CN103828587B - A kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting method - Google Patents
A kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention includes following steps: after early or mid May carries out Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds mechanical harvest, by the Chinese milk vetch stalk uniformly dispersing pulverized in rice field, pour water and discharge outlet sealed (avoiding the Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds staying Tanaka to flow away with water), after macerating 5-10 days, non watered ploughing carry out one season rice transplant or one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding, at season rice growth shallow irrigation in early stage, overboard dry field after rice milky ripe stage, the rice harvesting of season mid or late September to early October one, straw stays high stubble also field or shift out seed field in 1-3 days, trench digging or ditch cleaning, field is become a fine day and does not stay water, rain not ponding.Carry out the Routine Management of Chinese milk vetch plantation, early or mid May next year carry out Chinese milk vetch machinery sowing and one season seed rice the cycling of farming such as to plant, the present invention is directed to a southern problem that let a piece of farmland go to waste generally winter in Ji Dao district, rice field green manure Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds is in short supply at present, propose a kind of alleviate Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds shortage and increase Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds storage level, play Chinese milk vetch straw-returning simultaneously and to foster and apply fertilizer the effect of paddy soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch to exempt to broadcast circulation and to reserve seed for planting method.
Background technology
Green manure is the important component part of the ecological agriculture, is the elite of China's traditional farming, has effects such as reducing chemical fertilizer input, lifting soil fertility, preserve the ecological environment.The eighties in last century, China's Green manuring area is stabilized in about 1.8 hundred million mu, accounts for 12.5% of total area under cultivation, but enters the middle and later periods nineties, and due to a large amount of uses of chemical fertilizer, national green manure is produced and occurred large area atrophy, and output also significantly declines.In recent years, along with the whole world is to the further concern of grain security, climatic variation and Environmental and ecological problems, green manure crop produces and again comes into one's own with utilizing.Hunan Province's Green manuring is with a long history, and the middle and later periods nineties in last century our province green manure is produced and also occurred wide-spread decline.Within 2008, the recovery that stops dropping produced by our province green manure, and the whole province's green manure is produced to be in and recovered among development.But, the production restoration process of green manure is faced with the difficulty of seed reservation deficiency, and main cause is the requirement that original green manure production technology is not suitable with modern agricultural production, and seed yields is generally not high, average yield per mu only has 20-30 kilogram, thus causes market seed supply nervous; Meanwhile, because traditional green manure production process is loaded down with trivial details, amount of labour demanded is large, is not suitable with that modern agriculture gently simplifies production process, the requirement of mechanization, causes peasant not high for the enthusiasm of Green manuring, limits recovery energetically and development that green manure produces.
The ABUNDANT NATUREAL RESOURSESs such as Hunan water-saving, heat, light, have the climatic superiority that development green manure is produced.Chinese milk vetch is the main green manure kind of our province paddy field cultivation.At present, the whole province have one season 1,200,000 hectares, rice field, except fraction and rape or cotton crop rotation, all the other are mainly fallow field in the winter time, therefore have the crops for rotation that winter planting's Chinese milk vetch can make full use of.If make full use of these Winter paddy field plantation Chinese milk vetch crop, Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds is gathered in the crops before Second Year rice transplanting, Chinese milk vetch stalk turns over paddy soil of fostering and apply fertilizer, utilize the Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds lost in Chinese milk vetch results process to carry out Chinese milk vetch to exempt to broadcast circulation and to reserve seed for planting production simultaneously, not only can alleviate Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds problem in short supply, increase the storage level of seed, and paddy soil of fostering and apply fertilizer is of great significance with the equal tool of raising rice yield.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to a southern problem that let a piece of farmland go to waste generally winter in Ji Dao district, Chinese milk vetch production process working feature is large, Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds is in short supply at present, propose a kind of to reduce working feature, increase seed yields, alleviate Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds shortage and increase Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds storage level, play the foster and apply fertilizer rice field Chinese milk vetch of effect of paddy soil of Chinese milk vetch straw-returning simultaneously and exempt to broadcast circulation and to reserve seed for planting method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of rice field Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting method, comprises the steps:
A, in mid or late May, when Chinese milk vetch black pod rate in full rice field reaches about 90-95%, adopt whole-feed rice combine harvester results Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds, during harvesting, by regulating the fan delivery of rice combine, to make in Chinese milk vetch stalk to scatter in residual Chinese milk vetch seed and results process the Chinese milk vetch seed amount in field account for Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds gross yield 5% ~ 15% between, Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds airing removal of impurities in the 1-2 days warehouse-in of results;
B, by the Chinese milk vetch stalk uniformly dispersing pulverized in rice field, macerate 5-10 days, non watered ploughing carry out one season rice transplant or one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding;
C, to one season rice manage, after season mid or late September to early October one rice maturation, select whole-feed rice combine harvester to carry out rice harves, straw stays high stubble;
D, mid or late March in next year, carry out drain ditch dredging and the cleaning of Chinese milk vetch seed field, reaches to become a fine day face, field and do not stay water, rainy field not ponding, waits for May next year and carry out the cycling of Chinese milk vetch machinery sowing.
In described step a, the fan delivery of whole-feed rice combine harvester is arranged between 4 ~ 12m/s.
In described step a, header height extremely overhead about the 5cm that adjustment whole-feed rice combine harvester is received.
In described step c, the header height of adjustment whole-feed rice combine harvester is between 45-55cm.
In described steps d, adopt and execute fertilizer of surviving the winter, execute fused calcium magnesium phosphate 15-20 kilogram for every mu, potassium chloride 4-6 kilogram, select to spray 2-3 strong seed foliage fertilizer without the rainy day at pregnant flower bud phase to initial bloom stage.
In described steps d, hold successfully to enclose in the middle of ditch, field in field surrounding and hold longitudinal furrow and traverse furrow successfully, so that draining.
Adopt said method, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, select whole-feed rice combine harvester, by the fan delivery of whole-feed rice combine harvester is regulated between 4 ~ 12m/s, to guarantee in Chinese milk vetch stalk to scatter in residual Chinese milk vetch seed and results process Chinese milk vetch seed amount in field between 5% ~ 15% of gross yield (lower than 5%, heighten fan delivery, fan delivery is turned down) higher than 15%, thus make while harvesting, Chinese milk vetch to be sowed, thus eliminate harvested seed is sowed again, thus save Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds consumption, improve our province Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds storage level, in short supply for alleviation Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds, the recovery great significance that level out market Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds price and our province Chinese milk vetch are produced.
2, adopt rice combine results Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds and pulverize Chinese milk vetch stalk, pour water and macerate 5-10 days, turned over by non watered ploughing and transplant early rice or early rice no-tillage and direct-seeding, take full advantage of the nutrient in Chinese milk vetch stalk, for season rice growth provides organic materials, reach the object of foster and apply fertilizer paddy soil and increase rice yield.
3, one season rice Later growth, draining dry field, both Chinese milk vetch germination and emergence had been beneficial to, also be beneficial to rice season, nutrient later stage and be transported to seed from stem stalk, blade, promote rice milking stage, now tall and big rice plant also can be Chinese milk vetch seedling and shelters from heat or light, and reduces Chinese milk vetch plant water evaporation quantity, for emerging of Chinese milk vetch provides good ecotope.
4, adopt this method plantation Chinese milk vetch than conventional seed planting Chinese milk vetch method have emerge neat, emerge Zao, growing way good and seed production high, and to effectively prevent at the bottom of rice cover and broadcast Chinese milk vetch seeding process and walk about to the interference of paddy growth in field, be conducive to paddy rice stable and high yields.
5, Chinese milk vetch is once sowed and is exempted from for many years to broadcast, the expense of Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds and Rhizobium Inoculation can be saved, decrease the expense of labour during sowing, Chinese milk vetch is reserved seed for planting and also can be obtained seed income, Chinese milk vetch straw-returning paddy soil of fostering and apply fertilizer can reduce fertilizer amount and improve rice yield, thus reduces the planting benefit that chemical fertilizer drops into, improves peasant household.
6, traditional Chinese milk vetch is reserved seed for planting and is adopted artificial sowing, Chinese milk vetch stalk shifts out field, production process labour input amount is large, labour intensity is high, Losing seed rate is large, in the present invention Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds adopt mechanical harvest, Chinese milk vetch stalk original place also field, this process reduces labour's input amount, reduce labour intensity, achieve production process mechanization.
In sum, the present invention utilizes field of letting a piece of farmland go to waste winter, a southern Ji Dao district to carry out Chinese milk vetch and exempt to broadcast circulation and reserve seed for planting, can produce Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds 40-60kg/ mu every year, and energy activating soil phosphorus potassium nutrition, reduce the nutrient loss during winter slack, once sow and exempt from for many years to broadcast, save the expense of Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds 2.0-2.5kg/ mu and Rhizobium Inoculation, decrease the working feature of sowing, after mechanical harvest Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds, Chinese milk vetch stalk will be pulverized and go back field on the spot, utilize the nutrient in Chinese milk vetch stalk, for season rice growth provides organic materials, to foster and apply fertilizer paddy soil, increase rice yield, reduce applying quantity of chemical fertilizer and preserve the ecological environment, add one season rice field output value 400-600 unit/mu, direct impetus will be played to the green manure development that China rises again.
Embodiment
Further describe the embodiment of this patent below.
The first step, the mechanical sowing of a season rice field Chinese milk vetch
Before mid or late May Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds results, remove the foreign material such as field comparatively hard comparatively large clod, stone, iron wire iron flask, trees.When the black pod rate of Chinese milk vetch reaches about 90-95%, select fine day, adopt whole-feed rice combine results Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds.Before starting to gather in Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds, the header height of adjustment rice combine, adjustment header is about 5cm extremely overhead.From the seed that grain outlet is collected, airing 1-2 days, removal of impurities, warehouse-in.
Second step, by the Chinese milk vetch stalk uniformly dispersing pulverized in rice field, pours water and discharge outlet is sealed and avoid the Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds staying Tanaka to flow away with water, after macerating 5-10 days, non watered ploughing carry out one season rice transplant or one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding.
3rd step, one season rice water and fertilizer management
Face, field 2 ~ 3cm water layer is kept to turn green in order to the rice shoot root and stem of certain plants alive when one season, rice was transplanted; Live season rice sowing fills with shallow water (ensure face, field 0 ~ 0.5cm water layer) to seed rice germination period, fills with shallow water (ensure face, field has 1.5 ~ 2.0cm catchment layer) during paddy rice 2 leaf 1 heart.Paddy growth shallow water moisture management in early stage, Soil surface water layer depth remains on 1 ~ 3cm, early stage keeps shallow water moistening irrigation, original place decomposition Chinese milk vetch stalk, make the Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds be entrained in wherein not drift about in heaps Tanaka, after enough seedlings, heavy dew gently shines, alternation of wetting and drying after heading flowering, overboard dry field after milk ripe stage, guarantees that Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds is not dead by water logging after germinateing.Nitrogen, phosphorus and K Amounts are 70 ~ 85% of conventional fertilizer application, the same conventional fertilizer application of method of application.
4th step, one season rice results
After a rice milk ripe stage in season, carry out overboard dry field, when ensureing to gather in the crops, rice field is anhydrous, straw incorporation or in 1-3 days straw shift out seed field, straw incorporation selects whole-feed rice combine harvester to carry out rice harves, adjustment grain header header height is between 45-55cm, other harvesting program is identical with traditional paddy rice harvesting program, straw accumulation of thick place bamboo pole or rake is dispersed opens, prevent straw accumulation of thick from affecting Chinese milk vetch growth of seedling, straw frame preserves soil moisture for Chinese milk vetch growth of seedling shades and provides sufficient space for Chinese milk vetch grows on rice stub simultaneously, the nutrient of straw release also promotes that full field Chinese milk vetch-straw is fully coordinated to utilize further.
5th step, Chinese milk vetch manages
Select to become a fine day to hold successfully in field surrounding with ditching machine and enclose ditch, meanwhile, in the middle of field, hold longitudinal furrow and traverse furrow successfully, make rice field form " ten " font or " well " font ditch system.At mid or late March, carry out drain ditch dredging and the cleaning of Chinese milk vetch seed field, reach and become a fine day face, field and do not stay water, rainy field not ponding.
For improving Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds output, before the winter, executing fertilizer of surviving the winter, execute fused calcium magnesium phosphate 15-20 kilogram for every mu, potassium chloride 4-6 kilogram, during a season rice fertilising, cut the amount of application of these 2 kinds of fertilizer; Select to spray 2-3 strong seed foliage fertilizer without the rainy day at pregnant flower bud phase to initial bloom stage.
Other management are with Chinese milk vetch general planting.
6th step, Chinese milk vetch circulation sowing
Early or mid May next year carries out the cycling of the Chinese milk vetch machinery farming such as sowing and season rice transplanting.Its concrete operation method is the above-mentioned 1-5 step of circulation.
Points for attention:
1, after Chinese milk vetch mechanical harvest, by the Chinese milk vetch stalk uniformly dispersing pulverized in rice field, for ensuring enough Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds of emerging, Chinese milk vetch stalk can not be burned.
2, after Chinese milk vetch mechanical harvest, for the Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds of staying Tanaka after avoiding pouring water to flow away loss with water, should in time field drainage mouth be sealed.
3, for ensureing that Chinese milk vetch is emerged early, it is neat to emerge, prevent from damaging seedling during rice harves, timely overboard dry field is wanted after a rice milk ripe stage in season, dredging drain ditch in the field, and pour water flexibly according to weather and soil property, accomplish few filling or do not fill with, if poured water, to fill with horse race water, ensure that field is moistening, but not ponding.Within before paddy rice harvesting 15-20 days, cut off the water supply.
If the 4 one rear rice straw also fields of season rice results, for avoiding Chinese milk vetch seedling to be scorched to death, can not burn straw Tanaka.
Embodiment 1
Within 2011, to select in San Xianhu town, Nan County one season 28 mu, rice field, after season September one in 2011 rice results, sow Chinese milk vetch, Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds consumption 2.5kg/ mu, Chinese milk vetch kind is " purple No. 1 of the Hunan " of the autonomous seed selection of Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Inst..Concrete farming operation is as follows:
Sow Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds after season in September in 2011 20 days one rice results, on May 15th, 2012 mechanical harvest Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds.Chinese milk vetch stalk was dispersed in Tanaka the same day by sowing, and non watered ploughing turns over, envelope discharge outlet, prevented the seed in Chinese milk vetch stalk from flowing out field with the seed being scattered in field with water, poured water to macerate and within 10 days, carried out season rice transplanting.One season rice growth shallow water moisture management in early stage, Soil surface water layer depth keeps 1-3cm, and after enough seedlings, heavy dew gently shines, overboard dry field after milk ripe stage.Season in September in 2012 18 days one, rice results stayed 45-55cm height stubble, and by even for straw spreading in field, field is opened " well " font ditch system, ensures face, field not ponding.On January 10th, 2013 executes 20 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate by every mu, and potassium chloride 4 kilograms of consumptions topdress, and March 19 and March 28 spray a Chinese milk vetch respectively and strengthens seed foliage fertilizer.The mechanical sowing of Chinese milk vetch on May 18.Within 2013, season rice management was with 2012.
Compared with a local season rice-Winter paddy field, 2012 every mu receive Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds 47.0kg, the every per mu yield of a season rice on average increases 50.0kg, and 2013 annuals every mu results Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds 58.5kg, the every per mu yield of a season rice on average increases 65.0kg.
Embodiment 2
Within 2011, select about 25 mu, season rice field, high bridge town one, Changsha County.After season September one in 2011 rice results, sow Chinese milk vetch, Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds consumption 2.5kg/ mu, Chinese milk vetch kind is " Hunan purple No. 2 " of the autonomous seed selection of Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Inst..Concrete farming operation is as follows:
Sow Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds after season in September in 2011 18 days one rice results, on May 13rd, 2012 mechanical harvest Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds.Chinese milk vetch stalk is dispersed in Tanaka in second day by sowing, envelope discharge outlet, prevents the seed in Chinese milk vetch stalk and the seed that is scattered in field from flowing out field with water, pour water macerate within 10 days, carry out one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding.One season rice growth shallow water moisture management in early stage, Soil surface water layer depth keeps 1-3cm, and after enough seedlings, heavy dew gently shines, overboard dry field after milk ripe stage.Season in September in 2012 22 days one, straw was shifted out Chinese milk vetch seed field in latter second day by rice results, field is opened " well " font ditch system, ensured face, field not ponding, grew in order to Chinese milk vetch.On January 12nd, 2013 executes 15 kilograms, fused calcium magnesium phosphate by every mu, and potassium chloride 6 kilograms of consumptions topdress, and sprays once strong seed foliage fertilizer respectively on March 18, March 25 and April 4.The mechanical sowing of Chinese milk vetch on May 11st, 2013.Within 2013, season rice management was with 2012.
Compared with a local season rice-Winter paddy field, 2012 every mu receive Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds 42.5kg, the every per mu yield of a season rice on average increases 55.0kg, and 2013 annuals every mu results Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds 48.0kg, the every per mu yield of a season rice on average increases 68.5kg.
Claims (6)
1. rice field Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting a method, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, in mid or late May, when Chinese milk vetch black pod rate in full rice field reaches 90-95%, adopt whole-feed rice combine harvester results Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds, during harvesting, by regulating the fan delivery of whole-feed rice combine harvester, to make in Chinese milk vetch stalk to scatter in residual Chinese milk vetch seed and results process the Chinese milk vetch seed amount in field account for Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds gross yield 5% ~ 15% between, Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds airing removal of impurities in the 1-2 days warehouse-in of results;
B, by the Chinese milk vetch stalk uniformly dispersing pulverized in rice field, macerate 5-10 days, non watered ploughing carry out one season rice transplant or one season rice no-tillage and direct-seeding;
C, to one season rice manage, after season mid or late September to early October one rice maturation, select whole-feed rice combine harvester to carry out rice harves, straw stays high stubble;
D, mid or late March in next year, carry out drain ditch dredging and the cleaning of Chinese milk vetch seed field, reaches to become a fine day face, field and do not stay water, rainy field not ponding, waits for May next year and carry out the cycling of Chinese milk vetch machinery sowing.
2. rice field according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting method, and it is characterized in that, in described step a, the fan delivery of whole-feed rice combine harvester is arranged between 4 ~ 12m/s.
3. rice field according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting method, it is characterized in that, in described step a, the header height of adjustment whole-feed rice combine harvester is to overhead about 5cm.
4. rice field according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting method, and it is characterized in that, in described step c, the header height of adjustment whole-feed rice combine harvester is between 45-55cm.
5. rice field according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting method, it is characterized in that, in described steps d, fertilizer of surviving the winter is executed in employing, execute fused calcium magnesium phosphate 15-20 kilogram for every mu, potassium chloride 4-6 kilogram, select to spray 2-3 strong seed foliage fertilizer without the rainy day at pregnant flower bud phase to initial bloom stage.
6. rice field according to claim 1 Chinese milk vetch is exempted to broadcast circulation and to be reserved seed for planting method, it is characterized in that, in described steps d, holds successfully to enclose in the middle of ditch, field hold longitudinal furrow and traverse furrow successfully, so that draining in field surrounding.
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| CN105493842A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-20 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Halophyte planting method capable of avoiding seeding |
| CN109169122A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-11 | 湖南山水道生态文化发展有限公司 | The implantation methods of Chinese milk vetch |
| CN110419406A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | A kind of High Yielding of Chinese Milk Vetch Seeds production method |
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