia sativa, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow；B. soil is ploughed deeply：Soil in step A is ploughed deeply, the soil deep tillage depth is 60 90cm；C. it digs and makes high compartment Kuan Gou：With being divided into the strip that several width are 4.5m by the soil in step B, zanjon is excavated in the inside on every piece of strip ground, and the outside that the soil of zanjon is equably layered on to every piece of strip ground forms high compartment, by strip plane on the basis of ground level, zanjon depth 30cm, the high high 30cm in compartment.The present invention has the advantages that improve soil with organic matter content, is conducive to fruit tree fruiting, prevents damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, while raising fruit trees on high compartment, and wide ditch plantation shade tolerant crop improves land utilization ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of land improvement, more particularly to a kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees.
Background technology
The policy of China fruits industry development is " fruit tree go up a hill lower beach, do not strive ground with grain, cotton and oil ", this just determines China
Fruit tree is planted on hillside, mountain area, hills, sandy beach, tidal land and salt-soda soil.These general soil properties in place are more barren, structure not
Good and fertility is low, and specifically soil with organic matter content is low or extremely low, is unfavorable for the growth and development of fruit tree and fruit bearing rate
It is low.The northern China orchard soil content of organic matter is generally 1% hereinafter, southern orchard content of organic matter average out to 1% is left at present
The right side, these cannot all meet the nutrient needed for fruit tree growth.
In order to increase soil fertility, traditional agriculture planting process can long-term applying pesticides and chemical fertilizer, can not only cause soil
Fertility decline, productivity declines, while can also soil aggregate structure be made to be destroyed, and porosity becomes smaller, and unit weight increases, and water conservation is ventilative
Property reduce, make soil there are Accumulation of heavy metals, salination is serious the problems such as.
The green scientic planting view of development, make the ecological agriculture, plant green fruit advocating under, soil is changed
It is good, the land occupation condition suitable for fruit tree growth is provided, and improve the fruit bearing rate of fruit tree on this basis, improves Business Economic Benefit extremely
It closes important.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to：In order to solve, the existing soil organic matter content to raise fruit trees is low, fruit bearing rate is low asks
Topic, the present invention provide the soil improvement method suitable for planting fruit trees that a kind of content of organic matter is high, can improve fruit tree fruit bearing rate.
The present invention specifically uses following technical scheme to achieve the goals above：
A kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees, includes the following steps：
A. green manuring：Soil lies fallow biennium using nonoculture Green manuring method, and First Year of lying fallow sows grass April
Wooden slippers, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, and sows Vicia sativa November, harvest Vicia sativa and crush, press March
Blueness is in soil of lying fallow；Second year of lying fallow sows daghestan sweet clover April, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, 11
Month sowing Vicia sativa, March harvest Vicia sativa and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow；
B. soil is ploughed deeply：Soil in step A is ploughed deeply, the soil deep tillage depth is 60-90cm；
C. it digs and makes high compartment Kuan Gou：With being divided into the strip that several width are 4.5m by the soil in step B, in every piece of strip
The inside outside excavating zanjon, and the soil of zanjon is equably layered on to every piece of strip ground form high compartment, the zanjon with it is high
Compartment equal length, by strip plane on the basis of ground level, the zanjon depth 30cm, the high high 30cm in compartment.
Preferably, the application rate of the daghestan sweet clover is 1.5-2kg/ mus, and the daghestan sweet clover line-spacing is 15-20cm, the grass
The spacing in the rows of wooden slippers is 5-10cm.
Preferably, the application rate of the Vicia sativa is 1.5-2kg/ mus, and the Vicia sativa line-spacing is 20-30cm, the hair
The spacing in the rows of sweet potato is 5-10cm.
Preferably, the soil deep tillage depth is 80cm.
Preferably, the wide 2m of the zanjon, the high wide 2.5m in compartment.
The present invention selects annual daghestan sweet clover and Vicia sativa crop rotation as green manure, and annual daghestan sweet clover is adaptable, has
Drought resisting, cold-resistant, salt tolerant and barren-resistant advantage, and with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, fast growing and high yield, due to its well developed root system, production root amount is very high, adds
Upper dry branches and fallen leaves remaining and soil, so soil with organic matter content can be significantly improved；Meanwhile the rhizobium of annual daghestan sweet clover
Very much, the nitrogen in air can be fixed, therefore improvement soil texture can be played the role of, is built up fertility.Vicia sativa root mass is flourishing,
Be thick with leaves, Vicia sativa root system and root nodule can leave a large amount of organic matter and nitrogen manure to soil, therefore with infertile field of improving the soil,
Effect of increasing production significantly acts on.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1. the present invention is not planted in biennium of lying fallow different from conventional, but uses nonoculture Green manuring method, wheel
Make daghestan sweet clover and Vicia sativa and crush the daghestan sweet clover of harvest and Vicia sativa, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, it is buried that green manure is gone back to field, adopts
With soil with organic matter (OM), available nitrogen (AN), full nitrogen (TN), effective potassium (AK) and full phosphorus after soil improvement method of the present invention
(TP) content improves.For non-green manuring soil, wherein the content of organic matter improves 21.35g/kg, increases
181.9%.
2. the present invention ploughs deeply the soil after lying fallow, the underground raw-soil is rolled up to come, the buried underground of surface layer mellow soil, kind
It is convenient for fruit tree to absorb Soil Humus after planting fruit tree.
3. when raising fruit trees, the present invention is different from conventional level land plantation, is planted using the wide ditch in high compartment, is planted on high compartment
Fruit tree is planted, wide ditch plants shade tolerant crop, makes full use of soil, improves land utilization ratio, increases Business Economic Benefit；Using high compartment
Limit root raises fruit trees, and the fast-growth of k-index is conducive to fruit tree fruiting, improves fruit tree fruit yield；Zanjon is additionally favorable for draining
With prevent damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.
Specific implementation mode
In order to which those skilled in the art are better understood from the present invention, the present invention is made into one with reference to following embodiment
Step detailed description.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of soil improvement methods to raise fruit trees, include the following steps：
A. green manuring：Soil lies fallow biennium using nonoculture Green manuring method, and First Year of lying fallow sows grass April
Wooden slippers, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, and sows Vicia sativa November, harvest Vicia sativa and crush, press March
Blueness is in soil of lying fallow；Second year of lying fallow sows daghestan sweet clover April, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, 11
Month sowing Vicia sativa, March harvest Vicia sativa and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow；Wherein the application rate of daghestan sweet clover is 1.5kg/ mus,
The daghestan sweet clover line-spacing is 15cm, and the spacing in the rows of the daghestan sweet clover is 5cm；The application rate of the Vicia sativa is 1.5kg/ mus, described
Vicia sativa line-spacing is 20cm, and the spacing in the rows of the Vicia sativa is 5cm.
B. soil is ploughed deeply：Soil in step A is ploughed deeply, soil deep tillage depth is 70cm.
C. it digs and makes high compartment Kuan Gou：With being divided into the strip that several width are 4.5m by the soil in step B, in every piece of strip
The inside outside excavating zanjon, and the soil of zanjon is equably layered on to every piece of strip ground form high compartment, the zanjon with it is high
Compartment equal length, the wide 2m of zanjon, the high wide 2.5m in compartment, by strip plane on the basis of ground level, the zanjon are deep
30cm, the high high 30cm in compartment.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of soil improvement methods to raise fruit trees, include the following steps：
A. green manuring：Soil lies fallow biennium using nonoculture Green manuring method, and First Year of lying fallow sows grass April
Wooden slippers, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, and sows Vicia sativa November, harvest Vicia sativa and crush, press March
Blueness is in soil of lying fallow；Second year of lying fallow sows daghestan sweet clover April, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, 11
Month sowing Vicia sativa, March harvest Vicia sativa and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow；Wherein the application rate of daghestan sweet clover is 1.7kg/ mus,
The daghestan sweet clover line-spacing is 16cm, and the spacing in the rows of the daghestan sweet clover is 10cm；The application rate of the Vicia sativa is 2kg/ mus, the hair
Sweet potato line-spacing is 30cm, and the spacing in the rows of the Vicia sativa is 5cm.
B. soil is ploughed deeply：Soil in step A is ploughed deeply, soil deep tillage depth is 80cm.
C. it digs and makes high compartment Kuan Gou：With being divided into the strip that several width are 4.5m by the soil in step B, in every piece of strip
The inside outside excavating zanjon, and the soil of zanjon is equably layered on to every piece of strip ground form high compartment, the zanjon with it is high
Compartment equal length, the wide 2m of zanjon, the high wide 2.5m in compartment, by strip plane on the basis of ground level, the zanjon are deep
30cm, the high high 30cm in compartment.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of soil improvement methods to raise fruit trees, include the following steps：
A. green manuring：Soil lies fallow biennium using nonoculture Green manuring method, and First Year of lying fallow sows grass April
Wooden slippers, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, and sows Vicia sativa November, harvest Vicia sativa and crush, press March
Blueness is in soil of lying fallow；Second year of lying fallow sows daghestan sweet clover April, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, 11
Month sowing Vicia sativa, March harvest Vicia sativa and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow；Wherein the application rate of daghestan sweet clover is 2kg/ mus, institute
It is 18cm to state daghestan sweet clover line-spacing, and the spacing in the rows of the daghestan sweet clover is 7cm；The application rate of the Vicia sativa is 1.5kg/ mus, the hair
Sweet potato line-spacing is 24cm, and the spacing in the rows of the Vicia sativa is 7cm.
B. soil is ploughed deeply：Soil in step A is ploughed deeply, soil deep tillage depth is 90cm.
C. it digs and makes high compartment Kuan Gou：With being divided into the strip that several width are 4.5m by the soil in step B, in every piece of strip
The inside outside excavating zanjon, and the soil of zanjon is equably layered on to every piece of strip ground form high compartment, the zanjon with it is high
Compartment equal length, the wide 2m of zanjon, the high wide 2.5m in compartment, by strip plane on the basis of ground level, the zanjon are deep
30cm, the high high 30cm in compartment.
Comparative example
Comparative example is without any processing in biennium of lying fallow, and planting fruit trees are directly carried out after lying fallow 2 years.
Inventor takes the Chengdu Qingbaijiang District old courtyards Peng Jia to lie fallow 2 years non-green manurings (comparative example) and this reality respectively
The soil test content of organic matter of a green manuring is applied, sampling method uses lattice method, takes a point per 40m, then mixes
Close uniform, sieving processing.Test result is as shown in table 1, and wherein organic matter (OM) content uses K2Cr2O7Volumetric method, available nitrogen
(AN) use alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, full nitrogen (TN) that Micro-kjoldahl method, effective potassium (AK) is used to extract flame using ammonium acetate
Photometry, full phosphorus (TP) use molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.
The soil with organic matter content of 1 non-green manuring of table and green manuring of the present invention tests table
As shown in Table 1, have in soil after the old courtyards Chengdu Qingbaijiang District Peng Jia are using soil improvement method of the present invention
Machine matter (OM), available nitrogen (AN), full nitrogen (TN), effective potassium (AK) and full phosphorus (TP) content improve.Compared to non-green manuring
Comparative example for, wherein content of organic matter mean value improves 21.35g/kg, increases by 181.9%, illustrate use soil of the present invention
Soil with organic matter (OM), available nitrogen (AN), full nitrogen (TN), effective potassium (AK) and full phosphorus (TP) content are notable after modification method
It improves.
Inventor plants in the Chengdu Qingbaijiang District old courtyards Peng Jia respectively on the soil of the embodiment of the present invention 2 and comparative example
Peach is planted, the technique all same of the method and processing peach of peach is planted, difference is to be covered on the zanjon of the embodiment of the present invention 2
Kind has the shade tolerant medicinal material tuber of pinellia, radix bupleuri and the coptis.It is as follows to plant peach method：Peach seedling is planted respectively with seeding row spacing 2m × 5m
On the high compartment of the present invention and on the soil of comparative example；Each 30cm of the wide depth of planting pit, peach seedling are put into and fill out after making root system in order
Soil；Fertilizing management, field planting peach seedling applied organic fertilizer using 4300kg per acre and adulterated 55kg composite fertilizers as base before 15 days
Fertilizer, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium ratio be：1.2：0.45：1.5：1.65：0.35；From germination, peach seedling is carried out
It top dressing and pours water three times；Trimming and finishing, peach are planted using Y types, are done surely after peach field planting, beam length 55cm, two
Major branch and trunk are repaiied at " Y " font except other branches on trunk, peach growth period, and it is more than trunk to trim diameter in time
The newborn branch of diameter half；Trimming takes cutting back to be combined with thin delete；Sick branch is removed in the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, winter clear garden, trimming
Leaf；Trunk whitewashing before and after the Beginning of Winter；Bacterial nutrient solution is sprayed before spring rudiment.
Further, to the progress of peach seedling, top dressing and the time poured water are respectively three times during the fertilizing management：Hair
When bud length 10cm, pours water and carry out first time topdressing, the quick-acting fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer is imposed with every plant of 0.4kg；Hua Qian
Secondary top dressing imposes the three element compound fertilizer based on potash fertilizer with every plant of 2kg；Late August to early September bears fruit 15 before bagging
It, pours water and carries out third time top dressing, the quick-acting flushing and spreading fertilizers of high potassium are imposed with every plant of 0.55kg.
Further, the top dressing three times of the fertilizing management, first time topdressing uses perforated method, i.e., under peach tree crown
The hole of six depth 15cm is dug, and inserts fertilizer, watering；For the second time and third time top dressing uses radial canal method, i.e., apart from peach
Trunk position 60cm to be set, narrow outer width in six is equably dug to tree crown periphery, interior shallow outer deep shallow ridges applies fertilizer in ditch,
Banketing, it is flat to cover, watering.Radial canal method, that is, radial ditching-fertilizing will mix thoroughly after fertilising with soil, and fertilizer point can be made to be deep to 40cm, earthing
After water.It is few that this fertilizing method hinders root, root system can be promoted to absorb.When applying fertilizer again, the position of ditch should be staggered.Naturally raw in this way
The root system optimum growh space enlargement of the peach of a length of shallow root system, to greatly improve the resistance of tree body.
Further, which sets anti-grass cloth, leads to every time in soil surface bedding anti-grass cloth after fertilising
Gland and the isolation illumination of anti-grass cloth are crossed to inhibit weed growth, absorbs nutrition to ensure in peach growth course.
Inventor is compared with the plantation result for the peach planted on the soil of the embodiment of the present invention 2 and comparative example respectively,
With 50 for radix, in survival rate, rhizome amount ratio, limb stem thickness, the same year result quantities, bear fruit for the first time on time and disease conditions
It compares, comparing result is as shown in table 2.
The comparative situation table of 2 present invention of table and comparative example plantation peach
As seen from the above table, the peach survival rate 100% of soil improvement method plantation of the present invention, is higher than comparative example；The present invention
Soil on 2 years fruitings of peach for planting, for 3 years fruitings of conventional peach, soil improvement method of the present invention makes peach
Tree shortens the fruiting time limit；For conventional land leveling plants peach per mu yield 1.5t peaches, the peach planted on soil of the invention
Per mu yield reaches 2t peaches, and fruit bearing rate improves 33.3%.
The above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention, patent protection model of the invention
It encloses and is subject to claims, equivalent structure variation made by every description with the present invention should all include similarly
Within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
A. green manuring：Soil lies fallow biennium using nonoculture Green manuring method, and First Year of lying fallow sows vegetation April
Sweet-scented osmanthus, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow, and sows Vicia sativa November, harvest Vicia sativa and crush, green manuring March
In soil of lying fallow；Lie fallow second year in April sow daghestan sweet clover, September harvest daghestan sweet clover and crush, green manuring is soil of lying fallow, November
Sow Vicia sativa, March harvest Vicia sativa and crush, green manuring is in soil of lying fallow；
B. soil is ploughed deeply：Soil in step A is ploughed deeply, the soil deep tillage depth is 60-90cm；
C. it digs and makes high compartment Kuan Gou：With being divided into the strip that several width are 4.5m by the soil in step B, in every piece of strip
Zanjon is excavated in side, and the outside that the soil of zanjon is equably layered on to every piece of strip ground forms high compartment, and the zanjon and high compartment are long
Spend equal, by strip plane on the basis of ground level, the zanjon depth 30cm, the high high 30cm in compartment.
2. a kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The daghestan sweet clover is broadcast
Kind amount is 1.5-2kg/ mus, and the daghestan sweet clover line-spacing is 15-20cm, and the spacing in the rows of the daghestan sweet clover is 5-10cm.
3. a kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Vicia sativa is broadcast
Kind amount is 1.5-2kg/ mus, and the Vicia sativa line-spacing is 20-30cm, and the spacing in the rows of the Vicia sativa is 5-10cm.
4. a kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The soil deep tillage is deep
Degree is 80cm.
5. a kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The wide 2m of zanjon,
The wide 2.5m in high compartment.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810382310.2A CN108650921A (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2018-04-26 | A kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees |
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| CN201810382310.2A CN108650921A (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2018-04-26 | A kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees |
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| CN111357420A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-03 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil plant planting improvement method |
| CN112106601A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-22 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for interplanting green manure in coastal saline-alkali soil orchard |
| CN113940241A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-18 | 山西省药品审评中心 | Cultivation method for ecological control of radix bupleuri |
| RU2775576C1 (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-07-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет имени И.Т. Трубилина" | Method for soil maintenance in spacings and rows of fruit plantations (options) |
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