CN113197023A - Sunflower furrow film ridge planting method - Google Patents
Sunflower furrow film ridge planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113197023A CN113197023A CN202110242934.6A CN202110242934A CN113197023A CN 113197023 A CN113197023 A CN 113197023A CN 202110242934 A CN202110242934 A CN 202110242934A CN 113197023 A CN113197023 A CN 113197023A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention provides a sunflower furrow film ridge planting method, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The method aims at solving the problems that the sunflower planted in the river-cover irrigation area is easy to irrigate due to irrigation lodging in the later growth period and irrigation dead seedlings in saline-alkali soil, so that the sunflower is easy to be affected with drought and is easy to suffer from parasitic and yield reduction. The invention creatively adopts a ditching and film covering machine to complete ditching and fertilizing operation at one time when sunflower is planted, covers a mulching film on the bottom of a ditch to the top of a slope, and manually seeds are sowed on a slope shoulder to form a ditch film ridge planting method which has the advantages of dew collection, rain collection, water retention, root cultivation, irrigation, drainage, lodging resistance and Roche resistance. The method can improve the soil moisture conservation capability of the root layer, promote the developed growth of the root system, prevent waterlogging, resist lodging and has strong plant growth vigor and high yield; the method can achieve the purpose of salt inhibition in moderate saline-alkali soil, improve the seedling protection rate and reduce the harm of the broomrape in the broomrape occurrence area. The technical method is beneficial to industrial application and makes great contribution to the high-quality development of the sunflower industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a sunflower furrow film ridge planting method.
Background
The river-sleeve irrigation area is used as the biggest sunflower production base and the collecting and distributing land in China, and plays a key role in the development of the national sunflower industry. The drought and salinization of soil are serious due to dry climate, less rainfall and large evaporation capacity in the river-sleeve irrigation area, the yield is reduced due to insufficient water supply in the sunflower growth period, particularly in the bud period, and the sunflower is easy to occur in a drought environment. The planting of sunflower in moderate saline-alkali soil easily causes physiological drought, difficult seedling preservation, weak growth vigor, low yield and poor benefit. Therefore, the method has great significance for relieving the drought condition in the growth period of the sunflower.
Although the plastic film mulching can relieve certain drought, the water content of the soil in the key water-requiring period of the crops in the conventional plastic film mulching mode is still at a lower level, so that the growth and development of the crops are limited; although the irrigation in the growth period is an effective measure for solving the drought, the irrigation in the growth period of the sunflowers in the river-sleeve area is easy to fall down, the seedlings of the saline-alkali soil die, and the like, the sunflower planted in the production is not irrigated in the whole growth period, and the yield reduction is serious due to drought. Therefore, a new drought-resistant and lodging-resistant cultivation technical mode is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a sunflower furrow film ridge planting method, which is a furrow film ridge planting technology that when sunflower is planted, a furrow film covering machine is innovatively adopted to complete furrowing and fertilizing operations at one time, a mulching film is covered on the bottom of a furrow to the top of a slope, and seeds are manually sown on the slope shoulders. The technology is simple and convenient, is easy to popularize and operate, is favorable for improving the soil moisture retention capacity of the root layer, promotes the developed growth of the root system, has good plant growth vigor, reduces the Rodang harm, and has obvious salt inhibition effect on saline-alkali soil, thereby realizing yield increase.
In order to solve the technical problem, the sunflower furrow film ridge planting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: land selection and pre-emergence closed weeding
The selected land plot has flat topography and convenient irrigation, the soil salinity is less than or equal to 5g/kg, and the sunflower sclerotinia rot, verticillium wilt and broomrape damage are light. Before soil preparation, proper herbicide is selected according to the types of weeds which are easy to occur, and after application, rotary tillage, raking and pressing are carried out in time.
Step two: ditching, film covering and seed fertilizer applying
The black mulching film is selected, and ditching, mulching and fertilizing operations are completed at one time by using a ditching and mulching machine. Base fertilizer is applied along with the ditching and film covering machine according to the soil fertility status, and the sunflower fertilization recommendation is carried out according to the WeChat public number 'nutrient expert'. 2kg of 5 percent phoxim granules and base fertilizer are uniformly mixed in a plot with serious insect damage and are turned into a plough layer when a ditching and film covering machine works.
Step three: seeding
Watering after ditching and laminating, and timely sowing when the soil humidity reaches the suitable sowing and field operation.
Step four: management of field
A. When the sunflower plant grows to 20-30cm, mechanical intertillage, weeding, additional fertilization and micro-ridging are completed at one time, and the additional fertilization adopts urea and potassium chloride.
B. Irrigating in time after fertilizing, adjusting irrigation quantity according to soil moisture content, irrigating properly from furrow, and irrigating in middle and later growth period to avoid windy and rainy days.
C. And 1 bee box is placed in every 5 mu in the early flowering stage for supplementary pollination, so that the maturing rate is improved.
D. According to the information for predicting and forecasting the occurrence condition of the diseases and insect pests issued by the agricultural technical department and the prevention and treatment method, the diseases and insect pests such as verticillium wilt, meadow moth, sunflower borer and the like can be prevented and treated in time.
Step five: harvesting, storing and recovering mulching film
When the back of the flower disc turns yellow and the lingulate flowers fall off, the coloring change of the seeds is checked in time, when the color of the seeds is bright, harvesting is carried out in time, the flower disc is inclined, aired and dehydrated, threshing can be carried out after airing for about 7-10 days, and the seeds are aired, selected and put in storage in time after threshing. The stalks are cleaned in time after the sunflower is harvested, and the mulching film is recycled, so that the environmental pollution is avoided.
Preferably, the specification of the black mulching film in the second step is 120cm in width and 0.01mm in thickness.
Preferably, after the ditching and film covering machine is adopted in the second step for operation, the opening on the ridge is 40cm, the depth of the ridge is 20cm, the distance between the ridges and the groove is 160cm, and the width of the film on the ridge surface is 20cm, so that the film is completely covered from the bottom of the groove to the shoulder of the ridge.
Preferably, 10-20 kg/mu of base fertilizer diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg/mu of potassium chloride or compound fertilizer (N: P) containing sustained and controlled release is applied along with the ditching and film covering machine in the second step2O5:K2O15: 15:15)30-50 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the third step, the sowing density is 1400 plants/mu, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and the plant spacing is 60 cm.
Preferably, in the third step, the urea and the potassium chloride are applied in an additional mode, and the using amounts of the urea and the potassium chloride are 15-20 kg/mu (the N content is 17%) and 5-10 kg/mu respectively.
Preferably, in the third step, the mechanical micro-ridging height is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, in the third step, the irrigation period is the bud period, and the furrow is irrigated by a proper amount of 60m3Per mu.
The invention has the advantages that the furrow film ridge planting has better soil water retention, temperature increase, saline and alkaline reduction, Rodang resistance and yield increase effects, and compared with the conventional flat culture, the furrow film ridge planting has the U-shaped film mulching, increases the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the earth surface and is beneficial to increasing the ground temperature of 0-30 cm. The mulching film covers the wet ditch slope to the bottom, so that the method is favorable for reducing the evaporation of the ditch bottom, the mulching film is collected and exposed at the ditch bottom, rain is collected, the mulching film is replenished and slowly seeped at the ditch bottom, the uniform supply of water for the roots for a longer time is kept, the root system is convenient to expand and extend, the drought condition of the sunflower in the key water-requiring period is relieved, the growth amount and the lodging resistance of the root system are improved, the water supply area of a plough layer is more uniform, and the growth of the sunflower is more guaranteed. Due to the increase of the moisture of the plough layer, the broomrape is delayed in unearthed, the parasitic quantity is reduced, and the harm of the broomrape is reduced. The furrow film ridge planting of the saline-alkali soil changes the spatial distribution of the accumulation of the saline-alkali surface layer of the original plough layer, relatively reduces the salinity of the sunflower planting root layer, improves the seedling emergence and protection rate, and has obvious yield increasing effect.
Drawings
For a better understanding of the present disclosure, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of sunflower furrow film ridge planting;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of conventional plain planting;
FIG. 3 is a plot of the change in geothermal temperature in 2019;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of ground temperature in 2020 in different treatments;
in the figures, 1-opening; 2-micro-ridging height; 3-black mulching film; 4-ridge surface mulch width; 5-trench depth; 6-after intertillage and micro-hilling; 7-furrow spacing; 8-conventional black mulching film; 9-small row; 10-large row.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The test was carried out in the trial park (40 ° 79 'N, 107 ° 28' E) of the Yanhe river. Tests are respectively carried out on a replenishing land, a broomrape mild occurrence land and a moderate saline-alkali land in the growth period of the mild saline-alkali land.
The method comprises the following steps: land selection and pre-emergence closed weeding
The selected land plot has flat topography and convenient irrigation, the soil salinity is less than or equal to 5g/kg, and the sunflower sclerotinia rot, verticillium wilt and broomrape damage are light. Before soil preparation, proper herbicide is selected according to the types of weeds which are easy to occur, and after application, rotary tillage, raking and pressing are carried out in time.
Step two: ditching, film covering and seed fertilizer applying
After soil preparation, black mulching film with the width of 120cm and the thickness of 0.01mm is selected, a ditching and laminating machine is used for once ditching, ridging, laminating and fertilizing, the specification is that the upper opening of each furrow is 40cm, the depth of each furrow is 20cm, the interval between the furrows is 160c m, the width of the mulching film on each furrow surface is 20cm, the furrow bottom is fully laminated to the ridge shoulder, and sunflower fertilizing recommendation is carried out according to the WeChat public number 'nutrient specialist'. 10-20 kg/mu of base fertilizer diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg/mu of potassium chloride or compound fertilizer (N: P) containing sustained and controlled release is applied along with the ditching and film covering machine2O5:K2O15: 15:15)30-50 kg/mu. 2kg of 5 percent phoxim granules and base fertilizer are uniformly mixed in a plot with serious insect damage and are turned into a plough layer when a ditching and film covering machine works.
Step three: seeding
Watering after ditching and laminating, and timely sowing when the soil humidity reaches the suitable sowing and field operation. The sunflowers were planted on the shoulders of the ridges at a density of 1400 plants/mu. Sowing in 31 days in 5 months, manually dibbling, sowing the seeds at the depth of 2-3cm and the plant spacing of 60cm, and covering sand to seal holes.
Step four: management of field
A. When the sunflower plants grow to 20-30cm, mechanical intertillage, weeding, topdressing and micro-ridging are completed at one time, and urea and potassium chloride are applied at the dosages of 15-20 kg/mu and 5-10 kg/mu respectively.
B. Irrigating water in time after fertilizing, adjusting irrigation amount according to soil moisture content, irrigating 60m from furrow3For each mu, irrigation in the middle and later stages of growth needs to be avoided in windy days and rainy days.
C. And (3) placing 1 bee box for supplementary pollination every 5 mu in the early flowering stage.
D. According to the information for predicting and forecasting the occurrence condition of the diseases and insect pests issued by the agricultural technical department and the prevention and treatment method, the diseases and insect pests such as verticillium wilt, meadow moth, sunflower borer and the like can be prevented and treated in time.
Step five: harvesting, storing and recovering mulching film
When the back of the flower disc turns yellow and the lingulate flowers fall off, the coloring change of the seeds is checked in time, when the color of the seeds is bright, harvesting is carried out in time, the flower disc is inclined, aired and dehydrated, threshing can be carried out after airing for about 7-10 days, and the seeds are aired, selected and put in storage in time after threshing. The stalks are cleaned in time after the sunflower is harvested, and the mulching film is recycled, so that the environmental pollution is avoided.
The comparative example adopts a traditional planting mode. A70 cm conventional black mulching film is selected, planting is carried out on two sides of the mulching film, the small rows are 40cm, the large rows are 100cm, and water is not filled in the whole growth period of the sunflowers.
The furrow film ridge planting is improved by 0.8-2.0 ℃ compared with the ground temperature of 0-30cm in the whole growth period of the conventional flat planting (Table 1); the water content of the soil in the furrow film ridge planting period is improved by 7.36-10.60 percent (shown in the table 2) compared with the water content of the soil with 0-30cm in the whole growth period of the conventional flat planting; the horizontal distribution diameter and the vertical depth of the root system of the sunflower in the furrow film ridge planting grouting period are respectively improved by 23.49 percent and 41.85 percent compared with those of the horizontal planting, and the root number and the fresh weight are respectively improved by 43.28 percent and 71.31 percent (Table 3). The maturity period of furrow film ridge planting is better than that of flat planting, and the plant height, stem diameter and flower disc diameter are respectively increased by 7.38%, 17.06% and 12.56% compared with that of flat planting (Table 4). The lodging rate after furrow film ridge planting seedling stage and bud stage of the slight saline-alkali soil is reduced by 23.63 percentage points compared with that of the flat cropping (Table 5). The emergence of the broomrape was delayed by about 19 days compared with the flat culture in the broomrape light-emergence furrow film ridge planting, and the control effect was 57.83% (table 6). The average soil desalination rate of 0-20cm of furrow film ridge planting in the growth period of the moderate saline-alkali soil is improved by 18.53 percent compared with the flat planting, and the emergence rate and the seedling protection rate are respectively improved by 13 percent and 17 percent compared with the flat planting (Table 7). The slight saline-alkali soil growing period supplementary irrigation land, the broomrape mild emergence land and the moderate saline-alkali soil increase the yield by 20.21 percent, 22.62 percent and 32.61 percent respectively compared with the moderate saline-alkali soil (Table 8).
Table 1 different treatment whole growth period 0-30cm stratal geothermal questionnaire units: c
Note: 1. lower case and upper case letters indicate significance at the 5% and 1% level, respectively, the same below. 2.2020 measuring time, seeding period 5 month 27 days, seedling period 6 month 17 days, bud period 7 month 13 days, flowering period 8 month 7 days, and grouting period 9 month 3 days
Table 2 survey unit of soil water content of 0-30cm root layer in the full growth period with different treatments: is based on
Note: in 2020, the sampling time is 6 months and 17 days in the seedling stage, 7 months and 9 days in the bud stage, 7 months and 31 days in the flowering stage, and 8 months and 26 days in the grouting stage
TABLE 3 investigation of growth of 0-30cm roots in the growth period of sunflower treated differently
Note: in 2018, the sampling time is 6 months and 13 days in the seedling stage, 7 months and 14 days in the bud stage, 8 months and 10 days in the flowering stage, and 8 months and 25 days in the grouting stage
In 2020, the sampling time is 6 months and 17 days in the seedling stage, 7 months and 9 days in the bud stage, 7 months and 31 days in the flowering stage, and 8 months and 26 days in the grouting stage
TABLE 4 plant growth survey of different treatments sunflower in growth period
TABLE 5 lodging rate survey of maturity stage of differently treated sunflower
Table 6 Liaodang soil moisture content, Liaodang parasitism and yield questionnaire
TABLE 7 survey table for salinity, seedling rate and yield of moderately saline-alkali soil
Table 8 different units of the yield measurement of sunflower in treating mild saline-alkali soil by means of irrigation: kg/mu
Claims (8)
1. A sunflower furrow film ridge planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: land selection and pre-emergence closed weeding
Selecting land with flat terrain and convenient irrigation, wherein the soil salinity is less than or equal to 5g/kg, the sunflower sclerotinia rot, verticillium wilt and broomrape have light harm, selecting proper weedicide according to the types of weeds which are easy to occur before land preparation, and carrying out rotary tillage, raking and pressing in time after pesticide application;
step two: ditching, film covering and seed fertilizer applying
Selecting a black mulching film, and completing ditching, mulching and fertilizing operations at one time by using a ditching and mulching machine; the sunflower fertilization recommendation is carried out according to the WeChat public number 'nutrient expert', and a base fertilizer is applied along with a ditching and film covering machine according to the soil fertility condition;
step three: seeding
Watering after ditching and laminating, and timely sowing when the soil humidity reaches the proper sowing and field operation;
step four: management of field
A. When the sunflower plants grow to 20-30cm, mechanical intertillage, weeding, topdressing and micro-ridging are completed at one time, and nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers are topdressed;
B. irrigating in time after fertilizing, adjusting irrigation quantity according to soil moisture content, irrigating properly from furrows, and irrigating in the middle and later growth stages to avoid windy days and rainy days;
C. in the early flowering stage, 1 bee box is placed for supplementary pollination every 5 mu, so that the maturing rate is improved;
D. according to the disease and insect pest occurrence condition prediction and forecast information and the prevention and control method issued by the agricultural technical department, the diseases and insect pests such as verticillium wilt, meadow moth, sunflower borer and the like can be prevented and controlled in time;
step five: harvesting, storing and recovering mulching film
When the back of the flower disc turns yellow and the lingulate flowers fall off, the coloring change of seeds is checked in time, the seeds are harvested in time after being bright in color, the oblique inserting disc is used for airing and dehydrating, threshing can be carried out after airing for about 7-10 days, the threshing is carried out after timely airing and selecting for storage, the stems are cleaned in time after the sunflower is harvested, mulching films are recycled, and environmental pollution is avoided.
2. The sunflower furrow film ridge planting method according to claim 1, wherein the black mulching film in step two is selected to have a width of 120cm and a thickness of 0.01 mm.
3. The sunflower furrow film ridge planting method according to claim 1, wherein after the furrowing and film covering machine is adopted in the second step for operation, the opening on the ridge is 40cm, the furrow depth is 20cm, the furrow interval is 160cm, and the ridge surface mulching film width is 20cm, so that the furrow bottom to the ridge shoulder is fully covered with the film.
4. The sunflower furrow film ridge planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, diammonium phosphate 10-20 kg/mu, potassium chloride 5-10 kg/mu or compound fertilizer (N: P) containing slow release and controlled release is mechanically applied2O5:K2O15: 15:15)30-50 kg/mu.
5. The sunflower furrow film ridge planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the seeding density is 1400 plants/mu, the seeding depth is 2-3cm, and the plant spacing is 60 cm.
6. The sunflower furrow film ridge planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the amount of the applied nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu (N content is 17%) and 5-10 kg/mu respectively.
7. The sunflower furrow film ridge planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the mechanical micro-ridging height is 5-10 cm.
8. The sunflower furrow film ridge planting method according to claim 1, wherein the sunflower furrow film ridge planting method is characterized in thatIn the third step, the irrigation period is the bud period, and the furrow irrigation quantity is 60m3Per mu.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113854088A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-31 | 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院 | Saline-alkali soil leguminous forage grass/sunflower interplanting method |
| CN116267444A (en) * | 2023-03-14 | 2023-06-23 | 中国农业大学 | Sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for severe saline-alkali soil |
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| CN113854088A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-31 | 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院 | Saline-alkali soil leguminous forage grass/sunflower interplanting method |
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