CN106212017B - Planting method of imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum - Google Patents
Planting method of imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212017B CN106212017B CN201610644603.4A CN201610644603A CN106212017B CN 106212017 B CN106212017 B CN 106212017B CN 201610644603 A CN201610644603 A CN 201610644603A CN 106212017 B CN106212017 B CN 106212017B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of imitating wild peucedanum praeruptorum, comprising the following steps: selecting a sandy loam wasteland with the waster time within 5 years as a planting land block; in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the year, selecting a medicament to carry out primary weeding on the planting land; transplanting the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum in the cloudy day or the first sunny day with wet soil after rain in the last 4 th or the last 5 th of the year, uniformly broadcasting crushed moss obtained by crushing dry moss on a planting land block where the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum are transplanted, and then watering until the crushed moss and a soil layer within 10cm are wet; performing operations of watering and scattering crushed moss additionally according to weather and moss germination conditions; fertilizing at 8 months in the current year or 8 months in the next year; digging the root in the last 12 th of the year or in the last 12 th of the year. The method optimizes the planting process of the peucedanum praeruptorum and carries out wild-imitating planting on the peucedanum praeruptorum, so that the quality of medicinal materials is improved, and a choice is provided for reasonably matching different planting modes and coping with market risks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method of an imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum.
Background
Radix peucedani (Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn) is a perennial herb of Umbelliferae, is taken as a medicine by root, is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places, has the functions of depressing qi and reducing phlegm, dispelling wind and clearing heat and the like, and is mainly used for treating phlegm-heat dyspnea with fullness, yellow and thick sputum, wind-heat cough with excessive phlegm and other symptoms.
In recent years, wild resources of peucedanum praeruptorum are gradually in short supply, artificial cultivation of peucedanum praeruptorum is becoming common and increasing, but the market is still dominated by wild peucedanum praeruptorum. With the increase of market demand, wild resources are seriously exhausted, and the wild peucedanum praeruptorum has difficulty in meeting the market demand.
Therefore, exploring the wild-imitating planting technology of the peucedanum praeruptorum can effectively relieve the contradiction between the market supply and demand of the peucedanum praeruptorum, improve the comprehensive quality of the peucedanum praeruptorum and also play a role in protecting wild resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a planting method of the imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum which is convenient to operate and popularize.
The invention provides a planting method of imitating wild peucedanum praeruptorum, comprising the following steps:
A. selecting a land parcel: selecting a sandy loam wasteland with the waster time within 5 years as a planting land block;
B. primary weeding: selecting a medicament to primarily weed the planting plots in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the current year;
C. transplanting the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum: selecting a cloudy day or an initial sunny day with wet soil after rain for transplanting the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum in the last 4 th or the last 5 th of the year;
D. sowing and breaking moss: uniformly scattering crushed moss obtained by crushing dry moss on a planting land where the seedlings of the peucedanum are transplanted, and watering until the crushed moss and a soil layer within 10cm are wet;
E. field management: performing operations of watering and scattering crushed moss additionally according to weather and moss germination conditions;
F. intertillage and fertilization: fertilizing at 8 months in the current year or 8 months in the next year;
G. harvesting radix peucedani: if the fertilizer is applied in 8 months of the current year, digging the decursia root in 12 last ten days of the current year; if the fertilizer is applied in 8 months of the next year, the decursia gigantea is harvested in 12 months of the next year.
According to one embodiment of the planting method imitating the wild peucedanum praeruptorum dunn, in the step A, the weeds grown on the sandy loam wasteland are weeds with shallow roots and the soil of the sandy loam wasteland is in a natural loose state and has good drainage.
According to one embodiment of the planting method imitating wild peucedanum praeruptorum dunn, in the step B, the medicament is glyphosate or glufosinate.
According to an embodiment of the planting method imitating the wild peucedanum praeruptorum dunn, in the step C, the transplanting row spacing of the peucedanum praeruptorum dunn seedlings is controlled to be (20-30 cm) × (20-30 cm), wherein the time interval from digging out to transplanting into the soil of the peucedanum praeruptorum dunn seedlings for transplanting is not more than 6 hours, and the peucedanum praeruptorum dunn seedlings for transplanting are first-grade peucedanum praeruptorum dunn seedlings with the seedling height of more than 13 cm.
According to one embodiment of the planting method imitating the wild peucedanum praeruptorum, in the step D, the dry moss is obtained by drying moss collected in the middle 8 th month of the first year or in the last 4 th month of the current year in the shade or in the sun, wherein the moss is mainly cucurbit moss.
According to one embodiment of the wild-imitating peucedanum praeruptorum planting method, in the step D, the size of the broken moss fragments is not larger than the size of fingernails of adults, the scattering amount of the broken moss is 7-13 kg/mu, and the accumulated watering time of transplanting the broken moss in the current year is controlled to be 3-5 times.
According to an embodiment of the planting method of the imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum dunn of the invention, in the step E, when meeting continuous days in the half month after transplantation for more than 7 days, one water diversion and watering operation is needed, wherein the watering amount is controlled to be 50-60 m
3Per mu.
According to one embodiment of the planting method imitating the wild peucedanum praeruptorum, in the step E, the germination condition of the moss is checked in the late 6 months of the year, if the moss is unevenly germinated, the supplementary planting operation of broken moss is carried out after heavy rain or moderate rain, and watering is not needed after the supplementary planting operation, wherein the supplementary planting amount of the broken moss is 5-10 kg/mu.
According to one embodiment of the wild-imitating peucedanum praeruptorum planting method, in the step F, moss near peucedanum praeruptorum plants is firstly eradicated, then shallow hoeing and intertillage is carried out on soil around the peucedanum praeruptorum plants, and then nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a hole application mode after rain, wherein the fertilizing amount is 30-50 kg/mu.
According to one embodiment of the planting method imitating the wild peucedanum praeruptorum, in the step G, a bicuspid harrow is adopted to dig the peucedanum root and avoid damaging the root system.
Compared with the prior art, the planting process of the peucedanum praeruptorum is optimized, the wild-like planting is carried out on the peucedanum praeruptorum by utilizing the advantages and biological characteristics of the stubborn vitality of the peucedanum praeruptorum and the actual situation of much wasteland in rural areas, the quality of medicinal materials is improved, and a choice is provided for reasonably matching different planting modes and coping with market risks. The method of the invention avoids the planting and soil preparation link of the peucedanum praeruptorum, reduces the workload of weeding and fertilizing, is beneficial to operation and convenient for popularization, and greatly saves labor and cost.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the planting method of the imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum comprises the following steps.
Step A: selecting land parcel
In the step, sandy loam wasteland with wasteland time within 5 years is selected as a breeding plot.
Preferably, the weeds grown on the sandy loam wasteland are mainly shallow root system weeds, and the soil of the sandy loam wasteland is in a natural loose state and has good drainage, and is not trampled and irrigated by water diversion conveniently and is in a half-cloudy half-sunny land block, so that a better growing environment is provided. The method fully utilizes idle wasteland resources to carry out the wild-imitating planting of the peucedanum praeruptorum seedlings, saves the land cost and has better breeding effect. Wherein, the waste time of the soil is better controlled within 5 years, and if the waste time is too long, weeds and shrubs are more, which is not beneficial to planting the peucedanum praeruptorum.
And B: preliminary weeding
In the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the year, the planting plots are subjected to primary weeding by selecting a medicament.
The preliminary weeding is beneficial to providing a good growth environment for the subsequent transplantation of the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum and avoiding the adverse effect of weeds. Wherein, the selected medicament can be glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium.
And C: transplanting radix Peucedani seedlings
And in the late 4 th or the early 5 th of the year, selecting a cloudy day or an initial sunny day with wet soil after rain to transplant the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum.
In this step, attention is paid to the control including the quality of the seedlings of peucedanum praeruptorum and the transplanting row spacing of the seedlings of peucedanum praeruptorum, so that the growth of the seedlings of peucedanum praeruptorum and the quality of the peucedanum praeruptorum after transplanting are better guaranteed. According to the invention, the time interval from digging out to transplanting into soil of the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum used for transplanting is controlled not to exceed 6h so as to improve the survival rate of transplanting, and meanwhile, the first-grade seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum with the height of more than 13cm are preferably selected as the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum used for transplanting so as to ensure the quality of the peucedanum praeruptorum. The transplanting line spacing of the peucedanum praeruptorum seedlings is controlled to be (20-30 cm) × (20-30 cm), and preferably 20cm × 20 cm.
Step D: broadcast sowing of broken moss
Uniformly scattering crushed moss obtained by crushing dry moss on a planting land where the seedlings of the peucedanum are transplanted, and watering until the crushed moss and a soil layer within 10cm are wet.
The aim of broadcasting and planting the broken moss in the step is to establish a wild-imitating peucedanum praeruptorum planting mode and a proper ecosystem, so that the aims of saving the cost and improving the quality of medicinal materials can be achieved. The traditional wild-imitating planting method of the peucedanum praeruptorum has the big defect that a reasonable community three-dimensional structure cannot be well established, namely, the peucedanum praeruptorum and some weeds which are higher than the plants of the peucedanum praeruptorum exist in a land block in a mixed mode, the weeds compete for a photosynthetic space and a plant leaf extending space with the peucedanum plants to a great extent, meanwhile, root systems of some weeds are deeper or more developed, compete for nutrients with the peucedanum praeruptorum on the underground surface, an ecological system which is beneficial for the peucedanum praeruptorum to obtain ecological advantages and economic yield cannot be well established from the aspects of nutrients and space utilization, and the lower yield of the. The wild-simulated peucedanum praeruptorum planting method can plant moss among peucedanum praeruptorum plants in a broadcast-sowing and moss-crushing mode, can inhibit weed growth on one hand by transplanting large seedlings (first-stage seedlings) of peucedanum praeruptorum and then planting and growing a layer of moss among the peucedanum praeruptorum plants, and on the other hand, the planted moss does not influence photosynthesis and nutrient utilization of peucedanum praeruptorum plants because the moss is a shallow root system or a pseudoroot system and the overground part thickness of the moss is not as high as that of common weeds. Meanwhile, the peucedanum praeruptorum is a kind of yin-loving plant, and is usually cultivated in the soil-wet places such as semiyin and semiyang, and the like, and the conditions can also provide good ecological environment for the planting and growth of the moss. The planted moss can keep soil moist to a certain extent, reduce the water management difficulty of planting and producing peucedanum praeruptorum in mountainous areas, keep the loose structure of the soil and reduce the difficulty of intertillage and excavation. Therefore, the peucedanum praeruptorum and the moss form a good ecological system with positive feedback, and the characteristics of the system are particularly suitable for constructing the wild-imitating planting mode of the peucedanum praeruptorum.
Specifically, the dry moss used in the invention is obtained by drying or sun-drying moss collected in the middle 8 th month or the last 4 th month of the year in the shade, and the moss is mainly cucurbit moss. The dry moss obtained by the method contains a large amount of moss spores which can be bred, so that the moss can quickly grow and breed after being sowed and planted and form a moss layer on the planting land of the peucedanum praeruptorum, the growth of weeds is effectively inhibited, and the growth of the peucedanum praeruptorum is facilitated. Wherein the size of the broken pieces of the broken moss is controlled to be not larger than the size of the nails of adults so as to improve the reproduction rate of the moss. And the scattering amount of the broken moss is controlled to be 7-13 kg/mu so as to ensure that the covering surface of the moss layer is large enough.
After the broken moss is broadcast, in order to be beneficial to the planting of the moss, water needs to be introduced as soon as possible to wet the broken moss and to ensure that a soil layer within 10cm is wet and has a large water content so as to ensure a proper planting and growing environment. In order to ensure the growth of the moss, the accumulated watering frequency of the transplanting in the current year is preferably controlled to be 3-5 times.
Step E: management of field
After transplanting, the operations of watering and scattering broken moss are carried out according to the weather and the moss germination condition so as to ensure good wild growth environment of the peucedanum praeruptorum seedlings.
Specifically, when the transplanted seedlings meet continuous days for more than 7 days in the half month, one water diversion and watering operation is needed to provide enough water for the germination of moss and the growth of the seedlings of peucedanum praeruptorum, wherein the watering amount is controlled to be 50-60 m
3Per mu.
And the germination condition of the moss is checked in the last 6 th of the year, if the moss is unevenly germinated, the supplementary sowing and planting operation of the broken moss is carried out after heavy rain or moderate rain, and watering is not needed after the supplementary sowing and planting operation, wherein the supplementary sowing amount of the broken moss is 5-10 kg/mu.
Step F: intertilling and fertilizing
Fertilizing in the current year or next 8 months of transplanting the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum. If the peucedanum praeruptorum seedling is planned to be transplanted, the peucedanum praeruptorum root is harvested at the bottom of the current year, and the fertilizer is applied for 1 time in 8 months of the current year, and the moss is grown initially, so that the weeds can be inhibited to a certain extent, and the weeds do not need to be removed; if the decursia decursiva is dug and harvested at the end of the next year, the fertilization is only carried out for 1 time in 8 months of the next year after the transplantation, and the weeding and the fertilization are not needed in the current year of the transplantation.
During fertilization, the moss near the peucedanum praeruptorum plant is firstly eradicated (can be eradicated), then shallow hoeing and intertillage is carried out on the soil around the peucedanum praeruptorum plant, and then nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is fertilized in a hole application mode after rain, wherein the fertilizing amount is 30-50 kg/mu.
Step G: qian Hu Cao
If the fertilizer is applied in 8 months of the current year, digging the decursia root in 12 last ten days of the current year; if the fertilizer is applied in 8 months of the next year, the decursia gigantea is harvested in 12 months of the next year. When digging, the root of the decursia decursiva is dug by a two-tooth harrow and the root system is prevented from being damaged.
The method optimizes the planting method of the peucedanum praeruptorum dunn, carries out wild-imitating planting, improves the quality of medicinal materials, fully utilizes the waste land of rural areas in mountainous areas which gradually changes in recent years, effectively relieves the contradiction between supply and demand of the market of the high-quality peucedanum praeruptorum dunn, and can also play a role in protecting wild resources. Meanwhile, the invention avoids the soil preparation link of planting the peucedanum praeruptorum, reduces the workload of weeding and fertilizing, only needs one intertillage and one fertilizer application in the production period of the peucedanum praeruptorum of one or two years, and the operation time is determined according to the needs, thereby greatly saving labor and cost. In addition, the method of the invention is simple, convenient and flexible to operate and has good economic, ecological and social benefits.
It should be understood that the above detailed description of the present invention and the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above description are included in the scope of the present invention. The specific parameters and the like in the following examples are also only an example of suitable ranges, and those skilled in the art can select the parameters and the like within the suitable ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values and the specific steps in the following examples.
Example (b):
and in 2013 and 2 months, selecting a plot with the soil property of sandy loam, the waste land within 4 years, the soil in a natural loose state and the weeds with shallow root systems and the area of about 2 mu as a test plot. The test plot is in a mountain valley, shady and leeward, has a slope of 25 degrees and an altitude of 700 m. Moreover, through observation and interviewing with farmers, the situation that spring water flows through the periphery of the test plot frequently in rain or after rain is known, and water diversion and irrigation are convenient.
The specific procedures for planting the pseudo-wild peucedanum praeruptorum by using the test plot and the related yield and cost results are as follows.
In late 3 months, the glyphosate is used for primarily removing weeds, and the glyphosate dosage of 2 mu of land is 400ml, and the glyphosate is sprayed once.
In the late ten days of 4 months, in the cloudy day with moist soil after rain stops (the highest temperature is 29 ℃ in the day), planting is carried out according to the row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20cm, the peucedanum seedlings used for transplanting are first-class seedlings with the average seedling height of about 13.5cm, a transplanting mode of digging and planting is adopted, namely, the peucedanum seedlings are immediately transplanted into the soil after digging out the soil, and the time of the transplanting process is 4 hours. When transplanting, digging soil to form a gap by holding the small hoe with one hand, holding the peucedanum seedlings with root systems stained with slurry with the other hand, putting the root systems of the peucedanum seedlings into the gap of the dug soil, loosening the small hoe, slightly pressing soil with the hoe, and enabling the seedlings to be inclined so that the root systems of the peucedanum seedlings are attached to the soil.
Drying moss (mainly cucurbit moss) collected in the middle of 8 months of the first year in the shade to form dry moss, then crushing the dry moss into crushed moss, wherein the crushed moss is 1/3-1/2 of adult fingernails, and collecting finer dry moss powder and uniformly mixing the crushed moss (containing a large amount of reproducible moss spores). After the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum are transplanted, the crushed moss is uniformly scattered on the land mass, and the scattering amount of 2 mu of land is 20 kg. After the broken moss is sowed and planted, the rain-induced spring water wets the moss and ensures that the soil water content in a soil layer within 10cm is larger, and the estimated watering amount is 50m
3. Watering 3 times a year to ensure the growth of the moss.
After transplanting, the plant is watered once in the ninth day after 8 days without rain, and the watering mode is that plastic pipes are used for guiding spring water for watering. Water pipe nozzleRepeatedly and uniformly irrigating the land parcels with water consumption of 60m per mu
3. And then checking the germination condition of the moss in the late 6 months, finding that the moss is uneven in germination, supplementing and scattering the crushed moss once, and after a heavy rain day when the time for supplementing and scattering the crushed moss is 7 months, supplementing and scattering the crushed moss, and then not watering.
Performing differential treatment on 2 mu of test plots, wherein 1 mu of test plots is subjected to intertillage for 1 time and fertilization for 1 time in 8 months in 2013, namely 50kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied after raining in late 8 months after intertillage, and the fertilization mode is hole fertilization; and (3) intertillage and fertilization are carried out for 1 time and 1 time in another 1 mu in 8 months in 2014, 50kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied after the intertillage after the selection of rain, the fertilization mode is hole fertilization, and the fertilization is not carried out and is not carried out for the other mu in the period from 8 months in 2013 to 8 months in 2014. Observed respectively in 12 months in 2013 and 12 months in 2014, the seedling retention rate of the plot subjected to intertillage fertilization in 8 months in 2013 is 85 percent, the seedling retention rate of the plot subjected to intertillage fertilization in 8 months in 2014 is 80 percent, about 10 percent of the plot subjected to bolting, flowering and decursia root lignification cannot be used for pesticide application, and the effective seedling retention rate (peucedanum plant capable of pesticide application) of 1 mu of plot subjected to intertillage fertilization in 8 months in 2014 is 72 percent.
And in the last 12 th ten days of 2013 and in the last 12 th ten days of 2014, digging and harvesting the decursia roots for two acre of land blocks respectively, and preserving the root systems during digging. And respectively counting the yield per mu and calculating the average single plant yield according to the seedling protection rate.
The results were: the yield per mu of the decursia decursiva harvested in 12 th ten days in 2013 is 170kg, the yield per mu is about 12350 plants when the decursia decursiva is harvested, and the average yield per plant is about 0.013 kg; the acre yield of the decursia decursiva dug in 12 th ten days in 2014 is 240kg, 10480 plants can be used as the medicine during digging, and the average single plant yield is about 0.023 kg. And calculating the cost: as the respective treatment modes of 2 mu land blocks are the same, the two mu land blocks are considered to have the same cost only by the different management times of field intertillage fertilization and digging and the same task amount and deducting factors such as currency expansion and the like. Through analysis, the cost for producing 1 mu is as follows: the cost of the seedlings is 100 yuan; the land is a barren land with the rent of 0 yuan; the comprehensive cost of pesticide and pesticide spraying is 50 yuan/mu, and the planting cost is 200 yuan/mu; the comprehensive cost of moss and broadcast moss is 150 yuan/mu; the watering cost is 50 yuan/mu; the intertillage cost is 100 yuan/mu; the cost of the fertilizer is 100 yuan/mu; the fertilization cost is 50 yuan/mu; the cost of harvesting Peucedanum praeruptorum is 200 yuan/mu. The cost per mu is about 1000 yuan through statistics.
Comparative example:
the same region of crop field was leased in 2 months in 2013 and 2 months in 2014 as a control plot and was produced according to the common peucedanum cultivation method. The areas of the plots leased in 2013 and 2014 in 2 are respectively 1 mu, the spaces of the two plots are adjacent, and the soil structure and the soil fertility are basically consistent. The two plots are in the valley, shady and leeward, slope 15 degrees and altitude of about 750 m. The front crops of the two plots are both sweet potatoes.
The planting procedure and associated yield and cost results using the two comparative plots and using conventional cultivation methods are as follows.
In late 2 months, ploughing contrast plot soil; in late 3 months, opening and finishing the compartment; in the late ten days of 4 months, digging pits, planting in a row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 25cm on a cloudy day (the highest temperature is 30 ℃ in the day) with wet soil after rain stops, wherein the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum used for transplanting are first-class seedlings with the average seedling height of about 13.5cm, and a transplanting mode of digging and planting is adopted, namely, the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum are immediately transplanted into the soil after digging out of the soil, and the time of the transplanting process is 3.5 hours. After transplanting, root fixing water is not needed to be poured.
According to observation, the two comparison plots have more rainwater in spring and summer, the weeds grow vigorously after fertilization, and the growth vigorous period of the peucedanum praeruptorum plants is in the next half year, so base fertilizer is not applied to the comparison plots. Respectively applying seedling lifting fertilizer, seedling strengthening fertilizer and rooting fertilizer to two comparative plots in the middle of 5 th month, the middle of 6 th month and the middle of 8 th month in 2013 and in the middle of 5 th month, the middle of 6 th month and the middle of 8 th month in 2014, wherein the fertilization types and the fertilization amounts are respectively 20kg, 25kg and 30kg of 15: 15: 15, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer. The weeding time is respectively 5, 6, 7 and 8 days, 4 times a year.
And performing field management such as daily irrigation and drainage, watering for 2 times in total, wherein the watering time of the two comparative plots is respectively in the last 5 th and 6 th of 2013 and in the last 5 th and 6 th of 2014.
The pest control is carried out according to the conventional method, because weeds are removed relatively timely, the application amount of the fertilizer is relatively large, overground parts of plants grow vigorously, the occurrence of diseases is frequent relative to wild-like cultivation, and the pest control is carried out for 2 times in a year. And observing the first comparison plot in 12 months in 2013 and the second comparison plot in 12 months in 2014, wherein the seedling protection rate is about 95 percent, and the first comparison plot and the second comparison plot are not bolting and flowering, and can be used as medicines for picking and digging. According to statistics, the number of plants which can be used as medicines is about 11400 and 11500 respectively.
And respectively digging two comparison plots in the last 12 th ten days of 2013 and the last 12 th ten days of 2014 to harvest decursia, counting the acre yield, and calculating the average single plant yield according to the seedling protection rate.
The results were: the yield per mu of the peucedanum harvested in 12-month late ten days of 2013 is 255kg, 11400 plants are harvested, and the average yield per plant is about 0.022 kg; the mu yield of the peucedanum harvested in 12 th Lay ten days in 2014 is 263kg, 11500 plants can be used as the medicine during harvesting, and the average single-plant yield is about 0.023 kg. And calculating the cost: the cost for producing 1 mu of radix peucedani medicinal materials by the conventional method is as follows: the cost of the seedlings is about 100 yuan; the land is rented for 800 yuan; the cost of land preparation and unpacking is 300 yuan; the cost of digging and planting is 200 yuan/mu; the comprehensive cost for preventing and treating root rot is 50 yuan/mu; the watering cost is 100 yuan/mu; the intertillage weeding cost is 400 yuan/mu; the fertilizer cost is 150 yuan/mu; the fertilization cost is 150 yuan/mu; the cost of harvesting Peucedanum praeruptorum is 200 yuan/mu. The cost per mu is about 2500 yuan after statistics.
TABLE 1 cost composition tables for examples and comparative examples
In the aspect of yield: the two test plots in the example using the method of the present invention had yields of 170kg (1 year peucedanum) and 240kg (2 year peucedanum), respectively, and had economic benefits per unit cost (here benefits are in terms of yield) of 0.17 kg/yuan (1 year time period) and 0.23 kg/yuan (2 year time period), while the individual yields were about 0.013kg and 0.023kg, respectively. Whereas the yields of the two comparative plots in the comparative example using the conventional method were 255kg (2013) and 263kg (2014), respectively, the economic benefit per unit cost (here, the benefit is in terms of yield) was 0.102 kg/yuan (2013) and 0.105 kg/yuan (2014), and the individual yields were about 0.022kg and 0.023kg, respectively. According to the economic benefit generated by unit cost, the method provided by the invention adopts broadcast planting moss to obviously inhibit weed growth, so that the influence on the plant of the peucedanum praeruptorum is small, meanwhile, the cost is saved by selecting a wasteland, and the economic benefit of the unit cost can be improved.
In conclusion, the method optimizes the planting process of the radix peucedani, utilizes the advantages and biological characteristics of the stubborn vitality of the radix peucedani and the actual situation of much wasteland in rural areas to plant the radix peucedani in a wild-imitating way, improves the quality of medicinal materials, and provides a choice for reasonably matching different planting modes and coping with market risks. The method of the invention avoids the planting and soil preparation link of the peucedanum praeruptorum, reduces the workload of weeding and fertilizing, is beneficial to operation and convenient for popularization, and greatly saves labor and cost.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. The planting method of the imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. selecting a land parcel: selecting a sandy loam wasteland with the waster time within 5 years as a planting land block;
B. primary weeding: selecting a medicament to primarily weed the planting plots in the middle and last ten days of 3 months in the current year;
C. transplanting the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum: selecting a cloudy day or an initial sunny day with wet soil after rain for transplanting the seedlings of the peucedanum praeruptorum in the last 4 th or the last 5 th of the year;
D. sowing and breaking moss: uniformly scattering crushed moss obtained by crushing dry moss on a planting land where seedlings of peucedanum are transplanted, and watering until the crushed moss and a soil layer within 10cm are wet, wherein the crushed moss can rapidly grow and propagate after being scattered and planted and forms a moss layer on the planting land of peucedanum, the crushed moss is cucurbit moss, the scattering amount is 7-13 kg/mu, and the accumulated watering frequency of the current year of transplanting is controlled to be 3-5 times;
E. field management: performing operations of watering and scattering crushed moss additionally according to weather and moss germination conditions;
F. intertillage and fertilization: fertilizing at 8 months in the current year or 8 months in the next year;
G. harvesting radix peucedani: if the fertilizer is applied in 8 months of the current year, digging the decursia root in 12 last ten days of the current year; if the fertilizer is applied in 8 months of the next year, the decursia gigantea is harvested in 12 months of the next year.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step A, the weeds in the sandy loam wastelands are shallow root weeds and the soil in the sandy loam wastelands is naturally loose and has good drainage.
3. The method for planting pseudo-wild peucedanum praeruptorum dunn according to claim 1, wherein in step B, the chemical is glyphosate or glufosinate.
4. The wild-simulated peucedanum praeruptorum dunn planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, the transplanting row spacing of the peucedanum praeruptorum dunn seedlings is controlled to be (20-30 cm) × (20-30 cm), wherein the time interval from digging out to transplanting into soil of the peucedanum praeruptorum dunn seedlings for transplanting is not more than 6h, and the peucedanum praeruptorum dunn seedlings for transplanting are first-grade peucedanum praeruptorum dunn seedlings with the seedling height of more than 13 cm.
5. The method for planting the pseudo-wild peucedanum praeruptorum as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step D, the dry moss is obtained by drying in the shade or in the sun from the moss collected in the middle 8 months of the first year or in the upper 4 months of the year.
6. The wild-simulated peucedanum planting method of claim 5, wherein in step D, the fragment size of said crushed moss is no greater than the nail size of an adult.
7. The imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum dunn planting method according to claim 1The method is characterized in that in the step E, when the transplanted half moon meets continuous days for more than 7 days, one water diversion and watering operation is needed, wherein the watering amount is controlled to be 50-60 m
3Per mu.
8. The planting method of the imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step E, the germination of the moss is checked in late 6 months of the year, if the moss germinates unevenly, the replanting planting operation of the broken moss is performed after heavy rain or moderate rain, and watering is not needed after the replanting planting operation, wherein the replanting amount of the broken moss is 5-10 kg/mu.
9. The wild-imitated peucedanum praeruptorum dunn planting method of claim 1, wherein in step F, moss near peucedanum praeruptorum dunn plants is firstly eradicated, then soil around the peucedanum praeruptorum dunn plants is subjected to shallow hoe intertillage, and then nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a hole-application manner after rain, wherein the fertilizing amount is 30-50 kg/mu.
10. The method for planting pseudo-wild peucedanum praeruptorum dunn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step G, a bicuspid harrow is used to dig peucedanum praeruptorum dunn and avoid damaging root system.
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| JP2006314212A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-24 | Imamura Techno:Kk | Rooftop-greening culture soil |
| CN101091437A (en) * | 2007-07-14 | 2007-12-26 | 宁国千方中药发展有限公司 | Imitated wild breeding Ning hogfennel root and standardized planting method |
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| JP2006314212A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-24 | Imamura Techno:Kk | Rooftop-greening culture soil |
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