CN105027725A - Method for fast improving newly-reclaimed saline wasteland - Google Patents
Method for fast improving newly-reclaimed saline wasteland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fast improving newly-reclaimed saline wasteland. The method is achieved through the steps of land formation, irrigation salt leaching, alkali pressing by laying sand, forward crop planting and crop rotation planting. The method has the beneficial effects that according to the method for fast improving the newly-reclaimed saline wasteland, the yield of oil sunflowers, beet and other saline-alkaline tolerant forward crops can be improved by above 20%, and the stable yield of wheat after three years is 6,000 kg/hm<2>; meanwhile, desalination can be fast achieved through land formation, alkali pressing by laying the sand and irrigation salt leaching; efficient utilization can be achieved through forward crop planting and reasonable crop rotation, and the newly-reclaimed saline wasteland is improved when utilized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to land improvement method and technology field, be specifically related to a kind of quick improvement method of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland.
Background technology
Newly broken refers to, the foothill structute formed in neotectonic movement and continuous erosion process before diversion irrigation, ancient fluvial terrace, fluctuating mound and the low mountain of soil property, due to drought, precipitation rareness, in soil, accumulative salinity still residues in soil in a large number in the past.After diversion irrigation, soil, through smooth, form the platform plateau of multistage gradient, can have some output, but still face the problems such as salt content is high, preserve moisture and fertility ability, need badly and realize stable high yield by quick desalination transformation.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides a kind of quick improvement method of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of quick improvement method of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland, that employing is leveled land, irrigates the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, spread husky method realization of pressing alkali, plantation pioneer crop, crop rotation to plant, newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland after improvement, plantation Salt And Alkali Tolerance pioneer crop increases production more than 20%, wheat stable yields 6000kg/hm after 3 years then
2.
Further, the quick improvement method of above-mentioned a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland, described in the method for leveling land be: retain topsoil mellow soil, keep face, field gradient, direction of pouring water is that longitudinal gradient is less than 1/500, transverse horizontal.
Further, the quick improvement method of above-mentioned a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland, the method for the described irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is: after the summer harvest terminates 8, September, and in conjunction with the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 1 time of leveling land, irrigation volume is 2100m
3/ hm
2, a smooth soil again after irrigation; In conjunction with the winter irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 1 time again, irrigation volume is 2700 ~ 3000m
3/ hm
2, rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation after filling with, according to plant growth needs between ploughing season, pour water 3-5 time, pour water 1200 ~ 1500m at every turn
3/ hm
2, irrigation volume, so that salinity is drenched 1m soil layer, can meet again the demand of crop normal growth to moisture and be as the criterion.
Further, the quick improvement method of above-mentioned a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland, the method for described paving sand pressure alkali is: every 3 years, on newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland upper berth, 1 time carefully silk floss was husky, and spread 2 ~ 3 times altogether, spreading husky thickness is 8 ~ 10cm.
Further, the quick improvement method of above-mentioned a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland, the method of described plantation pioneer crop is, first batch of crop choice Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop on newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland or leguminous greenmanuring crop, described Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop is oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, beet, malting barley or matrimony vine, and described leguminous greenmanuring crop is alfalfa, Vicia sativa, common vetch or daghestan sweet clover.
Further, the quick improvement method of above-mentioned a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland, the method for described crop rotation plantation is:
Plant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers (edible certain herbaceous plants with big flowers), corn (old film utilization) and wheat successively, or
Planting beet (fodder beet, malting barley), oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers (edible certain herbaceous plants with big flowers), corn (old film utilization) and wheat successively, or
Plant annual leguminous forage, corn, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers (old film utilization) and wheat successively, or
Single alfalfa also stays bed throughout the year, or
Single matrimony vine, matrimony vine juvenile stage and annual leguminous forage intercropping, or
Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers (fodder beet) continuous cropping, or
Annual leguminous forage continuous cropping;
Described annual leguminous forage is Vicia sativa or common vetch.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the quick improvement method of a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland provided by the invention, wheat stable yields 6000kg/hm after the Salt And Alkali Tolerance pioneer crops such as oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, beet can be made to increase production more than 20%, 3 years then
2, meanwhile, by land readjustment, paving husky pressure alkali and the irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, can quick desalination be realized; By plantation pioneer crop and efficent rotation, can efficiency utilization be realized, and make it be improved in utilization.
Embodiment
embodiment 1:
After the summer harvest in 1st year terminates 8, carry out land readjustment September, retain topsoil mellow soil as far as possible, longitudinally (direction of pouring water) gradient is less than 1/500, transverse horizontal.Washing salinity by irrigation 1 time after land readjustment, irrigation volume 2100m
3/ hm
2, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 1 time again during winter irrigation, irrigation volume 3000m
3/ hm
2, after pouring water, note the soil moisture conservation of rake a kind of farm tools at every turn.Winter ground freeze-up after, paving 8 ~ 10cm's is thin continuous husky.Within 2nd ~ 4 years, adopt the rotation system of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers (overlay film) → corn (old film utilization) → wheat.Result shows, quick improvement Application way is compared with conventional method, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers output adds 12.8%, and corn yield adds 10.4%, and wheat yield adds 8.7%, and reaches 6124.5kg/hm
2, at the end of the rotation cycle, 40cm soil layer salt content have dropped 27.2%, 100cm soil layer salt content and have dropped 18.3%, and spring, accumulation of salt in the surface soil rate have dropped 52.4%.
embodiment 2:
Land readjustment, the paving sand of the 1st year are pressed alkali and are irrigated the measures such as the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching with embodiment 1.Within 2nd ~ 5 years, adopt the rotation system of Vicia sativa+common vetch (mixed seeding, full-bloom stage turns over also field) → corn (overlay film) → oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers (old film utilization) → wheat.Result shows, the fresh grass amount of leguminous green manure mixed seeding reaches 14372kg/hm
2, turn over soil organic matter content after going back field and improve 8.63%, the output of maize planting, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, wheat reaches 11295kg/hm respectively
2, 4927kg/hm
2and 6063kg/hm
2, compared with traditional improvement method, output adds 9.64%, 13.15% and 9.27% respectively, and at the end of the rotation cycle, 40cm soil layer salt content have dropped 41.8%, 100cm soil layer salt content and have dropped 24.5%, and spring, accumulation of salt in the surface soil rate have dropped 61.2%.
embodiment 3:
Land readjustment, the paving sand of the 1st year are pressed alkali and are irrigated the measures such as the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching with embodiment 1, and the 2nd year plantation alfalfa, stays bed throughout the year.Result shows, plants and can gather in 2 batches every year after 3 years, and fresh grass amount can reach 6.3 ten thousand kg/hm
2, compared with traditional improvement method, 40cm soil layer salt content have dropped 48.5%, 100cm soil layer salt content and have dropped 31.2%.
embodiment 4:
Land readjustment, the paving sand of the 1st year are pressed alkali and are irrigated the measures such as the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching with embodiment 1, the 2nd year plantation matrimony vine, and the annual leguminous green manure of juvenile stage (the first three years) intercropping, adopts Vicia sativa+common vetch mixed seeding, and full-bloom stage turns over goes back field.Result shows, plants dried fruit of lycium barbarum output after 3 years and reaches 2380kg/hm
2, compared with traditional improvement method, matrimony vine soil organic matter content in the ranks improves 11.3%, 40cm soil layer salt content and have dropped 33.6%, 100cm soil layer salt content and have dropped 24.7%.Plant dried fruit of lycium barbarum output after 5 years and reach 5316kg/hm
2, compared with traditional improvement method, be advanced by 2 ~ 3 years the full bearing period.
Newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland quick improvement Application way provided by the invention is different because of the difference of alkaline land soil salt content height, irrigation volume, paving husky thickness, pioneer crop type, rotation system etc.In general, with the newly-ploughed saline land of moderate, annual washing salinity by irrigation 4 ~ 5 times, winter irrigation amount 3000m
3/ hm
2, each 1200 ~ 1500m during plant growth
3/ hm
2, spread the best results of husky thickness 8 ~ 10cm, annual leguminous forage → corn → oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers → wheat crop rotation.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the quick improvement method of a newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland, it is characterized in that, that employing is leveled land, irrigates the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, spread husky method realization of pressing alkali, plantation pioneer crop, crop rotation to plant, newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland after improvement, plantation Salt And Alkali Tolerance pioneer crop increases production more than 20%, wheat stable yields 6000kg/hm after 3 years then
2.
2. the quick improvement method of a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in the method for leveling land be: retain topsoil mellow soil, keep face, field gradient, direction of pouring water is that longitudinal gradient is less than 1/500, transverse horizontal.
3. the quick improvement method of a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method for the described irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is: after the summer harvest terminates 8, September, and in conjunction with the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 1 time of leveling land, irrigation volume is 2100m
3/ hm
2, a smooth soil again after irrigation; In conjunction with the winter irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching 1 time again, irrigation volume is 2700 ~ 3000m
3/ hm
2, rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation after filling with, according to plant growth needs between ploughing season, pour water 3-5 time, pour water 1200 ~ 1500m at every turn
3/ hm
2, irrigation volume, so that salinity is drenched 1m soil layer, can meet again the demand of crop normal growth to moisture and be as the criterion.
4. the quick improvement method of a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method for described paving husky pressure alkali is: every 3 years, on newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland upper berth, 1 time carefully silk floss was husky, and spread 2 ~ 3 times altogether, spreading husky thickness is 8 ~ 10cm.
5. the quick improvement method of a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method of described plantation pioneer crop is, first batch of crop choice Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop on newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland or leguminous greenmanuring crop, described Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop is oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, beet, malting barley or matrimony vine, and described leguminous greenmanuring crop is alfalfa, Vicia sativa, common vetch or daghestan sweet clover.
6. the quick improvement method of a kind of newly-ploughed saline-alkali wasteland according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method for described crop rotation plantation is:
Plant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn and wheat successively, or
Plant wheat, beet, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, corn and wheat successively, or
Plant annual leguminous forage, corn, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and wheat successively, or
Single alfalfa also stays bed throughout the year, or
Single matrimony vine, matrimony vine juvenile stage and annual leguminous forage intercropping, or
The continuous cropping of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, or
Annual leguminous forage continuous cropping;
Described annual leguminous forage is Vicia sativa or common vetch.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105746130A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-13 | 刘良贵 | Method of cultivating radix saposhnikoviae in salty land |
| CN105794484A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-07-27 | 连云港市农业科学院 | No-tillage planting method of tomato in northern Suzhou intertidal zone saline-alkali soil |
| CN107242021A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-10-13 | 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院 | The radiation breeding method of alfalfa |
| CN107567747A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-12 | 山东棉花研究中心 | A kind of method of cotton, sorghum and green manure crop miscegenation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN107624562A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-26 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | The method for carrying out oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers multiple cropping corn by improveing salt-soda soil |
| CN107667595A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-02-09 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | A kind of heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method |
| CN107710947A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-02-23 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Utilize the method in alfalfa beet cotton Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN107889713A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-10 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Salt-soda soil Vicia sativa and the method for matrimony vine interplanting |
| CN107980268A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-05-04 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | It is a kind of to utilize the method for making recovery degeneration saline-alkali wetland between Chinese tamarisk and Suaeda heteroptera |
| CN108650921A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-16 | 四川我的田园农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of soil improvement method to raise fruit trees |
| CN108651205A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-10-16 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | A kind of salt-soda soil clover planting and establishing method |
| CN109122096A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-04 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | A kind of slight salinization soil two crops a year industrial crops implantation methods |
| CN109618589A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 太仓市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of method of soil secondary salinization in improvement facility cultivation |
| CN109661966A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-04-23 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of salt-soda soil woods shrub symbiosis implantation methods |
| CN109874440A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-14 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | A kind of biological modification method of secondary salinization of land |
| CN109964578A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-05 | 石河子大学 | A kind of cultural method of rape and fructus lycii intercropping improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN111758518A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-13 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil quality through sesbania-sunflower crop rotation |
| CN112292959A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-02 | 北京四良科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil |
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| CN105746130A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-13 | 刘良贵 | Method of cultivating radix saposhnikoviae in salty land |
| CN105794484A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-07-27 | 连云港市农业科学院 | No-tillage planting method of tomato in northern Suzhou intertidal zone saline-alkali soil |
| CN107242021A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-10-13 | 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院 | The radiation breeding method of alfalfa |
| CN107242021B (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2020-06-02 | 黑龙江省科学院大庆分院 | Radiation cultivation method of alfalfa |
| CN107624562A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-26 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | The method for carrying out oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers multiple cropping corn by improveing salt-soda soil |
| CN107667595A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-02-09 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | A kind of heavy salinized wasteland quick improvement method |
| CN107710947A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-02-23 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Utilize the method in alfalfa beet cotton Corn Rotation System improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN107567747B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-12-20 | 山东棉花研究中心 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil by mixed planting of cotton, sorghum and green manure crops |
| CN107567747A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-01-12 | 山东棉花研究中心 | A kind of method of cotton, sorghum and green manure crop miscegenation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN107889713A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-10 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Salt-soda soil Vicia sativa and the method for matrimony vine interplanting |
| CN107980268A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-05-04 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | It is a kind of to utilize the method for making recovery degeneration saline-alkali wetland between Chinese tamarisk and Suaeda heteroptera |
| CN108651205A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-10-16 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | A kind of salt-soda soil clover planting and establishing method |
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| CN109618589A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-16 | 太仓市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of method of soil secondary salinization in improvement facility cultivation |
| CN109874440A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-14 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | A kind of biological modification method of secondary salinization of land |
| CN109661966A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-04-23 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of salt-soda soil woods shrub symbiosis implantation methods |
| CN109661966B (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2021-04-13 | 山东农业大学 | Saline-alkali soil forest and shrub symbiotic planting method |
| CN109964578A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-05 | 石河子大学 | A kind of cultural method of rape and fructus lycii intercropping improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN111758518A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-13 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil quality through sesbania-sunflower crop rotation |
| CN114190249A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-03-18 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Application of sesbania-sunflower crop rotation and method for improving saline-alkali soil quality |
| CN112292959A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-02 | 北京四良科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil |
| CN112292959B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-04-19 | 北京四良科技有限公司 | Planting method for improving and utilizing moderate and light saline-alkali soil |
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