CN1817084A - Tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn - Google Patents

Tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1817084A
CN1817084A CN 200610016630 CN200610016630A CN1817084A CN 1817084 A CN1817084 A CN 1817084A CN 200610016630 CN200610016630 CN 200610016630 CN 200610016630 A CN200610016630 A CN 200610016630A CN 1817084 A CN1817084 A CN 1817084A
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fertilizer
furrow
drought
ridge
sowing
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CN100394835C (en
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靳英华
周道玮
姜世成
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Northeast Normal University
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Northeast Normal University
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Abstract

A method for cultivating corn in order to fight against drought and preserving the fertilizer in soil includes such steps as preparing soil in the autumn for collecting the rain in the soil, sowing in the spring in the furrow mode for decreasing the loss of water and soil, topdressing, and changing the furrows to bed for preserving water and fertilizer.

Description

A kind of tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn
Technical field
The invention belongs to farming operation management, be specially adapted to that northeast is half moistening, the dry farming rainfed farming of semiarid region, be a kind of drought resisting, keep a full stand of seedings, protect the novel corn methods of cultivation fertile, that prevent wind erosion, weed eradication, high yield.
Technical background
Temperate zone, northeast half moistening, semi-arid climate type, annual precipitation 300-500mm, average out to 419.8mm, 60-70% concentrate on 6-8 month.Year evaporation discharge 1600mm is about 3.5 times of precipitation.Spring, arid was short of rain, much wind weather, and annual mean wind speed 4.8m/s, maximum mean wind speed appears at April, and minimum windspeed appears at August.The zonal soil type is chernozem and chestnut soil, and azonal soil is aeolian sandy soil and saline soil.
Many reclamation of wasteland grassland, this zone is the farmland, and the conventional tillage mode is whole ground in spring, ridge platform kind plant.Spring precipitation is few, and some areas are to hit by drought 9 years out of 10, and again on the occasion of the strong wind phase in spring, early spring, the evaporation of soil moisture certainly will be accelerated in whole ground, and the soil loss of moisture is serious, and is totally unfavorable to sowing in spring; Because the farmland topsoil is loose, has increased the weight of the soil erosion; Arable land topsoil, particularly plasma are swept by strong wind, make it to become the dirt source; Fertile topsoil is eroded, and soil fertility is descended greatly; At ridge platform upper seeding wheel, running into the strong wind weather seed can be scraped, and occurs being short of seedling, shoot-breaking phenomenon.Corn is that this distinguishes main raise crop, and flowering stage and milk ripe stage are critical period of water requirement, and water requirement is big, but local area precipitation in summer abundance can guarantee growth needs substantially.Though corn water requirement in seedling stage is little, this phase precipitation is the key period of moisture seldom.Therefore how to increase the soil moisture content in early spring, reduce moisture loss, increasing emergence rate is the key that solves the spring sowing problem.
Make full use of natural rainfall, improving water use efficiency is one of key issue of rainfed farming research.China to evaporating as increasing soil water storage, reducing by cultivation step, enriches fertilizer in the arid and semi-arid area at present, and agronomic measures such as water-saving irrigation improve the water use efficiency aspect and carried out a large amount of research.Concrete measure can be built terraced fields by leveling land, and utilizes kiln cellar for storing things afflux rainwater etc., fully saves limited precipitation; Utilize suppression soil, soverlay techniques such as mulch film, stalk reduce the invalid of soil moisture to greatest extent and scatter and disappear; By enriching fertilizer, spray various growth regulators, improve crop water utilization ratio and output.But these methods all need the peasant that corresponding economic the input arranged, and have increased production cost, have increased the pollution to the soil.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of half moistening, semiarid dry farming rain-fed agriculture region northeastward and carries out whole ground in autumn, furrow sowing in spring, and after the typhon mouth phase topdressed, ridging became furrow the novel methods of cultivation of ridge platform.
Put in order the more autumn and winter sleet of farmland receivability on ground autumn, and soil moisture content is increased, and make upper soll layer that the process of consolidation gradually be arranged, thereby more weather-proof than the chesson behind the whole ground of spring.Show that according to the field experiment result autumn whole ground soil moisture content is significantly higher than whole ground of spring, spring and autumn, whole ground furrow soil moisture content all was higher than the ridge platform.Collect fine sand in the furrow on whole ground of autumn, make the furrow face of land, 5cm ground temperature be close to or higher than the temperature of ridge platform.This microenvironment of furrow provides hydrothermal condition preferably for emergence of corn, and the plantation protection effect is good in furrow, the emergence rate height.
In corn typhon mouth phase ditch, apply fertilizer, break former ridge platform then, make furrow become the ridge platform, make corn root and fertilizer all cover thicker soil horizon like this, the wheel number of corn nodose root is increased, underground stipes elongation, increase suction, fertile ability, improved water use efficiency; The fertilizer volatilization is slowed down, reduced the fertilizer waste, protect fertile effective.The corn late growing stage has improved ground temperature owing to furrow becomes the ridge platform, and prevents the effect of heavy rain waterlogging in summer stain.The corn that makes furrow plantation in early stage later stage ridge platform way to manage than simple ridge platform maize planting have that leaf is dark green, the greenery area longer duration, stem is thick, nodose root is many, the subterranean stem joint joint characteristics that spacing is long, output is high.
Patent of the present invention comprises following process:
Autumn whole ground: October 20 was implemented stubble-cleaning, ridging and suppression before freeze-up after the annual autumn harvest.
Furrow sowing in spring: sowing before and after the May 1 in every year.In the serious time of spring drought, sit water in the furrow, apply fertilizer, sow, earthing 5cm once finishes.As in the more time of spring precipitation, but apply fertilizer in the furrow, sow, earthing 5cm once finishes.
The intertillage management: the typhon mouth phase imposes chemical fertilizer between the furrow milpa, break original ridge platform then, gives the furrow earthing, makes original furrow become the ridge platform.
Field management: early stage, seedling management, whole growth phase weeds management, later stage stalk were identical with the conventional tillage mode with grain harvest.
If happen much wind weather in sowing time, and precipitation is few, can suitably postpone sowing date is on May-20 on the 10th.If a precipitation process reaches 10mm before and after May 1, sowing at once can be sat water.In the plot that does not have shelter forest, whole ground of autumn is stubble-cleaning not, toothing 10-15cm, and dark time furrow, control ridge height is 18-20cm.
The present invention mainly produces following beneficial effect:
(1) the more autumn and winter precipitation of autumn whole ground furrow receivability increases soil moisture content; It is less to break ground when sow for spring, has reduced water and soil loss.
When (2) the typhon mouth phase topdressed, ridging became the ridge platform with furrow, the thickness of earth-fill cover of thickening fertilizer and corn root, and the fertilizer efficiency fruit is protected in raising, has increased the number of plies of nodose root, improves the ability of plant suction, fertilizer, thereby has improved output.
(3) during middle term management, break the ridge platform and can play for the furrow earthing to turn over the purpose of pressing weeds.
(4) method is simple, easily promotes, and can obtain better economic, ecological benefits.
Embodiment
The present invention adopts 20 horsepowers of farm tractors to hang stubble cleaner and implements stubble-cleaning after autumn harvest on October 20 in 2003, and back three-share mounted plough breaks the ridge platform and beats the ridge, and control ridge height is 18-20cm, uses the packer suppression at last.Used 20 horsepowers of farm tractor front-axle beams to hang ploughs in-2 days on the 1st May in 2004, left wing is fertilizer applicator fixedly, and right flank is dibbler fixedly, the drought resisting tube of 1.5 tons of water of trailer loading, " V " type covering device in tow behind the trailer.Drive tractor and advance on the platform of ridge, regulate the plough height, open the 8-10cm shallow ridges in furrow, regulate fertilizer applicator, make the uniform broadcasting of phosphoric acid diamino in shallow ridges, control fertilizing amount flow velocity makes its fertilizing amount reach 230-250 kilogram/hectare; Regulate drought resisting tube water valve, sit water in shallow ridges, it is 40-45 ton/hectare that the water yield is sat in control.When returning operation in tractor, open dibbler, dibbler is regulated in dibbling in the shallow ridges of fertilising of last subjob process and seat water, and every hole dibbling amount is the 2-4 grain, and spacing is about 40cm, and uses " V " covering device earthing, and thickness is 4-6cm.On June 28th, 2004 was manually executed urea between plant, and fertilizing amount is 230-250 kilogram/hectare, used the operation of 20 horsepowers of farm tractor three-share mounted ploughs, break former ridge platform, controlling the new operation furrow degree of depth is 18-20cm, makes former furrow through after the operation, becomes the ridge platform.Early stage, seedling management, whole growth phase weeds management were identical with the conventional tillage mode with later stage stalk and grain harvest.
The output contrast of two all method for planting sees Table 1.
The output of table 1 liang all method for planting and tree characteristics contrast
Output (kg/ha) Thousand kernel weight (g) Spike length (cm) Fringe thick (cm)
Ridge platform plantation 6147 234.6 20.92 4.4
The furrow plantation 6661 237.3 21.19 5.1

Claims (4)

1. tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn, its feature comprises: put in order ground (1) autumn: after autumn harvest finishes, before annual October 20 is extremely freeze-up, adopt farm tractor to hang stubble cleaner and implement stubble-cleaning, three-share mounted plough breaks former ridge platform and beats the ridge then, control ridge height is 18-20cm, uses packer suppression ridge platform at last; (2) furrow sowing in spring: sowing before and after the May 1 in every year, use the farm tractor front-axle beam to hang plough, left wing is fertilizer applicator fixedly, right flank is dibbler fixedly, trailer loads the drought resisting tube, and " V " type covering device in tow behind the trailer is driven tractor and advanced on the platform of ridge, regulate the plough height, in furrow, open the 8-10cm shallow ridges; Regulate fertilizer applicator, make the uniform broadcasting of phosphoric acid diamino in ditch, control fertilizing amount flow velocity makes its fertilizing amount reach 230-250 kilogram/hectare; Regulate drought resisting tube water valve, sit water in shallow ridges, it is 40-45 ton/hectare that the water yield is sat in control; Dibbling in the shallow ridges of process fertilising and seat water then, every hole dibbling amount is the 2-4 grain, and the hole spacing is about 40cm, and uses " V " covering device earthing, and thickness of earth covering is 4-6cm; (3) intertillage management: manually execute urea between plant in the typhon mouth phase, fertilizing amount is 230-250 kilogram/hectare, uses the operation of tractor three-share mounted plough, break former ridge platform, controlling the new operation furrow degree of depth is 18-20cm, makes former furrow through after the operation, becomes the ridge platform; (4) early stage, seedling management, whole growth phase weeds management, later stage stalk were identical with the conventional tillage mode with grain harvest.
2. a kind of tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn as claimed in claim 1, its feature comprises: as in the plot that does not have shelter forest, whole ground of autumn is stubble-cleaning not, toothing 10-15cm, dark time furrow, control ridge height is 18-20cm.
3. a kind of tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn as claimed in claim 1, its feature comprises: if a precipitation process reaches 10m before and after May 1, sowing at once can be sat water.
4. a kind of tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn as claimed in claim 1, its feature comprises: if happen much wind weather in sowing time, and precipitation is few, and can suitably postpone sowing date is on May-20 on the 10th.
CNB2006100166303A 2006-03-02 2006-03-02 Tillage method for drought-resistant and fertilizer-containing corn Expired - Fee Related CN100394835C (en)

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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102577797A (en) * 2012-02-17 2012-07-18 河南省农业科学院 Method for identifying drought resistance of maize
CN102726198A (en) * 2012-07-02 2012-10-17 东北农业大学 Sub-soiling tillage at different times
CN102893790A (en) * 2012-10-19 2013-01-30 西乡县煜鸣生物科技有限责任公司 Method for interplanting corns in bighead atractylodes rhizomes in semi-humid and semiarid northern area
CN103583180A (en) * 2013-10-17 2014-02-19 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 Drought resistant cultivation method for corn
CN103733866A (en) * 2014-01-16 2014-04-23 安徽科技学院 Method for sowing corn by pressing with water
CN103999660A (en) * 2014-05-05 2014-08-27 郎溪县十字镇林华粮食种植家庭农场 Planting technology of maize with high anti-disaster capacity
CN104272958A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-01-14 霍艺元 Corn planting method
CN104396557A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-11 狄正兴 Pumpkin stubble based corn planting earthing drought-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method
CN104429573A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corn on spring watermelon crop
CN104429571A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, draught-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for autumn planting fresh food corn
CN104429567A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Soil covering, drought resisting and seedling conserving tillage method for tomato crop corn planting
CN104472196A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-01 狄正兴 Soil-covering drought-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for planting corn in wax gourd stubbles
CN104472194A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-01 狄正兴 Soil-covering drought-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for planting corn in spring cucumber stubbles
CN104488527A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-08 狄正兴 Earth-covering drought-resisting seedling-protection farming method for planting soybeans after crop of spring corn stubbles
CN104521512A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-22 狄正兴 Soil covering, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corns among spring bean stubble
CN104521510A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-22 狄正兴 Soil covering drought resisting and seedling protecting cultivating method for melon stubble corn cultivation
CN104521511A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-22 狄正兴 Soil covering drought resisting and seedling protecting cultivating method for watermelon stubble corn cultivation
CN104521509A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-22 狄正兴 Soil covering, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corns among spring bean stubble
CN105794471A (en) * 2016-04-06 2016-07-27 十堰市农业生态环境保护站 Method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss of sloping field by intercropping corn and angelica dahurica
CN107223449A (en) * 2017-07-27 2017-10-03 冷秀财 A kind of corn planting method of high yield
CN107306639A (en) * 2017-07-27 2017-11-03 冷秀财 A kind of corn planting method resistant to lodging
CN107318423A (en) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-07 冷秀财 A kind of corn planting method resistant to lodging
CN107318422A (en) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-07 冷秀财 A kind of corn planting method
CN107318424A (en) * 2017-07-17 2017-11-07 冷秀财 A kind of corn planting method of high yield
CN110226474A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-09-13 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心 A kind of water-saving spy moisture in the soil type of seeding of corn
CN111758513A (en) * 2020-08-04 2020-10-13 塔里木大学 Corn planting method

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CN100333635C (en) * 2005-03-16 2007-08-29 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Method for cultivating spring corn in hilly region

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CN102577797A (en) * 2012-02-17 2012-07-18 河南省农业科学院 Method for identifying drought resistance of maize
CN102726198A (en) * 2012-07-02 2012-10-17 东北农业大学 Sub-soiling tillage at different times
CN102893790A (en) * 2012-10-19 2013-01-30 西乡县煜鸣生物科技有限责任公司 Method for interplanting corns in bighead atractylodes rhizomes in semi-humid and semiarid northern area
CN103583180A (en) * 2013-10-17 2014-02-19 固镇县淮鸿灰天鹅养殖专业合作社 Drought resistant cultivation method for corn
CN103733866A (en) * 2014-01-16 2014-04-23 安徽科技学院 Method for sowing corn by pressing with water
CN103999660A (en) * 2014-05-05 2014-08-27 郎溪县十字镇林华粮食种植家庭农场 Planting technology of maize with high anti-disaster capacity
CN104272958A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-01-14 霍艺元 Corn planting method
CN104272958B (en) * 2014-10-23 2016-05-25 霍艺元 A kind of corn planting method
CN104521512A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-22 狄正兴 Soil covering, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corns among spring bean stubble
CN104521509A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-22 狄正兴 Soil covering, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corns among spring bean stubble
CN104429567A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Soil covering, drought resisting and seedling conserving tillage method for tomato crop corn planting
CN104472196A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-01 狄正兴 Soil-covering drought-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for planting corn in wax gourd stubbles
CN104472194A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-01 狄正兴 Soil-covering drought-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for planting corn in spring cucumber stubbles
CN104488527A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-08 狄正兴 Earth-covering drought-resisting seedling-protection farming method for planting soybeans after crop of spring corn stubbles
CN104429573A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, drought resisting and seedling conserving cultivation method for planting corn on spring watermelon crop
CN104521510A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-22 狄正兴 Soil covering drought resisting and seedling protecting cultivating method for melon stubble corn cultivation
CN104521511A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-22 狄正兴 Soil covering drought resisting and seedling protecting cultivating method for watermelon stubble corn cultivation
CN104429571A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-25 狄正兴 Earthing, draught-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for autumn planting fresh food corn
CN104396557A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-03-11 狄正兴 Pumpkin stubble based corn planting earthing drought-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method
CN105794471A (en) * 2016-04-06 2016-07-27 十堰市农业生态环境保护站 Method for preventing and controlling water and soil loss of sloping field by intercropping corn and angelica dahurica
CN105794471B (en) * 2016-04-06 2018-08-24 十堰市农业生态环境保护站 A method of Topographic factor is prevented by maize intercropping and the root of Dahurain angelica
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CN107223449A (en) * 2017-07-27 2017-10-03 冷秀财 A kind of corn planting method of high yield
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CN111758513A (en) * 2020-08-04 2020-10-13 塔里木大学 Corn planting method

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