CN110291944A - A kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation methods, in order to be able to satisfy dry land wheat plantation demand, during planting dry land wheat, it selects the resistance to lean excellent wheat product of drought resisting, establish the field farming and management system, culture fertility retained and conserved soil moisture, the rational application of fertilizer, field management, according to different pest and disease damage characteristics takes corresponding control measure at optimum period fertilizer spraying, dry land wheat plantation yield can be effectively improved, planting benefit promotes Wheat indurstry development；It realizes the early deep fertilizer spraying with fertilizer and was pricked under root system before the winter in spring to increase, increase root/shoot ratio, root system is set to fully absorb the moisture and nutrient of deep soil, using reasonable population management strategy, grain number per spike raising synchronous with mass of 1000 kernel on the basis of big group is to increase dry land wheat yield, the risk that wheat late growth stage needs equal rain to impose is not only reduced, and is saved labor, efficiently light letter.

Description

A kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of crops, specially a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation side Method.

Background technique

Wheat is the main cereal crops in China, and the season of growth is northern China arid serious period, and wheat yield is long Low and unstable since phase, this aspect is the regular threat due to arid, and on the other hand, the non-of rainfall resource makes full use of For even more important direct reason.Therefore, improving dry land wheat yield has weight for reply arid and Guarantee Grain Production Want meaning.

Existing dry land wheat production technology is mainly:

One, farming: dry land wheat mostly uses deep ploughing to store moisture in the soil, ploughing shallowly preserves soil moisture, and next year wheel is ploughed, and increases topsoil to the amount of savings of precipitation. Early in time after preceding crop harvest to plough, 20~25cm of depth, the plot of soil layer thickness can deep plough to 30cm or more, with benefit receiving compared with Rainy water.Accomplish that rake is raked thoroughly, to reduce the loss of moisture, waits sowing with ploughing with rake.

Two, fertilizer: on the basis of mu applies high-quality organic fertilizer 2000kg or more, being formulated and use sufficient inorganic fertilizer, purity nitrogen 10-15kg, Phosphorus (P2O5) 8-10kg, potassium (K2O) 5kg, zinc sulfate 1kg, borax 0.5kg.In above-mentioned total dose, by whole organic fertilizers, Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, 70%~80% nitrogenous fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer were manured into soil as base manure entirely in conjunction with deep ploughing, in the 2nd year spring soil Return the nitrogenous fertilizer (or wheat turn green then impose by means of rain) that slurry phase trench digging imposes remaining 20%-30%.

Three, select that strong drought resistance, tillering ability be strong, well developed root system, the semi-winterness that plant type is compact, the percentage of earbearing tiller is high, winter resistance is good Kind.Seed pelleting, optimum period furrow are sowed, the fertile land amount of broadcasting 8kg of the drought that soil layer is thick when optimum period, soil fertility is good or so, soil layer compared with Thin, the lower middle low yield nonirrigated farmland mu amount of broadcasting 10kg of fertility or so.

Four, it is suppressed in time after wheat cultivation, steady and sure soil, looks into seedling after emergence in time and fill the gaps with seedlings, it is timely to the plot being short of seedling It reseeds.It is required that Basic Seedling 12-16 ten thousand per acre, Before winter main stalk blade 6-7 piece, total tiller number 70-80 ten thousand, spring total tiller number 80- before the winter 1000000, mu spike number 200,000 or so.To overwintering, turning green to 2 stages of jointing carries out drawing hoe in time after broadcasting, taking precautions against drought soil moisture conservation, there have to be bright Effective fruit, especially early spring should draw afterwards hoe using first suppressing.

Five, reinforce spring management and return the slurry phase by means of moisture in the soil top dressing in early spring soil, to go out and cut weeds in conjunction with a stroke hoe.Upland Wheat Field is red The pest damages such as spider, aphid are serious, should prevent and treat in time.Easily there is de- fertile phenomenon in late growth stage, middle and later periods, to carry out chasing after outside root Fertilizer borrows moisture in the soil top dressing, can take the circumstances into consideration to spray the foliar fertilizers such as fulvic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, to delay senescence, improves grain weight.Wax ripeness end Phase harvests in due course.

In conclusion being had the disadvantage in that using the above technology

1, fertilizer needs to apply by several times, the rainfall after wheat is turned green is limited to when imposing, if filled without condition of raining, and not It irrigates, will cause the situation that fertilizer does not impose, influence the growth and development in wheat later period, de- fertile phenomenon occur.And impose fertilizer cost When expenses of labour.

2, dry land wheat production technology is due to the production element assurance inaccuracy to dry land wheat ield formed mechanism, later period Group's development is insufficient, and yield three elements cannot develop in harmony, and general yield is lower, 400 kilograms of per mu yield of drought fertilizer ground, poor rainfed land mu It produces and is often below 300 kilograms.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation methods, can satisfy dry land wheat Plantation demand other than cultivation technique to be improved, will also reinforce the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, according to not during planting dry land wheat Same pest and disease damage characteristic takes corresponding control measure, can effectively improve dry land wheat plantation yield, and plantation efficiency promotes wheat Economic development, to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.

To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation side Method, comprising the following steps:

Step 1): select the resistance to lean excellent wheat breed of drought resisting: the resistance to lean excellent variety of drought resisting is dry land wheat stable high yield Material base；

Step 2: the field farming and management system retained and conserved soil moisture are established: is protected including the efficent rotation rotation of crops and fine site preparation, water storage Moisture in the soil draws hoe suppression, covering in due course during fertility, to make full use of limited water resource, this is the pass of dry land wheat stable high yield Key；

Step 3): the rational application of fertilizer: culture fertility is used cooperatively, N P and K compounding application, wheel including applying organic manure and inorganic fertilizer It rotates crops, getting fat increases soil fertility and using single fertilization method；

Step 4): optimum period fertilizer spraying: stablized with temperature by 0 DEG C, soil thaws depth 3-5cm for the date of seeding that begins, and guarantee is broadcast High term is sowed using the wide seedling band of 16cm line-spacing, and sowing suppression guarantees every square metre of harvest spike number in 650-720 fringe more than 4cm It is advisable, early-maturing variety can be increased suitably, and remaining 1/3 fertilizer in plot of autumn fertilising is broadcast with kind is same, and 5 kilograms of diammonium；2 kilograms of urea It is advisable；The plot of late autumn fertilising, spring will plant, fertile twice of operation, first broadcast base fertilizer, and depth is no less than 6cm, and 8 kilograms of diammonium, urea 5 kilograms, with sowing lower seed manure, 2 kilograms of diammonium, 3 kilograms of urea；

Step 5) field management: accomplishing that soil moisture conservation is taked precautions against drought, and growth period soil moisture conservation is correctly with intertillage and suppression, and intertillage is after the rain and early spring Soil returns slurry when progress, and suppression carries out after broadcasting and after early spring surface soil is dry, and when topsoil clod is excessive, interstices of soil is big, early spring pipe Reason takes intertillage to combine with suppression, first suppresses and intertills afterwards；

The step 6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: selecting disease-resistant excellent variety and stubble-cleaning of deep ploughing before wheat cultivation, sprays in the 3 leaf phase of wheat Weed eradication, per acre with 40-50 milliliters of 72%2,4-D butyl ester, 65% 80 milliliters of difenzoquat and rich woods board spraying conerete plant growth 5 milliliters of mixed liquors of regulator require to match water spray according to medicament, if wheat density is big, over growth, tri-leaf period mu uses 100- 200 grams of cycocels year chemical weed control it is spraying.

Further, the specific method is as follows in the step 2:

Step 201): soil moisture rain, the wheat seeding tiller packing rain in October, the jointing booting rain in March in next year before the broadcasting of lunar calendar August, This three rain and wheat yield have substantial connection, and 60% or so of dry farming wheat region whole year precipitation concentrates on summer, this three rain Storage is received, and accomplishes that Fu Yuqiu is used, the autumn rain spring is used, spring rain summer grade, is the important link of dry land wheat volume increase；

Step 202): making the soil cultivation of wheat field using shallow winter breaking: ploughing shallowly immediately after harvesting before leisure wheat field, loose table Soil, stubble-cleaning, weed eradication；

Step 203): plough sole is abolished in deep ploughing, thickeies weaker zone, improves soil texture, increases soil water storage capacity, is come in rainy season It deep ploughs as early as possible before facing, depth is advisable with 20~30cm, and timely area can take primary deep ploughing for rainfall after wheat harvest, it is not necessary to which shallow plowing is gone out Stubble；

Step 204): rake a kind of farm tools receives moisture in the soil, and the preceding 10~15d rainwater of sowing is more, takes the thin plough of shallow plowing, and rake a kind of farm tools is sowed, if non-irrigateier before broadcasting, Only rake is not ploughed in order to avoid the evaporation of water in soil, soil it is too deep to carry out broadcast preceding suppression, keep Panasonic on soil real.

Further, in the step 3) during planting wheat, region serious for pest and disease damage, which is taken, increases soil The method of earth is handled, and 6.0L/hm2-7.5L/hm2 phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 50% is added in sprayer, then again by 30kg/ Hm2 carries out uniform stirring after adding, spray after the completion of to be mixed to its soil, during sprinkling, by fine sand Or fine earth is according to 750kg/hm²Stirring after drying, is implemented to sow to plough deeply in field.

Further, the specific method is as follows in the step 4):

Step 401): optimum period, is sowed in right amount, avoids the temperature too low stage, and winter wheat not sowed too late, and spring wheat should not too planting early enough；

Step 402): sowing the depth is suitable for, and appropriate applying seed manure, to promote seedling to be early unearthed, reduction seedling is infected several Rate, or reasonable group is established, mitigate the harm of Pest organism.

Further, the specific method is as follows in the step 5):

Step 501): the management of field spring: taking top dressing to handle including prevention and treatment pest and disease damage and water and fertilizer management for wheat seedling, Make wheat in growth period, it is ensured that nutrient is abundant；Simultaneously as the high disease incidence of wheat during improvement, is given in spring Timely Preventing Countermeasures are given, implement different control measures according to different illnesss；

Step 502): field winter management: including prevention and treatment weeding and see that seedling applies fertilizer, wherein urea is the main fertilizer for seeing seedling fertilising Material needs to carry out the implementation of winter top dressing when wheat is to five leaf phases if the leaf of wheat is in light green, takes deep intertill or town The mode of pressure handles highly dense wheat implementation, during annual mid or late November, carries out control of weeds activity, according to field Between weeds situation, select specific medicament to wheat paddock carry out prevention and treatment sprinkling.

Further, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control further includes using chemical control or cultural control in the step 6):

Step 601): prior to seeding, missible oil 4.5% when fitting happy according to 10g Likeming Gel suspension seed-coating agent 3% or 15mL-25mL, It is stirred in the wheat seeds of 10kg, after the completion of to be mixed, need to sow and implement sowing between field；

Step 602): biological control or cultural control are used: during planting wheat, putting the day of some insect pests in a suitable place to breed in field Enemy periodically sprays appropriate pesticide to wheatland in wheat growth.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

A kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method provided by the invention, in order to be able to satisfy dry land wheat plantation demand, During planting dry land wheat, other than cultivation technique to be improved, also to reinforce the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, according to different pest and disease damages Characteristic takes corresponding control measure, can effectively improve dry land wheat plantation yield, and plantation efficiency promotes wheat economic development； It includes selecting the resistance to lean excellent wheat product of drought resisting, establishing the field farming and management system, culture fertility retained and conserved soil moisture, rationally Fertilising, optimum period foot moisture in the soil sow, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, realizes before increasing the winter in spring with the early deep fertilizer spraying of fertilizer It is pricked under root system, increases root/shoot ratio, so that root system is fully absorbed the moisture and nutrient of deep soil, using reasonable population management plan Slightly, the grain number per spike raising synchronous with mass of 1000 kernel on the basis of big group not only reduces wheat to increase dry land wheat yield The risk that late growth stage needs equal rain to impose, and save labor, efficiently light letter.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method flow diagram of the invention.

Specific embodiment

Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention: a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method is provided, including with Lower step:

Step 1: select the resistance to lean excellent wheat breed of drought resisting: the resistance to lean excellent variety of drought resisting is dry land wheat stable high yield Material base, drought-resistant variety has the characteristics that well developed root system, tillering ability are strong, blade is smaller, it is long to save under fringe, development early period compared with Slow and steady is strong, and later period grouting is fast, and the requirement to rich water is low, falls yellow good, not early ageing；Therefore, it plants in nonirrigated farmland by water deficit Influence is smaller, easily reaches high and stable yields；Secondly, requirement of the drought-resistant variety to fertility also has difference, the resistance to lean kind of drought resisting can be divided into With the resistance to fertile kind of drought resisting: barren nonirrigated farmland, especially hills poor rainfed land select kind also to have certain barren-resistant ability, growth It is in great numbers, frost resistance is strong, soil layer is deep, fertilising is more, soil fertility is good, be possible to obtain high yield nonirrigated farmland, it is desirable that the kind drought resisting of plantation It is anti-fall, have larger yield potential；

Step 2: the field farming and management system retained and conserved soil moisture are established: the mainly efficent rotation rotation of crops and fine site preparation, water storage Hoe suppression, covering are drawn in soil moisture conservation in due course during fertility, to make full use of limited water resource, this is dry land wheat stable high yield It is crucial；Soil moisture rain, the wheat seeding tiller packing rain in October, the jointing booting rain in March in next year before the broadcasting of lunar calendar August, this three rain There is substantial connection with winter wheat yields；60% or so of dry farming wheat region whole year precipitation concentrates on summer, this three rain storages are received Get up, accomplishes that Fu Yuqiu is used, the autumn rain spring is used, spring rain summer grade, be the important link of dry-land wheat volume increase；Comprehensive China various regions dry farming Experience, the carefully measures such as whole before the soil cultivation of dry farming wheat field is received moisture in the soil, broadcast using shallow winter breaking, storage moisture in the soil of deep ploughing, rake a kind of farm tools, specifically does Method are as follows: plough shallowly immediately after being harvested before leisure wheat field, loose surface soil, stubble-cleaning, weed eradication prevent evaporation and rain water runoff, expand and protect Moisture surface product；Deep ploughing can abolish plough sole, thicken weaker zone, improve soil texture, increase soil water storage capacity, deep ploughing want and When, it deep ploughs as early as possible before rainy season set, depth is advisable with 20~30cm；But it never deep ploughs under no rain condition condition, in order to avoid form clod of earth Rubbish；Timely area can take primary deep ploughing for rainfall after small wheat harvest, it is not necessary to which shallow winter breaking, precipitation substantially reduces after the beginning of autumn, evaporation Amount increases, and to carry out rake a kind of farm tools in good time and receive moisture in the soil, in case moisture largely evaporates；Seedbed preparation generally comprises shallow plowing and rake a kind of farm tools, Preceding 10~15d the rainwater of sowing is more, and should plough shallowly thin plough, rake a kind of farm tools sowing；If non-irrigateier before broadcasting, only rake is not ploughed in order to avoid the evaporation of water in soil, soil mistake It is deep to carry out broadcasting preceding suppression, keep Panasonic on soil real；

Step 3: culture fertility, the rational application of fertilizer: dry farming wheat field soil drought, nutrient is few, and soil texture is bad, and increasing fertilizer can To improve soil texture, reach " with fertile water transfer ", enhancing wheat improves rainwater use efficiency to the Utilization ability of moisture；According to drought The actual conditions of ground wheat:

First is that applying organic manure, organic fertilizer is used cooperatively with inorganic fertilizer, and organic fertilizer nutrient is comprehensive, fertilizer efficiency is long, is conducive to improve soil Earth structure enhances soil water-retaining feeder capability, and the poor rainfed land content of organic matter is low, and applying organic manure seems more important, but short Wheat yield is significantly increased in phase to have any problem, organic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is slow, therefore should have suitably with inorganic fertilizer is applied with inorganic rush Machine enhances the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer；

Second is that N P and K compounding application, general low yield wheatland both lose by nitrogen stress or scarce phosphorus potassium, single nitrogen fertilizer application or phosphorus potash fertilizer nutritive proportion It adjusts, fertilizer efficiency cannot be given full play to, N P and K cooperation, which is applied, can keep nutrient balance, promote mutually, significantly improve fertilizer efficiency；

Third is that crop rotation, getting fat is increased soil fertility, and the efficent rotation rotation of crops is that a kind of biology is increased soil fertility method, using the efficent rotation rotation of crops and summer sowing Annual leguminous green manure effectively culture fertility, the good preceding crop as wheat can have Summer Soybean, pea, mung bean, flower Crops, the annual leguminous green manure of summer sowing such as sesbania, Gui fiber crops, daghestan sweet clover, villose vetch etc. such as raw can effectively increase in soil Organic nutrient acts on wheat increase yield very significant；

Fourth is that nonirrigated farmland influences top dressing effect because that cannot water using single fertilization method, gradation top dressing is changed to primary bottom Fertilizer, it is general to increase production 10% or so than gradation top dressing using thick fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, an ammonium hydrogen carbonate bottom application, when base fertilizer does not use sufficient, Can Nitrogen Top Dressing and phosphate fertilizer, but top dressing need to be chased after early, as far as possible before the winter or early spring, applied deeply when catching earth's surface soil moisture content preferable bury it is tight；

During planting wheat, region serious for pest and disease damage takes the method for increasing soil to handle, in sprayer 6.0L/hm2-7.5L/hm2 phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 50% is added, carries out uniform stirring after then again adding 30kg/hm2, to Its soil is sprayed after the completion of stirring, during sprinkling, by fine sand or fine earth according to 750kg/hm²Stirring, dries in the air After dry, implement to sow in field to plough deeply.

Step 4: optimum period foot moisture in the soil is sowed: according to dry land wheat growth characteristic, broadcasting technology using drought-resistant seeding technology or ditch Deng, accomplish that sufficient moisture in the soil, timely and appropriate discovery are sowed, realize Miao Quan, Miao Yun, robust seedling；Optimum period, is sowed in right amount, avoids the temperature too low stage, i.e., Winter wheat not sowed too late, and spring wheat should not too planting early enough；Sowing the depth is suitable for, and appropriate applying seed manure is to promote seedling early to go out Soil reduces the probability that seedling is infected, also can establish reasonable group, mitigate the harm of Pest organism；It is broadcast in right amount by optimum period Kind, group size is controlled, should prevent excessively prosperous before the winter, nutrient consumption excessively makes later period early ageing, prevents early period seedling small weak again, always It, Reasonable Regulation And Control group to develop, and establishes a good population base for high yield；Period is stablized with temperature and passes through 0 DEG C, soil Depth of thawing 3-5cm is the date of seeding that begins, and guarantee is broadcast in high term, sowed using the wide seedling band of 16cm line-spacing, and sowing is suppressed more than 4cm, Guarantee that every square metre of harvest spike number is advisable in 650-720 fringe, early-maturing variety can be increased suitably, the plot remaining 1/3 of autumn fertilising Fertilizer is broadcast with kind is same, and 5 kilograms of diammonium；2 kilograms of urea are advisable；The plot of late autumn fertilising, spring will plant, fertile twice of operation, first broadcast Base fertilizer, depth are no less than 6cm, and 8 kilograms of diammonium, 5 kilograms of urea, with sowing lower seed manure, 2 kilograms of diammonium, 3 kilograms of urea；

Step 5: field management: the emphasis of dry land wheat field management work is that soil moisture conservation is taked precautions against drought, and growth period soil moisture conservation should be used correctly Intertillage and suppression, intertillage should after the rain and early spring soil returns slurry when progress, and suppression work is then mostly after broadcasting and after early spring surface soil is dry It carries out, when topsoil clod is excessive, interstices of soil is big, and early spring management can take intertillage to combine with suppression, first suppresses and intertills afterwards；Its In, it is divided into:

The management of field spring: it takes top dressing to handle for wheat seedling including prevention and treatment pest and disease damage and water and fertilizer management, wheat is made to exist Growth period, it is ensured that nutrient is abundant；Simultaneously as the high disease incidence of wheat during improvement, is given timely in spring Preventing Countermeasures implement different control measures according to different illnesss；

Field winter management: including prevention and treatment weeding and see that seedling applies fertilizer, wherein urea is the main fertilizer for seeing seedling fertilising, if wheat Leaf be in light green, then need to carry out the implementation of winter top dressing when wheat is to five leaf phases, take it is deep intertill or the mode of suppression, Highly dense wheat implementation is handled, during annual mid or late November, carries out control of weeds activity, according to the weeds feelings in field Condition selects specific medicament to carry out prevention and treatment sprinkling to wheat paddock；

Step 6: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: selecting disease-resistant excellent variety is the most economical effective method of controlling disease, is coped in production Prominent and again susceptible kind is not updated the replacement constantly to those yielding abilities, and stubble-cleaning of deep ploughing before wheat cultivation can be reduced Overwintering bacterium source should be removed or be made compost to the stubble stalk that do not bury, be the effect for playing chemical control to the maximum extent, first is that Controlling object field is selected, second is that Control stage is correctly selected, third is that grasping drug usage and dosage；It wherein, further include using medicine Agent prevention and treatment perhaps cultural control: missible oil when fitting happy according to 10g Likeming Gel suspension seed-coating agent 3% or 15mL-25mL prior to seeding 4.5%, it is stirred in the wheat seeds of 10kg, after the completion of to be mixed, need to sow and implement sowing between field；It is anti-using biology It controls or cultural control: during planting wheat, putting the natural enemy of some insect pests in a suitable place to breed in field, it is fixed in wheat growth Phase sprays appropriate pesticide to wheatland.

In summary: a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method provided by the invention, in order to be able to satisfy nonirrigated farmland Wheat planting demand other than cultivation technique to be improved, will also reinforce the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, root during planting dry land wheat Corresponding control measure is taken according to different pest and disease damage characteristics, dry land wheat plantation yield can be effectively improved, plantation efficiency promotes Wheat economic development；It include select the resistance to lean excellent wheat product of drought resisting, establish the field farming retained and conserved soil moisture and management system, Culture fertility, the rational application of fertilizer, optimum period foot moisture in the soil sow, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, realizes and deep being applied with the early of fertilizer Fertilizer was pricked before the winter in spring to increase under root system, is increased root/shoot ratio, so that root system is fully absorbed the moisture and nutrient of deep soil, using reasonable Population management strategy, the raising synchronous with mass of 1000 kernel of grain number per spike on the basis of big group is to increase dry land wheat yield, no The risk that wheat late growth stage needs equal rain to impose is only reduced, and is saved labor, efficiently light letter.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1): select the resistance to lean excellent wheat breed of drought resisting: the resistance to lean excellent variety of drought resisting is dry land wheat stable high yield Material base；

Step 2: the field farming and management system retained and conserved soil moisture are established: is protected including the efficent rotation rotation of crops and fine site preparation, water storage Moisture in the soil draws hoe suppression, covering in due course during fertility, to make full use of limited water resource, this is the pass of dry land wheat stable high yield Key；

Step 3): the rational application of fertilizer: culture fertility is used cooperatively, N P and K compounding application, wheel including applying organic manure and inorganic fertilizer It rotates crops, getting fat increases soil fertility and using single fertilization method；

Step 4): optimum period fertilizer spraying: stablized with temperature by 0 DEG C, soil thaws depth 3-5cm for the date of seeding that begins, and guarantee is broadcast High term is sowed using the wide seedling band of 16cm line-spacing, and sowing suppression guarantees every square metre of harvest spike number in 650-720 fringe more than 4cm It is advisable, early-maturing variety can be increased suitably, and remaining 1/3 fertilizer in plot of autumn fertilising is broadcast with kind is same, and 5 kilograms of diammonium；2 kilograms of urea It is advisable；The plot of late autumn fertilising, spring will plant, fertile twice of operation, first broadcast base fertilizer, and depth is no less than 6cm, and 8 kilograms of diammonium, urea 5 kilograms, with sowing lower seed manure, 2 kilograms of diammonium, 3 kilograms of urea；

Step 5) field management: accomplishing that soil moisture conservation is taked precautions against drought, and growth period soil moisture conservation is correctly with intertillage and suppression, and intertillage is after the rain and early spring Soil returns slurry when progress, and suppression carries out after broadcasting and after early spring surface soil is dry, and when topsoil clod is excessive, interstices of soil is big, early spring pipe Reason takes intertillage to combine with suppression, first suppresses and intertills afterwards；

The step 6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: selecting disease-resistant excellent variety and stubble-cleaning of deep ploughing before wheat cultivation, sprays in the 3 leaf phase of wheat Weed eradication, per acre with 40-50 milliliters of 72%2,4-D butyl ester, 65% 80 milliliters of difenzoquat and rich woods board spraying conerete plant growth 5 milliliters of mixed liquors of regulator require to match water spray according to medicament, if wheat density is big, over growth, tri-leaf period mu uses 100- 200 grams of cycocels year chemical weed control it is spraying.

2. a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2) the specific method is as follows in:

Step 201): soil moisture rain, the wheat seeding tiller packing rain in October, the jointing booting rain in March in next year before the broadcasting of lunar calendar August, This three rain and wheat yield have substantial connection, and 60% or so of dry farming wheat region whole year precipitation concentrates on summer, this three rain Storage is received, and accomplishes that Fu Yuqiu is used, the autumn rain spring is used, spring rain summer grade, is the important link of dry land wheat volume increase；

Step 202): making the soil cultivation of wheat field using shallow winter breaking: ploughing shallowly immediately after harvesting before leisure wheat field, loose table Soil, stubble-cleaning, weed eradication；

Step 203): plough sole is abolished in deep ploughing, thickeies weaker zone, improves soil texture, increases soil water storage capacity, is come in rainy season It deep ploughs as early as possible before facing, depth is advisable with 20~30cm, and timely area can take primary deep ploughing for rainfall after wheat harvest, it is not necessary to which shallow plowing is gone out Stubble；

Step 204): rake a kind of farm tools receives moisture in the soil, and the preceding 10~15d rainwater of sowing is more, takes the thin plough of shallow plowing, and rake a kind of farm tools is sowed, if non-irrigateier before broadcasting, Only rake is not ploughed in order to avoid the evaporation of water in soil, soil it is too deep to carry out broadcast preceding suppression, keep Panasonic on soil real.

3. a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3) in during planting wheat, region serious for pest and disease damage takes the method for increasing soil to handle, in sprayer 6.0L/hm2-7.5L/hm2 phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 50% is added, carries out uniform stirring after then again adding 30kg/hm2, to Its soil is sprayed after the completion of stirring, during sprinkling, by fine sand or fine earth according to 750kg/hm²Stirring, dries in the air After dry, implement to sow in field to plough deeply.

4. a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4) the specific method is as follows in:

Step 401): optimum period, is sowed in right amount, avoids the temperature too low stage, and winter wheat not sowed too late, and spring wheat should not too planting early enough；

Step 402): sowing the depth is suitable for, and appropriate applying seed manure, to promote seedling to be early unearthed, reduction seedling is infected several Rate, or reasonable group is established, mitigate the harm of Pest organism.

5. a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 5) the specific method is as follows in:

Step 501): the management of field spring: taking top dressing to handle including prevention and treatment pest and disease damage and water and fertilizer management for wheat seedling, Make wheat in growth period, it is ensured that nutrient is abundant；Simultaneously as the high disease incidence of wheat during improvement, is given in spring Timely Preventing Countermeasures are given, implement different control measures according to different illnesss；

Step 502): field winter management: including prevention and treatment weeding and see that seedling applies fertilizer, wherein urea is the main fertilizer for seeing seedling fertilising Material needs to carry out the implementation of winter top dressing when wheat is to five leaf phases if the leaf of wheat is in light green, takes deep intertill or town The mode of pressure handles highly dense wheat implementation, during annual mid or late November, carries out control of weeds activity, according to field Between weeds situation, select specific medicament to wheat paddock carry out prevention and treatment sprinkling.

6. a kind of dry land wheat high-yield and high-efficiency simple and laborsaving cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control further includes using chemical control or cultural control in:

Step 601): prior to seeding, missible oil 4.5% when fitting happy according to 10g Likeming Gel suspension seed-coating agent 3% or 15mL-25mL, It is stirred in the wheat seeds of 10kg, after the completion of to be mixed, need to sow and implement sowing between field；

Step 602): biological control or cultural control are used: during planting wheat, putting the day of some insect pests in a suitable place to breed in field Enemy periodically sprays appropriate pesticide to wheatland in wheat growth.