CN1545846A - Maize drought defying cultivation pit culture method - Google Patents
Maize drought defying cultivation pit culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1545846A CN1545846A CNA2003101158777A CN200310115877A CN1545846A CN 1545846 A CN1545846 A CN 1545846A CN A2003101158777 A CNA2003101158777 A CN A2003101158777A CN 200310115877 A CN200310115877 A CN 200310115877A CN 1545846 A CN1545846 A CN 1545846A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation, in particular a maize resisting drought cultivation method mainly comprising the steps of potholing, fertilizer burying, irrigation, seeding and field care, wherein the potholing, fertilizer burying, watering and closing are conducted in one time.
Description
Technical field: the invention belongs to the crop genetics in the agricultural technology field, relate to drought-resistant maize kind method for planting, specifically a kind of drought-resistant maize cultivation hole kind method.
Technical background: moisture is the key factor that influences crop growth and output, arid and semi-arid lands, whole world area accounts for 25% and 30% of land surface, these regional rainfed farming areas but account for more than 30% of world's arable area, and also normal with arid seasonal or that be difficult to expect at humid region, thereby production impacts to world agriculture.For this reason, people never were interrupted the research of the measure of raising arid and semi-arid lands's crop yield.
Corn is to need the more important cereal crops of water, from its seed germination, emerge to each breeding time of maturation, except should suitably controlling seedling stage soil moisture restrains the growth of seedlings, all must satisfy the requirement of corn from jointing to ripe to moisture, its normal growth is grown.Yet sowing area accounts for the corn of Chinese cereal crops sowing area more than 18%, and the arid and semi-arid lands that is distributed in over half is arranged, and belongs to " rain is supported " corn, often is subjected to the threat of arid, often brings massive losses to Maize Production.For many years, in order to improve the corn yield of semiarid zone or dry year, also in order to ensure stability, the continuation of semiarid zone or dry year Maize Production, people once sought various approach, and the research of the comprehensive drought-resistant cultivating measure of corn is then lacked systematicness.
The Chinese patent communique discloses a kind of " cultivating method of crop " (CN 1301484A), is on the basis of existing corn plantation, carries out a cave of two above corns of cave plantation and plants more.Saving water, resisting drought problem with regard to occurring in the present Maize Production does not propose substantial solution, and just the method for planting with a cave exchanges more output for more input more.Whether observe by feasible being still waiting in the production of reality for this production method that exchanges quantity with quantity for, but the production method that plant more in a certainly this cave is to solve the saving water, resisting drought problem that runs in the Maize Production process.
Summary of the invention: in the face of above technical problem, the present invention has carried out and has goed deep into systematic research work in a large number around improving the drought-resistant maize cultivation step, utilizes hole kind of a technological means, and purpose provides a kind of drought-resistant maize cultivation hole kind method
The technology of the present invention feature comprises digs pit, and buries fertilizer and pours water, and sowing and field management are wherein digged pit, buried fertilizer and pour water, seal once and carry out.
Plant in the hole is exactly the plantation of digging pit, so will dig pit earlier.The time of digging pit, line-spacing was 100cm between the hole in the autumn and the spring in every year, and dark 60～84cm is cheated apart from being 50～83.3cm in the hole, footpath, hole 45～55cm, sub-circular or square.In order to make plant ventilation and penetrating light performance good, between row and the row will stagger mutually in the position in hole.
Dig after the hole, bury fertilizer.The turf on some fertilizer that fully do not become thoroughly decomposed or the mashed grass of broken bavin, farmyard manure, other canal limit, the road soil etc. of living, mix at 2: 1 with the soil that digs out earlier, admix chemical fertilizer such as 20～30g diammonium phosphate or ammonium nitrate again and fill out and cheating bottom, thickness is advisable to be no more than 10cm after treading.And then will be mixed with the better farmyard manure 0.3～0.7kg of 20～30g diammonium phosphate or ammonium nitrate and the hole of digging out soil fully behind the mixing backfill go into the hole and tread.Immediately water is poured in the hole, treat that water oozes fully down after, can clap remaining former top layer mellow soil in the broken hole of inserting after pouring water.Owing to increased fertilizer and farmyard manure etc. in the hole, the hole is gone in the whole backfills of remaining soil, must exceed original ground, be advisable to exceed about original ground 7cm, but cover near coal-mine area and be greater than former near coal-mine area, the near coal-mine soil of covering is made real strickling promptly seal, in case the evaporation of water in soil.For better the soil moisture conservation, at last will the hole on covering with plastic film.
Sowing must be in good time, and seed level is decided because of soil moisture content.The principle that should grasp is: seed must be planted in the soil that slightly is deeper than the former face of land below sealing soil, covers seed with the thick wet soil of 5cm earlier, on top covers the soil moisture conservation of thick profit of 5cm and dry ground again.3 caves, one hole are triangular in shape, and spacing in the rows is grasped at 20～23cm.
In field management, when emerging, the corn of epiphragma will not carry out abolishing behind the rain and hardens, and the rupture of membranes after the corn of epiphragma will be emerged leaks informaton.Shallow intertillage is carried out in the thinning in tri-leaf period; Five leaf phase final singlings, 1 seedling is only stayed in 1 cave, can begin to intertill deeply.The corn that plant in general hole did not need to topdress before heading stage, began the visual plant growing way in back in the fringe phase and determined whether and need topdress.Topdress as need and just to carry out the soil deep-topdressing, apart from plant 10cm place far away along around dig circle ditch dark about 13cm and evenly be sprinkled into, simultaneously the fertilizer that is sprinkled into is buried with soil.Chase after chemical fertilizer or night soil all can.From the later each intertillage of final singling, will earth up toward the plant root consciously.To the corn growth later stage, the mound of plant root preferably can reach about high 16cm, about diameter 33cm, can promote the aerial root growth like this, strengthens the plant enabling capabilities, prevents lodging effectively.Should shallow intertillage in the later stage intertillage in order to avoid hinder root, to remove weeds, keep the table soil loosening, be beneficial to retain and conserve soil moisture, improve ground temperature, ventilating air, the ability that makes the root system later stage absorb nutrient, moisture keeps good situation.
The present invention undermost smashing wood and stalk, farmyard manure etc. in the process in hole kind before corn growth, seldom play a role mid-term, allow it slowly go to macerate naturally to make and become thoroughly decomposed along with the rising of ground temperature, temperature because of burying deeply and fully do not become thoroughly decomposed.The intermediary and later stages root system that has arrived corn growth is also pricked down, and these things that are embedded in have bottom also fully become thoroughly decomposed just, and fertilizer efficiency just in time plays a role, avoided the corn growth intermediary and later stages because of base fertilizer not enough and deep layer do not have the fertilizer that takes off that fertilizer causes.In in the hole, the meticulous fertilizer on upper strata (it is better to execute a little seed manures more in right amount when sowing) then before corn growth, play a role mid-term.This all have methods of application of fertilizer deficiency not of fertilizer, each growth period from top to bottom, both deepened plough horizon, improved soil structure again, the content of organic matter is heightened, also strengthen soil water storage and protected fertile ability, guarantee the corn needs that grow in all one's life, also brought assurance for the volume increase stable yields.
Embodiment: application example: adopt the present invention to test in high yield side, long queue township, western Qian Guo county, Chinese Jilin Province.This area be typical semiarid zone, and 10 years nine spring drought is suitable for the enforcement of the present invention.
Dig pit, bury fertilizer in advance and pour water the autumn in every year, seals near coal-minely then, builds mulch film, begins sowing in good time.
Used corn variety is that the compact corn kind is tucked in list-No. 13, and per hectare can be planted 55000～60000 strains, and per hectare is digged pit 18000～20000, kind triangular in shape 3 caves, every hole, line-spacing is 100cm, the hole distance is 50～56cm, the hole is 67cm deeply, and 50cm is square for the footpath, hole.
Dig after the hole, earlier the turf on some fertilizer that fully do not become thoroughly decomposed or the mashed grass of broken bavin, farmyard manure, other canal limit, the road soil etc. of living, the soil that digs out mixes at 2: 1, admixes chemical fertilizer such as 25g diammonium phosphate or ammonium nitrate again and fills out at the hole bottom, and thickness is advisable to be no more than 10cm after treading.To be mixed with about the better farmyard manure 0.5kg of 25g diammonium phosphate or ammonium nitrate then and the hole of digging out soil fully behind the mixing backfill go into the hole and tread.The loam for the treatment of backfill pours into half barrel of water in the hole when the near coal-mine 7cm left and right sides.After treating that water oozes fully down, remaining former top layer mellow soil is clapped in the broken hole of all inserting after pouring water.Owing to increased fertilizer and farmyard manure etc. in the hole, the hole is gone in the whole backfills of remaining soil, must exceed original ground, is advisable about original ground 7cm to exceed, and is greater than former near coal-mine area but cover near coal-mine area, makes real strickling with spade, in case the evaporation of water in soil.Last covering with plastic film.
Sowed April 24.One hole, 3 cave maize plantings, triangular in shape, spacing in the rows is at 22cm.Covering with plastic film after planting, the back rupture of membranes of emerging leaks informaton.Shallow intertillage is carried out in the thinning in tri-leaf period; Strain strong sprout is only stayed in five leaf phase final singlings, 1 cave, and begin to intertill deeply this moment.Carry out the soil deep-topdressing in the fringe phase, apart from plant 10cm place far away along around dig the dark circle ditch of 13cm and evenly be sprinkled into and bury with soil, chase after chemical fertilizer or night soil all can.From the later each intertillage of final singling, earth up toward the plant root consciously.To the corn growth later stage, the mound of plant root reaches about high 15cm, about diameter 32cm, can promote the aerial root growth like this, strengthens the plant enabling capabilities, prevents lodging effectively.Shallow intertillage of later stage to remove weeds, keeps the table soil loosening in order to avoid hinder root, helps retaining and conserveing soil moisture, improves ground temperature, ventilating air, and the ability that makes the root system later stage absorb nutrient, moisture keeps good situation.
Drought resisting hole kind of plant stalwartness, big panicle many grains per panicle, full grains, grain is brought up again height, and output increases, and corn field does not have weed growth simultaneously.Kind of the comparison of drought-resistant maize hole is according to real estate corn yield increasing 118%.
Concrete result of the test and real estate corn contrast Lie Zhubiao as follows.
Table 1 the present invention is to the influence of corn growth
| Handle | The thick cm of stem | Plant height cm | Weave silk |
| Drought resisting hole kind of common cultivation | ????2.86 ????2.60 | ????276.86 ????274.67 | Normally weaved silk in 5 days in advance |
The corn ear character of table 2 the present invention and common cultivation and production ratio are
| Handle | Spike length cm | Tassel row number | Row grain number | The heavy g of fringe | The fringe grain is heavy | 100-grain weight g | Output kghm -2 |
| Drought resisting hole kind of common cultivation | ????22.18 ????20.98 | ?14.30 ?14.24 | ?46.21 ?45.09 | ?263.65 ?257.83 | ?228.59 ?222.37 | ?35.02 ?34.74 | ????12429.5 ????11118.5 |
Claims (8)
1, a kind of drought-resistant maize cultivation hole kind method, comprise dig pit, bury that fertilizer is poured water, sowing and field management, it is characterized in that autumn or the spring of the time of digging pit in every year, line-spacing is 100cm between the hole, and dark 60～84cm is cheated apart from being 50～83.3cm in the hole, footpath, hole 45～55cm, sub-circular or square; Bury fertile earlier some fertilizer that fully do not become thoroughly decomposed or the mashed grass of broken bavin, farmyard manure, the turf on other canal limit, road is lived native, mix at 2: 1 with the soil that digs out, admixing 20～30g diammonium phosphate or ammonium nitrate again fills out at the hole bottom, thickness is advisable to be no more than 10cm after treading, and then will be mixed with the better farmyard manure 0.3～0.7kg of 20～30g diammonium phosphate or ammonium nitrate, going into the hole with backfill behind the abundant mixing of hole soil that digs out treads, pour water is that water is poured in the hole, after treating that water oozes fully down, remaining former top layer mellow soil is clapped in the broken hole of inserting after pouring water, the hole is gone in the whole backfills of remaining soil, be advisable to exceed about original ground 7cm, cover near coal-mine area and be greater than former near coal-mine area, make real strickling covering near coal-mine soil; The seed kind slightly is deeper than below sealing soil in the soil on the former face of land during sowing, covers seed with the thick wet soil of 5cm earlier, on top covers the soil moisture conservation of thick profit of 5cm and dry ground again, and 3 caves, a hole are triangular in shape, and spacing in the rows is at 20～23cm; When field management is emerged, the corn of epiphragma will not carry out abolishing behind the rain and hardens, rupture of membranes after the corn of epiphragma will be emerged leaks informaton, and shallow intertillage is carried out in the thinning in tri-leaf period, five leaf phase final singlings, 1 seedling is only stayed in 1 cave, begins to intertill deeply, begins to carry out the soil deep-topdressing in the fringe phase, the place far away apart from plant 10cm evenly is sprinkled into along digging circle ditch dark about 13cm all around, simultaneously the fertilizer that is sprinkled into buried with soil.
2, according to the described drought-resistant maize cultivation of right 1 hole kind method, it is characterized in that digging pit, bury fertilizer and pour water, seal once and carry out, seal back covering with plastic film on cheating.
3, according to right 2 described drought-resistant maize cultivation hole kind methods, it is characterized in that staggering mutually in the position in hole between row and the row.
4, according to right 3 described drought-resistant maize cultivation hole kind methods, it is characterized in that from the later each intertillage of final singling, earth up toward the plant root, to the corn growth later stage, plant root mound reaches high 16cm, diameter 33cm, the later stage intertillage wants shallow intertillage in order to avoid hinder root, removing weeds, keep the table soil loosening, be beneficial to retain and conserve soil moisture, improve ground temperature, ventilating air is advisable.
5, according to the described drought-resistant maizes cultivation of right 4 hole kind methods, it is characterized in that used corn variety is that the compact corn kind is tucked in list-No. 13, line-spacing is 100cm, and the hole is apart from being 50～56cm, and the hole be 67cm deeply, cheats that directly 50cm is square.
6, according to right 3 or 5 described drought-resistant maize cultivation hole kind methods, it is characterized in that the turf work soil on the mashed grass of some fertilizer that does not fully become thoroughly decomposed or broken bavin, farmyard manure, other canal limit, road etc., the soil that digs out mixes at 2: 1, admixing 25g diammonium phosphate or ammonium nitrate again fills out at the hole bottom, thickness is advisable to be no more than 10cm after treading, the hole that will be mixed with the better farmyard manure 0.5kg of 25g diammonium phosphate or ammonium nitrate then and dig out soil fully behind the mixing backfill go into the hole and tread.
7, according to right 5 described drought-resistant maize cultivation hole kind methods, it is characterized in that a hole 3 cave maize plantings, triangular in shape, spacing in the rows is at 22cm; Covering with plastic film after planting, the back rupture of membranes of emerging leaks informaton; Strain strong sprout is only stayed in five leaf phase final singlings, 1 cave, carries out the soil deep-topdressing in the fringe phase, apart from plant 10cm place far away along around dig the dark circle ditch of 13cm and evenly be sprinkled into and bury with soil, chase after chemical fertilizer or night soil all can.
8, according to right 7 described drought-resistant maize cultivation hole kind methods, it is characterized in that from the later each intertillage of final singling earth up toward the plant root, to the corn growth later stage, the mound of plant root reaches high 15cm, diameter 32cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200310115877 CN1263366C (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2003-12-02 | Maize drought defying cultivation pit culture method |
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| CN 200310115877 CN1263366C (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2003-12-02 | Maize drought defying cultivation pit culture method |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100333635C (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2007-08-29 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating spring corn in hilly region |
| CN100394835C (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2008-06-18 | 东北师范大学 | Tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn |
| CN102498774A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-06-20 | 南建福 | Vertical and deep hole cultivation method for farmland |
| CN102577797A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-18 | 河南省农业科学院 | Method for identifying drought resistance of maize |
| CN103404335A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-11-27 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Method for storing moisture and preventing drought in dry farming spring corn area |
| CN103828591A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-06-04 | 曾建 | Corn high-yield and lodging-resistant cultivation method |
| CN104429573A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-25 | 狄正兴 | Earthing, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corn on spring watermelon crop |
| CN104719073A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-24 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Drought-resisting cultivation pit sowing method for macadimia nuts |
| CN104770126A (en) * | 2015-03-29 | 2015-07-15 | 李澜 | Nest fertilizer application technology |
| CN105309179A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2016-02-10 | 广西大学 | A corn and soybean interplanting method |
| CN110169321A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-08-27 | 湖南人文科技学院 | A kind of cultural method of hilly regions in south China drought-resistant maize, lodging-prevention |
| CN114041374A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-15 | 张家港市绿岩环境科技有限公司 | Method for recovering vegetation in arid mine |
-
2003
- 2003-12-02 CN CN 200310115877 patent/CN1263366C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100333635C (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2007-08-29 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating spring corn in hilly region |
| CN100394835C (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2008-06-18 | 东北师范大学 | Tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn |
| CN102498774A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-06-20 | 南建福 | Vertical and deep hole cultivation method for farmland |
| CN102577797A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-18 | 河南省农业科学院 | Method for identifying drought resistance of maize |
| CN103404335B (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-11-18 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | A kind of level of spring corn in arid areas district stores the method that moisture in the soil drives drought |
| CN103404335A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-11-27 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Method for storing moisture and preventing drought in dry farming spring corn area |
| CN103828591A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-06-04 | 曾建 | Corn high-yield and lodging-resistant cultivation method |
| CN103828591B (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2017-02-15 | 王菲菲 | Corn high-yield and lodging-resistant cultivation method |
| CN104429573A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-25 | 狄正兴 | Earthing, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corn on spring watermelon crop |
| CN104719073A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-24 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Drought-resisting cultivation pit sowing method for macadimia nuts |
| CN104770126A (en) * | 2015-03-29 | 2015-07-15 | 李澜 | Nest fertilizer application technology |
| CN105309179A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2016-02-10 | 广西大学 | A corn and soybean interplanting method |
| CN110169321A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-08-27 | 湖南人文科技学院 | A kind of cultural method of hilly regions in south China drought-resistant maize, lodging-prevention |
| CN114041374A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-15 | 张家港市绿岩环境科技有限公司 | Method for recovering vegetation in arid mine |
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| CN1263366C (en) | 2006-07-12 |
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