CN109006220B - Method suitable for large-area planting of Sedum plumbizincicola - Google Patents

Method suitable for large-area planting of Sedum plumbizincicola Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109006220B
CN109006220B CN201810907149.6A CN201810907149A CN109006220B CN 109006220 B CN109006220 B CN 109006220B CN 201810907149 A CN201810907149 A CN 201810907149A CN 109006220 B CN109006220 B CN 109006220B
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transplanting
months
sedum plumbizincicola
soil
sedum
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CN109006220A (en
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秦华
刘代欢
邓林
常海伟
和君强
殷志遥
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Yonker Environmental Protection Co ltd
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Hunan Yonker Environmental Protection Research Institute Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings

Abstract

The invention relates to a method suitable for large-area planting of Sedum plumbizincicola, carry on the rotary tillage before transplanting next year, carry on the ridging of the field piece in 2 months later, cover the plastic film after spraying and applying the weedicide; transplanting the rhodiola rosea in the last ten days of 3 months, punching and transplanting on a mulching film, and mowing the rhodiola rosea in the middle 7 months, and meanwhile, mowing for 3-5 cm of remained stubbles to grow again; and (3) shearing the cut Sedum plumbizincicola into single-branch cutting slips of 8-10 cm, soaking the single-branch cutting slips by using an acetylsalicylic acid solution, then carrying out cutting, erecting a sunshade above a planting area, and harvesting in the middle of 11 months. By adopting the planting method, the survival rate of the Sedum plumbizincicola can reach more than 90%, the two-season propagation coefficient can reach more than 40 times, and the weed removal rate is controlled to be more than 60%. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, low investment, good effect and the like, simultaneously solves the problem of large-area weeding in the planting of the Sedum plumbizincicola, greatly reduces the cost, and obviously improves the survival rate and the biomass of the Sedum plumbizincicola.

Description

Method suitable for large-area planting of Sedum plumbizincicola
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of soil heavy metal restoration plants, relates to a method suitable for large-area planting of sedum plumbizincicola, and particularly relates to a method for large-area planting of sedum plumbizincicola in fields of zinc-cadmium hyper-enrichment plants.
Background
The Sedum plumbizincicola is a heavy metal tolerant and hyper-enriched plant discovered in China, is favored to grow in Pb and Zn-rich ore areas, and is a perennial meat herbage. The propagation of the Sedum plumbizincicola mainly comprises seed propagation, tissue culture and stem/leaf cuttage, but the seeds of the Sedum plumbizincicola are extremely small, and the seed propagation needs special climatic conditions, nutritional conditions and a method for breaking seed dormancy, so the seeds are difficult to be utilized for propagation in production; the tissue culture propagation is still in the laboratory research stage due to the fact that the technology is not mature, the tissue culture cost is too high, and the period is long. At present, a stem/leaf cuttage method is mainly adopted in production, the Nanjing soil of Chinese academy of sciences is bred by hundreds of acres of Sedum plumbizincicola on the Yunnan lanchoe, but the problems of high breeding cost, long distance, inconvenience in traffic and management and the like exist. Because the problems in various aspects such as low planting survival rate, poor reproduction rate, high field management cost, difficult weed control and the like of the sedum plumbizincicola in south China caused by high temperature and heavy rain in summer and low temperature and light rain in winter are solved urgently, a method which is suitable for large-area planting of the sedum plumbizincicola in south China and enables the sedum plumbizincicola to reproduce quickly, has high survival rate and low cost is searched for.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method suitable for large-area planting of Sedum plumbizincicola, and aims to solve the problems of low propagation coefficient, low biological yield, difficulty in removing weeds and the like in the existing planting of Sedum plumbizincicola.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method suitable for large-area planting of the Sedum plumbizincicola comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deeply ploughing the soil in the first target planting area before winter, preferably before sealing and freezing in early winter at the end of autumn and before ridging in the next year, carrying out rotary tillage, carrying out manual harrowing, applying sufficient base fertilizer, watering soil moisture on soles, ridging in 1-2 months in the next year, and then covering a mulching film on the ridges;
(2) transplanting: in the next 3-4 months, preferably in the last ten days of 3 months, selecting the strong-growth sedum plumbizincicola seedlings, and punching and transplanting on a mulching film;
(3) field management: after transplanting, watering the furrows according to soil moisture content; during the growth process of the Sedum plumbizincicola, artificial weeding is carried out according to the growth situation of weeds;
(4) transplanting for 6-8 months in the current year, generally for 7 months, preferably in the middle of 7 months, mowing the Sedum plumbizincicola, and meanwhile, mowing for 3-5 cm of remained stubbles to allow the Sedum plumbizincicola to continue to grow and propagate;
shearing the cut fresh rhodiola rosea sample into single cuttings with the length of 8-10 cm, and soaking the cuttings with an acetylsalicylic acid solution;
(5) cuttage: soil in the second target planting area is prepared, ridging is carried out, film covering is carried out on the ridges, the soaked cutting slips are punched and cut on the mulching film within 2-3 days after cutting, a sunshade is built above the planting area, and harvesting is carried out 11 months in the year of transplanting.
Further, in the step (1), the deep ploughing depth before winter is 15-20cm, the rotary tillage depth before transplanting is 5-8cm, the rotary tillage frequency is 3-4 times, and the soil particle size is ensured to be 0.5-1.5 cm. The deep ploughing depth is 15-20cm, so that a plough layer can be loosened, a soil surface layer can be broken, and the soil permeability is increased; the rotary tillage is carried out for 5-8cm, surface soil particles can be smashed, the soil and the sedum plumbizincicola are compact, and meanwhile, the ground surface can be leveled, and ridging is facilitated.
Further, in the step (1), the application amount of the base fertilizer is 80-120 jin/mu, preferably 90-110 jin/mu, and preferably, the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer; the watering amount is 70% -80% of the field water holding amount. Preferably N, P in said compound fertilizer2O5、K2The content of O is not less than 15 wt%.
Further, in the step (1), after ridging, spraying a herbicide, and then covering a mulching film, preferably a black mulching film, on the ridge.
In the invention, the herbicide is sprayed before the film covering to carry out closed weeding and inhibit or kill the germinating weeds; and the ground weeds are difficult to grow due to insufficient illumination by covering the mulching film. The herbicide is used before the film covering, so that the weed can be prevented from growing together, and the labor and financial resources occupied by weeding can be reduced.
Further, the herbicide is glyphosate, and the spraying amount is 200-300 ml/mu, generally 220-280 ml/mu, and preferably 240-260 ml/mu.
Furthermore, the ridge forming width is 60-80 cm, the ridge forming height is 15-20cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 10-15 cm. Therefore, on one hand, the artificial transplanting and the drainage in rainy season are convenient, on the other hand, the mulching film is convenient to cover, the film can be tightly attached to the ground, the ground is compacted, and the growth of weeds is inhibited.
Furthermore, the diameter of the punched holes is 4-5 cm during transplanting or cutting, the cutting depth is 3-5 cm, 3-4 rows of cuttings are planted in each ridge, and the row spacing is 15-20cm, so that underground rooting and peripheral growth and propagation of the sedum plumbizincicola are facilitated.
Further, in the step (4), the concentration of the acetylsalicylic acid solution is 50-200 mg/kg, preferably 80-160 mg/kg, and the soaking time is 2-4 h.
Furthermore, the sunshade is a simple bamboo frame sunshade.
As an embodiment of the invention, the soil of the target planting area is heavy metal cadmium polluted soil. The method can be directly applied to the heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil to be repaired, the sedum plumbizincicola is transplanted only in a certain area of the cadmium contaminated soil at the initial stage, and the fresh sample obtained by later cutting is processed and then is inserted into the area to be repaired where the sedum plumbizincicola is not planted, so that low-cost repair is realized.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the soil in the target planting area is sandy soil which is fertile in texture, high in topography and easy to drain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, when the rhodiola wallichiana is planted, a mode of mulching a film and erecting a sun-proof sunshade net is adopted, so that on one hand, the soil temperature and humidity required in the early growth stage can be ensured, the growth process of seedlings is accelerated, and the growth of the biomass of the seedlings is facilitated; on the other hand, the growth of weeds can be controlled in a large area, and the cost caused by artificial weeding is greatly reduced.
(2) The invention directly adopts the cutting slips after the first cropping when the Sedum plumbizincicola is cut, and the remaining stubbles after the first cropping can continue to grow and propagate, thus the operation is simple and easy, the investment is less, and the propagation coefficient is improved and can reach more than 55 times.
(3) According to the invention, when the sedum plumbizincicola is planted, the cut shoots in the first season are soaked in the acetylsalicylic acid solution and then planted, so that the shoots can rapidly root in soil, the survival rate of seedlings is improved and can reach more than 90%.
(4) The method not only solves the problem that the sedum plumbizincicola is safe to spend summer, but also overcomes the difficulty of weeding in large area in the field, has the characteristics of simple operation, less investment, good effect and the like, and provides a new technology for planting sedum plumbizincicola in large area in the field in south China.
On one hand, the rhodiola sacra is difficult to survive due to overhigh temperature in summer in southern areas, and the effect of shading, cooling, moisturizing and keeping off rain can be achieved by building the shading net, so that the problem that the rhodiola sacra is difficult to reproduce in summer is solved; on the other hand, the solution of the weed problem can greatly improve the yield and the quality of the Sedum plumbizincicola, and provide more seedlings for later-stage propagation; the realization of large area planting according to the invention thus benefits from both the problem of propagation and the problem of weeds.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
a method for planting Sedum plumbizincicola in large area in field comprises the following steps
(1) Land selection and preparation: the test is carried out in a test plot of a fallow farmland in the shozu county of the plant continent city in 2016, a sandy soil block which is fertile in texture and high in terrain and easy to drain is selected in 18 days in 11 months, deep ploughing is carried out for 20cm, 4 times of rotary tillage is carried out before transplanting in the next year, the rotary tillage depth is 8cm, and 100 kilograms of compound fertilizer (N, P) is applied to each mu2O5、K2O is 15 wt%), leveling, harrowing, watering enough bottom soil moisture, ridging the field in 20 days after 2 months, wherein the ridging width is 80 cm, the ridging height is 20cm, the distance between ridges is 10 cm, and mulching films are covered after herbicide spraying;
(2) transplanting: 3, 10 days after month and 10 days, punching and transplanting on the film, wherein the hole diameter is 5cm, the cuttage depth is 4 cm, 4 lines are arranged on each ridge, the ridge ascending distance is 15 cm, after transplanting is finished, proper watering is carried out in a furrow according to soil moisture, proper artificial weeding is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds in the growth process of the sedum plumbizincicola, and after 18 days after 7 months, the sedum plumbizincicola is mowed for mowing treatment, and meanwhile, the stubble is mowed for 5cm, so that the sedum plumbizincicola continues to grow and breed;
(3) treating the cut sedum plumbizincicola: and shearing the cut fresh rhodiola rosea sample into 10 cm single cuttings, and soaking the cuttings for 2 hours by using an acetylsalicylic acid solution with the concentration of 200 mg/kg to promote the cuttings to rapidly root.
(4) Cuttage: cutting propagation is carried out for 7-15 days, field selection and land preparation are consistent with the first transplanting, ridging is carried out, herbicide is sprayed and coated, the soaked sedum plumbizincicola spikes are drilled and cut on a mulching film, a simple bamboo frame sunshade net is erected above a planting area, proper amount of watering is carried out on furrows according to soil moisture in a growth period, artificial weeding is carried out according to the growth situation of weeds in the growth process of the sedum plumbizincicola, and harvesting is carried out for 11-14 days.
According to measurement and calculation, the survival rate of the sedum plumbizincicola in the example is 90%, the propagation coefficient reaches 45 times, and the weed removal rate is 65%.
Example 2
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method for planting the rhodiola rosea in a large area in the field specifically comprises the following steps
(1) Land selection and preparation: the test is carried out in a test plot of a fallow land of Shandong Ling city in 2017, a sandy soil block which is fertile in texture, high in terrain and easy to drain is selected in 16 days in 11 months, deep ploughing is carried out for 15 cm, 3 times of rotary tillage is carried out before transplanting in the next year, the rotary tillage depth is 5cm, and 100 kilograms of compound fertilizer (N, P) is applied to each mu2O5、K2O is 15%), leveling and harrowing are carried out, enough water for bottom soil moisture is poured, field ridging is carried out for 25 days in 2 months, the ridging width is 60 cm, the ridging height is 15 cm, the distance between ridges is 15 cm, and a mulching film is covered after herbicide spraying is carried out;
(2) transplanting: 3, month and 5 days, punching and transplanting on a film, wherein the hole diameter is 5cm, the cuttage depth is 3 cm, 3 lines are arranged on each ridge, the ridge ascending distance is 15 cm, after transplanting is finished, proper watering is carried out in a furrow according to soil moisture, proper artificial weeding is carried out according to the growth condition of weeds in the growth process of the sedum plumbizincicola, and after 7 months and 16 days, the sedum plumbizincicola is mowed for mowing treatment, and meanwhile, the stubble is mowed for 3 cm, so that the sedum plumbizincicola continues to grow and breed;
(3) treating the cut sedum plumbizincicola: shearing the cut fresh rhodiola rosea sample into 8cm single-branch cuttings, and soaking the cuttings for 4 hours by using acetylsalicylic acid solution with the concentration of 100 mg/kg to promote the cuttings to rapidly root;
(4) cuttage: cutting propagation is carried out for 18 days in 7 months, field selection and land preparation are consistent with the first transplanting, ridging is carried out, a film is covered after herbicide spraying, the soaked sedum plumbizincicola is spiced on a mulching film for punching and cuttage, a simple bamboo frame sunshade net is erected above a planting area, proper amount of watering is carried out in a furrow according to soil moisture in a growth period, artificial weeding is carried out according to the growth situation of weeds in the growth process of the sedum plumbizincicola, and harvesting is carried out for 10 days in 11 months.
According to measurement and calculation, the survival rate of the Sedum plumbizincicola in the example is 94%, the propagation coefficient reaches 57 times, and the weed removal rate is 72%.
The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. The method is suitable for large-area planting of the Sedum plumbizincicola in southern areas of China, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation: deeply ploughing the soil in the first target planting area before winter, carrying out rotary tillage before ridging in the next year, carrying out manual harrowing, applying enough base fertilizer, watering water on the soil moisture on the soles, ridging in 1-2 months in the next year, and then covering a mulching film on the ridges;
(2) transplanting: in the next 3-4 months, selecting the sedum rosea seedlings with vigorous growth, and punching and transplanting on a mulching film;
(3) field management: after transplanting, watering the furrows according to soil moisture content; during the growth process of the Sedum plumbizincicola, artificial weeding is carried out according to the growth situation of weeds;
(4) transplanting for 6-8 months in the current year, cutting the sedum plumbizincicola, and simultaneously cutting the remained stubbles for 3-5 cm to continue to grow and reproduce;
shearing the cut fresh rhodiola rosea sample into single cuttings with the length of 8-10 cm, and soaking the cuttings with an acetylsalicylic acid solution;
wherein the concentration of the acetylsalicylic acid solution is 100-200 mg/kg, and the soaking time is 2-4 h;
(5) cuttage: soil in a second target planting area is prepared, ridging is carried out, film covering is carried out on ridges, the soaked cutting slips are punched and cut on a mulching film within 2-3 days after cutting, a sunshade is built above the planting area, and harvesting is carried out 11 months in the year of transplanting;
wherein the diameter of the punched holes is 4-5 cm during transplanting or cutting, the cutting depth is 3-5 cm, 3-4 rows are planted in each ridge, and the row spacing is 15-20 cm.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the deep ploughing depth before winter is 15-20cm, the rotary ploughing depth before transplanting is 5-8cm, the rotary ploughing times are 3-4 times, and the soil particle size is ensured to be 0.5-1.5 cm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the application amount of the base fertilizer is 80-120 jin/mu, and the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer; the watering amount is 70% -80% of the field water holding amount.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the base fertilizer is applied at a rate of 90-110 jin/mu.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), after the ridges are formed, the ridges are sprayed with the herbicide and then covered with the mulching film.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the herbicide is glyphosate and the spraying amount is 200-300 ml/mu.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the transplanting time is 3 months before the next year.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the sedum plumbizincicola is transplanted in 7 months in the current year and is mowed.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the rhodiola rosea is mown in 7 months of the year in transplanting.
10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ridge width is 60 to 80 cm, the ridge height is 15 to 20cm, and the ridge-to-ridge spacing is 10 to 15 cm.
11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the soil of the target planting area is heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil.
12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the soil of the target planting area is sandy soil which is fertile in texture, high in topography and easy to drain.
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CN110651688B (en) * 2019-11-07 2022-04-08 湖南省农业环境生态研究所 Seedling culture substrate for culturing sedum plumbizincicola with low cadmium content and seedling culture method thereof
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