CN104186154A - Cultivation method for qualified scutellaria baicalensis planted in north and transplanted to south - Google Patents
Cultivation method for qualified scutellaria baicalensis planted in north and transplanted to south Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a scutellaria baicalensis cultivation technology, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for qualified scutellaria baicalensis planted in the north and transplanted to the south. The cultivation method mainly comprises the steps of land selection and furrowing preparation before seed sowing, land selection and furrowing preparation before seed sowing, seed sowing in the first ten-day period of April, seedling management, transplanting and field planting, field management and harvesting. The seedling time of the scutellaria baicalensis is April in the current year, and the harvesting time is April in the next year. The growth cycle of the scutellaria baicalensis is half a year shorter than the two-year growth cycle of scutellaria baicalensis planted in the origin province of Gansu, so that the scutellaria baicalensis supply time is shortened, and the scutellaria baicalensis production quantity is increased. In addition, due to the ridge cultivation technology and the proper temperature (the mean monthly temperature of the Guangdong area in winter is about 14.8 DEG C and the humidity of the Guangdong area in winter is about 71.6), growth and extension of main roots of the scutellaria baicalensis are ensured, the yield of the scutellaria baicalensis is improved (by 10% to 20%), and according to the content determination, the baicalin content of the scutellaria baicalensis planted in Guangdong is obviously higher than that of the scutellaria baicalensis planted in Gansu. The finger-print reflects that the planted scutellaria baicalensis is not greatly different from the scutellaria baicalensis produced in Gansu, and the heavy market requirement can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of root of large-flowered skullcap culture technique, particularly relate to kind south, a kind of north and move qualified root of large-flowered skullcap cultivation method.
Background technology
The root of large-flowered skullcap is Labiatae herbaceos perennial, with root, be used as medicine, there is heat-clearing, eliminating dampness, removing toxic substances, hemostasis and the effect such as antiabortive, be used for the treatment of the diseases such as the infection of the upper respiratory tract, flu, cough with lung heat, fetal irritability, be China's bulk medicinal materials kind, market demand is very large.
The root of large-flowered skullcap is conventional bulk medicinal materials kind, and annual requirement is large, and because pharmaceutical factory in recent years using in a large number, and the reason such as producing region arid causes the underproduction, and market stock is hollow simultaneously, and supply falls short of demand for the source of goods, in order to expand resource, should greatly develop plantation.Only by old producing region, produce authentic medicinal herbs and cannot meet current demand, certainly will will find the new district of suitable planting, Planting in the different location is to increase gross yield, such as the much the same southern area of Guangdong weather.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the narrow and small technical problem of existing root of large-flowered skullcap planting area, the invention provides a kind of root of large-flowered skullcap north and plant the cultivation method that south is moved, not only can cultivate successfully, but also can shorten the cultivation cycle, improve output, meet the demand of the root of large-flowered skullcap.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:
North is planted south and is moved a qualified root of large-flowered skullcap cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
1), selection of land is done furrow and is prepared before sowing, select warm on the sunny side, loose fertile, row irrigation field easily, make 1.2～1.3 meters of furrow face widths, the flat furrow of wide 0.5～0.6 meter, long 10 meters of left and right, the furrow ridge;
2), before sowing, selection of land is done furrow preparation, in ready-made furrow, every square metre is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields 7.5～15 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures that fully become thoroughly decomposed and 25～30 grams of diammonium phosphate, executing 10～15 centimetres of dark soil in rear and furrow fully mixes thoroughly, pound subsequently soil crushing, choose clean stone, root stubble, hug flat furrow face and wait to broadcast;
3), in early April, sow, first in the furrow of having got ready, water sufficient water, after water oozes by the amount of broadcasting of 6～7.5 grams/m of dry seedses, by the seed uniform broadcasting of handling well in furrow, cover subsequently sieve muck or the fertile table soil of 0.5～1 cm thick, then cover film or broken grass, keep moistening in furrow;
4), seedling management, the striping or remove lid grass of should ventilating in time after emerging, according to 3～5 centimetres of in good time seedling thinnings of spacing, weeds out the rank grass;
5), transplant planting, when 7～10 centimetres of heights of seedling, by the plant spacing in the rows of 2 strains of 40 centimetres of line-spacings and 10 centimetres of intersections, ditch and plant;
6), field management:
Intertill and clean tillage, First Year, cultivation uproot 3～4 times, after Second Year, annual 1～2 time;
Thinning and final singling after tidy seedlings output, when 5～7 centimetres of heights of seedling, stay seedling 60 strains left and right to carry out thinning and final singling by every square metre in good time;
Topdress First Year after final singling, and each year seals before ridge every mu after turning green spring and imposes each 5～8 kilograms of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfates at every turn later, and after three fertile mixing, trench digging row replacement, executes rear earthing lid fertile;
Pour water and draining, the seedling initial stage keeps ground moistening, fills with little water, drainage waterlogging prevention when rainy season or rainfall are too much while meeting drought;
Suppression restraining the growth of seedlings, Seedling Stage, selects fine day afternoon, gently steps on or gently press root of large-flowered skullcap acrial part with stone, wooden roller with pin along ridge, and every 3～5 days pressures 1 time, company presses 2 to 4 times;
Lid grass in the ranks, every year after the root of large-flowered skullcap topdresses and loosens the soil, covers 1 centimetre of broken grass or crops straw that left and right is thick in vacant lot in the ranks;
Clipping and carving branch, the field to the seed of not gathering, before blooming, selects fine day morning after buddingging, and flower twig clippers is removed in batches;
The extermination of disease and insect pest, will carry out the various extermination of disease and insect pest at growing period;
7), results:
The results of seed, can be when 7～September, most of fruit ear be by green flavescence, and even fruit ear is cut and packed in bag, then concentrate in together and dry, with wooden stick, pat out seed, pure seed is put into dry place, the built-in cool place of cloth bag and preserve, can gather in the crops 5～10 kilograms, seed for every mu;
The results of root, after transplanting, Second Year is excavated April in spring, and scutellariae,radix is longer, must deep-cut, and full root has been dug during results, could obtain higher output, will avoid hindering root simultaneously and be completely cured.
Further, during seedling management, also need suitably water and topdress.
Further, in described transplant planting step, specifically can plant rear earthing compacting and water in good time, also can first ditch and water, after water oozes, planting again seedling earthing.
Further, in field management step, also comprise the step of filling the gaps with seedlings, in conjunction with thinning and final singling, the position that is seriously short of seedling is transplanted and filled the gaps with seedlings.
Further, described extermination of disease and insect pest step specifically comprises:
Leaf blight control, 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder for their early stage;
Root rot control, selects the plot fertile, draining infiltration water is good of loosening, and rainy season, timely drainage waterlogging prevention, pulled out diseased plant in time, sterilizes with 5% limewash in sick cave;
The control of dodder parasitic disease, initial stage of origination is artificial thoroughly to be extractd or sprays biopesticide " dodder parasitic fungus preparation " and kill;
The control of root of large-flowered skullcap dance moth, the emergence period sprays with 90% chlorophos crystal or 800～1000 times of liquid of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate.
Further, after root results, also comprise the processing of root, after the root of large-flowered skullcap is excavated, remove residual stem, when solarization is extremely half-dried, put into large bamboo or wicker basket and knock Lao Pi, make root be brown color, and then spread airing out to absolutely dry, but can not excessively tan by the sun, otherwise the rubescent quality that affects of root bar, can not wash or be caught in the rain, in case root bar turns green blackout, quality and grade decline.
The seedling raise period of the root of large-flowered skullcap of the present invention April then to collecting time is April next year, than the growth cycle in Gansu, original producton location, within 2 years, shortens six months, thereby has accelerated to provide root of large-flowered skullcap supply time and increased root of large-flowered skullcap production quantity.Secondly, the ridge cultivation technique that the application provides and suitable temperature (In Guangdong Province monthly mean temperature in winter is probably 14.8 ℃ of humidity 71.6) have guaranteed the main root growth elongation of the root of large-flowered skullcap, root of large-flowered skullcap output is increased (10%-20%), and the root of large-flowered skullcap of planting apparently higher than Gansu through the content of baicalin of assay Guangdong plantation.From finger-print reflection, it is little that root of large-flowered skullcap difference is produced in the root of large-flowered skullcap of plantation and Gansu.
Therefore, by the inventive method, realized in Guangdong large area and transplanted the root of large-flowered skullcap, not only the cycle has shortened half a year, and output is also improved, and also difference is little for the quality of the root of large-flowered skullcap simultaneously, can meet the wilderness demand in market.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific implementation method, describe the present invention in detail, in exemplary embodiment and description of the present invention, be used for explaining the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
embodiment 1:
When the present embodiment is specifically implemented, that selects In Guangdong Province represents that Guangzhou is as Experimental Area, 113.2 ° of E of In Guangzhou Area milpa longitude and latitude, 23.1 ° of N, height above sea level: 43.4M, locates monsoon climatic region, subtropics, and climatic characteristic is that temperature is high, precipitation is many, frost day is few, sunshine is many, wind speed is little, thunderstorm is frequent, 21.9 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, frost-free season 347d, annual precipitation 1696.5 mm, annual sunshine duration is more than 1800 h.Specific implementation method of the present invention is as follows:
One, the whole ground of selection of land
Select that soil layer is deep, draining infiltration is good, loose fertile, sunny, neutral or approach neutral loam, sandy loam is advisable, level land, ground, gentle slope, terraced fields all can, suitable nonoculture is planted.
1, selection of land do furrow select warm on the sunny side, loose fertile, row irrigation field easily, make 1.2～1.3 meters of furrow face widths, the flat furrow of wide 0.5～0.6 meter, long 10 meters of left and right, the furrow ridge.
2, apply fertilizer wholely in ready-made furrow every square metre and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields 7.5～15 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures that fully become thoroughly decomposed and 25～30 grams of diammonium phosphate, executing 10～15 centimetres of dark soil in rear and furrow fully mixes thoroughly, pound subsequently soil crushing, choose clean stone, root stubble, hug flat furrow face and wait to broadcast.
Two, sowing, seedling raising and transplanting
1, begin sowing in good time early April, first in the furrow of having got ready, water sufficient water, after water oozes by the amount of broadcasting of 6～7.5 grams/m of dry seedses, by the seed uniform broadcasting of handling well in furrow, cover subsequently sieve muck or the fertile table soil of 0.5～1 cm thick, then cover film or broken grass, keep moistening in furrow.
2,, after seedling management is emerged, should ventilate in time striping or removal lid grass, according to 3～5 centimetres of in good time seedling thinnings of spacing, weed out the rank grass, and suitably water and topdress depending on concrete condition.
3, transplant planting is when 7～10 centimetres of heights of seedling, by the plant spacing in the rows of 2 strains of 40 centimetres of line-spacings and 10 centimetres of intersections, ditches and plants, and earthing compacting in good time watering after planting, also can first ditch and water, and after water oozes, plants seedling earthing again.Nonirrigated farmland should be in conjunction with rainfall field planting without irrigation condition.
Three, field management
1, intertill and clean tillage,, First Year, cultivation uproot 3～4 times, after Second Year, annual 1～2 time.
2, thinning and final singling after tidy seedlings output, when 5～7 centimetres of heights of seedling, stay seedling 60 strains left and right to carry out thinning and final singling by every square metre in good time.
3, fill the gaps with seedlings in conjunction with thinning and final singling, the position that is seriously short of seedling is transplanted and filled the gaps with seedlings.
4, topdress First Year after final singling, each year seals before ridge every mu after turning green spring and imposes each 5～8 kilograms of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfates at every turn later, and after three fertile mixing, trench digging row replacement, executes rear earthing lid fertile.
5, pour water and draining, the seedling initial stage keeps ground moistening, fills with little water while meeting drought.Drainage waterlogging prevention when rainy season or rainfall are too much.
6, suppression restraining the growth of seedlings, Seedling Stage, selects fine day afternoon, gently steps on or gently press root of large-flowered skullcap acrial part with stone, wooden roller with pin along ridge, and every 3～5 days pressures 1 time, company presses left and right 3 times.
7, lid grass in the ranks, every year after the root of large-flowered skullcap topdresses and loosens the soil, covers 1 centimetre of broken grass or crops straw that left and right is thick in vacant lot in the ranks.
8, clipping and carving branch, the field to the seed of not gathering, before blooming, selects fine day morning after buddingging, and flower twig clippers is removed in batches.
Four, the extermination of disease and insect pest
1, leaf blight control, leaf blight harm blade.Their early stage, there is irregular pitchy scab in blade tip and leaf margin, spread from bottom to top gradually later, and when serious, blade is withered comes off, and plant is dead.
Prevent and treat method: 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder for their early stage.
2, root rot control, root rot harm root.The indivedual supporting roots of their early stage and fibrous root browning rot, and spread gradually to whole butt rot later, cause complete stool death.
Prevent and treat method: select loose fertile, plot that draining infiltration water is good, rainy season timely drainage waterlogging prevention.Pulling out in time diseased plant, sterilizes with 5% limewash in sick cave.
3, dodder parasitic disease control, initial stage of origination, artificial thoroughly excision or sprinkling biopesticide " dodder parasitic fungus preparation " are killed.
4, root of large-flowered skullcap dance moth control, the emergence period sprays with 90% chlorophos crystal or 800～1000 times of liquid of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate.
Five, results processing
1, the results of seed can be when 7～September, most of fruit ear be by green flavescence, even fruit ear is cut and is packed in bag, then concentrates in together and dries, and with wooden stick, pats out seed, pure seed is put into dry place, the built-in cool place of cloth bag and preserve, can gather in the crops 5～10 kilograms, seed for every mu.
2, the rear Second Year of transplanting that is harvested from of root is excavated April in spring.Scutellariae,radix is longer, must deep-cut, and full root has been dug during results, could obtain higher output, will avoid hindering root simultaneously and be completely cured.
3, after the processing root of large-flowered skullcap of root is excavated, remove residual stem.Shine and to put into large bamboo or wicker basket when half-dried and knock Lao Pi, make root be brown color, and then spread airing out to absolutely dry, but can not excessively tan by the sun, otherwise the rubescent quality that affects of root bar can not wash or be caught in the rain, in case root bar turns green blackout, quality and grade decline.Medicinal material take root bar slightly long, quality is solid, the yellow person of color and luster is as good.Every mu can 450-750 kilogram of hygroscopic product or dry product 150-250 kilogram.
The technical scheme above embodiment of the present invention being provided is described in detail, applied specific case herein the principle of the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment is only applicable to help to understand the principle of the embodiment of the present invention; , for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiment of the present invention, in embodiment and range of application, all will change, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention meanwhile.
Claims (6)
1. north is planted south and is moved a qualified root of large-flowered skullcap cultivation method, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1), selection of land is done furrow and is prepared before sowing, select warm on the sunny side, loose fertile, row irrigation field easily, make 1.2～1.3 meters of furrow face widths, the flat furrow of wide 0.5～0.6 meter, long 10 meters of left and right, the furrow ridge;
2), before sowing, selection of land is done furrow preparation, in ready-made furrow, every square metre is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields 7.5～15 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures that fully become thoroughly decomposed and 25～30 grams of diammonium phosphate, executing 10～15 centimetres of dark soil in rear and furrow fully mixes thoroughly, pound subsequently soil crushing, choose clean stone, root stubble, hug flat furrow face and wait to broadcast;
3), in early April, sow, first in the furrow of having got ready, water sufficient water, after water oozes by the amount of broadcasting of 6～7.5 grams/m of dry seedses, by the seed uniform broadcasting of handling well in furrow, cover subsequently sieve muck or the fertile table soil of 0.5～1 cm thick, then cover film or broken grass, keep moistening in furrow;
4), seedling management, the striping or remove lid grass of should ventilating in time after emerging, according to 3～5 centimetres of in good time seedling thinnings of spacing, weeds out the rank grass;
5), transplant planting, when 7～10 centimetres of heights of seedling, by the plant spacing in the rows of 2 strains of 40 centimetres of line-spacings and 10 centimetres of intersections, ditch and plant;
6), field management:
Intertill and clean tillage, First Year, cultivation uproot 3～4 times, after Second Year, annual 1～2 time;
Thinning and final singling after tidy seedlings output, when 5～7 centimetres of heights of seedling, stay seedling 60 strains left and right to carry out thinning and final singling by every square metre in good time;
Topdress First Year after final singling, and each year seals before ridge every mu after turning green spring and imposes each 5～8 kilograms of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfates at every turn later, and after three fertile mixing, trench digging row replacement, executes rear earthing lid fertile;
Pour water and draining, the seedling initial stage keeps ground moistening, fills with little water, drainage waterlogging prevention when rainy season or rainfall are too much while meeting drought;
Suppression restraining the growth of seedlings, Seedling Stage, selects fine day afternoon, gently steps on or gently press root of large-flowered skullcap acrial part with stone, wooden roller with pin along ridge, and every 3～5 days pressures 1 time, company presses 2 to 4 times;
Lid grass in the ranks, every year after the root of large-flowered skullcap topdresses and loosens the soil, covers 1 centimetre of broken grass or crops straw that left and right is thick in vacant lot in the ranks;
Clipping and carving branch, the field to the seed of not gathering, before blooming, selects fine day morning after buddingging, and flower twig clippers is removed in batches;
The extermination of disease and insect pest, will carry out the various extermination of disease and insect pest at growing period;
7), results:
The results of seed, can be when 7～September, most of fruit ear be by green flavescence, and even fruit ear is cut and packed in bag, then concentrate in together and dry, with wooden stick, pat out seed, pure seed is put into dry place, the built-in cool place of cloth bag and preserve, can gather in the crops 5～10 kilograms, seed for every mu;
The results of root, after transplanting, Second Year is excavated April in spring, and scutellariae,radix is longer, must deep-cut, and full root has been dug during results, could obtain higher output, will avoid hindering root simultaneously and be completely cured.
2. north according to claim 1 is planted south and is moved qualified root of large-flowered skullcap cultivation method, it is characterized in that:
During seedling management, also need suitably water and topdress.
3. north according to claim 1 is planted south and is moved qualified root of large-flowered skullcap cultivation method, it is characterized in that:
In described transplant planting step, specifically can plant rear earthing compacting and water in good time, also can first ditch and water, after water oozes, planting again seedling earthing.
4. north according to claim 1 is planted south and is moved qualified root of large-flowered skullcap cultivation method, it is characterized in that:
In field management step, also comprise the step of filling the gaps with seedlings, in conjunction with thinning and final singling, the position that is seriously short of seedling is transplanted and filled the gaps with seedlings.
5. north according to claim 1 is planted south and is moved qualified root of large-flowered skullcap cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described extermination of disease and insect pest step specifically comprises:
Leaf blight control, 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder for their early stage;
Root rot control, selects the plot fertile, draining infiltration water is good of loosening, and rainy season, timely drainage waterlogging prevention, pulled out diseased plant in time, sterilizes with 5% limewash in sick cave;
The control of dodder parasitic disease, initial stage of origination is artificial thoroughly to be extractd or sprays biopesticide " dodder parasitic fungus preparation " and kill;
The control of root of large-flowered skullcap dance moth, the emergence period sprays with 90% chlorophos crystal or 800～1000 times of liquid of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate.
6. north according to claim 1 is planted south and is moved qualified root of large-flowered skullcap cultivation method, it is characterized in that:
After root results, also comprise the processing of root, after the root of large-flowered skullcap is excavated, remove residual stem, when solarization is extremely half-dried, put into large bamboo or wicker basket and knock Lao Pi, make root be brown color, and then spread airing out to absolutely dry, but can not excessively tan by the sun, otherwise the rubescent quality that affects of root bar can not be washed or be caught in the rain, in case root bar turns green blackout, quality and grade decline.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104737759A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-01 | 山东省分析测试中心 | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi cultivation method |
| CN108094101A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 大兴安岭地区农业林业科学研究院（大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院） | A kind of radix scutellariae high yield cultivating method |
| CN112715305A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-30 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Planting method of wild-imitating scutellaria baicalensis |
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| CN103621304A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-03-12 | 陇西县农业技术推广中心 | Outcrop cultivation method for Chinese herbal medicine by using 50cm mulch film |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104737759A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-01 | 山东省分析测试中心 | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi cultivation method |
| CN108094101A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-01 | 大兴安岭地区农业林业科学研究院（大兴安岭林业集团公司农业林业科学研究院） | A kind of radix scutellariae high yield cultivating method |
| CN112715305A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-30 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Planting method of wild-imitating scutellaria baicalensis |
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Application publication date: 20141210 |