CN111758513A - Corn planting method - Google Patents
Corn planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758513A CN111758513A CN202010773577.1A CN202010773577A CN111758513A CN 111758513 A CN111758513 A CN 111758513A CN 202010773577 A CN202010773577 A CN 202010773577A CN 111758513 A CN111758513 A CN 111758513A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a corn planting method, which comprises the following steps: step one, applying base fertilizer and preparing soil, step two, selecting corn seeds and performing coating treatment; step three, punching and sowing, placing 3 corn seeds in each hole, and after the seeds germinate, reseeding 2-3 corn seeds in the non-germinated holes; after the corn seeds germinate, spraying insecticide and bactericide, screening the corn seedlings when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, applying a compound fertilizer to the corn seedlings by using a ditching machine and ditching 4-6 days after screening the corn seedlings, covering soil with the compound fertilizer, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying an amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the grouting period of the corn, and spraying insecticide 6-8 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer; and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe. The corn planting method has the advantages of high seed germination rate, reduction of corn morbidity, improvement of fertilizer utilization rate, prevention of fertilizer loss and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn planting, and particularly relates to a corn planting method.
Background
Corn is one of the most important crops in the world, accounts for 20% of the grain yield, and the corn seeding area in China is stabilized at 3 hundred million mu and is the second place in the world. The corn is ranked the second in the crop production in China, the planting area is second to that of rice, the planting area is continuously increased in recent years, and the demand of corn seeds is increased year by year. The seed used for planting is partially reserved from home for planting in the last year or is directly purchased from the market, whether the seed is reserved for planting by farmers in the last year or is directly purchased from the market, the germination rate is low, the seedling after germination is not robust enough, and in the corn planting process in the prior art, the whole land is generally fertilized to cause the waste of the fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a corn planting method comprising:
uniformly applying base fertilizer on the land surface of a corn planting land, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 500-600 kg/mu, and then using a deep ploughing machine to complete the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm;
selecting corn seeds, putting the corn seeds into an ultrasonic seed treatment machine for ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic treatment temperature is 24-28 ℃, the ultrasonic treatment time is 15-20 minutes, and coating the seeds after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
thirdly, punching and sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 55-65 cm, the distance between adjacent holes is 25-30 cm, the sowing depth is 4-6 cm, 3 corn seeds are placed in each hole, soil loosening is covered on the holes, and after the seeds germinate, 2-3 corn seeds are replanted in the holes which do not germinate, and the sowing depth is 4-6 cm;
step four, spraying insecticide and bactericide after the corn seeds germinate, screening the corn seedlings when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, namely removing the corn seedlings with the weakest growth vigor when the corn seedlings in the holes are larger than three, keeping the corn seedlings at two, keeping the corn seedlings at one or two in the holes, not screening the corn seedlings, and watering the corn seedlings 4-6 days after screening the corn seedlings by using a ditching machine, applying a compound fertilizer to the corn seedlings and ditching, covering soil with the compound fertilizer, applying 25-30 kg of the compound fertilizer per mu, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the grouting period of the corn, spraying 50ml of aqueous mixture of the amino acid foliar fertilizer and 15-30 kg of aqueous mixture per mu, and spraying the insecticide 6-8 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer;
and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the first step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280-300 parts of fermented biogas residues, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 6-8 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12-15 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 10-15 parts of diatomite, 6-10 parts of a water-retaining agent, 4-6 parts of rooting powder and 3-5 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, and uniformly stirring to obtain the base fertilizer.
Preferably, the coating treatment of the seeds comprises the following steps: after screening out corn seeds with high quality by a fan, putting the corn seeds into a constant-temperature ultrasonic seed treatment machine, after the treatment is finished, putting the seeds into a coating agent for soaking for 20-25 minutes, stirring for three times in the soaking process, and drying in the air after the coating is finished;
wherein, the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of matrine, 1-3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 2-5 parts of pyrisoxazole, 6-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 6-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of a microbial agent, 35-40 parts of purified water and 1-2 parts of pigment.
Preferably, the weeding process in the fourth step is as follows: when the corn is in the seedling stage, weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode, so that damage to the corn seedlings caused by using a herbicide is avoided; after the corn plants grow strongly, spraying herbicide by a sprayer, and avoiding directly spraying the herbicide on corn stalks and corn leaf surfaces in the spraying process, wherein the herbicide is 5% of mesotrione and 20% of atrazine, and a mixed solution of 5% of mesotrione and 20% of atrazine and water is sprayed per mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 200ml of 5% of mesotrione and 20% of atrazine and 25-30 kg of aqueous solution.
Preferably, the pesticide is 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, the bactericide is 25% pyraclostrobin, and a mixed solution of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 25% pyraclostrobin and water is sprayed on each mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 30-40 ml of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 40-50 ml of 25% pyraclostrobin and 25-30 kg of aqueous solution.
Preferably, the ditcher includes:
the device comprises a supporting plate, wherein the two end parts of the supporting plate are provided with height-adjustable rollers, a rotary tillage mechanism and an earthing mechanism are sequentially arranged on the lower end surface of the supporting plate, a gear cover is arranged on the outer side of the rotary tillage mechanism, the upper end surface of the supporting plate is provided with a shock pad, a diesel engine, a speed reducer and a fertilizer releasing mechanism are sequentially arranged on the shock pad, a storage cavity for storing compound fertilizers is formed in the lower end surface of the supporting plate, a belt pulley is fixedly connected onto an output shaft of the diesel engine and is connected with the rotary tillage mechanism through a first belt, the belt pulley is also connected with the speed reducer through a second belt, the speed reducer is connected with the fertilizer releasing mechanism through a third belt, a conduit is arranged on the storage cavity and is contacted with the fertilizer releasing mechanism, the conduit comprises a rubber hose connected with the storage cavity and a corrugated pipe connected with, the diesel engine, the speed reducer and the fertilizer releasing mechanism are further provided with a protective shell, and the protective shell is provided with heat dissipation holes.
Preferably, the gyro wheel includes first gyro wheel and second gyro wheel, the welding has first support column on the first gyro wheel, the locating hole has been seted up on the first support column, the welding has the second support column on the second gyro wheel, the second support column is outer to be equipped with a support section of thick bamboo through the rotatable cover of bearing, be provided with the locating hole on the support section of thick bamboo, be connected with the steering column on the second support column, the symmetry is provided with the handle on the steering column, the altitude mixture control mode of first gyro wheel and second gyro wheel does: the fixed welding in backup pad both ends has first sleeve and the second sleeve of taking the locating hole, the first support post of first gyro wheel is located first sleeve, and can pass the locating hole reciprocal anchorage through the screw, the support section of thick bamboo of second gyro wheel is located the second sleeve, and can pass the locating hole reciprocal anchorage through the screw.
Preferably, rotary tillage mechanism includes "L" type support column, and its tip fixed welding is at the lower terminal surface of backup pad, there is the cutter head of ploughing through bearing rotatable coupling on "L" type support column, the fixed tooth of ploughing that is provided with on the cutter head of ploughing, be provided with the belt pulley on the cutter head of ploughing, the belt pulley is through first belt and the epaxial belt pulley connection of diesel engine output.
Preferably, earthing mechanism includes two mutual symmetry welded deflectors, is provided with the strengthening rib between two deflectors, through screw fixedly connected with connecting rod on the strengthening rib, the lower terminal surface fixed welding of connecting rod tip and backup pad, the top of deflector rear end is outstanding arcwall face, the slope welding has the guide vane on the deflector, guide vane one end is located the bottom of deflector front end, the guide vane other end is located the bottom of arcwall face, the deflector top still is provided with the separation blade.
Preferably, the fertilizer releasing mechanism comprises: fixed welding is the first dead lever on the shock pad, and rotatable coupling has the cam on it, the cam passes through third belt and retarder connection, and the dwang, it is on the shock pad through round pin axle rotatable coupling, the dwang top is passed through the spring and is connected with first dead lever, be connected with the bearing on the dwang, bearing and cam contact each other, the end connection of dwang one end has the extrusion piece, be provided with the kicking block on the relative position of extrusion piece, flexible rubber hose is located between extrusion piece and the kicking block.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. screening, the capsule is handled to the seed, guarantees the quality of seed, promotes the germination percentage of seed to through applying the base fertilizer before the soil preparation, and through ploughing machine deeply with base fertilizer flip to the below ground, carrying out the maize and planting, guarantee the maize after sprouting, after drawing the nutrient of playing seed self, maize root system can absorb the required nutrient substance of growth from the soil, promotes the root system growth, strengthens the survival rate of self, and reduces the prevalence of maize.
2. In the growth process of maize, the overground stem node that is located on the land surface can grow out the festival root, the festival root can grow downwards and insert and draw the nutrient in the soil, therefore, insert the earlier stage in the soil at the festival root, it is other at maize seedling to have fertilized to apply, and utilize ditching machine earthing to cover fertilizer, avoid fertilizer to run off, make things convenient for maize seedling to absorb, be favorable to improving the utilization ratio of fertilizer, and simultaneously, the ditch that forms through the ditching machine can be convenient for arrange water in rainy season, avoid ponding to cause maize to subtract the output, can guarantee the output of maize, and can reduce the frequency that the planting personnel stooped.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front-to-back comparison of the use of a trencher as provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first roller structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the fertilizer application mechanism provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a soil covering mechanism provided by the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the device provided by the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
The corn planting method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
uniformly applying base fertilizer on the land surface of a corn planting land, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 500-600 kg/mu, and then using a deep ploughing machine to complete the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm;
selecting corn seeds, putting the corn seeds into an ultrasonic seed treatment machine for ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic treatment temperature is 24-28 ℃, the ultrasonic treatment time is 15-20 minutes, and coating the seeds after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
thirdly, punching and sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 55-65 cm, the distance between adjacent holes is 25-30 cm, the sowing depth is 4-6 cm, 3 corn seeds are placed in each hole, soil loosening is covered on the holes, and after the seeds germinate, 2-3 corn seeds are replanted in the holes which do not germinate, and the sowing depth is 4-6 cm;
step four, spraying insecticide and bactericide after the corn seeds germinate, when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, screening the corn seedlings, namely the corn seedlings in the holes are larger than three, pulling out the corn seedlings with the weakest growth vigor to keep the corn seedlings in two, wherein the corn seedlings in the holes are one or two, the corn seedlings are not screened, 4-6 days after screening the corn seedlings, applying a compound fertilizer to the corn seedlings by using a ditching machine and ditching, covering soil with the compound fertilizer, as shown in figure 1, applying 25-30 kg of the compound fertilizer per mu, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the grouting period of the corn, spraying 50ml of the amino acid foliar fertilizer and 15-30 kg of water mixed solution per mu, and spraying the amount of the foliar fertilizer to spray the insecticide 6-8 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer;
and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe.
In the technical scheme, the base fertilizer in the first step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280-300 parts of fermented biogas residues, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 6-8 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12-15 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 10-15 parts of diatomite, 6-10 parts of a water-retaining agent, 4-6 parts of rooting powder and 3-5 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, and uniformly stirring to obtain the base fertilizer.
In the above technical solution, the coating treatment of the seeds comprises the following steps: after screening out corn seeds with high quality by a fan, putting the corn seeds into a constant-temperature ultrasonic seed treatment machine, after the treatment is finished, putting the seeds into a coating agent for soaking for 20-25 minutes, stirring for three times in the soaking process, and drying in the air after the coating is finished;
wherein, the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of matrine, 1-3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 2-5 parts of pyrisoxazole, 6-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 6-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of a microbial agent, 35-40 parts of purified water and 1-2 parts of pigment.
In the technical scheme, the weeding process in the fourth step is as follows: when the corn is in the seedling stage, weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode, so that damage to the corn seedlings caused by using a herbicide is avoided; after the corn plants grow strongly, spraying herbicide by a sprayer, and avoiding directly spraying the herbicide on corn stalks and corn leaf surfaces in the spraying process, wherein the herbicide is 5% of mesotrione and 20% of atrazine, and a mixed solution of 5% of mesotrione and 20% of atrazine and water is sprayed per mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 200ml of 5% of mesotrione and 20% of atrazine and 25-30 kg of aqueous solution.
In the technical scheme, the pesticide is 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, the bactericide is 25% pyraclostrobin, and a mixed solution of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 25% pyraclostrobin and water is sprayed on each mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 30-40 ml of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 40-50 ml of 25% pyraclostrobin and 25-30 kg of aqueous solution.
In the above technical solution, as shown in fig. 2 to 7, the ditcher includes:
the utility model discloses a fertilizer applying machine, including backup pad 1, its both ends are provided with height-adjustable's gyro wheel 2, set gradually rotary tillage mechanism 3 and earthing mechanism 4 on the terminal surface under backup pad 1, the rotary tillage mechanism 3 outside is provided with shelves cover 5, backup pad 1 up end is provided with shock pad 11, set gradually diesel engine 6 on shock pad 11, reduction gear 7, put fertile mechanism 8, be used for storing compound fertilizer's storage chamber 9, fixedly connected with belt pulley 61 on the diesel engine 6 output shaft, belt pulley 61 is connected with rotary tillage mechanism 3 through first belt 611, belt pulley 61 still is connected with reduction gear 7 through second belt 612, reduction gear 7 is connected with putting fertile mechanism 8 through third belt 71, be provided with pipe 91 on the storage chamber 9, pipe 91 contacts with putting fertile mechanism 8, pipe 91 includes rubber tube 911 and the bellows 912 that is connected with rubber tube 911 and rubber tube 911 are connected with storage chamber 9, the shock pad 11 comprises a rubber pad 111 fixedly connected with the support plate 1 and a fixed iron plate 112 positioned on the upper end surface of the rubber pad 111, the diesel engine 6, the speed reducer 7 and the fertilizer release mechanism 8 are further provided with a protective shell 12, and the protective shell 12 is provided with a heat dissipation hole 121.
The working principle is as follows: when fertilizing and ditching are needed, the ditching machine is pushed to a preset position, compound fertilizer is poured into the storage cavity, the rotary tillage mechanism is enabled to be in contact with the soil surface by adjusting the height of the roller, the diesel engine is started to work, the diesel engine drives the belt pulley to rotate when working, the rotary tillage mechanism is enabled to rotate under the driving of the first belt, the rotary tillage mechanism rotates to dig loose the soil surface and generate forward thrust, meanwhile, the ditching machine moves forwards under the cooperation of manpower, the diesel engine drives the second belt to rotate to work the speed reducer, the third belt on the speed reducer drives the fertilizer-releasing mechanism to work to intermittently release the fertilizer, the compound fertilizer is released beside the corn seedlings through the guide pipe, soil loosened by the rotary tillage digging mechanism is extruded in the process that the soil covering device moves forwards along with the ditching machine, and soil moves above the soil surface along with the soil covering mechanism, the fertilizer is covered, the volatilization of the compound fertilizer is reduced, and the nutrients in the compound fertilizer can be better absorbed after the corn is inserted into the roots. The shock pad arranged in the fertilizer feeding device can reduce the vibration of the diesel engine, the speed reducer and the fertilizer feeding mechanism, and has a protection effect on the device; the shelves that set up cover for the arc, can cover rotary tillage mechanism, avoid loosening the soil in-process earth to splash, and the protecting sheathing of setting can cover the diesel engine, the reduction gear, and fertile mechanism is put to the reduction gear, avoids the pollution of dust, and the louvre can give off the heat that the diesel engine during operation produced, sets up the pipe into rubber hose and bellows, and the convenience is at the fertilization in-process, through the shape that changes the bellows, realizes more accurate fertilization.
In the above technical scheme, the roller 2 includes a first roller 21 and a second roller 22, a first support column 211 is welded on the first roller 21, a positioning hole 201 is formed in the first support column 211, a second support column 221 is welded on the second roller 22, a support cylinder 222 is sleeved outside the second support column 221 through a bearing in a rotatable manner, a positioning hole (not shown) is formed in the support cylinder, a steering rod 23 is connected on the second support column 221, handles 231 are symmetrically arranged on the steering rod 23, and the height adjusting mode of the first roller 21 and the second roller 22 is as follows: the two ends of the supporting plate 1 are fixedly welded with a first sleeve 13 and a second sleeve 14 with positioning holes, the first supporting column 211 of the first roller 21 is located in the first sleeve 13 and can penetrate through the positioning holes 201 through screws 131 to be fixed to each other, and the supporting cylinder 222 of the second roller 22 is located in the second sleeve 14 and can penetrate through the positioning holes through screws to be fixed to each other. By adopting the mode, the height of the roller is set to be adjustable, so that the height of the device and the ground can be conveniently increased when the roller moves on a road, and the rotary tillage mechanism and the soil covering mechanism are prevented from contacting the ground to cause damage; and through the steering column that sets up on the second support column, realize the turning of device, the convenient angle of advancing of in time adjusting.
In the above technical scheme, rotary tillage mechanism 3 includes "L" type support column 31, and its tip fixed welding is at the lower terminal surface of backup pad 1, there is arable land blade disc 32 through bearing rotatable coupling on "L" type support column 31, the fixed tooth 321 of ploughing that is provided with on the blade disc 32 of ploughing, be provided with the belt pulley on the blade disc 32 of ploughing, the belt pulley is through first belt 611 and the epaxial belt pulley connection of diesel engine 6 output. Adopt this kind of mode, support rotary tillage mechanism through "L" type support column, can provide better holding power, and make things convenient for rotary tillage mechanism to be connected with first belt.
In the above technical scheme, earthing mechanism 4 includes two mutual symmetry welded deflectors 41, is provided with strengthening rib 401 between two deflectors 41, through screw (not shown) fixedly connected with connecting rod 402 on the strengthening rib 401, the lower terminal surface fixed welding of connecting rod 402 tip and backup pad 1, the top of deflector 41 rear end is outstanding arcwall face 411, slope welding has a guide plate 412 on deflector 41, guide plate 412 one end is located the bottom of deflector 41 front end, the guide plate 412 other end is located the bottom of arcwall face 411, deflector 41 top still is provided with separation blade 413. Adopt this kind of mode, the earthing mechanism of setting is used for transporting the earth of rotary tillage mechanism scarification to more than the soil face, therefore, will adopt two mutual symmetry welded deflectors, and set up the strengthening rib between two deflectors, strengthen the deflector and get structural strength, and simultaneously, slope welding direction piece on the deflector, make the direction piece that the slope set up raise earth, behind the arcwall face, by carrying on the soil face, the separation blade of setting on the deflector top can avoid the earth to be raised the back, roll down from the deflector, guarantee the efficiency of earthing mechanism, promote the effect of earthing.
In the above technical solution, the fertilizer applying mechanism 8 includes: a first fixing rod 81 fixedly welded to the cushion 11, to which a cam 811 is rotatably coupled, the cam 811 being coupled to the reducer 7 through a third belt 71; dwang 82, it is through round pin axle (not shown) rotatable coupling on shock pad 11, the dwang 82 top is connected with first dead lever 81 through spring 801, be connected with bearing 821 on the dwang 82, bearing 821 and cam 811 contact each other, the end connection of dwang 82 one end has extrusion piece 822, be provided with kicking block 83 on the relative position of extrusion piece 822, rubber hose 911 is located between extrusion piece 822 and the kicking block 83. In this way, the top block is fixed on the shock pad, the fertilizer placing mechanism synchronously works in the process of the movement of the rotary tillage mechanism, after the speed reducer decelerates, the power is transmitted to the cam through the third belt, so that the cam rotates, in addition, the pulling force of the spring on the rotating rod enables the bearing to be closely contacted with the cam, and the bearing rotates along with the cam, in the process of the rotation of the cam, the convex surface of the cam extrudes the rotating rod towards the direction close to the top block, so that the extrusion block is close to the top block, thereby extruding the rubber hose between the extrusion block and the top block, enabling the rubber hose to be closed, blocking the flow path of the compound fertilizer, when the cam continuously rotates, and the concave surface is contacted with the bearing, under the action of the pulling force of the spring, the extrusion block moves along with the rotating rod and is far away from the top block, thereby opening the movement path of the compound fertilizer, can flow out of the rubber hose, drop on the soil surface after passing through the corrugated pipe, and be covered by soil turned up by the soil covering mechanism, thereby ensuring that the compound fertilizer cannot be evaporated and lost.
Example 1:
the corn planting method comprises the following steps:
step one, uniformly applying base fertilizer on the land surface of a corn planting field, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 500 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280 parts of fermented biogas residues, 15 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 10 parts of diatomite, 6 parts of water-retaining agent, 4 parts of rooting powder and 3 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, uniformly stirring to obtain a base fertilizer, and then preparing the land by using a deep ploughing machine, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm;
selecting corn seeds, screening out the corn seeds with higher quality by a fan, putting the corn seeds into an ultrasonic seed treatment machine for ultrasonic treatment at the temperature of 24 ℃ for 15 minutes, coating the seeds after the treatment is finished, putting the seeds into a coating agent for soaking for 20 minutes, stirring for three times in the soaking process, and air-drying after the coating is finished;
wherein, the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of matrine, 1 part of indoleacetic acid, 2 parts of pyrisoxazole, 6 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of boric acid, 3 parts of microbial agent, 35 parts of purified water and 1 part of pigment;
step three, punching and sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 55cm, the distance between adjacent holes is 25cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, 3 corn seeds are placed in each hole, soil is covered on the holes, after the seeds germinate, 2-3 corn seeds are reseeded in the holes which do not germinate, and the sowing depth is 4 cm;
step four, spraying insecticide and bactericide after the corn seeds germinate, screening the corn seedlings when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, namely, removing the corn seedlings with the weakest growth vigor when the corn seedlings in the holes are larger than three, keeping the corn seedlings at two, keeping the corn seedlings in one or two in the holes, not screening the corn seedlings, using a ditcher to apply compound fertilizer to the corn seedlings and ditch the corn seedlings 4 days after screening the corn seedlings, covering soil with the compound fertilizer, applying 25kg of compound fertilizer per mu, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the filling period of the corn, spraying 50ml of amino acid foliar fertilizer and 15kg of water mixed solution per mu, spraying the insecticide 6 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer, and weeding the following steps: when the corn is in the seedling stage, weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode, so that damage to the corn seedlings caused by using a herbicide is avoided; after the corn plants grow strongly, spraying a herbicide by a sprayer, and avoiding directly spraying the herbicide on corn stalks and corn leaf surfaces in the spraying process, wherein the herbicide is 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine, and a mixed solution of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and water is sprayed on each mu, the mixed solution comprises 200ml of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and 25kg of aqueous solution, the pesticide is 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, the bactericide is 25% pyraclostrobin, and a mixed solution of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 25% pyraclostrobin and water is sprayed on each mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 30ml of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 40ml of 25% pyraclostrobin and 25kg of aqueous solution;
and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe.
Example 2:
the corn planting method comprises the following steps:
step one, uniformly applying base fertilizer on the land surface of a corn planting field, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 550 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 290 parts of fermented biogas residues, 18 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 14 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 13 parts of diatomite, 8 parts of water-retaining agent, 5 parts of rooting powder and 4 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, uniformly stirring to obtain a base fertilizer, and then preparing the land by using a deep ploughing machine, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm;
selecting corn seeds, screening out the corn seeds with higher quality by a fan, putting the corn seeds into an ultrasonic seed treatment machine for ultrasonic treatment at the temperature of 26 ℃ for 18 minutes, coating the seeds after the treatment is finished, putting the seeds into a coating agent for soaking for 23 minutes, stirring for three times in the soaking process, and air-drying after the coating is finished;
wherein, the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of matrine, 2 parts of indoleacetic acid, 4 parts of pyrisoxazole, 7 parts of zinc sulfate, 7 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of microbial agent, 37 parts of purified water and 1 part of pigment;
step three, punching and sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 60cm, the distance between adjacent holes is 27cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, 3 corn seeds are placed in each hole, soil is covered on the holes, after the seeds germinate, 2-3 corn seeds are reseeded in the holes which do not germinate, and the sowing depth is 5 cm;
step four, spraying insecticide and bactericide after the corn seeds germinate, screening the corn seedlings when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, namely, removing the corn seedlings with the weakest growth vigor when the corn seedlings in the holes are larger than three, keeping the corn seedlings at two, keeping the corn seedlings in one or two in the holes, not screening the corn seedlings, using a ditcher to apply compound fertilizer to the corn seedlings and ditch the corn seedlings 5 days after screening the corn seedlings, covering soil with the compound fertilizer, applying 28kg of compound fertilizer per mu, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the filling period of the corn, spraying 50ml of amino acid foliar fertilizer and 22kg of water mixed solution per mu, spraying the insecticide 7 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer, and weeding: when the corn is in the seedling stage, weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode, so that damage to the corn seedlings caused by using a herbicide is avoided; after the corn plants grow strongly, spraying a herbicide by a sprayer, and avoiding directly spraying the herbicide on corn stalks and corn leaf surfaces in the spraying process, wherein the herbicide is 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine, and a mixed solution of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and water is sprayed on each mu, the mixed solution comprises 200ml of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and 28kg of aqueous solution, the pesticide is 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, the bactericide is 25% pyraclostrobin, and a mixed solution of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 25% pyraclostrobin and water is sprayed on each mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 35ml of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 45ml of 25% pyraclostrobin and 28kg of aqueous solution;
and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe.
Example 3:
the corn planting method comprises the following steps:
step one, uniformly applying base fertilizer on the land surface of a corn planting field, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 600 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of fermented biogas residues, 20 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 15 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 15 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of water-retaining agent, 6 parts of rooting powder and 5 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, uniformly stirring to obtain a base fertilizer, and then preparing the land by using a deep ploughing machine, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm;
selecting corn seeds, screening out the corn seeds with higher quality by a fan, putting the corn seeds into an ultrasonic seed treatment machine for ultrasonic treatment at the temperature of 28 ℃ for 20 minutes, coating the seeds after the treatment is finished, putting the seeds into a coating agent for soaking for 25 minutes, stirring for three times in the soaking process, and air-drying after the coating is finished;
wherein, the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of matrine, 3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 5 parts of pyrisoxazole, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 8 parts of boric acid, 5 parts of microbial agent, 40 parts of purified water and 2 parts of pigment;
step three, punching and sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 65cm, the distance between adjacent holes is 30cm, the sowing depth is 6cm, 3 corn seeds are placed in each hole, soil is covered on the holes, after the seeds germinate, 2-3 corn seeds are reseeded in the holes which do not germinate, and the sowing depth is 6 cm;
step four, spraying insecticide and bactericide after the corn seeds germinate, screening the corn seedlings when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, namely, removing the corn seedlings with the weakest growth vigor when the corn seedlings in the holes are larger than three, keeping the corn seedlings at two, keeping the corn seedlings in one or two, not screening the corn seedlings, 4-6 days after screening the corn seedlings, applying a compound fertilizer to the corn seedlings by using a ditching machine, ditching, covering soil with the compound fertilizer, applying 30kg of the compound fertilizer per mu, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying an amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the grouting period of the corn, spraying a mixed solution of 50ml of the amino acid foliar fertilizer and 30kg of water per mu, spraying the insecticide 6-8 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer, and weeding: when the corn is in the seedling stage, weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode, so that damage to the corn seedlings caused by using a herbicide is avoided; after the corn plants grow strongly, spraying a herbicide by a sprayer, and avoiding directly spraying the herbicide on corn stalks and corn leaf surfaces in the spraying process, wherein the herbicide is 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine, and a mixed solution of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and water is sprayed on each mu, the mixed solution comprises 200ml of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and 30kg of aqueous solution, the pesticide is 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, the bactericide is 25% pyraclostrobin, and a mixed solution of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 25% pyraclostrobin and water is sprayed on each mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 40ml of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 50ml of 25% pyraclostrobin and 30kg of aqueous solution;
and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe.
Comparative example 1:
the corn planting method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing soil in a corn planting field by using a deep ploughing machine, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm;
selecting corn seeds, screening out the corn seeds with higher quality by a fan, putting the corn seeds into an ultrasonic seed treatment machine for ultrasonic treatment at the temperature of 24 ℃ for 15 minutes, coating the seeds after the treatment is finished, putting the seeds into a coating agent for soaking for 20 minutes, stirring for three times in the soaking process, and air-drying after the coating is finished;
wherein, the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of matrine, 1 part of indoleacetic acid, 2 parts of pyrisoxazole, 6 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of boric acid, 3 parts of microbial agent, 35 parts of purified water and 1 part of pigment;
step three, punching and sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 55cm, the distance between adjacent holes is 25cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, 3 corn seeds are placed in each hole, soil is covered on the holes, after the seeds germinate, 2-3 corn seeds are reseeded in the holes which do not germinate, and the sowing depth is 4 cm;
step four, spraying insecticide and bactericide after the corn seeds germinate, screening the corn seedlings when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, namely, removing the corn seedlings with the weakest growth vigor when the corn seedlings in the holes are larger than three, keeping the corn seedlings at two, keeping the corn seedlings in one or two in the holes, not screening the corn seedlings, using a ditcher to apply compound fertilizer to the corn seedlings and ditch the corn seedlings 4 days after screening the corn seedlings, covering soil with the compound fertilizer, applying 25kg of compound fertilizer per mu, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the filling period of the corn, spraying 50ml of amino acid foliar fertilizer and 15kg of water mixed solution per mu, spraying the insecticide 6 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer, and weeding the following steps: when the corn is in the seedling stage, weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode, so that damage to the corn seedlings caused by using a herbicide is avoided; after the corn plants grow strongly, spraying a herbicide by a sprayer, and avoiding directly spraying the herbicide on corn stalks and corn leaf surfaces in the spraying process, wherein the herbicide is 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine, and a mixed solution of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and water is sprayed on each mu, the mixed solution comprises 200ml of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and 25kg of aqueous solution, the pesticide is 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, the bactericide is 25% pyraclostrobin, and a mixed solution of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 25% pyraclostrobin and water is sprayed on each mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 30ml of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 40ml of 25% pyraclostrobin and 25kg of aqueous solution;
and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe.
Comparative example 2:
the corn planting method comprises the following steps:
step one, uniformly applying base fertilizer on the land surface of a corn planting field, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 500 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280 parts of fermented biogas residues, 15 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 10 parts of diatomite, 6 parts of water-retaining agent, 4 parts of rooting powder and 3 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, uniformly stirring to obtain a base fertilizer, and then preparing the land by using a deep ploughing machine, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm;
selecting corn seeds, screening out the corn seeds with higher quality by a fan, and putting the seeds into an ultrasonic seed treatment machine for ultrasonic treatment, wherein the temperature of the ultrasonic treatment is 24 ℃, and the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 15 minutes;
step three, punching and sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 55cm, the distance between adjacent holes is 25cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, 3 corn seeds are placed in each hole, soil is covered on the holes, after the seeds germinate, 2-3 corn seeds are reseeded in the holes which do not germinate, and the sowing depth is 4 cm;
step four, spraying insecticide and bactericide after the corn seeds germinate, screening the corn seedlings when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, namely, removing the corn seedlings with the weakest growth vigor when the corn seedlings in the holes are larger than three, keeping the corn seedlings at two, keeping the corn seedlings in one or two in the holes, not screening the corn seedlings, using a ditcher to apply compound fertilizer to the corn seedlings and ditch the corn seedlings 4 days after screening the corn seedlings, covering soil with the compound fertilizer, applying 25kg of compound fertilizer per mu, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the filling period of the corn, spraying 50ml of amino acid foliar fertilizer and 15kg of water mixed solution per mu, spraying the insecticide 6 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer, and weeding the following steps: when the corn is in the seedling stage, weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode, so that damage to the corn seedlings caused by using a herbicide is avoided; after the corn plants grow strongly, spraying a herbicide by a sprayer, and avoiding directly spraying the herbicide on corn stalks and corn leaf surfaces in the spraying process, wherein the herbicide is 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine, and a mixed solution of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and water is sprayed on each mu, the mixed solution comprises 200ml of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and 25kg of aqueous solution, the pesticide is 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, the bactericide is 25% pyraclostrobin, and a mixed solution of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 25% pyraclostrobin and water is sprayed on each mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 30ml of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 40ml of 25% pyraclostrobin and 25kg of aqueous solution;
and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe.
Comparative example 3:
the corn planting method comprises the following steps:
step one, uniformly applying base fertilizer on the land surface of a corn planting field, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 500 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280 parts of fermented biogas residues, 15 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 10 parts of diatomite, 6 parts of water-retaining agent, 4 parts of rooting powder and 3 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, uniformly stirring to obtain a base fertilizer, and then preparing the land by using a deep ploughing machine, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm;
selecting corn seeds, screening out the corn seeds with higher quality by a fan, putting the corn seeds into an ultrasonic seed treatment machine for ultrasonic treatment at the temperature of 24 ℃ for 15 minutes, coating the seeds after the treatment is finished, putting the seeds into a coating agent for soaking for 20 minutes, stirring for three times in the soaking process, and air-drying after the coating is finished;
wherein, the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of matrine, 1 part of indoleacetic acid, 2 parts of pyrisoxazole, 6 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of boric acid, 3 parts of microbial agent, 35 parts of purified water and 1 part of pigment;
step three, punching and sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 55cm, the distance between adjacent holes is 25cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, 3 corn seeds are placed in each hole, soil is covered on the holes, after the seeds germinate, 2-3 corn seeds are reseeded in the holes which do not germinate, and the sowing depth is 4 cm;
step four, spraying insecticide and bactericide after the corn seeds germinate, screening the corn seedlings when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, namely, removing the corn seedlings with the weakest growth vigor when the corn seedlings in the holes are larger than three, keeping the corn seedlings at two, keeping the corn seedlings in one or two in the holes, not screening the corn seedlings, fertilizing the surface of the land 4 days after screening the corn seedlings, applying 25kg of compound fertilizer per mu, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the filling period of the corn, spraying 50ml of amino acid foliar fertilizer and 15kg of water mixed solution per mu, spraying the amount of the foliar fertilizer to be 6 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer, and weeding, wherein the steps are as follows: when the corn is in the seedling stage, weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode, so that damage to the corn seedlings caused by using a herbicide is avoided; after the corn plants grow strongly, spraying a herbicide by a sprayer, and avoiding directly spraying the herbicide on corn stalks and corn leaf surfaces in the spraying process, wherein the herbicide is 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine, and a mixed solution of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and water is sprayed on each mu, the mixed solution comprises 200ml of 5% mesotrione + 20% atrazine and 25kg of aqueous solution, the pesticide is 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, the bactericide is 25% pyraclostrobin, and a mixed solution of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 25% pyraclostrobin and water is sprayed on each mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 30ml of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 40ml of 25% pyraclostrobin and 25kg of aqueous solution;
and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe.
During planting, the germination rate, incidence rate at each stage, of corn was recorded, and the corn was weighed after harvest to obtain the yield, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Percentage of germination (%) | Incidence (%) | Yield (kg/mu) | |
| Example 1 | 97.8 | 9.8 | 814 |
| Example 2 | 98.1 | 9.4 | 827 |
| Example 3 | 97.7 | 9.7 | 819 |
| Comparative example 1 | 97.4 | 9.6 | 784 |
| Comparative example 2 | 94.7 | 9.6 | 726 |
| Comparative example 3 | 97.8 | 10.7 | 709 |
Wherein the incidence rate is the sum of the insect disease rate and the plant disease rate of each growth period of the corn, and the sampling statistics is carried out when the statistics is carried out,
according to the data in table 1, it can be shown by example 1 and comparative example 1 that the germination rate of corn and the yield of corn can be improved by spraying base fertilizer before planting corn, and by example 1 and comparative example 2 that the germination rate of corn can be improved by coating corn seeds before planting corn; through embodiment 1 and comparative example 3, can conclude, when planting maize, exert compound fertilizer and ditching through the ditching machine, can reduce the morbidity of maize and promote maize output simultaneously.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of a corn planting method of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A corn planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly applying base fertilizer on the land surface of a corn planting land, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 500-600 kg/mu, and then using a deep ploughing machine to complete the land, wherein the ploughing depth is 25 cm;
selecting corn seeds, putting the corn seeds into an ultrasonic seed treatment machine for ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ultrasonic treatment temperature is 24-28 ℃, the ultrasonic treatment time is 15-20 minutes, and coating the seeds after the ultrasonic treatment is finished;
thirdly, punching and sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 55-65 cm, the distance between adjacent holes is 25-30 cm, the sowing depth is 4-6 cm, 3 corn seeds are placed in each hole, soil loosening is covered on the holes, and after the seeds germinate, 2-3 corn seeds are replanted in the holes which do not germinate, and the sowing depth is 4-6 cm;
step four, spraying insecticide and bactericide after the corn seeds germinate, screening the corn seedlings when the corn seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, namely removing the corn seedlings with the weakest growth vigor when the corn seedlings in the holes are larger than three, keeping the corn seedlings at two, keeping the corn seedlings at one or two in the holes, not screening the corn seedlings, and watering the corn seedlings 4-6 days after screening the corn seedlings by using a ditching machine, applying a compound fertilizer to the corn seedlings and ditching, covering soil with the compound fertilizer, applying 25-30 kg of the compound fertilizer per mu, watering the corn when the corn seedlings grow to 12-14 leaves, spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and watering in the grouting period of the corn, spraying 50ml of aqueous mixture of the amino acid foliar fertilizer and 15-30 kg of aqueous mixture per mu, and spraying the insecticide 6-8 days after spraying the foliar fertilizer;
and step five, harvesting the corns after the corns are ripe.
2. The corn planting method of claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in the first step comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280-300 parts of fermented biogas residues, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 6-8 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 12-15 parts of attapulgite clay powder, 10-15 parts of diatomite, 6-10 parts of a water-retaining agent, 4-6 parts of rooting powder and 3-5 parts of potassium indolebutyrate, and uniformly stirring to obtain the base fertilizer.
3. The corn planting method of claim 1, wherein the coating treatment of the seed comprises the steps of: after screening out corn seeds with high quality by a fan, putting the corn seeds into a constant-temperature ultrasonic seed treatment machine, after the treatment is finished, putting the seeds into a coating agent for soaking for 20-25 minutes, stirring for three times in the soaking process, and drying in the air after the coating is finished;
wherein, the coating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of matrine, 1-3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 2-5 parts of pyrisoxazole, 6-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 6-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of a microbial agent, 35-40 parts of purified water and 1-2 parts of pigment.
4. The corn planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weeding process in the fourth step is as follows: when the corn is in the seedling stage, weeding is carried out in an artificial weeding mode, so that damage to the corn seedlings caused by using a herbicide is avoided; after the corn plants grow strongly, spraying herbicide by a sprayer, and avoiding directly spraying the herbicide on corn stalks and corn leaf surfaces in the spraying process, wherein the herbicide is 5% of mesotrione and 20% of atrazine, and a mixed solution of 5% of mesotrione and 20% of atrazine and water is sprayed per mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 200ml of 5% of mesotrione and 20% of atrazine and 25-30 kg of aqueous solution.
5. The corn planting method according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide is 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, the bactericide is 25% pyraclostrobin, and a mixed solution of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 25% pyraclostrobin and water is sprayed on each mu, wherein the mixed solution comprises 30-40 ml of 0.5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 40-50 ml of 25% pyraclostrobin and 25-30 kg of water solution.
6. The corn planting method of claim 1, wherein the ditcher comprises:
the device comprises a supporting plate, wherein the two end parts of the supporting plate are provided with height-adjustable rollers, a rotary tillage mechanism and an earthing mechanism are sequentially arranged on the lower end surface of the supporting plate, a gear cover is arranged on the outer side of the rotary tillage mechanism, the upper end surface of the supporting plate is provided with a shock pad, a diesel engine, a speed reducer and a fertilizer releasing mechanism are sequentially arranged on the shock pad, a storage cavity for storing compound fertilizers is formed in the lower end surface of the supporting plate, a belt pulley is fixedly connected onto an output shaft of the diesel engine and is connected with the rotary tillage mechanism through a first belt, the belt pulley is also connected with the speed reducer through a second belt, the speed reducer is connected with the fertilizer releasing mechanism through a third belt, a conduit is arranged on the storage cavity and is contacted with the fertilizer releasing mechanism, the conduit comprises a rubber hose connected with the storage cavity and a corrugated pipe connected with, the diesel engine, the speed reducer and the fertilizer releasing mechanism are further provided with a protective shell, and the protective shell is provided with heat dissipation holes.
7. The corn planting method according to claim 6, wherein the rollers comprise a first roller and a second roller, the first roller is welded with a first support column, the first support column is provided with a positioning hole, the second roller is welded with a second support column, a support cylinder is rotatably sleeved outside the second support column through a bearing, the support cylinder is provided with a positioning hole, the second support column is connected with a steering rod, handles are symmetrically arranged on the steering rod, and the first roller and the second roller are adjusted in height in a manner that: the fixed welding in backup pad both ends has first sleeve and the second sleeve of taking the locating hole, the first support post of first gyro wheel is located first sleeve, and can pass the locating hole reciprocal anchorage through the screw, the support section of thick bamboo of second gyro wheel is located the second sleeve, and can pass the locating hole reciprocal anchorage through the screw.
8. The corn planting method according to claim 6, wherein the rotary tillage mechanism comprises an L-shaped support column, the end part of the L-shaped support column is fixedly welded on the lower end surface of the support plate, a tillage cutter head is rotatably connected to the L-shaped support column through a bearing, tillage teeth are fixedly arranged on the tillage cutter head, a belt pulley is arranged on the tillage cutter head, and the belt pulley is connected with a belt pulley on an output shaft of the diesel engine through a first belt.
9. The corn planting method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the soil covering mechanism comprises two guide plates symmetrically welded to each other, a reinforcing rib is arranged between the two guide plates, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the reinforcing rib through a screw, the end of the connecting rod is fixedly welded to the lower end face of the supporting plate, the top of the rear end of the guide plate is a protruding arc-shaped face, a guide piece is welded on the guide plate in an inclined mode, one end of the guide piece is located at the bottom of the front end of the guide plate, the other end of the guide piece is located at the bottom of the arc-shaped face, and a blocking piece is further arranged at the top end of the guide plate.
10. The corn planting method of claim 6, wherein the fertilizer placement mechanism comprises: fixed welding is the first dead lever on the shock pad, and rotatable coupling has the cam on it, the cam passes through third belt and retarder connection, and the dwang, it is on the shock pad through round pin axle rotatable coupling, the dwang top is passed through the spring and is connected with first dead lever, be connected with the bearing on the dwang, bearing and cam contact each other, the end connection of dwang one end has the extrusion piece, be provided with the kicking block on the relative position of extrusion piece, flexible rubber hose is located between extrusion piece and the kicking block.
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Cited By (1)
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