CN109964578A - A kind of cultural method of rape and fructus lycii intercropping improvement salt-soda soil - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of rape and fructus lycii intercropping improvement salt-soda soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109964578A CN109964578A CN201910297489.6A CN201910297489A CN109964578A CN 109964578 A CN109964578 A CN 109964578A CN 201910297489 A CN201910297489 A CN 201910297489A CN 109964578 A CN109964578 A CN 109964578A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses the cultural methods of a kind of rape and fructus lycii intercropping improvement salt-soda soil, which comprises the following steps: the pre-treatment and transplanting of lycium ruthenicum cuttage seeding；The selection and interplanting of rape seed；Field management；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The present invention can effectively increase soil coverage, effectively increase soil moisture content, reduce the content of soil salt, to play improving effect to salt-soda soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alkaline land improving technical fields, specifically, being related to a kind of rape and fructus lycii intercropping improves
The cultural method in salt-soda soil.
Background technique
Salt affected soil distribution in China's is wide, area is big, and China is whole world salinized soil area third big country, salinized soil area
9.91×107hm2, account for nearly the 10% of world's salinized soil area.Currently, China's alkaline land improving is mainly used in water resources industry, object
Reason measure and chemical measure.Water resources industry and physical measure project amount are big, at high cost, do not have permanence, and by water resource
Limitation, be not easy to promote；Chemical measure easily causes secondary pollution to environment, and needs a large amount of water to rinse after applying modifying agent,
It is expensive to apply more difficult and economic cost.Biological control measure is at low cost as one kind, high-efficient, additionally aids ecological environment
Sustainability ameliorative measure, saline and alkaline improvement field have biggish potentiality.
Pioneer of the lycium ruthenicum as alkaline land improving, saline-alkali tolerant is drought-resistant, not stringent for soil requirement, usually
It is grown on saline-alkali wasteland, sand ground or roadside, possesses extremely strong vitality, not only serving as water and soil conservation shrub improves arid area
Ecological environment, while also there is high nutritive value and economic value, it can be created while improving the ecological environment for peasant
It receives.
Magnificent miscellaneous No. 62 of oil is by Hua Zhong Agriculture University Pohle horse cytoplasmic male sterile line " 2063A " and restorer " 05-
The three-tine hybrid rape kind that P71-2 " combo is bred as belongs to semi-winterness cabbage type rape, and adaptable strong, saline-alkali tolerant is easily planted
The features such as training, planting cost is low, economic value is also relatively broad, while having the function of being retained less salt.
In the prior art, although salt-soda soil plantation lycium ruthenicum can improve saline and alkaline, lycium ruthenicum bearing time is long, and growth is slow
Slowly, while lycium ruthenicum is small to the area coverage on ground, and under strong evapotranspiration effect, salt branch is brought to soil surface, because
This traditional lycium ruthenicum nonoculture mode improvement is saline and alkaline ineffective.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides the cultural method of a kind of rape and fructus lycii intercropping improvement salt-soda soil, the party
Method can effectively increase soil coverage, effectively increase soil moisture content, reduce the content of soil salt, to rise to salt-soda soil
To improving effect.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention discloses the cultivations of a kind of rape and fructus lycii intercropping improvement salt-soda soil
Culture method, comprising the following steps:
The pre-treatment and transplanting of S1, lycium ruthenicum cuttage seeding: choosing lycium ruthenicum branch, is inserted into the methyl α-naphthyl acetate being dissolved in alcohol
In taking root liquid；Downward by the cuttage branch position of taking root impregnated, it inserts in the soil；
The selection and interplanting of S2, rape seed: rape seed is uniformly mixed with seed manure, by the way of drilling, sowing
Depth 1.2-1.8cm, application rate are 1,000 grams/acre；Interplanting two row fructus lyciis in the ranks；
S3, field management: using conventional fertilization mode and conventional field management technology is combined, using the side of trickle irrigation
Formula, fertilizer is walked with water, and based on early stage nitrogenous fertilizer, the later period applies phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer more, and timely weeding is ploughed；
S4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in the growth period of rape and fructus lycii, reinforce the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, guarantee its healthy growth.
Optionally, lycium ruthenicum branch is length 13cm on stock tree in the step S1, and diameter 0.5cm-1cm is thick and complete
The lycium ruthenicum branch of lignifying.
Optionally, the line-spacing of fructus lycii is 1.5m, spacing in the rows 0.8m in the step S1.
Optionally, the depth in the step S1 in lycium ruthenicum branch insertion methyl α-naphthyl acetate taking root liquid is 3-4cm, impregnates 20-
28 hours.
Optionally, rape seed purity is not less than 95% in the step S2, and cleanliness is not less than 97%, and germination percentage is not less than
94%；Seed manure is calcium superphosphate；Rape is interplanted between two row fructus lyciis, every two rows fructus lycii intercrop, three row rape, rape and oil
Dish line-spacing is 30cm, and rape and fructus lycii line-spacing are 45cm.
Optionally, rape seed is the miscellaneous No. 62 semi-winterness cabbage type rapes of China's oil in the step S2.
Optionally, the mass ratio of rape seed and seed manure is 1:12-1:18 in the step S2.
Optionally, rape seedling prevents and treats cabbage caterpillar, aphid in the step S4, can use 4.5% effective cypermethrin per acre
25ml is mixed with 1.8% avermectin 30ml to be watered 20kg and is sprayed；Lycium ruthenicum Major Diseases have aphid, powdery mildew, black
Fruit disease, root rot, when plantation, can beat the antimicrobial DP finish such as carbendazim or Mancozeb and be prevented.
Compared with prior art, the present invention can be obtained including following technical effect:
1) present invention can increase the coverage of soil surface vegetation, reduce soil water evaporation.
2) present invention can effectively increase the moisture content of soil.
3) present invention can be effectively reduced the content of salinity in soil.
4) present invention can play improving effect to salt-soda soil.
Certainly, it implements any of the products of the present invention it is not absolutely required to while reaching all the above technical effect.
Specific embodiment
Carry out the embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, whereby to the present invention how application technology hand
Section solves technical problem and reaches the realization process of technical effect to fully understand and implement.
1 fructus lycii of embodiment and rape intercropping
One, the plantation of lycium ruthenicum:
The pre-treatment of step 1, lycium ruthenicum
It chooses that length about 13cm, diameter 0.5cm-1cm on stock tree be thick and the lycium ruthenicum branch of complete lignifying, is inserted into molten
Solution is in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate taking root liquid in alcohol, insertion depth 3-4cm, impregnates 24 hours.
The transplanting of step 2, lycium ruthenicum:
Downward by the cuttage branch position of taking root impregnated, it inserts in the soil, the line-spacing of fructus lycii is 1.5m, and spacing in the rows is
0.8m。
The field management of step 3, fructus lycii:
It to weed with a hoe after cuttage, 1 year 4-6 times, carry out weeding in combination with pouring water；According to soil moisture and work as
Ground climate condition, 4-6 times in 1 year；Instant nitrogenousfertilizer is applied 1-2 times in conjunction with pouring water, and the later period applies phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer more.
Step 4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of fructus lycii
Lycium ruthenicum Major Diseases have aphid, powdery mildew, black fruit, root rot etc., and when plantation can break carbendazim or maneb
The antimicrobial DP finish such as zinc are prevented.
Two, the interplanting of rape
The plantation of step 1, rape:
The miscellaneous No. 62 semi-winterness cabbage type rapes of China's oil are chosen, seed purity is not less than 95%, and cleanliness is not less than 97%, germination
Rate is not less than 94%, and rape seed and seed manure (calcium superphosphate) are uniformly mixed according to the ratio of 1:15, by the way of drilling,
Depth of planting 1.5cm or so, application rate are 1,000 grams/acre；Interplanting two row fructus lyciis in the ranks, every two rows fructus lycii intercrop, three row
Rape, rape and rape line-spacing are 30cm, rape and fructus lycii line-spacing 45cm.
The field management of step 2, rape:
Irrigation method is trickle irrigation.The rape time of infertility fills 6-7 water under the condition of drip irrigation of salt-soda soil, drips 2 emergence water.Due to
After rape seed, just locate high temperature season, evaporation capacity is big, and the amount of dripping should be in the side 30-40/mu every time；Rape is raw in bolting flowering stage
Long root system absorbability significantly increases in addition rapidly, pours water and keeps sufficient as far as possible.10 days or so drops the 3rd after saline and alkaline rape emergence
Secondary water, and apply 2kg/ mus of urea with water droplet, when 3-4 piece leaf, drip the 4th water, and apply 2kg/ mus of urea with water droplet, restrain the growth of seedlings.6-
It drips the 5th water when 7 leaves, and applies 5-8kg/ mus of urea with water droplet, when 8-9 piece leaf drips the 6th water, and dissolved in water urea 8kg/
Mu.According to local weather, growing way, alkaline land soil situation after 10 leaves, drips to adaptation to local conditions and apply liquid manure.Flower bud a kind of sedge phase rape pair
Liquid manure is more sensitive, which is unable to water shortage, fertilizer deficiency.
The control of insect of step 3, rape:
Seedling stage prevents and treats cabbage caterpillar, aphid: can use 4.5% effective cypermethrin 25m1 and 1.8% avermectin 30m1 per acre
Mixing is spraying to water 20kg, the additional application of visual insect pest situation.
Embodiment 2
One, the plantation of lycium ruthenicum:
The pre-treatment of step 1, lycium ruthenicum
It chooses that length about 13cm, diameter 0.5cm-1cm on stock tree be thick and the lycium ruthenicum branch of complete lignifying, is inserted into molten
Solution is in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate taking root liquid in alcohol, insertion depth 3-4cm, impregnates 20 hours.
The transplanting of step 2, lycium ruthenicum:
Downward by the cuttage branch position of taking root impregnated, it is inserted into soil, the line-spacing of fructus lycii is 1.5m, and spacing in the rows is
0.8m。
The field management of step 3, fructus lycii:
It to weed with a hoe after cuttage, 1 year 4-6 times, carry out weeding in combination with pouring water；According to soil moisture and work as
Ground climate condition is poured water 4-6 times in 1 year；Instant nitrogenousfertilizer is applied 1-2 times in conjunction with pouring water, and the later period applies phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer more.
Step 4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of fructus lycii
Lycium ruthenicum Major Diseases have aphid, powdery mildew, black fruit, root rot etc., and when plantation can break carbendazim or maneb
The antimicrobial DP finish such as zinc are prevented.
Two, the interplanting of rape
The plantation of step 1, rape:
The miscellaneous No. 62 semi-winterness cabbage type rapes of China's oil are chosen, seed purity is not less than 95%, and cleanliness is not less than 97%, germination
Rate is not less than 94%, and rape seed and seed manure (calcium superphosphate) are uniformly mixed according to the ratio of 1:12, by the way of drilling,
Depth of planting 1.5cm or so, application rate are 1,000 grams/acre；Interplanting two row fructus lyciis in the ranks, every two rows fructus lycii intercrop, three row
Rape, rape and rape line-spacing are 30cm, rape and fructus lycii line-spacing 45cm.
The field management of step 2, rape:
Irrigation method is trickle irrigation.The rape time of infertility fills 6-7 water under the condition of drip irrigation of salt-soda soil, drips 2 emergence water.Due to
After rape seed, just locate high temperature season, evaporation capacity is big, and the amount of dripping should be in the side 30-40/mu every time；Rape is raw in bolting flowering stage
Long root system absorbability significantly increases in addition rapidly, pours water and keeps sufficient as far as possible.10 days or so drops the 3rd after saline and alkaline rape emergence
Secondary water, and apply 2kg/ mus of urea with water droplet, when 3-4 piece leaf, drip the 4th water, and apply 2kg/ mus of urea with water droplet, restrain the growth of seedlings.6-
It drips the 5th water when 7 leaves, and applies 5-8kg/ mus of urea with water droplet, when 8-9 piece leaf drips the 6th water, and dissolved in water urea 8kg/
Mu.According to local weather, growing way, alkaline land soil situation after 10 leaves, drips to adaptation to local conditions and apply liquid manure.Flower bud a kind of sedge phase rape pair
Liquid manure is more sensitive, which is unable to water shortage, fertilizer deficiency.
The control of insect of step 3, rape:
Seedling stage prevents and treats cabbage caterpillar, aphid: can use 4.5% effective cypermethrin 25m1 and 1.8% avermectin 30m1 per acre
Mixing is spraying to water 20kg, the additional application of visual insect pest situation.
Embodiment 3
One, the plantation of lycium ruthenicum:
The pre-treatment of step 1, lycium ruthenicum
It chooses that length about 13cm, diameter 0.5cm-1cm on stock tree be thick and the lycium ruthenicum branch of complete lignifying, is inserted into molten
Solution is in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate taking root liquid in alcohol, insertion depth 3-4cm, impregnates 28 hours.
The transplanting of step 2, lycium ruthenicum:
Downward by the cuttage branch position of taking root impregnated, it is inserted into soil, the line-spacing of fructus lycii is 1.5m, and spacing in the rows is
0.8m。
The field management of step 3, fructus lycii:
It to weed with a hoe after cuttage, 1 year 4-6 times, carry out weeding in combination with pouring water；According to soil moisture and work as
Ground climate condition is poured water 4-6 times in 1 year；Instant nitrogenousfertilizer is applied 1-2 times in conjunction with pouring water, and the later period applies phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer more.
Step 4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of fructus lycii
Lycium ruthenicum Major Diseases have aphid, powdery mildew, black fruit, root rot etc., and when plantation can break carbendazim or maneb
The antimicrobial DP finish such as zinc are prevented.
Two, the interplanting of rape
The plantation of step 1, rape:
The miscellaneous No. 62 semi-winterness cabbage type rapes of China's oil are chosen, seed purity is not less than 95%, and cleanliness is not less than 97%, germination
Rate is not less than 94%, and rape seed and seed manure (calcium superphosphate) are uniformly mixed according to the ratio of 1:18, by the way of drilling,
Depth of planting 1.5cm or so, application rate are 1,000 grams/acre；Interplanting two row fructus lyciis in the ranks, every two rows fructus lycii intercrop, three row
Rape, rape and rape line-spacing are 30cm, rape and fructus lycii line-spacing 45cm.
The field management of step 2, rape:
Irrigation method is trickle irrigation.The rape time of infertility fills 6-7 water under the condition of drip irrigation of salt-soda soil, and drip band 4- when emerging
5kg/ mus of soil salinization modifying agents drip 2 emergence water.After rape seed, just locate high temperature season, evaporation capacity is big, drips every time
Water should be in the side 30-40/mu；Rape is rapid in the growth of bolting flowering stage, and root system absorbability significantly increases in addition, pours water as far as possible
Keep sufficient.The 3rd water of 10 days or so drops after the emergence of saline and alkaline rape, and apply 2kg/ mus of urea with water droplet, when 3-4 piece leaf, drip the 4th
Secondary water, and 2kg/ mus of urea are applied with water droplet, restrain the growth of seedlings.The 5th water is dripped when 6-7 piece leaf, and applies 5-8kg/ mus of urea with water droplet,
The 6th water, and 8kg/ mus of dissolved in water urea are dripped when 8-9 piece leaf.According to local weather, growing way, salt-soda soil soil after 10 leaves
Earth situation drips to adaptation to local conditions and applies liquid manure.Flower bud a kind of sedge phase, rape was more sensitive to liquid manure, which is unable to water shortage, fertilizer deficiency.
The control of insect of step 3, rape:
Seedling stage prevents and treats cabbage caterpillar, aphid: can use 4.5% effective cypermethrin 25m1 and 1.8% avermectin 30m1 per acre
Mixing is spraying to water 20kg, the additional application of visual insect pest situation.
1 lycium ruthenicum nonoculture of comparative example
One, the plantation of lycium ruthenicum
The pre-treatment of step 1 lycium ruthenicum
It chooses that length about 13cm, diameter 0.5cm-1cm on stock tree be thick and the lycium ruthenicum branch of complete lignifying, is inserted into molten
Solution is in the methyl α-naphthyl acetate taking root liquid in alcohol, insertion depth 3-4cm, impregnates 24 hours.
The transplanting of step 2 lycium ruthenicum
Downward by the cuttage branch position of taking root impregnated, it is inserted into soil, the line-spacing of fructus lycii is 1.5m, and spacing in the rows is
0.8m。
The field management of step 3 lycium ruthenicum
It to weed with a hoe after cuttage, 1 year 4-6 times, carry out weeding in combination with pouring water；According to soil moisture and work as
Ground climate condition, 4-6 times in 1 year；Instant nitrogenousfertilizer is applied 1-2 times in conjunction with pouring water, and the later period applies phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer more.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of step 4 lycium ruthenicum
Lycium ruthenicum Major Diseases have aphid, powdery mildew, black fruit, root rot etc., and when plantation can break carbendazim or maneb
The antimicrobial DP finish such as zinc are prevented.
The embodiment of the present invention 1 is using the intercropping of rape and lycium ruthenicum, and in 0-100cm soil layer, soil moisture content is
14.76%, soil sodium ions content is 3.31g/kg, and soil chloride ion content is 3.09g/kg, and soil total salt content is
15.68g/kg.Embodiment 2 is using the intercropping of rape and lycium ruthenicum, and in 0-100cm soil layer, soil moisture content is
14.02%, soil sodium ions content is 4.30g/kg, soil chloride ion 3.67g/kg, the total salt 13.57g/kg of soil；Embodiment 3
Using the intercropping of rape and lycium ruthenicum, in 0-100cm soil layer, soil moisture content 14.18%, soil sodium ions content is
3.87g/kg, soil chloride ion 3.98g/kg, the total salt 14.35g/kg of soil.
Comparative example 1, nonoculture lycium ruthenicum in salt-soda soil, in 0-100cm soil layer, soil moisture content 13.72%, soil sodium from
Sub- content is 5.53g/kg, and soil chloride ion content is 5.15g/kg, and soil total salt content is 25.54g/kg, and specific targets are shown in
Table 1:
1 0-100cm soil layer soil moisture of table and salt index
Above description has shown and described several preferred embodiments of invention, but as previously described, it should be understood that invention is not
It is confined to form disclosed herein, should not be regarded as an exclusion of other examples, and can be used for various other combinations, modification
And environment, and can be carried out within that scope of the inventive concept describe herein by the above teachings or related fields of technology or knowledge
Change.And changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of invention, then it all should be in the appended power of invention
In the protection scope that benefit requires.
Claims (8)
1. the cultural method of a kind of rape and fructus lycii intercropping improvement salt-soda soil, which comprises the following steps:
The pre-treatment and transplanting of S1, lycium ruthenicum cuttage seeding: choosing lycium ruthenicum branch, is inserted into the methyl α-naphthyl acetate being dissolved in alcohol and takes root
In liquid；Downward by the cuttage branch position of taking root impregnated, it inserts in the soil；
The selection and interplanting of S2, rape seed: rape seed is uniformly mixed with seed manure, by the way of drilling, depth of planting
1.2-1.8cm, application rate are 1,000 grams/acre；Interplanting two row fructus lyciis in the ranks；
S3, field management: using conventional fertilization mode and combining conventional field management technology, by the way of trickle irrigation, fertilizer
It is walked with water, based on early stage nitrogenous fertilizer, the later period applies phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer more, and timely weeding is ploughed；
S4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in the growth period of rape and fructus lycii, reinforce the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, guarantee its healthy growth.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that lycium ruthenicum branch is on stock tree in the step S1
Length 13cm, diameter 0.5cm-1cm be thick and the lycium ruthenicum branch of complete lignifying.
3. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the line-spacing of fructus lycii is 1.5m, strain in the step S1
Away from for 0.8m.
4. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that lycium ruthenicum branch is inserted into methyl α-naphthyl acetate in the step S1
Depth in taking root liquid is 3-4cm, is impregnated 20-28 hours.
5. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that rape seed purity is not less than in the step S2
95%, cleanliness is not less than 97%, and germination percentage is not less than 94%；Seed manure is calcium superphosphate；Rape is interplanted between two row fructus lyciis, often
Two row fructus lycii intercrops, three row rape, rape and rape line-spacing are 30cm, and rape and fructus lycii line-spacing are 45cm.
6. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that rape seed is miscellaneous No. 62 of China's oil in the step S2
Semi-winterness cabbage type rape.
7. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quality of rape seed and seed manure in the step S2
Than for 1:12-1:18.
8. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step S4 rape seedling prevention and treatment cabbage caterpillar,
Aphid can mix with 4.5% effective cypermethrin 25ml with 1.8% avermectin 30ml per acre and be watered 20kg and be sprayed；
Lycium ruthenicum Major Diseases have aphid, powdery mildew, black fruit, a root rot, and when plantation can beat the anti-microbial types such as carbendazim or Mancozeb
Drug is prevented.
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| CN112400500A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-26 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞工程技术研究所 | Cultivation method for improving saline-alkali soil through rape and medlar intercropping |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112400500A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-26 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞工程技术研究所 | Cultivation method for improving saline-alkali soil through rape and medlar intercropping |
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