CN103461047B - Method for applying astragalus sinicus to no-tillage direct seeding of single-season rice - Google Patents
Method for applying astragalus sinicus to no-tillage direct seeding of single-season rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for applying astragalus sinicus to no-tillage direct seeding of single-season rice. The method comprises the following steps of a, mechanical harvesting of astragalus sinicus: completely draining water in a rice field till a harvester can operate in the rice field when 75% astragalus sinicus pods of the whole rice field completely turn black; b, preparation of the rice field: firstly sowing and spreading straw-decomposing inoculants over accumulated straws of the astragalus sinicus, secondly irrigating the rice field till the water level is higher than the surface of the rice field; c, seed reserving of astragalus sinicus field and direct seeding of single-season rice: after keeping the water level of the rice field higher than the surface of the rice field for 2-3 days, seeding, accelerating germination of rice seeds, and when 80% rice grows two leaves and one core, irrigating shallow water and applying base fertilizer; d, management of the rice field: when rice plants grow three leaves and one core, spraying paclobutrazol, simultaneously applying urea in per mu rice field for topdressing, and after seeding for 30-40 days, spraying agroxone. According to the method provided by the invention, a series of problems that seeds in production and utilization of the astragalus sinicus in the south rice planting areas are in short, the seed harvesting of the astragalus sinicus and the utilization of the astragalus sinicus as green fertilizer cannot be compatible, how the yield of the direct seeding of single-season rice is obtained, and the like are solved, and the direct promotion function on re-popular green manure development and rice simple high-yield cultivation in country is carried out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding method.
Background technology
Chinese milk vetch is the main green manure crop of paddy fields in south china, has long-term cultivation history at paddy fields in south china, has very important effect to the raising of south China the paddyfield soil quality and the lifting of soil fertility.Tradition Chinese milk vetch is reserved seed for planting method, and the method for harvesting generally adopts manual method to cut down Chinese milk vetch, the crop straw burning after threshing or remove, and this method does not only really reach the effect that green manuring is increased soil fertility, and wastes resource greatly, pollutes environment.And rice field after reserving seed for planting is due to the stubble of Chinese milk vetch, difficulty of turning over strengthens.
In recent years one season rice cultivated area increase sharply, along with the cultivation success of super rice, with one season paddy rice be main study subject tillage system reform will more and more be subject to people's attention.One season paddy rice routine rice calli be the processes such as seedling-land for growing field crops of turning over-flat field fertilising-rice transplanting, period, each step all needed to drop into a large amount of labour.Rice direct-seeding does not carry out seedling, directly by the rice calli of seed rice sowing with land for growing field crops.This pattern time and labour saving of rice direct-seeding, has large-area application at south China, has larger alleviation to the form that present rural laborer lacks, and under the background that rural laborer lacks day by day now, rice direct-seeding has huge development space.But the shortcoming of direct seading rice type of seeding also clearly: shallow, the easy lodging of root system, greatly field weed are many, and these shortcomings significantly limit the popularization of direct seading rice, find the new method adapting to paddy fields in south china one season direct sowing of rice to be problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The proposition of initiative of the present invention by Chinese milk vetch stalk on the spot also next of field technology and Chinese milk vetch straw-returning condition in season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding technology combine, realize efficiency utilization Chinese milk vetch resource, improve rice yield, alleviate peasant's labour intensity, increase the object of the economic benefit of peasant planting Chinese milk vetch and paddy rice Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding a method, comprise the steps:
A, Chinese milk vetch mechanical harvesting:
When the complete blackening of the pod of full rice field 75% Chinese milk vetch, field water is drained and operates to suitable grain header, adopt Full feeding harvester to gather Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds;
B, field prepare:
First sow straw decomposing inoculant every mu 1 ~ 3kg to the Chinese milk vetch stalk piled up, keep after 2 ~ 5 days, the Chinese milk vetch stalk of accumulation evenly being scatter in field, then to field pipe-net, make water higher than face, field 1 ~ 2cm;
C, Chinese milk vetch of reserving seed for planting rice field one season direct sowing of rice:
Keep water within 2 ~ 3 days, to sow vernalization seed rice afterwards higher than 1 ~ 2 centimetre, face, field, after planting keep face, field to have water and the field water surface lower than 0.5cm, discharge water dry after the long root of seed rice, when 80% paddy rice grow to two leaves wholeheartedly time fill with shallow water, basal dressing;
D, field management:
Rice plant grow to three leaves wholeheartedly time, spray paclobutrazol 80 ~ 120g/ mu, simultaneously use urea 6 ~ 10kg and topdress for every mu, at after planting 30 ~ 40 days, spray methoxone 60 ~ 100g/ mu.
In described step b, after sowing straw decomposing inoculant to the Chinese milk vetch stalk piled up, spill the moistening stalk of clear water of every mu of 1 ~ 3kg simultaneously.
In described step b, the amount that straw decomposing inoculant is sowed is 2 ~ 3kg/ mu.
In described step b, at clear and coherent field sewer pipe before field pipe-net.
In described step b, before field pipe-net, in the field that weeds are more, with weed killer herbicide weeding twice, field pipe-net during twice weeding, the water surface higher than face, field 0.5 ~ 1.0cm, after weeds are withered and yellow, then to field pipe-net.
In described step c, basal dressing is specially every mu and uses urea 10 ~ 15kg, superphosphate 20 ~ 30kg, potassium chloride 6 ~ 12kg.
After described steps d, if next year Chinese milk vetch seed 1kg/ mu still as Chinese milk vetch seed field, need be mended.
After described steps d, need deep plough once every 3 ~ 4 years, ploughing depth 20 ~ 30cm, after the phase of turning over is selected in rice harves, before broadcasting sowing Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds, or after harvesting Chinese milk vetch.
Adopt said method, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, instant invention overcomes Chinese milk vetch to reserve seed for planting the waste problem of Chinese milk vetch stalk after the sowing of rice field.Solve conventional method to reserve seed for planting the waste of method to Chinese milk vetch stalk, the employing grain header of novelty is gathered Chinese milk vetch, in conjunction with the fertility in the water and fertilizer management Appropriate application Chinese milk vetch stalk of land for growing field crops.
2, the proposition of this method novelty is reserved seed for planting Chinese milk vetch non-tillage field direct seeding technique.Taken off the integrated use of root agent by Organic-inorganic fertilizer, paclobutrazol and paddy rice, reasonably solve one season direct sowing of rice Rice under Condition to emerge the problem such as irregular, for paddy rice Chinese milk vetch is reserved seed for planting, rice field is live provides technical support.
3, the utilization organic manure of uniqueness of the present invention is to the loose ability of soil, and the reasonable distribution of chemical fertilizer, not only solves the problem of chemical fertilizer application method in next season rice production of no-tillage, has has also stabilized and increased soil fertility of paddy field situation.
4, the present invention Chinese milk vetch High-efficiency straw is utilized technology and one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding technology groups synthesize a set of high efficiency technical pattern.Thus taken into account Chinese milk vetch and to have reserved seed for planting and Chinese milk vetch does the effect of green manure, not only alleviate Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds shortage but also take full advantage of Chinese milk vetch green manure resource, and plantation reserve seed for planting Chinese milk vetch rice field achieve one season rice light simplified cultivation.
In sum, the present invention lacks solving South Rice Region of China Chinese milk vetch production with the seed in utilization, Chinese milk vetch sowing and as green manure utilize can not take into account, one season the series of problems such as direct sowing of rice high yield, the green manure development of again rise China and the light simplification high-yield culturing of paddy rice play direct impetus, in actual agricultural production, have larger application and popularization value.
Embodiment
Further describe the embodiment of this patent below.
The first step, Chinese milk vetch mechanical harvesting;
When the complete blackening of pod of full field 75% Chinese milk vetch, land for growing field crops is drained to the operation of suitable grain header (here be suitable for refer to field capacity less than 30%), adopt Full feeding harvester to gather Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds.
Second step, land for growing field crops prepares;
Scatter after Chinese milk vetch stalk being mixed into the rotten bacillum of 2 ~ 3kg/ mu.The field that weeds are more, available weed killer herbicide weeding 2 times, soaked field during twice weeding, bring out weeds, weed killer herbicide can adopt " paraquat " (" paraquat ", English name: paraquat, other titles: Gramoxone, paraquat, prairie fire, hundred, Ba La stops (Taiwan Province's call) etc. more than 90 kinds, chemical name is 1-1-dimethyl-4-4-bipyridine cation salt).Clear and coherent field sewer pipe simultaneously, ensures that irrigation and drainage are unobstructed.The withered and yellow backward land for growing field crops of weeds is poured water to higher than 1 ~ 2cm soaked field, face, field 2 ~ 3 days, with maceration land for growing field crops.
3rd step, one season direct sowing of rice;
Latter 5 ~ 8 days of Chinese milk vetch results, directly sow vernalization seed rice after the retaining of rice field, and within after planting second day, fill with shallow water, (water surface elevation 0 ~ 0.5cm), germinates in order to paddy.Germinate Deng seed rice, discharge water that dry (discharge water the generic term fallen to doing in agricultural after long root, be with numerical definiteness and Soil surface water is expelled to Soil surface water lower than 0.5cm), promotion is taken root, and fills with shallow water (shallow water refers to and keeps the thin water layer in face, 1.5-2.0cm field) during paddy rice 2 leaf 1 heart here.Use urea 10 ~ 15kg for every mu, superphosphate 20 ~ 30kg, potassium chloride 6 ~ 12kg, as base manure.
4th step, field management;
When rice plant grows to 3 leaf 1 heart, spray paclobutrazol 80 ~ 120g/ mu, simultaneously use urea 6 ~ 10kg and topdress for every mu.At after planting about 35 days, select one day that does not rain, spray methoxone 60 ~ 100g/ mu, meanwhile, according to the generation of damage by disease and insect, timely prevention and elimination of disease and pests 2 ~ 3 times, all the other were identical with general planting pattern.
Points for attention:
If next year is still as Chinese milk vetch seed field, but prior year identical kind can only be planted, about Chinese milk vetch seed 1kg/ mu can be mended.
Adopt this no-tillage mode if long-term, need deep plough once every 3 ~ 4 years, ploughing depth 20 ~ 30cm, after the phase of turning over should be selected in rice harves, before broadcasting sowing Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds, or after harvesting Chinese milk vetch.With even topsoil soils fertility.
Embodiment 1
Shang Chaishi village, Nan County test peasant household Chen Jie sesame farmland covered by contract adopted this technology to plant 4 mu one season rice.Comparatively adopt and traditional cradle Chinese milk vetch, rice transplanting is turned in rice field, fertilizers input decreases 20%, and what use agricultural chemicals to prevent insect pest decreases 2 times, and rice yield increases more than 1400 pound/acre by average 1200 ~ 1300 pounds/acre.Owing to adopting mechanical harvesting Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds, seed storage rate improves 20%, and Chinese milk vetch of gathering labour decreases 1 ~ 2 work/mu.
Embodiment 2
West Lake village test peasant household Xu Shu clear farmland covered by contract of collapsing in Huarong County adopted this technology to plant 3 mu one season rice.Take no-tillage and direct-seeding method rice cultivation.Every mu of rice yield can maintain about 1300 pounds/acre, and more conventional Chinese milk vetch does late rice rice seedling bed output increased about 300 pounds/acre after reserving seed for planting.And owing to adopting Chinese milk vetch seed field one season direct sowing of rice technology, Chinese milk vetch of gathering decreases the labor cost of 100 yuan/mu, and zero tillage one season rice decreases the labor cost of 200 yuan/mu.
Claims (8)
1. Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding a method, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A, Chinese milk vetch mechanical harvesting:
When the complete blackening of the pod of full rice field 75% Chinese milk vetch, field water is drained and operates to suitable grain header, adopt Full feeding harvester to gather Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds;
B, field prepare:
First sow straw decomposing inoculant every mu 1 ~ 3kg to the Chinese milk vetch stalk piled up, keep after 2 ~ 5 days, the Chinese milk vetch stalk of accumulation evenly being scatter in field, then to field pipe-net, make water higher than face, field 1 ~ 2cm;
C, Chinese milk vetch of reserving seed for planting rice field one season direct sowing of rice:
Keep water within 2 ~ 3 days, to sow the seed rice after vernalization afterwards higher than 1 ~ 2 centimetre, face, field, after planting keep face, field to have water and the field water surface lower than 0.5cm, discharge water dry after the long root of seed rice, when 80% paddy rice grow to two leaves wholeheartedly time fill with shallow water, basal dressing;
D, field management:
Rice plant grow to three leaves wholeheartedly time, spray paclobutrazol 80 ~ 120g/ mu, simultaneously use urea 6 ~ 10kg and topdress for every mu, at after planting 30 ~ 40 days, spray methoxone 60 ~ 100g/ mu.
2. according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding method, it is characterized in that, in described step b, after sowing straw decomposing inoculant to the Chinese milk vetch stalk piled up, spill the moistening stalk of clear water of every mu of 1 ~ 3kg simultaneously.
3. according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding method, it is characterized in that, in described step b, the amount that straw decomposing inoculant is sowed is 2 ~ 3kg/ mu.
4. according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding method, it is characterized in that, in described step b, at clear and coherent field sewer pipe before field pipe-net.
5. according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding method, it is characterized in that, in described step b, before field pipe-net, in the field that weeds are more, with weed killer herbicide weeding twice, field pipe-net during twice weeding, the water surface higher than face, field 0.5 ~ 1.0cm, after weeds are withered and yellow, then to field pipe-net.
6. according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding method, it is characterized in that, in described step c, basal dressing is specially every mu and uses urea 10 ~ 15kg, superphosphate 20 ~ 30kg, potassium chloride 6 ~ 12kg.
7. according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding method, it is characterized in that, after described steps d, if next year Chinese milk vetch seed 1kg/ mu still as Chinese milk vetch seed field, need be mended.
8. according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is applied to one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding method, it is characterized in that, after described steps d, need deep plough once every 3 ~ 4 years, ploughing depth 20 ~ 30cm, after the phase of turning over is selected in rice harves, before broadcasting sowing Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds, or after harvesting Chinese milk vetch.
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| CN111557276A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-21 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Earthworm ecological planting and breeding method based on oil-rice system |
Families Citing this family (5)
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| CN103828587B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-11-18 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting method |
| CN104221668B (en) * | 2014-08-30 | 2016-08-17 | 安徽省舒城县舒丰现代农业科技开发有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method of Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) |
| CN104521649A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-22 | 长沙宗祥农业机械服务有限公司 | Paddy rice no-tillage direct-sowing method |
| CN106495759A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-15 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Interplant the fertilizer manufacture of Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) in a kind of vineyard |
| CN113455160A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-01 | 信阳农林学院 | Astragalus sinicus returning fertilization method and rice planting method |
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