CN110367052A - A kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum Download PDFInfo
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- CN110367052A CN110367052A CN201910707657.4A CN201910707657A CN110367052A CN 110367052 A CN110367052 A CN 110367052A CN 201910707657 A CN201910707657 A CN 201910707657A CN 110367052 A CN110367052 A CN 110367052A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to wild chrysanthemum Cultivating techniques fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum.This method creatively directly broadcasts sowing mother chrysanthemum flower seed or drilling is in wetland Tanaka, wetland can guarantee that topsoil is wet for a long time, make seed easily absorb moisture and neutron absorption moisture sprout after kind root the problem of water shortage will not occur, the phenomenon that being dried up or thirst after seed water swelling is avoided, solves the problems, such as that germination water suction is difficult;If after planting earthing is covered in wetland, since mother chrysanthemum flower seed is smaller, mass of 1000 kernel is only 0.1g, and cotyledon is unearthed difficult;Can guarantee the drainage of wetland by the way that gutter is arranged in wetland, the problem of wild chrysanthemum is not in ponding dead seedling in growth, can normal growth, ensure that the survival rate of wild chrysanthemum.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wild chrysanthemum Cultivating techniques fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum.
Background technique
Wild chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemi Indici Flos) is compositae plant mother chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum
L. dry capitulum), picking when autumn, two season of winter spend just opening, is dried, or is dried after steaming, in China northeast, North China, China
In, south China and southwestern various regions are distributed.In recent years, as medicinal industry upgrading, medical insurance directory amplification and health of masses are realized
Enhancing, the overall lasting raising of Chinese medicine demand, price, by taking wild chrysanthemum as an example, medicinal material market valence is by 20-25 in 2012
Member/kilogram rise violently was to 50 yuan/kilogram in 2019.To meet the market demand, most efficient method is to carry out wild chrysanthemum industrialization
Cultivation, but restricted by factors such as planting technology, planting cost and quality of medicinal material.
Wild chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum are all compositae plant, and propagation method is similar, and plant division or cutting propagation can be used in production, but
Two kinds of modess of reproduction face the problem of culturing and transplanting seedlings, high labor cost or germplasm are degenerated.For example, Chinese patent literature
CN105453852A discloses a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum, including mixes mother chrysanthemum flower seed and soil thoroughly rear drilling, earthing
Depth is 1-2cm, then site preparation and fertilization, sprinkling preemergence herbicide, transplant, fill the gaps with seedlings, cultivation and banking, tillage and weeding, irrigate, chase after
Fertilizer, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, morbidity improvement etc., which not only needs transplanting, high labor cost, in addition, the implantation methods spray
Spilling preemergence herbicide can prevent weed seed from germinateing, but wild chrysanthemum belongs to herbaceos perennial, also belong to " weeds " one
Class is inhibiting the germination that can also inhibit wild chrysanthemum while weeds germination using preemergence herbicide;If being transplanted in wild chrysanthemum laggard
Row field weeding, existing herbicide is many kinds of, and most post-emergence herbicides have specific weeding object, or is unifacial leaf herbicide
It or is dicotyledonous herbicide;Wild chrysanthemum is generally a variety of to be implanted in hillside hilly ground or level land, this is because draining is good, is less prone to product
Water dead seedling makes wild chrysanthemum normal growth, obtains output;Wild chrysanthemum is dicotyledon, with herbicide weeding, can only select list
Leaf herbicide, but hillside hilly ground or level land weeds are many kinds of, and single unifacial leaf herbicide not can solve field actually
Artificial weeding problem, leads to higher cost.
In addition to this, inventor carries out seed earthing in Chinese patent literature CN105453852A after test of many times
There is also seeds to be difficult to the problem of germinateing for plantation, if earthing is not sowed directly by seed, will appear quilt after seed water swelling
The phenomenon that drying up or thirsting, the kind root after germination are difficult to be absorbed into moisture in soil surface, that is to say, that germination difficulty exists
It is difficult to be absorbed into moisture or absorb in seed to plant root since water shortage will appear death again after moisture is sprouted.
It is limited by the influence of above-mentioned each factor, either culturing and transplanting seedlings or seed sowing are difficult to solve economic high yield open country
The industrialization promotion problem of chrysanthemum, directly restricts the development of wild chrysanthemum industrialization.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that overcome in the prior art wild chrysanthemum seed sowing be difficult to germinate,
The defects of culturing and transplanting seedlings and field weeding at high cost, to provide a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum.
For this purpose, the present invention provides following technical schemes.
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum, comprising the following steps:
By the uniform broadcasting of mother chrysanthemum flower seed or drilling in wetland Tanaka, wetland deployment has gutter;Wherein, gutter
The distance between be 1.2-1.5m;
Unifacial leaf herbicide is uniformly sprayed before weeds plant height is less than 10cm;
Fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields respectively in wild chrysanthemum Seedling Stage and growth period;
Growth period pinches to wild chrysanthemum plant;
Start to harvest when first colored tubular flower of 70-80% plant exposes, until tubular flower is fully deployed.
The application rate of the seed is 0.7-0.8kg/ mus;The fertilizer is compound fertilizer or urea.
Monocotyledon weed strain number accounts for 80% or more of weeds total strain number in the wetland.
The time that the Seedling Stage spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer is wild chrysanthemum four leaf stage and Seedling Height 5-10cm period;The growth period
The time for spreading fertilizer over the fields fertilizer is wild chrysanthemum plant height 35-45cm period and plant height 60-65cm period.
The wild chrysanthemum spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer the specific steps are wild chrysanthemum four leaf stage spreads fertilizer over the fields urea, amount of urea 1.5-
2.0kg/ mu;Wild chrysanthemum Seedling Height 5-10cm period spreads fertilizer over the fields urea, and amount of urea is 4.0-5.0kg/ mus;Wild chrysanthemum growth period
Plant height 35-45cm period spreads fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer, and composite fertilizer's consumption is 10-15kg/ mus;Wild chrysanthemum plant height 60-65cm period spreads fertilizer over the fields urine
Element, dosage are 10-15kg/ mus.
The topping the specific steps are, when wild chrysanthemum plant it is long to 35-40cm and 60-65cm when pinch respectively,
Topping cuts off the top tip of 5-10cm every time.
The mother chrysanthemum flower seed is the mixture picked after seed, wherein the mass fraction of pure mother chrysanthemum flower seed is 1.5-
2.5%.
The mixture includes pure mother chrysanthemum flower seed, the withered ligulate flower of wild chrysanthemum, the withered tubular flower of wild chrysanthemum.
The harvesting the specific steps are, gather in and carry out strip flower, sieving after mother chrysanthemum flowering plant, remove sundries after dry and obtain
Wild chrysanthemum.
Technical solution of the present invention has the advantages that
1. the implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum provided by the invention, this method creatively directly broadcasts sowing mother chrysanthemum flower seed or item
It broadcasts in wetland Tanaka, wetland can guarantee that topsoil is wet for a long time, make that seed easily absorbs moisture and neutron absorption moisture is sprouted
The problem of water shortage will not occur in kind root afterwards, avoid the phenomenon that being dried up or thirst after seed water swelling, solve seed
The difficult problem of germination water suction;If after planting earthing is covered in wetland, since mother chrysanthemum flower seed is smaller, mass of 1000 kernel is only
0.1g, cotyledon are unearthed difficult;Can guarantee the drainage of wetland by the way that gutter is arranged in wetland, wild chrysanthemum in growth not
The problem of will appear ponding dead seedling, can normal growth, ensure that the survival rate of wild chrysanthemum.
In addition, the implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum provided by the invention, the phase without culturing and transplanting seedlings, is improved after planting
Plantation efficiency eliminates the costs such as nursery, transplanting.
2. the implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum provided by the invention, the weeds type in the wetland is more single, and most of is single
Cotyledon weeds can remove weeds in the case where not influencing mother chrysanthemum flower growth using unifacial leaf herbicide, save a large amount of
Weeding cost;This method utilizes wet field water retention property, it is ensured that fertilizer fully absorbs, and solves nutrient under drought condition and supplies
Necessary water and nutrient supply is provided to problem, while for mother chrysanthemum flower growth.
It, can by broadcasting sowing the mixture after picking seed since the mass of 1000 kernel of mother chrysanthemum flower seed is smaller in the implantation methods
More to accurately control the dosage for broadcasting sowing pure mother chrysanthemum flower seed.
3. the implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum provided by the invention, this process simplify the production procedures of wild chrysanthemum, significantly subtract
Artificial investment is lacked, all links are simple and easy to do, and significantly improve wild chrysanthemum yield, are suitble to large-scale production.
Specific embodiment
There is provided following embodiments is to preferably further understand the present invention, it is not limited to the best embodiment party
Formula is not construed as limiting the contents of the present invention and protection scope, anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by the present invention and its
The feature of his prior art is combined and any and identical or similar product of the present invention for obtaining, all falls within of the invention
Within protection scope.
Specific experiment step or condition person are not specified in embodiment, according to the literature in the art described routine experiment
The operation of step or condition can carry out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer, being can be by commercially available acquisition
Conventional reagent product.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum, 2 months 2017, in Hubei Province Yangxin County Baisha Zhen stone and
Village carries out wild chrysanthemum plantation, and specific steps include,
The above are the paddy fields of gramineae plant barnyard grass as wild chrysanthemum planting site for weeds in field 80%;At the beginning of 3 months, to rice
Field carries out disposable simple rotary tillage ditching, and the wide 120cm in compartment (i.e. the distance between gutter is 120cm) guarantees the paddy field rainy day
Not ponding;
By on the compartment face of the wild chrysanthemum seed mix uniform broadcasting containing purebred sub- 2wt% to Simple ditching, sow per acre
0.75kg is measured, earthing is not required to, covers;
Germination after sowing 10 days, barnyard grass is grown again after sowing 30 days, uniformly sprays 10% Quizalotop-ethyl 1 at this time
Secondary, mu dosage 30ml, after herbicide spraying 10 days, gramineae weed is all dead, and wild chrysanthemum seedling preserves from;
After sowing 40 days, wild chrysanthemum seedling enters four leaf stage, selects to spread fertilizer over the fields urea rainy days, 2kg/ mus;Sowing one and half
After month, wild chrysanthemum plant length to 5cm or so selects to spread fertilizer over the fields urea rainy days, 4kg/ mus;Mid or late June, wild chrysanthemum plant are long extremely
36cm or so is pinched with scissors etc. at this time, beats top tip 8cm or so, while the rainy days after topping spreads fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer,
15kg/ mus;By the end of July, plant height 65cm or so beats top tip 5cm or so with tools such as scissors at this time again, spreads fertilizer over the fields urine rainy days
Element, 15kg/ mus;
At the beginning of 11 months, mother chrysanthemum blooms, and starts to harvest when complete 75% plant of field first colored tubular flower exposes, dry after harvesting
Dry per mu yield wild chrysanthemum dried flower 65kg.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum, in March, 2018, in Hubei Province, the town Feng Lin, Yangxin County land reclaimed from a lake
Village carries out wild chrysanthemum plantation, and specific steps include,
The above are the paddy fields of gramineae plant barnyard grass as wild chrysanthemum planting site for weeds in field 80%;At the beginning of 3 months, to rice
Field carries out disposable simple rotary tillage ditching, and the wide 150cm in compartment (i.e. the distance between gutter is 150cm) guarantees the paddy field rainy day
Not ponding;
At the beginning of 3 months, by the wild chrysanthemum seed mix uniform broadcasting containing purebred sub- 2.5wt% between ridge, application rate per acre
0.7kg is not required to earthing, covers;
Germination after sowing 8 days, gramineae weed grows again after sowing 35 days, uniformly sprays 10% smart quinoline standing grain at this time
Spirit 1 time, mu dosage 25ml, after herbicide spraying 12 days, gramineae weed is all dead, and wild chrysanthemum seedling preserves from;
Wild chrysanthemum seedling enters four leaf stage after sowing 43 days, selects to spread fertilizer over the fields urea rainy days, 1.5kg/ mus;Sowing one and half
After month, wild chrysanthemum plant length to 7cm or so selects to spread fertilizer over the fields urea rainy days, 5kg/ mus;Mid or late June, wild chrysanthemum plant are long extremely
40cm or so is pinched with scissors etc. at this time, beats top tip 10cm or so, while the rainy days after topping spreads fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer,
15kg/ mus;At the beginning of August, plant height 70cm or so beats top tip 5cm or so with tools such as scissors at this time again, spreads fertilizer over the fields urine rainy days
Element, 15kg/ mus;
At the beginning of 11 months, mother chrysanthemum blooms, and starts to harvest when complete 70% plant of field first colored tubular flower exposes, removes flower
The sundries such as handle, blade, per mu yield wild chrysanthemum dried flower 60kg after drying.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum, this comparative example is planted using the method for culturing and transplanting seedlings
It plants, in March, 2015, carries out wild chrysanthemum plantation into middle village in Hubei Province, Buddha town, Yangxin County, specific steps include,
The above are the paddy fields of gramineae plant barnyard grass as wild chrysanthemum planting site for weeds in field 80%;At the beginning of 1 month, to rice
Field plow for the first time, Kai Weigou, draining, draining;
At the beginning of 3 months, paddy field first time rotary tillage of the rotary cultivator to having drained away the water breaks up the clods as far as possible, levels land;
March 10, base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields, use compound fertilizer 30kg, organic fertilizer 300kg per acre, rotary tillage again after spreading fertilizer over the fields rises simultaneously
Disposable gutter, furrow width 50cm, the wide 150cm in compartment (i.e. the distance between gutter is 150cm), guarantees that the paddy field rainy day is not accumulated
Water;
It March 15, digs pit rainy days, has been planted to the seed seedling cultivated according to seeding row spacing 50cm × 50cm
Compartment face on, earthing;
At the beginning of 4 months, gramineae weed grows again, uniformly sprays 10% Quizalotop-ethyl at this time 1 time, and mu dosage 25ml is sprayed
After herbicide 10 days, gramineae weed is all dead, and wild chrysanthemum transplanted seedling preserves from;
At the beginning of 4 months, start to fill the gaps with seedlings for the first time, hereafter the 4-6 month, during Dendranthema Growth out of office, carries out 4 times fill the gaps with seedlings successively, this
It is because of the transplanted seedling for being planted to paddy field after digging pit, root is buried relatively deeply, and water logging or hypoxia death phenomenon are easy to appear.
Early June, wild chrysanthemum plant length to 40cm or so are pinched with scissors etc. at this time, beat top tip 10cm or so,
Rainy days after pinching simultaneously spreads fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer, and 15kg/ mus;At the beginning of August, plant height 70cm or so, again with tools such as scissors at this time
It beats and removes top tip 5cm or so, spread fertilizer over the fields urea rainy days, 15kg/ mus;
At the beginning of 11 months, mother chrysanthemum blooms, and starts to harvest when complete 70% plant of field first colored tubular flower exposes, removes flower
The sundries such as handle, blade, per mu yield wild chrysanthemum dried flower 50kg after drying.
In this comparative example, wild chrysanthemum is planted according to the method for culturing and transplanting seedlings, needs early period to plow to soil, open and enclose
Ditch, draining, draining etc. processing, early period, consolidation was at high cost, and the later period also needs to transplant, fill the gaps with seedlings etc. operation, manually time-consuming, at
This height, and during Dendranthema Growth out of office, easily occur the problem of rice shoot death after culturing and transplanting seedlings.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum, this comparison is using the method transplanted in upland nursery to open country
Chrysanthemum is planted, in March, 2015, carries out wild chrysanthemum plantation in Hubei Province, Baisha Zhen Plain village, Yangxin County, and specific steps include,
Select nonirrigated farmland as wild chrysanthemum planting site;At the beginning of 1 month, loosen the soil for the first time to nonirrigated farmland progress, rotary tillage, sunning;
At the beginning of 3 months, base manure is spread fertilizer over the fields, uses compound fertilizer 30kg, organic fertilizer 300kg, rotary tillage again after spreading fertilizer over the fields per acre, while playing one
Secondary property gutter, furrow width 50cm, the wide 150cm in compartment (i.e. the distance between gutter be 150cm) guarantee nonirrigated farmland rainy day not ponding;
It March 15, digs pit rainy days, has been planted to the seed seedling cultivated according to seeding row spacing 50cm × 50cm
Compartment face on, earthing;
It at the beginning of 4 months, is once filled the gaps with seedlings, guarantees field seedling quantity;
At the beginning of 5 months, starts field first time artificial weeding, hereafter the 6-7 month, carry out field artificial weeding twice successively, this is
Because upland weeds type is complicated, single selective herbicide is unable to meet demand, it is necessary to carry out artificial weeding;
Early June, wild chrysanthemum plant length to 40cm or so are pinched with scissors etc. at this time, beat top tip 10cm or so,
Rainy days after pinching simultaneously spreads fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer, and 15kg/ mus;At the beginning of August, plant height 70cm or so, again with tools such as scissors at this time
It beats and removes top tip 5cm or so, spread fertilizer over the fields urea rainy days, 15kg/ mus;
At the beginning of 11 months, mother chrysanthemum blooms, and starts to harvest when complete 70% plant of field first colored tubular flower exposes, removes flower
The sundries such as handle, blade, per mu yield wild chrysanthemum dried flower 35kg after drying;This is because although nonirrigated farmland avoids the wind of plant waterflooding death
Danger, but in the 7-9 month of wild chrysanthemum fast-growth, due to plot arid, it is difficult to meet plant fast growing period to moisture and support
The demand divided, causes wild chrysanthemum yield lower.
Test example
This test example provides two groups of comparative experimentss, specifically,
Contrast groups 1
This contrast groups provides two groups of experiments, compares influence of the earthing to wild chrysanthemum percentage of seedgermination, two groups of experiments of a1, b1
The planting conditions of wild chrysanthemum are identical as the planting conditions in embodiment 1, and difference is, earthing is handled after a1 group scatters seeds, and cover
The depth of soil is 2cm, and b1 is without earthing processing;Percentage of seedgermination is shown in Table 1:
Influence of 1 contrast groups of table, 1 earthing to percentage of seedgermination
Contrast groups 2
This contrast groups provides two groups of experiments, compares influence of the plantation plot to wild chrysanthemum percentage of seedgermination, and two groups of a2, b2
The planting conditions for testing wild chrysanthemum are identical as the planting conditions in embodiment 1, and difference is, a2 is planted in nonirrigated farmland, and b2 exists
Paddy field plantation, percentage of seedgermination are shown in Table 2;
2 kinds of 2 contrast groups of table are planted influence of the plot to percentage of seedgermination
Experiment | Sowing quantity (a) | It germinates number (a) | Germination percentage (%) |
a2 | 100 | 13 | 13% |
b2 | 100 | 65 | 65% |
Contrast groups 1 illustrate that after planting earthing will lead to percentage of seedgermination reduction;Contrast groups 2 illustrate, plant in nonirrigated farmland wild
Chrysanthemum can reduce the germination percentage of seed.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And thus amplify out it is obvious variation or
It changes still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of implantation methods of wild chrysanthemum, which comprises the following steps:
By the uniform broadcasting of mother chrysanthemum flower seed or drilling in wetland Tanaka, wetland deployment has gutter;Wherein, between gutter
Distance be 1.2-1.5m;
Unifacial leaf herbicide is uniformly sprayed before weeds plant height is less than 10cm;
Fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields respectively in wild chrysanthemum Seedling Stage and growth period;
Growth period pinches to wild chrysanthemum plant;
Start to harvest when first colored tubular flower of 70-80% plant exposes, until tubular flower is fully deployed.
2. implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the application rate of the seed is 0.7-0.8kg/ mus;
The fertilizer is compound fertilizer or urea.
3. implantation methods according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that monocotyledon weed strain number accounts for miscellaneous in the wetland
80% or more of careless total strain number.
4. implantation methods according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the Seedling Stage spreads fertilizer over the fields the time of fertilizer
For wild chrysanthemum four leaf stage and Seedling Height 5-10cm period;The time that the growth period spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer is wild chrysanthemum plant height 35-
45cm period and plant height 60-65cm period.
5. implantation methods according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the wild chrysanthemum spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer the specific steps are,
Wild chrysanthemum four leaf stage spreads fertilizer over the fields urea, and amount of urea is 1.5-2.0kg/ mus;Wild chrysanthemum Seedling Height 5-10cm period spreads fertilizer over the fields urea,
Amount of urea is 4.0-5.0kg/ mus;Wild chrysanthemum growth period plant height 35-45cm period spreads fertilizer over the fields compound fertilizer, composite fertilizer's consumption 10-
15kg/ mus;Wild chrysanthemum plant height 60-65cm period spreads fertilizer over the fields urea, and dosage is 10-15kg/ mus.
6. implantation methods according to claim 1-5, which is characterized in that the topping the specific steps are, when
Wild chrysanthemum plant it is long to 35-40cm and 60-65cm when pinch respectively, topping cuts off the top tip of 5-10cm every time.
7. implantation methods according to claim 1-6, which is characterized in that the mother chrysanthemum flower seed is picking seed
Mixture afterwards, wherein the mass fraction of pure mother chrysanthemum flower seed is 1.5-2.5%.
8. implantation methods according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the mixture includes pure mother chrysanthemum flower seed, mother chrysanthemum
Spend the withered tubular flower of withered ligulate flower, wild chrysanthemum.
9. implantation methods according to claim 1-8, which is characterized in that the harvesting the specific steps are, receive
It cuts drying after carrying out strip flower, sieving after mother chrysanthemum flowering plant, removing sundries and obtains wild chrysanthemum.
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CN111742808A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-09 | 华润三九医药股份有限公司 | Wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method and mechanical transplanting method of wild chrysanthemum seedlings |
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