CN112868481A - Green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid region - Google Patents
Green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid region Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 241000007126 Codonopsis pilosula Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001085258 Stephanomeria tenuifolia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 potassium sulfate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000756943 Codonopsis Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000004534 Scutellaria baicalensis Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000017089 Scutellaria baicalensis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008641 drought stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in a dry region, and belongs to the field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The invention aims at solving the problems of the northwest arid climate environment and the prior art, organically combines the straw mulching technology with the codonopsis pilosula cultivation, and aims to provide a green and efficient codonopsis pilosula cultivation method which is simple to operate, suitable for local conditions, green and environment-friendly, low in cost, high in yield and suitable for planting in a dry area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in a dry region.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the international natural medicine market, Chinese medicine is more and more concerned by the world, Chinese medicine production is greatly supported by the national industrial policy, and the domestic market demand is large. The codonopsis pilosula is one of the largest Chinese medicinal varieties in the planting area in China at present, is a traditional Chinese medicinal material used as both medicine and food, is a perennial herb, has medicinal roots, and has the functions of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, strengthening spleen and lung, enhancing immunity and the like.
The northwest of China is the main production area and distribution center of codonopsis pilosula, the area is mainly arid and semiarid climate, seasonal drought stress and high temperature stress coexist, the yield is low and unstable, and the codonopsis pilosula production is seriously influenced. The plastic film mulching is the most widely applied cultivation technology, in recent years, plastic film mulching cultivation is also widely applied to cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, but codonopsis pilosula is fond of mild and cool climate, seedlings are fond of yin, drought and insolation, the high-humidity muggy environment after plastic film mulching is unfavorable for the growth and development of the seedlings, the phenomena of seedling rot and seedling burning are easily caused, and white pollution is serious. Meanwhile, the problems of disordered management mode, non-standard application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers and the like exist in the codonopsis pilosula planting process, the quality and the yield of the codonopsis pilosula are seriously influenced, and the sustainable and healthy development of the codonopsis pilosula industry is hindered. Therefore, the existing codonopsis pilosula planting technology needs to be improved, a new codonopsis pilosula planting method suitable for the northwest arid regions is found, and a green, high-yield and good-quality northwest codonopsis pilosula brand is created.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in a dry region.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions comprises the following steps: A. land preparation and fertilization: soil preparation is carried out to lead soil to be finely crushed and loosened, fertilizer application is mainly carried out by taking organic fertilizer, and a certain amount of fertilizer is applied in a matching way; the fertilizer is generally used as a base fertilizer, has good application effect, can be applied when soil is prepared before transplantation, and can also be applied from soil preparation in autumn and winter to transplantation and field planting.
B. Seedling selection: selecting a variety which has good high yield and is suitable for local planting;
C. planting time: in spring, after the soil is unfrozen from the middle and last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, the seedlings are planted before the seedlings sprout, and generally the earlier the planting time is, the better the planting time is.
D. Planting density: planting at a density of 3-6 cm and a row spacing of 20-25cm, wherein the seedling keeping density is 6.5-8.8 ten thousand plants per mu;
E. planting: adopting a ditching and field planting method, arranging a seedbed into a slope surface during ditching, neatly placing codonopsis pilosula seedlings on the slope surface according to the plant spacing, and covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm;
F. straw covering: the covering method adopts the whole stalk to be uniformly and completely covered in a straight-going way, the ground is smashed and covered in leeward, the covering period is from the transplanting of the radix codonopsitis to the seedling stage, and the effect of covering the seedling stage is optimal particularly in the areas with late temperature return and higher altitude. The covering material is prepared from local materials according to the principle of local conditions.
Furthermore, in the step A, in soil preparation, a land block which is close to the shade, has thick soil layer, loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matters in the same area is selected, the previous stubble is beans or gramineous crops, and the codonopsis pilosula is prohibited from continuous cropping; deep ploughing for 1 time before transplanting, uniformly turning the base fertilizer into soil by combining with the deep ploughing, and leveling to ensure that the soil is finely crushed and loosened.
Further, the fertilizing amount of the fully decomposed organic fertilizer in the fertilizing in the step A is 2000-3000 kg/mu, and 15-25kg of diamine phosphate is applied.
As another mode, in the step a, fertilization before planting is performed: 15-35 kg/mu of urea, 45-75 kg of calcium superphosphate and 4-8 kg of potassium sulfate.
As another mode, in the step a, fertilization before planting is performed: 15-35 kg/mu of urea, 15-25kg of phosphoric diamine and 4-8 kg of potassium sulfate.
Further, in the step B, seedling selection: selecting healthy and strong annual high-quality seedlings which are free from disease and insect infection, mechanical damage and smooth and uniform in surface, 2-4 mm thick in root diameter and more than 15cm long; the codonopsis pilosula variety is selected from Weidang series varieties.
Further, in the planting density of the step D: the density is 4-6 cm according to the plant spacing and 20cm according to the row spacing.
Further, in the planting density of the step D: planting at a plant spacing of 3-4 cm and at a row spacing of 25 cm.
And furthermore, in the step F, the straw is corn straw, flax straw or traditional Chinese medicine crop straw, wherein the coverage of the dried corn straw is 600-1000 kg/mu, and the coverage of other crop straws is flatly laid by a single layer of the crop straw and just covers 2-5 cm of the ground.
Further, the method also comprises the following field management steps of weeding and fertilizing: weeding for 2-3 times every year, obviously reducing the grass potential of codonopsis pilosula in the field after straw covering relative to open field planting, combining weeding and topdressing once in the blooming period of 6-7 months, and topdressing and applying 10-15 kg/mu of urea or foliage topdressing; the foliage dressing is applied immediately after rainfall is selected, 0.5% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or 0.3% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the foliage according to the proportion of 3 kg/mu, the foliage dressing is sprayed once every 7-10 days, and the continuous spraying is carried out for 3-4 times, so that the yield and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula can be effectively improved.
The invention aims at solving the problems of the northwest arid climate environment and the prior art, organically combines the straw mulching technology with the codonopsis pilosula cultivation, and aims to provide a green and efficient codonopsis pilosula cultivation method which is simple to operate, suitable for local conditions, green and environment-friendly, low in cost, high in yield and suitable for planting in a dry area.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example in the selection of seedlings: selecting healthy and strong annual high-quality seedlings which are free from disease and insect infection, mechanical damage and smooth and uniform in surface, 2-4 mm thick in root diameter and more than 15cm long; and (4) heeling in the case that the seedlings cannot be planted on the same day, namely, putting the seedlings in wet soil according to small bundles, and covering the wet soil by 5-10 cm. The codonopsis pilosula variety is high in yield and suitable for being planted locally. Weidang series varieties such as Weidang No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, etc. should be selected in the Gansu Bailufao production region.
The planting method usually adopts a ditching planting method. And (3) digging 25cm deep ditches according to the row spacing, and arranging the seedbed into a slope surface of about 45 degrees during ditching, wherein the slope surface needs to be smooth. And (3) orderly placing the codonopsis pilosula seedlings on the slope according to the plant spacing, then backfilling and covering with next row of ditching and soil lifting, covering with soil with the thickness of 2-3cm, and properly compacting and raking.
After the straw is covered, the stem of the radix codonopsis pilosulae is not uncovered in the whole growth period until the radix codonopsis pilosulae is dug. Fixing a covering material: after covering, the straw is properly pressed or fixed by soil blocks or ropes in time, so that the straw is prevented from being blown away, and particularly, the prevention is strengthened in places and seedling stages where strong wind often occurs.
Harvesting seeds: after the fruits turn yellow brown to soft and the seeds turn black brown in the middle ten months to show that the fruits are mature, manually pulling out the codonopsis pilosula seedling vines to stack in a lump, after the plants are basically dried in the air for several days, directly paving waterproof cloth in the field, beating the plants with bamboo sticks to thresh, removing impurities after threshing, further drying the threshed grains after being crushed, putting the threshed grains into cotton cloth bags, and hanging the cotton cloth bags in a dry and ventilated cool shed for drying.
Example 1
This example uses the Dai-xi agricultural academy to breed Codonopsis pilosula Weidang No. 1, and the seedlings were provided by the task group of Gansu agricultural profession and technology institute, and identified as Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.) by professor Zernig of our institute. The test field was conducted in the double-spring county hokkaimen village (35 ° 13 'N, 104 ° 41' E) in longxi county, gansu province, and belonged to the semi-dry mountain land at an elevation of 1920.65 m, an annual average precipitation amount of 445.8 mm, an evaporation amount of 1440 mm, an annual average air temperature of 7.7 ℃, and an annual average frost-free period of 146 d. The soil is yellow cotton soil, the soil layer is deep and loose, and the previous crop scutellaria baicalensis is adopted.
Planting and early-stage preparation
The codonopsis pilosula likes a mild and cool climate, land blocks which are close to the shade and have thick soil layer, loose soil quality, good drainage and rich organic matters in the same area are selected, deep ploughing is carried out for 1 time before transplanting, base fertilizer is uniformly turned into the soil by combining with the deep ploughing, weeds and stones are removed, and then the land blocks are raked to be fine and leveled, so that the soil is finely crushed and loosened.
The planting time is 2015, 4 months and 5 days, and uniform and healthy seedlings are selected to be obliquely planted and fixedly planted according to the plant spacing of 5cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm. The test area is 200 m2After the previous crops are harvested in summer and autumn, the land is deeply ploughed and harrowed. 35 kg/mu of urea, 50 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied before planting, and no organic fertilizer is applied.
(II) straw mulching
And immediately covering corn straws after the codonopsis pilosula is planted, wherein the covering amount is 1000 kg/mu, and the covering mode is described in the specification. After planting, the straw is covered and tested, and is pressed and fixed by soil blocks.
(III) field management
Weeding is respectively carried out on the test lands in the last ten days of month 5 and the middle ten days of month 7, manual weeding is adopted, the grass situation is that straw coverage is carried out, mulching film outcrop cultivation is carried out, no-coverage cultivation is carried out, and the urea is applied in one time by 15 kg/mu in combination with secondary weeding. The early stage of the florescence of the codonopsis pilosula is paid attention to prevent whether the straw coverage is firm or not, the fixation is strengthened in time, and the straw coverage is firm due to the winding of the seedling vines of the codonopsis pilosula in the later stage.
(IV) harvesting
After frost, collecting underground medicinal materials in time before soil is not frozen, and digging in the experimental field in 11 months and 13 days, wherein most of corn straws are rotten and weathered during digging.
Comparative example
Are set at 200 m each2The mulch outcrop cultivation and non-mulching cultivation test are used as a control, wherein the mulch outcrop cultivation method comprises the following steps: covering with white mulching film with width of 20cm and thickness of 0.01 mm, and covering with the same planting density as straw. The labor for the outcrop cultivation of the mulching film is more than 2 times of that for the traditional planting.
Analysis of benefits
The yield of each test is respectively harvested and calculated, the actual yield of the straw covered mulching film in the embodiment of the invention and the actual yield of the straw uncovered mulching film in the comparative example are respectively 48.84kg, 36.31kg and 35.74kg, and the yield is converted into 162.87 kg/mu, 121.10 kg/mu and 119.18 kg/mu. In the current year, the codonopsis pilosula yield is seriously influenced because the average rainfall in two months is only about 30mm at the average temperature of more than 15 ℃ in 8 to 9 months and the average monthly rainfall is seriously influenced.
In the drought environment of the current year, compared with the three methods, the yield of the codonopsis pilosula planted by the method is remarkably increased compared with that of the codonopsis pilosula planted by mulch film outcrop cultivation and traditional uncovered cultivation, and the yield increase amplitude is respectively 34.50% and 36.66%. The codonopsis pilosula cultivated by straw mulching and mulching film outcrop has large and long finished medicine, good appearance, fresh weight price of 11.6 yuan/kg when sold, and the selling price of the codonopsis pilosula cultivated by adopting the traditional method without mulching is 10 yuan/kg, so that the income per mu of straw mulching is 1889.29 yuan, the income per mu of mulching film outcrop cultivation is 1404.76 yuan, and the income per mu of mulching film outcrop cultivation is 1382.49 yuan. In the aspect of investment, 5kg of mulching film is used per mu of mulching film for outcrop cultivation, the investment is 60 yuan, various crop straws are used for covering, local materials are used, the conditions are adjusted according to the conditions, the environmental pollution caused by large-area burning is reduced, the land fertility is improved, the farmland soil structure is improved, and the investment cost is reduced. In the aspect of labor, the labor required by the outcrop planting of the mulching film is more than 2 times that of the traditional planting, and the outcrop planting of the mulching film needs 14 workers according to 7 workers per mu of land in the traditional planting. The field management needs 3 workers per mu of land each year, the weeding is carried out three times, and 9 workers are needed each year. Because the straw mulching and mulching film open field cultivation weeds are less, the labor for weeding is reduced, the labor cost is calculated according to 2 workers per mu each time, and the labor cost is calculated according to 120 yuan per worker. The labor cost for mulching film head-exposing cultivation in each mu of land is 2400 yuan, the labor cost for traditional cultivation is 1920 yuan, 1 additional worker is additionally covered by straw, and 1680 yuan is needed in total.
Compared with the prior art, the straw mulching cultivation method has the advantages that firstly, the effect of cooling and preserving soil moisture is achieved, the temperature of soil is reduced by 0.99 ℃ when the soil is not covered, and the average water content of the soil is increased by 0.94% when the soil is not covered; secondly, the codonopsis pilosula has high finished product yield and good quality, 36.66 percent and 34.50 percent of yield are respectively increased by using non-mulching and mulching film outcrop cultivation, the quality is good by using non-mulching, and the unit price per kilogram is increased by 1.6 yuan; and thirdly, investment and labor cost are saved, investment is reduced by 60 yuan compared with mulching film open field cultivation, labor is reduced by 2 compared with non-covering, and labor is reduced by 6 compared with mulching film open head cultivation. Therefore, the codonopsis pilosula straw coverage has the highest economic benefit, and compared with the traditional uncovered open field cultivation, the codonopsis pilosula straw coverage has more benefits of 746 yuan, and compared with the mulching film open field cultivation, the codonopsis pilosula straw coverage has more benefits of 1264.5 yuan. The whole planting process of the codonopsis pilosula provided by the method is free of pesticide dependence, and is green and healthy. A summary of comparative analyses of different cultivation methods is shown in Table 1.
Example 2:
in the present example, a white striped party grown in a large area in longxi county, gansu province was used as a test material, and the test material was grown in the high-home bay (35 ° 8 "N, 104 ° 24" E) in double-spring county, longxi county, where the test field belongs to the dry land of the dian mountain region, the elevation 2022.15 m, the annual average precipitation yield 485.6 mm, the evaporation yield 1350 mm, the annual average air temperature 7.2 ℃, and the annual average frost-free period 130 d. The soil is yellow cotton soil, the soil layer is deep and loose, and the previous crop is corn.
The planting time is 3 and 29 days in 2017, and uniform and healthy seedlings are selected to be obliquely planted according to the row spacing of 4cm and the row spacing of 25cm, and the variety of the radix codonopsis is planted into the local radix codonopsis albilineans planted in large area in Longxi province. The test area is 0.5 mu, after the land is harvested from the previous crop, 2000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure and 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate are applied, and the land is ploughed deeply and harrowed flat. And urea of 20 kg/mu is applied as seed manure during transplanting. The covering material is scutellaria baicalensis straws, other transplanting methods are the same as those described in the specification, and meanwhile, 0.5 mu of codonopsis pilosula is planted without covering, and the covering material is used as a control.
Weeding for three times in the later period, the grass potential is obviously vigorous without covering the plot, and 1.5 workers are used for each time. The seeds are harvested in the test field in 10 months and 20 days, and threshed according to the method, the seeds are harvested by 1.08kg, and the seeds are harvested by 0.95kg without covering the codonopsis pilosula. The finished medicine is harvested in 11 months and 15 days, the actual yield of the straw covered and the actual yield of the straw uncovered are 411.26 kg and 353.53 kg respectively, the straw covered yield is increased by 16.33 percent compared with the control, and the yield increasing effect is obvious. When the plants are harvested, the scutellaria baicalensis straws are all rotten and weathered, and the planting in the next year is not affected.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the fertilizer and the dosage are respectively as follows: 35 kg/mu of urea, 25kg of phosphoric diamine and 8kg of potassium sulfate.
Example 4
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the fertilizer and the dosage are respectively as follows: 15 kg/mu of urea, 15kg of phosphoric diamine and 4kg of potassium sulfate.
Example 5
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the fertilizer and the dosage are respectively as follows: 35 kg/mu of urea, 75kg of calcium superphosphate and 8kg of potassium sulfate.
Example 6
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the fertilizer and the dosage are respectively as follows: 15 kg/mu of urea, 45kg of calcium superphosphate and 4kg of potassium sulfate.
Example 7
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: planting density: the plant spacing is 4-6 cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm.
Example 8
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: in planting density: the plant spacing is 3-4 cm, and the row spacing is 25 cm.
Claims (10)
1. A green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. land preparation and fertilization: soil preparation is carried out to lead soil to be finely crushed and loosened, fertilizer application is mainly carried out by taking organic fertilizer, and a certain amount of fertilizer is applied in a matching way;
B. seedling selection: selecting a variety which has good high yield and is suitable for local planting;
C. planting time: after the soil is unfrozen from the middle and the last ten days of 3 months to 4 months in spring, planting seedlings before the seedlings sprout;
D. planting density: planting at a density of 3-6 cm and a row spacing of 20-25cm, wherein the seedling keeping density is 6.5-8.8 ten thousand plants per mu;
E. planting: adopting a ditching planting method, arranging a seedbed into a slope surface during ditching, neatly placing codonopsis pilosula seedlings on the slope surface according to the plant spacing, and covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm;
F. straw covering: the covering method adopts the steps of uniformly and completely covering the whole straw in a forward running manner, crushing and covering the whole straw in leeward land, and covering the whole straw in the covering period from the transplanting of the codonopsis pilosula to the seedling emergence stage.
2. The green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step A, in soil preparation, selecting a land block which is close to the shade, has thick soil layer, loose soil texture, good drainage and rich organic matter in the same area, wherein the previous stubble is beans or gramineous crops, and the codonopsis pilosula is prohibited from continuous cropping; deep ploughing for 1 time before transplanting, uniformly turning the base fertilizer into soil by combining with the deep ploughing, and leveling to ensure that the soil is finely crushed and loosened.
3. The green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step A, the fertilizing amount of the fully decomposed organic fertilizer is 2000-3000 kg/mu, and 15-25kg of diammonium phosphate is applied.
4. The green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: and B, fertilizing before planting in the fertilizing of the step A: 15-35 kg/mu of urea, 45-75 kg of calcium superphosphate and 4-8 kg of potassium sulfate.
5. The green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: and B, fertilizing before planting in the fertilizing of the step A: 15-35 kg/mu of urea, 15-25kg of phosphoric diamine and 4-8 kg of potassium sulfate.
6. The green cultivation method suitable for the straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step B, seedling selection: selecting healthy and strong annual high-quality seedlings which are free from disease and insect infection, mechanical damage and smooth and uniform in surface, 2-4 mm thick in root diameter and more than 15cm long; the codonopsis pilosula variety is selected from Weidang series varieties.
7. The green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in the planting density of the step D: the density is 4-6 cm according to the plant spacing and 20cm according to the row spacing.
8. The green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: in the planting density of the step D: planting at a plant spacing of 3-4 cm and at a row spacing of 25 cm.
9. The green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: and F, covering straws in the straw covering step by using corn straws, flax straws or traditional Chinese medicine crop straws, wherein the coverage of the dried corn straws is 600-1000 kg/mu, and the coverage of other crop straws is flatly laid by using the crop straws in a single layer to just cover the ground for 2-5 cm.
10. The green cultivation method suitable for straw coverage of codonopsis pilosula in arid regions according to claim 9, which is characterized in that: the method also comprises the following field management steps of weeding and fertilizing: weeding 2-3 times per year; applying 10-15 kg/mu of urea or foliage dressing; and (3) spraying 0.5% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or 0.3% monopotassium phosphate to the foliage of the foliage according to 3 kg/mu, spraying once every 7-10 days, and continuously spraying for 3-4 times.
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| CN113678705A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-11-23 | 遵义医科大学 | Cultivation method for improving production efficiency of codonopsis pilosula in arid region |
| CN115413544A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-12-02 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Water-fertilizer efficient cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula in dry land |
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