CN113940241A - Cultivation method for ecological control of radix bupleuri - Google Patents
Cultivation method for ecological control of radix bupleuri Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of economic crop cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for ecological control of bupleurum. The method comprises the steps of soaking bupleurum seeds by using sugar chain vaccines, interplanting the bupleurum by selecting spring-sowed sorghum, covering degradable black ecological grass-prevention cloth between sorghum lines, drilling the bupleurum on two sides of the grass-prevention cloth, broadcasting the bupleurum on the sorghum planting lines, continuously spraying the plant sugar chain vaccines in the stem-drawing and node-removing period of the bupleurum, and performing topping treatment in the second and third years of planting. The combined grass control method utilizes the complementary advantages of the high-stalk crops and the radix bupleuri, improves the reasonable distribution of photo-thermal resources, increases the diversity of soil environments, inhibits the growth of weeds, and ensures the emergence of seedlings and the yield of the radix bupleuri; meanwhile, by utilizing the grass control, growth promotion and disease prevention effects of the ecological grass prevention cloth and the sugar chain vaccine, the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides is effectively reduced, ecological planting and green development are realized, and the ecological grass prevention cloth and sugar chain vaccine accord with the development direction of ecological planting of medicinal plants at home and abroad.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of economic crop cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for ecological control of bupleurum.
Background
Bupleurum chinense DC is also called as northern Bupleurum chinense, is a perennial herb of the family Umbelliferae, has the efficacy of soothing liver, abating fever and raising yang by using roots as a medicine, is a large variety of Chinese medicinal materials commonly used in China, and is mainly produced in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Gansu and other places. At present, wild resources of the bupleurum are gradually reduced, and artificial cultivation products become a main source of the market of raw materials of the bupleurum. The method is mainly used for seed propagation in the cultivation of bupleurum, seedlings emerge in the field about 2 months after sowing, but because the growth of bupleurum seedlings is slow, weeds growing rapidly in the seedling stage of bupleurum become one of the main factors which seriously affect the yield of bupleurum in the cultivation management. Meanwhile, a series of bottleneck problems which restrict the formation of high-quality medicinal materials, such as single planting mode, unreasonable fertilizer application, low production standardization, uneven quality level of the medicinal materials and the like, generally exist in the planting process of the radix bupleuri, and the improvement of the planting benefit of the radix bupleuri is severely restricted.
In actual production, a soil sealing agent is usually used to reduce the influence of phytotoxicity, but phytotoxicity of different degrees such as seedling leaf sagging, softening, thinning, yield reduction and the like can be brought to the radix bupleuri to influence the growth and the quality of the radix bupleuri, and the traditional manual weeding mode wastes labor and force and increases a lot of planting cost. Therefore, the invention aims to provide the ecological bupleurum herb control method for solving the problem of low emergence rate and serious weed damage of bupleurum in the prior art. The seed soaking treatment by adopting the plant sugar chain vaccine is beneficial to improving the emergence rate of the bupleurum seeds and reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests; scientific interplanting of high-stalk crops can provide proper shading for the bupleurum in the seedling stage, simultaneously can improve the reasonable distribution of photo-thermal resources, increase the diversity of soil environment and be beneficial to the growth of the bupleurum; the ecological grass prevention cloth can inhibit the growth of weeds, reduce the cost of controlling the weeds and is beneficial to increasing the yield and income.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a cultivation method for ecological grass control of bupleurum, which creates an ecological environment suitable for growth and development of bupleurum and produces high-quality green bupleurum by combining the use of agricultural prevention and control measures such as plant carbohydrate chain vaccine, ecological grass prevention cloth and the like based on the physiological and biological characteristics of the bupleurum.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for ecological control of bupleurum comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage and soil pH of 6-7, preferably using leguminous, gramineae and overground part as the former crop, avoiding continuous cropping, and harvesting every 667m after the former crop in autumn2Applying 1500 kg-2000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, mechanically deep ploughing for more than 30cm, and performing surface soil operation before sowing;
(2) seed selection: selecting a new bupleurum species with high quality, dryness and full and mature seeds by adopting an air separation method; selecting a high-yield and high-quality sorghum variety suitable for local planting;
(3) treatment of bupleurum seeds: soaking the air-separated bupleurum seeds in the plant sugar chain vaccine before sowing, and airing for later use;
(4) and (3) sowing sorghum: selecting spring sowing sorghum, and sowing when the temperature of a plough layer of 5cm reaches more than 10 ℃;
(5) covering with ecological grass-prevention cloth: after the sorghum enters the three-leaf period, pulling out diseases, impurities, weak seedlings and young seedlings, keeping the plant spacing of 30cm, carrying out intertillage weeding for 1 time by combining with final singling, covering degradable black ecological grass prevention cloth between sorghum planting rows, and reinforcing by using ground nails;
(6) and (3) sowing radix bupleuri: sowing radix bupleuri when the plant height is about 50cm in the jointing stage of sorghum at 6-7 months, sowing 2 rows of radix bupleuri on two sides of the ecological grass prevention cloth in a row manner within 1cm of sowing depth, covering soil slightly, pressing lightly, and sowing 1 row of radix bupleuri seeds after soil mixing on the sorghum planting rows, wherein the seed consumption of radix bupleuri is 667m per each22.5 kg-3.0 kg;
(7) field management: thinning the bupleurum seedlings by 5-7 cm, removing weak and strong, thinning seedlings which are too dense and have poor development, strictly preventing weeds in the first year after the bupleurum seedlings emerge until the seedlings grow to be sealed, hoeing weeds on two sides of the ecological grass cloth 1-2 times in spring to summer in the second and third years, strictly prohibiting the use of herbicide, and continuously spraying plant sugar chain vaccine in the bupleurum jointing stage 6-7 months per year;
(8) and (3) water and fertilizer management: reasonable irrigation is carried out according to rainfall conditions in the seedling stage, water is timely irrigated in drought, water is timely drained in rainy season, no additional fertilizer is interplanted in the first year, and the seedlings are turned green every 667m in the spring 4-month period of the second and third year2Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 20 kg-30 kg, 6-7 months in summer per 667m2Applying 20 kg-30 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and timely irrigating after topdressing;
(9) and (3) pest control: reasonably rotating for stubble; preferably, the disease-resistant germplasm; sowing in a proper period to ensure that the seedling stage grows to avoid a high disease and insect pest period; the diseased plants are found to be removed and the ova are killed in time; preventing and treating spot blight and root rot; comprehensively preventing and treating by adopting a physical method and biological pesticide in time according to the insect pest species;
(10) harvesting at proper time: two-year ripening for three years, interplanting the Chinese sorghum in the late stage of wax ripeness in the first ten-month in autumn of the year, managing the Chinese thorowax root in the second year, harvesting the Chinese thorowax root in the autumn of the third year, not topping the Chinese thorowax root planned to be reserved in the second year, and cutting off the harvested seeds of the overground part in time after most Chinese thorowax root seeds are ripe in the last 10-month ten days; for non-seed-reserving plots, cutting off flower stalks in batches before flowering in the second and third years or in the flowering period, or topping stalks 5cm away from the ground by using a machine, so that the yield and the quality of roots are improved; collecting bupleurum in the third year before stem and leaf of bupleurum overground part begin to wither and freeze in 10-11 months, adjusting the depth of shovel head into ground to be not less than 25cm, digging root, removing soil and impurities.
Further, the mass fraction of the plant sugar chain vaccine in the step (3) is 10%, the temperature is 35-40 ℃, and the soaking time is 12 h.
Further, the seeding in the step (4) comprises the following specific steps: sowing with drill, controlling the row spacing to be 60cm, the sowing depth to be 2-3 cm, and the planting density to be 667m20.4 to 0.6 ten thousand strains.
Further, the plant sugar chain vaccine in the step (7) is 5% by mass, and the number of spraying the plant sugar chain vaccine is 2-3.
Further, the step (9) of preventing and treating the spot blight and the root rot selects polyoxin, bacillus licheniformis and vesicle-mycorrhiza agents; the physical methods are frequency vibration lamp, yellow board, pheromone and artificial killing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention can strictly ensure the quality of bupleurum seeds by selecting new 2-year-old seeds, the seeds are large and full, and the average germination rate of the seeds reaches 80 percent by matching with the plant sugar chain vaccine with the mass fraction of 10 percent for seed soaking treatment, thereby obviously improving the germination rate and the strong seedling rate.
(2) In the radix bupleuri-sorghum interplanting mode, the line spacing of sorghum is 60cm, and 3 lines of radix bupleuri are sown on sorghum lines and planting lines in a row-by-row mode, so that the shady problem of radix bupleuri in the sprouting period and the seedling period is solved on the basis of ensuring the yield of sorghum, the land utilization efficiency is improved, and the emergence and the high yield of radix bupleuri are ensured.
(3) In sorghum planting rows, the method for controlling grass by covering ecological grass prevention cloth is adopted, soil can be fertilized, the temperature and entropy preservation are improved, the utilization rate of soil nutrients is improved, the growth is promoted, the yield is increased, meanwhile, weeds are effectively controlled, the method is paved once and used for many years, and the weeding cost is effectively reduced.
(4) The invention adopts a continuous topping treatment mode for the non-seed-reserving radix bupleuri plots, thereby not only leading the nutrients of plants to be intensively supplied to the roots so as to be beneficial to increasing the yield, but also effectively improving the content of medicinal components.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
A cultivation method for ecological control of bupleurum comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: the test land is arranged in a traditional Chinese medicine planting base of Shanxi province, south, north, village, Shandong province, in a smooth compartment ditch, the altitude is 1268m, the frost-free period is about 130 days, the soil types are brown soil and soil sandy loam, the fertility is high, the detected soil contains 1.95g/kg of total nitrogen, 7.82mg/kg of available phosphorus, 175.6mg/kg of available potassium and 24.6g/kg of organic matter. The test field area is 5 mu, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the protective row and the isolation row between the cells are 0.5m and 1m respectively. In the morning of 12 days in 4 months, 1500-2000 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of test land, mechanical deep ploughing is carried out for more than 30cm, and harrowing is carried out after ploughing to keep entropy.
(2) Seed selection: selecting a new bupleurum chinense seed which is high in quality, dry, full in seed and consistent and mature in color by adopting an air separation method; sorghum is sowed in spring at 120 days of growth period.
(3) Treatment of bupleurum seeds: soaking the air-separated bupleurum seeds in plant sugar chain vaccine with the mass fraction of 10 percent at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 12h before sowing the bupleurum, fishing out and airing for later use.
(4) And (3) sowing sorghum: and (4) sowing sorghum when the temperature of a 5cm plough layer of the test field reaches above 10 ℃ in 22 days after 4 months, carrying out drill seeding, and controlling the row spacing to be 60cm and the sowing depth to be 2-3 cm. The interplanting test is provided with 6 test groups, wherein the test groups comprise a 1 group, a 2 group and a 3 group: the sorghum line spacing is 60 cm; run 4 groups: the sorghum line spacing is 90 cm; run 5 groups: the sorghum line spacing is 120 cm; test 6 groups: the sorghum line spacing is 50 cm.
(5) Covering with ecological grass-prevention cloth: after the sorghum enters the three-leaf period, disease, impurity, weak and young seedlings are pulled out, the plant spacing is kept at 30cm, the seedlings are cultivated and weeded for 1 time by combining the final singling, degradable black ecological grass-prevention cloth with the width of 30cm is covered between the sorghum planting rows of the test 2 group, and the degradable black ecological grass-prevention cloth is reinforced by ground nails. From the perspective of seedling rate and grass control effect: covering grass prevention cloth, planting on the film, interplanting and blank group, and from the aspect of economic cost: the cost of the grass prevention cloth is 460 yuan/mu, the grass prevention cloth is paved once and used for many years, the field management is reduced, and the weeding cost is greatly reduced.
TABLE 1 evaluation of grass cloth prevention effect
(6) And (3) sowing radix bupleuri: during the sorghum jointing stage of 10 days in 6 months and when the plant height is 50cm, the bupleurum is sown, and in the test 1 group, the bupleurum is sown between sorghum rows, and the sowing range reaches the sorghum planting rows; experiment 2 group drill seeding on both sides of ecological grass prevention clothThe bupleurum is planted in the sorghum planting row 2, and the bupleurum mixed with soil is sowed in the sorghum planting row 1; test group 3 drill radix bupleuri 3 lines between sorghum lines, the line spacing is 15cm, and radix bupleuri 1 line after soil mixing is broadcast on the sorghum planting lines; in the experiment 4 group, radix bupleuri is sowed in rows 3 among sorghum rows, the row spacing is 30cm, and the radix bupleuri after soil mixing is sowed on the sorghum planting rows 1; in the test 5 group, 4 lines of radix bupleuri are sowed among sorghum lines, the line spacing is 30cm, and 1 line of radix bupleuri after soil mixing is sowed on the sorghum planting lines; experiment 6 groups drill 2 lines of bupleurum between sorghum lines, with line spacing of 30 cm. Shallow covering soil in the depth of 1cm, lightly pressing, and measuring the dosage of bupleuri radix every 667m22.5 kg-3.0 kg.
(7) Field management: the bupleurum seedlings are thinned to 5-7 cm in height, weak and strong seedlings are removed, dense seedlings and dysplasia seedlings are thinned, seedlings emerge about 2 months after bupleurum seeding, and due to the fact that rainwater is abundant in 7-8 months of a base, weeds grow too fast, manual weeding needs to be conducted timely, and the weeds are prevented from being wasted until the seedlings grow to be sealed. During 11 months, the bupleurum root enters the wintering period, and part of bupleurum root seedlings wither. In the spring from the second spring to the summer in the third year, hoeing the weeds 1-2 times in a shallow mode, and strictly forbidding use of the herbicide. Continuously spraying the plant sugar chain vaccine with the mass fraction of 5% for 2-3 times in the jointing stage of the bupleurum for 6-7 months every year.
(8) And (3) water and fertilizer management: reasonable irrigation is carried out in the seedling stage according to rainfall conditions, irrigation is carried out in time in drought, and drainage is carried out in time in rainy season. Interplanting the plants in the first year without additional fertilizer, and in the spring 4-month green turning period of the second and third years, each 667m2Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 20 kg-30 kg, 6-7 months in summer per 667m2And (3) applying 20 kg-30 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and watering in time after applying the fertilizer.
(9) And (3) pest control: reasonably rotating for stubble; preferably, the disease-resistant germplasm; sowing in a proper period to ensure that the seedling stage grows to avoid a high disease and insect pest period; the diseased plants are found to be removed and the ova are killed in time; selecting drugs such as polyoxin, bacillus licheniformis, vesicle-arbuscular mycorrhizal agent and the like to prevent and treat the spot blight and the root rot; according to the insect pest species, the physical methods such as frequency vibration lamp, yellow board, pheromone and artificial killing and biological pesticide are adopted to comprehensively control.
(10) Harvesting at proper time: two cropping in three years, interplanting sorghum in late stage of wax ripeness in the first 10 th of autumn in the current year, cutting off aerial part of stem, managing radix bupleuri in the second year, and harvesting radix bupleuri in autumn in the third year. Harvesting bupleuri radix in 11 months and 4 days in the third year, adjusting the depth of shovel head into ground to not less than 25cm, digging root, removing soil, and removing impurities. The sorghum yield in unit area is gradually reduced along with the continuous widening of the sorghum line spacing through statistics; from the seedling rate in table 2, except that the seedling rate of the test with the sorghum row width of 120cm is the lowest, the influence of different row spacing on the bupleurum seedling is small; through comparative analysis, when the sorghum line spacing is 60cm, two lines of radix bupleuri are sown in a row, and 1 line of radix bupleuri is sown in a row, the economic benefit of sorghum is the highest, and the seedling rate of radix bupleuri is the best. Compared with the existing broadcast planting mode, the drill planting adopted by the method is beneficial to field management, the sorghum has huge root system, strong water absorption and less weeds near the root system, the radix bupleuri is broadcast sown on the planting rows, and the radix bupleuri is drill planted between the sorghum rows for 2 rows, so that the utilization efficiency of unit land can be effectively improved, and the yield can be improved.
TABLE 2 comparison of the mode of interplanting Bupleurum chinense and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium of the present invention with the existing cultivation mode
Example 2
A cultivation method for ecological control of bupleurum comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam with a deep soil layer, a loose fertile soil layer, convenient irrigation and drainage and a soil pH of 6-7. The previous crops are gramineae, continuous cropping is forbidden, 1500-2000 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of test land after the previous crops are harvested in autumn, mechanical deep tillage is carried out for more than 30cm, and harrowing is carried out after tillage to keep entropy.
(2) Seed selection: selecting strong bupleurum plants growing for two years for seed collection, and adopting an air separation method to select new dry plants with full seeds and consistent and mature color; sorghum, corn and purple perilla are selected from high-yield, high-quality and multi-resistance varieties which are suitable for being planted in the region and pass national examination (identification) or provincial examination (recognition).
(3) Treatment of bupleurum seeds: before the bupleurum is sowed, the air-separated bupleurum seeds are soaked in plant sugar chain vaccine with the mass fraction of 10 percent at the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 12 hours, and then are fished out and aired for standby.
(4) Seeding of crops: and 4, sowing the crops when the temperature of a 5cm plough layer of the test field reaches above 10 ℃ in 22 days after 4 months. The interplanting test was set up with 3 test groups, test 1 group: interplanting sorghum at row spacing of 60cm, sowing with drill seed, and sowing depth of 2-3 cm; test 2 groups: interplanting perilla for 45cm, sowing with drill seed, and sowing depth of 2-3 cm; run 3 groups: interplanting corn with row spacing of 60cm and plant spacing of 30cm, hole sowing, single-hole single-plant planting, and hole depth of 3-5 cm.
(5) Covering with ecological grass-prevention cloth: after the sorghum enters the three-leaf period, disease, impurity, weak and young seedlings are pulled out, the plant spacing is 30cm, the seedlings are fixed and intertillage weeding is carried out for 1 time, degradable black ecological grass prevention cloth with the width of 30cm is covered between sorghum planting rows, and the degradable black ecological grass prevention cloth is reinforced by ground nails.
In the last ten days of June, when the corns enter the jointing stage, intertillage and weeding are carried out for 1 time, degradable black ecological grass prevention cloth with the width of 30cm is covered among corn planting rows, and the degradable black ecological grass prevention cloth is reinforced by ground nails.
After the purple perilla seedlings emerge, weeding to remove diseases, impurities, weak seedlings and young seedlings, covering degradable black ecological grass prevention cloth with the width of 30cm between purple perilla planting rows at the bottom of 5 months, and reinforcing by using ground nails.
(6) And (3) sowing radix bupleuri: during the sorghum jointing stage of 10 days in 6 months and when the plant height is 50cm, the bupleurum is sowed, in the test 1 group, 2 lines of bupleurum are sowed among sorghum lines, the line spacing is 30cm, the sowing depth is within 1cm, the soil is covered lightly, the soil is lightly pressed, and the 1 line of the bupleurum after being sowed and mixed with the soil is sowed on the sorghum planting lines; in the experiment 2 group, radix bupleuri is sowed in rows 2 among purple perilla rows, the row spacing is 30cm, the sowing depth is within 1cm, shallow soil is covered, and the soil is lightly pressed; experiment 3 group sowing Bupleurum chinense 2 rows between corn rows, row spacing 30cm, sowing depth within 1cm, shallow covering soil, lightly pressing, sowing Bupleurum chinense 1 row mixed with soil on corn planting rows, wherein the seed amount of Bupleurum chinense is 667m each22.5 kg-3.0 kg.
The interplanting cultivation of the bupleurum has the advantages that the high-stalk crops can provide proper shading for the bupleurum in the seedling stage, and simultaneously can improve the reasonable distribution of photo-thermal resources, inhibit the growth of weeds, increase the diversity of soil environment, and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and the use of herbicides. Test data show that when the shading degree is 80 percent and the effective illumination is 6000lx-8500lx, the method is suitable for growth and development of the bupleurum seedlings, and the emergence rate of the bupleurum is highest. Thus, on 8.14 cloudy days and 9.18 sunny days, 14% at noon: 00, measuring the light transmittance and the illumination intensity under the light environments of different test groups; detecting the chlorophyll content of the companion plants by adopting a SPAD-502plus Japanese portable chlorophyll tester; and (3) determining the water content of the surface soil by adopting a drying method, and determining the water content of the soil 10cm and 20cm below the soil by using a soil moisture determinator. Combining the seedling rate of the bupleurum under different planting modes to analyze and screen out the optimal relay intercropping mode. The detection results are shown in table 3, the detected average shade degrees of the sorghum and the corn fields are respectively 78% and 85%, the requirements of growth and development characteristics and environmental conditions of the bupleurum are met, and the method is suitable for interplanting with the bupleurum. Compared with interplanting corn, sorghum has obvious effect of controlling grass, slightly higher emergence rate of radix bupleuri, relatively higher market acquisition price and government subsidies, obvious economic benefit and strong adaptability of sorghum, and is planted from south to north in a distributed manner, so that interplanting of sorghum and radix bupleuri is an optimal cultivation mode, and the soil moisture content in the planting mode is shown in table 4.
TABLE 3 analysis of the transmittance of Bupleurum falcatum seedling field under different interplanting modes
TABLE 4 moisture content of soil in sorghum/Bupleurum model
(7) Field management: the bupleurum seedlings are thinned to 5-7 cm in height, weak and strong seedlings are removed, dense seedlings and dysplasia seedlings are thinned, seedlings emerge about 2 months after bupleurum seeding, and due to the fact that rainwater is abundant in 7-8 months of a base, weeds grow too fast, manual weeding needs to be conducted timely, and the weeds are prevented from being wasted until the seedlings grow to be sealed. During 11 months, the bupleurum root enters the wintering period, and part of bupleurum root seedlings wither. In the spring from the second spring to the summer in the third year, hoeing the weeds 1-2 times in a shallow mode, and strictly forbidding use of the herbicide. Continuously spraying plant carbohydrate chain vaccine with the mass fraction of 5% for 2-3 times in the jointing stage of bupleurum for 6-7 months every year.
(8) Water fertilizerManagement: reasonable irrigation is carried out in the seedling stage according to rainfall conditions, irrigation is carried out in time in drought, and drainage is carried out in time in rainy season. Interplanting the plants in the first year without additional fertilizer, and in the spring 4-month green turning period of the second and third years, each 667m2Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 20 kg-30 kg, 6-7 months in summer per 667m2And (3) applying 20 kg-30 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and watering in time after applying the fertilizer.
(9) And (3) pest control: reasonably rotating for stubble; preferably, the disease-resistant germplasm; sowing in a proper period to ensure that the seedling stage grows to avoid a high disease and insect pest period; the diseased plants are found to be removed and the ova are killed in time; selecting drugs such as polyoxin, bacillus licheniformis, vesicle-arbuscular mycorrhizal agent and the like to prevent and treat the spot blight and the root rot; according to the insect pest species, the physical methods such as frequency vibration lamp, yellow board, pheromone and artificial killing and biological pesticide are adopted to comprehensively control.
(10) Harvesting at proper time: harvesting semen Maydis, jowar, and Perillae herba in the first ten-month of autumn of the year, managing bupleuri radix in the second year, and harvesting bupleuri radix in the third autumn. Statistically, the sorghum in test 1 group is harvested at 810kg/667m2Economic output value of 3078 yuan/667 m2(ii) a Experiment 2 groups harvested perilla seeds 114kg/667m2Economic output value of 2285 yuan/667 m2(ii) a Experiment 3 groups harvested maize 1160kg/667m2Economic output value of 2660 yuan/667 m2. For the bupleurum scheduled to be reserved, the top is not dug in the next year, and after most seeds are mature in the last 10 months, the overground part is cut off in time to harvest the seeds. For non-seed-reserving plots, the flower stalks are cut off in batches before the blossoming in the second and third years or in the flowering period, or the stalks are mechanically topped 5cm away from the ground, so that the yield and the quality of roots are improved. In the third year of planting, collecting bupleurum before stem and leaf of bupleurum root in 10-11 months wither and soil is frozen. When digging, the shovel head is adjusted to be not less than 25cm deep into the ground, and the roots are dug, soil is removed, and impurities are removed.
The above preferred embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit, and although the present invention has been described in detail by the above preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for ecological control of bupleurum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage and soil pH of 6-7, preferably using leguminous, gramineae and overground part as the former crop, avoiding continuous cropping, and harvesting every 667m after the former crop in autumn2Applying 1500 kg-2000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, mechanically deep ploughing for more than 30cm, and performing surface soil operation before sowing;
(2) seed selection: selecting a new bupleurum species with high quality, dryness and full and mature seeds by adopting an air separation method; selecting high-yield and high-quality sorghum varieties;
(3) treatment of bupleurum seeds: soaking the air-separated bupleurum seeds in the plant sugar chain vaccine before sowing, and airing for later use;
(4) and (3) sowing sorghum: selecting spring sowing sorghum, and sowing when the temperature of a plough layer of 5cm reaches more than 10 ℃;
(5) covering with ecological grass-prevention cloth: after the sorghum enters the three-leaf period, pulling out diseases, impurities, weak seedlings and young seedlings, keeping the plant spacing of 30cm, carrying out intertillage weeding for 1 time by combining with final singling, covering degradable black ecological grass prevention cloth between sorghum planting rows, and reinforcing by using ground nails;
(6) and (3) sowing radix bupleuri: sowing radix bupleuri when the plant height is about 50cm in the jointing stage of sorghum at 6-7 months, sowing 2 rows of radix bupleuri on two sides of the ecological grass prevention cloth in a row manner within 1cm of sowing depth, covering soil slightly, pressing lightly, and sowing 1 row of radix bupleuri seeds after soil mixing on the sorghum planting rows, wherein the seed consumption of radix bupleuri is 667m per each22.5 kg-3.0 kg;
(7) field management: thinning the bupleurum seedlings by 5-7 cm, removing weak and strong, thinning seedlings which are too dense and have poor development, strictly preventing weeds in the first year after the bupleurum seedlings emerge until the seedlings grow to be sealed, hoeing weeds on two sides of the ecological grass cloth 1-2 times in spring to summer in the second and third years, strictly prohibiting the use of herbicide, and continuously spraying plant sugar chain vaccine in the bupleurum jointing stage 6-7 months per year;
(8) and (3) water and fertilizer management: reasonable irrigation is carried out according to rainfall conditions in the seedling stage, irrigation is carried out in time during drought, drainage is carried out in time during rainy season, and first interplanting is carried outThe fertilizer is not applied in the year, and the green turning period of 4 months in spring of the second and third year is 667m2Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer 20 kg-30 kg, 6-7 months in summer per 667m2Applying 20 kg-30 kg of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and timely irrigating after topdressing;
(9) and (3) pest control: reasonably rotating for stubble; preferably, the disease-resistant germplasm; sowing in a proper period to ensure that the seedling stage grows to avoid a high disease and insect pest period; the diseased plants are found to be removed and the ova are killed in time; preventing and treating spot blight and root rot; comprehensively preventing and treating by adopting a physical method and biological pesticide in time according to the insect pest species;
(10) harvesting at proper time: two cropping in three years, interplanting sorghum at the later stage of wax ripeness in the first ten-month in autumn of the year, cutting off stems of overground parts, managing radix bupleuri in the second year, harvesting radix bupleuri in autumn of the third year, not topping the radix bupleuri planned to be planted in the second year, and cutting off the seeds harvested in the overground parts in time after most of radix bupleuri seeds are ripe in the last 10-month ten days; for non-seed-reserving plots, cutting off flower stalks in batches before flowering in the second and third years or in the flowering period, or topping stalks 5cm away from the ground by using a machine, so that the yield and the quality of roots are improved; collecting bupleurum in the third year before stem and leaf of bupleurum overground part begin to wither and freeze in 10-11 months, adjusting the depth of shovel head into ground to be not less than 25cm, digging root, removing soil and impurities.
2. The cultivation method of ecological accuse grass of bupleurum root according to claim 1, characterized in that, the weight fraction of the plant sugar chain vaccine in the step (3) is 10%, the temperature is 35 ℃ -40 ℃, and the soaking time is 12 h.
3. The cultivation method of the ecological control grass of bupleurum chinense DC as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding in the step (4) comprises the following specific steps: sowing with drill, controlling the row spacing to be 60cm, the sowing depth to be 2-3 cm, and the planting density to be 667m20.4 to 0.6 ten thousand strains.
4. The cultivation method of radix bupleuri ecological grass control according to claim 1, wherein the width of the degradable black ecological grass-prevention cloth in the step (5) is 30 cm.
5. The cultivation method of ecological accuse grass of bupleurum according to claim 1, characterized in that, the weight fraction of the plant sugar chain vaccine of step (7) is 5%, the number of times of spraying the plant sugar chain vaccine is 2-3.
6. The cultivation method for ecological control of bupleurum root according to claim 1, wherein said step (9) is to prevent and treat the spot blight and root rot, and the polyoxin, bacillus licheniformis and vesicle-clump mycorrhizal agent are selected; the physical methods are frequency vibration lamp, yellow board, pheromone and artificial killing.
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