CN111742808A - Wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method and mechanical transplanting method of wild chrysanthemum seedlings - Google Patents
Wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method and mechanical transplanting method of wild chrysanthemum seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
Abstract
The invention relates to a wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method and a mechanical transplanting method of wild chrysanthemum seedlings. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method comprises the following steps: seedling culture: putting the substrate into a plug tray, sowing wild chrysanthemum seeds into the substrate with the sowing depth of 0.1-0.3cm, spraying water, covering a film, and setting up a sunshade net; seedling stage management: removing the film after the cotyledon is unfolded, thinning and replanting after the wild chrysanthemum seedling grows to be strong, and reserving a strong wild chrysanthemum seedling in each hole; hardening seedlings and sprouting: when the wild chrysanthemum seedlings grow to be not less than 10cm, the sunshade net is removed, the seedlings are hardened, the seedlings emerge when the plant height is more than 12cm and the diameter of the stem node is more than 0.2 cm. The seeds are used for raising seedlings, so that the problem that diseases and insect pests of the parent plants are brought in by cutting propagation and plant division transplanting modes is solved; the sowing depth is 0.1-0.3cm, and in the process of seedling culture, after the seeds are sowed in the substrate, the substrate is not covered any more, so that the seedling emergence time can be shortened, the seedling emergence rate can be improved, and the seedling emergence can be realized in about 50 days.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method and a mechanical transplanting method of wild chrysanthemum seedlings.
Background
Flos Chrysanthemi Indici is dry head-shaped inflorescence of Compositae plant flos Chrysanthemi Indici Ghrysanthimumindicum L. Collected in the beginning of blooming in autumn and winter, and dried in the sun or steamed and dried in the sun. Has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, purging fire and calming the liver, is used for treating furuncle, carbuncle and swelling, conjunctival congestion and swelling, headache and dizziness, and is one of the main raw material medicines of a cold curing series.
Along with the increase of the market demand of cold medicines, the demand of wild chrysanthemum raw medicinal materials is gradually increased, and the price of the wild chrysanthemum raw medicinal materials is greatly increased. The market price of the wild chrysanthemum medicinal material is 17 yuan/kg in 2015, the wild chrysanthemum medicinal material is increased to 70 yuan/kg in 2017, and the wild chrysanthemum medicinal material gradually falls back and is stabilized at 45 yuan/kg. Wild chrysanthemum has uneven quality and large content difference, is difficult to meet the production requirement, and urgently needs to develop the industrialized and large-scale planting of the wild chrysanthemum on a large scale.
However, the traditional planting modes of wild chrysanthemum are plant division transplanting, seed broadcasting, cuttage and field seedling transplanting. However, diseases and insect pests of mother plants can be brought by wild chrysanthemum cutting propagation and division transplanting, and the wild chrysanthemum has serious continuous cropping obstacles, so that the yield can be reduced by division; the wild chrysanthemum seed broadcast sowing has high requirements on plots and weather, a field is needed, and rainfall is needed in the near term; the seedlings for field seedling growing grow slowly and are easily affected by late spring coldness, and the seedlings grow inconsistently; the transplanting labor demand is large, and the labor cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that wild chrysanthemum seedling is easy to be damaged by diseases and insect pests and has low efficiency in the prior art, so that the wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method is provided.
The invention also provides a mechanical transplanting method of the wild chrysanthemum flower seedlings.
Therefore, the invention provides a wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method, which comprises the following steps:
seedling culture: putting the substrate into a plug tray, sowing wild chrysanthemum seeds into the substrate with the sowing depth of 0.1-0.3cm, spraying water, covering a film, and setting up a sunshade net;
seedling stage management: removing the film after the cotyledon is unfolded, thinning and replanting after the wild chrysanthemum seedling grows to be strong, and reserving a strong wild chrysanthemum seedling in each hole; thinning and replanting are generally carried out when 6-8 leaves grow out from wild chrysanthemum seedlings;
hardening seedlings and sprouting: when the wild chrysanthemum seedlings grow to be not less than 10cm, the sunshade net is removed, the seedlings are hardened, the seedlings emerge when the plant height is more than 12cm and the diameter of the stem node is more than 0.2 cm.
Further, the seed has a particle size of greater than 0.425mm and a thousand seed weight of greater than 0.16 g.
Further, the substrate is turf and perlite with the volume ratio of 2-3: 1-1.5.
Further, the moisture content of the substrate during the seedling management is 40-60%.
Furthermore, the pH value of the water used in the seedling raising period is 5.5-7.5, and the conductivity value is 0-0.4 ms/cm.
Furthermore, after the substrate is placed in the hole tray, a hole pressing step is further carried out before the wild chrysanthemum seeds are sown in the substrate, and the hole pressing depth is 0.1-0.3 cm.
Further, during the seedling management period, the temperature is kept at 23-28 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night; the fertilizer is applied when 4 leaves are available, the fertilizer application mode is that the foliar fertilizer is sprayed every time by combining water spraying, the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, the fertilizer application concentration is 0.03-0.05% when 4 leaves are available, and the fertilizer application concentration is 0.08-0.1% when 6 leaves are available.
Further, the plug tray is a 72-hole plug tray.
Furthermore, the size of the plug is 540x280mm, the upper caliber is 38x38mm, the lower aperture is 19x19mm, the height is 45mm, the single-hole capacity is 38ml, and the diameter of the bottom hole is 7 mm.
The invention also provides a mechanical transplanting method of wild chrysanthemum flower seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
land preparation: fertilizing and rotary tillage of the land;
mechanical transplanting: and (3) placing the plug seedlings obtained by the method on a transplanting machine for mechanical transplanting.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method provided by the invention, the wild chrysanthemum is used for seedling, so that the problem that diseases and insect pests of a mother plant are brought in a cutting propagation and plant division transplanting mode is avoided; the sowing depth is 0.1-0.3cm, and in the process of seedling culture, after the seeds are sown into the substrate, the substrate is not covered, the seedling emergence time can be shortened, the seedling emergence rate is improved, seedling emergence can be realized in about 50 days, the obtained seedlings are robust, the root systems are all set in the plug substrate, the substrate provides free falling weight for the seedlings, mechanical transplanting can be performed, the survival rate of seedling transplanting reaches more than 90%, the planting efficiency is greatly improved, the planting cost is reduced, and the defects that the root systems of field seedlings and seedling branches are dispersed and mechanical transplanting cannot be performed are overcome; the seedlings must reach 12cm and be strong, otherwise the seedlings are easy to break and submerge into soil, and the survival rate is reduced.
2. According to the wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method provided by the invention, during the seedling management period, the water content of the substrate is 40-60%, the water shortage symptom is easy to appear below 40%, and the root system is yellow brown above 60%.
3. According to the wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method provided by the invention, the pH value of water used in the seedling stage is 5.5-7.5, and the conductivity (EC) value is not more than 0.4 ms/cm; the over-alkaline wild chrysanthemum leaves are yellow, the activity of the root system of the seedlings is reduced, the root system is yellow brown, the growth is slowed down, and the serious people die.
4. According to the wild chrysanthemum plug seedling raising method provided by the invention, the plug is a 72-hole plug, wild chrysanthemum seedlings in 105 and 220 holes cannot reach the standard, and due to the fact that the wild chrysanthemum leaves are more and larger, the growth space of the 105 and 220 plugs is insufficient. 8 ~ 10 leaves of wild chrysanthemum seedling, height 3cm are left and right, and the blade has been covered with 105 plug spaces, and the blade is not yet fully expanded this moment, and 105 plug and 220 plug are because the space is not enough, can't carry out the wild chrysanthemum and grow seedlings.
5. According to the wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method provided by the invention, fertilization is started when 4-6 leaves are planted in the seedling management period, so that the plug seedling time can be further shortened, and seedling emergence can be realized within 40 days after fertilization.
6. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method provided by the invention is reasonable and effective in substrate and seedling method, and can greatly promote root development. And (4) covering a film after sowing to promote the germination of the wild chrysanthemum seeds. The water and fertilizer are reasonably controlled, the cultivated wild chrysanthemum seedlings are developed in root systems, uniform in height and stem node diameter growth and high in emergence rate. After hardening, wild chrysanthemum seedlings are robust and uniform and can be transplanted mechanically.
7. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method provided by the invention has the mechanical transplanting cost of 50 yuan/mu, which is far lower than the artificial transplanting cost of 150 yuan/mu of field seedlings and divided seedlings. And the method can be used for laminating films, paving drip irrigation belts and pouring root fixing water, so that the labor cost is greatly saved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
A wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 seed collection and treatment: planting wild chrysanthemum in 4-5 months, blooming in 10-11 months in the year, harvesting upper branches of plants after seeds are mature in 12-1 months, drying in the sun, seeding down the seeds, and removing impurities.
Selection of seeds of S2: selecting mature and full pure seeds with no diseases and particle diameters of more than 0.425mm, wherein the thousand seed weight is not less than 0.16 g.
S3 seedling raising
a) Selection of the matrix: the grass mud carbon and the perlite which are sterilized and disinfected are mixed according to the ratio of 2: 1 and mixing thoroughly.
b) Selection of the plug tray: the selected plug disk is 72 holes (6x12), the size of the plug disk is 540x280mm, the upper caliber is 38x38mm, the lower aperture is 19x19mm, the height is 45mm, the capacity of a single hole is 38ml, and the diameter of a bottom hole is 7 mm.
c) Loading a plate: the substrates are loaded in the cavity plate, and the substrate is scraped from one side of the cavity plate to the other side of the cavity plate by a scraper, and each cavity is filled with the substrates.
d) Pressing a plate: the plate is pressed by a plate pressing die of a hole plate sowing machine (model 2BXP-500, manufactured by Town precision machinery Co., Ltd., Changzhou city) with the depth controlled at 0.1 cm.
e) Sowing: the hole tray seeder is used for seeding, the seeding depth is 0.1cm, and the substrate is not covered after seeding. The suction head can be cleaned or replaced in time if blockage occurs.
f) Watering: and lightly taking the seeds after sowing, placing the seeds on a seedling raising frame for spraying and watering, wherein a nozzle is more than 30cm away from a hole disc, watering until water drops seep out from the bottom of the hole disc, then covering a black film, erecting a 50-70% sunshade net, and watering with the pH value of 5.5 and the conductivity (EC) value of 0.4 ms/cm.
S4 seedling management
a) Managing before germination: sprouting 3 days after sowing, wherein the sprouting rate is 90.35%, and removing the film after the cotyledon is unfolded.
b) Temperature management: the temperature is kept between 23 and 28 ℃ in the daytime and between 15 and 20 ℃ at night.
c) Illumination management: the sunshade net is adjusted to make the light intensity of the whole seedling stage be about 35000 lx.
d) Water spraying management: spraying water to ensure that the water content of the matrix is more than 80% of the maximum water holding capacity before germination, and the water content is maintained at 40% -60% after germination, wherein the water spraying is selected in the morning or evening of fine day, and if the indoor humidity is too high after water spraying, ventilation can be enhanced to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
e) Thinning and replanting: thinning and replanting when six leaves are available, and reserving 1 robust wild chrysanthemum seedling in each hole.
f) Weeding and loosening soil: weeds in the holes are removed in time, and if the matrix is hardened, soil is loosened in time.
g) Pest management
Prevention and treatment of thrips: when nymphs and adults suck flower juice, the damaged leaves are uneven and have silvery white and black brown spots. When severe, the leaves turn yellow, affecting growth and development. Spraying 40% omethoate 1000 times or 2000 times of fenitrothion water solution.
Controlling whitefly: continuous sucking can make plant growth lack carbohydrate, when sucking juice, the toxin is injected into plant, the secreted honeydew is suitable for growth of mould, and can contaminate leaf blade, and the trialeurodes vaporariorum is the mediator of various crop virus diseases. When in seedling raising, residual weeds are removed, and residual imagoes are killed by fumigation or spraying; the pesticide is a 600-fold liquid containing 10% of pyrifenocarb at the initial stage of the whitefly occurrence, can kill eggs, nymphs and adults, and a small amount of deltamethrin pesticide is added into the liquid medicine when the quantity of the pests is large. The medicine is sprayed for 3 times after 7 days for 1 time.
Root retting prevention: the watering amount is controlled, and the ventilation is enhanced in rainy days.
S5 emergence of seedlings: removing the sunshade net when the wild chrysanthemum seedlings grow to be not less than 10cm, wherein the plant height of the wild chrysanthemum seedlings is more than 12cm, the diameter of stem nodes is more than 0.2cm, and seedling emergence is carried out after hardening seedlings for one week.
S6 soil preparation: 300kg of organic fertilizer (thoroughly fermented and decomposed chicken manure) and compound fertilizer (N-P produced by Hebei Jihensairui chemical Co., Ltd.) are applied to each mu2O5-K2O (15-15-15))30kg, and rotary tillage of the land. The land needs to be smooth, the soil is loose, and the particles are fine, so that the condition that the transplanting depth of the wild chrysanthemum is inconsistent and the survival rate is influenced is avoided.
S7 mechanized transplanting: the width of each ridge is 2.4 meters, 4 rows are planted in one ridge, plug seedlings are placed on transplanting machines, each transplanting machine is provided with 4 workers for putting wild chrysanthemum seedlings, mechanical wild chrysanthemum transplanting, mulching (double-color film, the upper surface is silvery gray, the lower surface is black, and two sides of the mulching film need to be covered tightly), drip irrigation belts are paved, and root fixing water is poured according to the line spacing of 60cm multiplied by 60cm and the depth of 6 cm. The transplanter is produced by Shandong Hualong agricultural equipment, Inc., the model is a traction type 4-row transplanter 2 ZZDD-4A, and the traction power is a Rewoo 1804 tractor produced by Rewoo heavy industry, Inc. The water storage tank with the volume of 1 cubic meter is arranged at the front end of the tractor, water is conveyed by a 12v water pump for irrigation, the irrigation volume of root fixing water is 0.5-1L/plant, the water yield is adjusted according to soil humidity, the soil humidity is 10-20%, the duckbill of the lower seedling is easily adhered due to overlarge humidity, and the duckbill is blocked by the seedling and cannot be transplanted.
The seedlings cultivated by the method have emerald leaves, developed root systems and uniform growth vigor, can emerge in 50 days, can be mechanically transplanted, and the transplanting survival rate can reach 85%.
Example 2
A wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 seed collection and treatment: planting wild chrysanthemum in 4-5 months, blooming in 10-11 months in the year, harvesting upper branches of plants after seeds are mature in 12-1 months, drying in the sun, seeding down the seeds, and removing impurities.
Selection of seeds of S2: selecting mature and full pure seeds without diseases and with the grain diameter of more than 0.425mm, wherein the thousand seed weight is not less than 0.16 g.
S3 seedling raising
a) Selection of the matrix: the grass mud carbon and the perlite which are sterilized and disinfected are mixed according to the ratio of 3:1 and mixing thoroughly.
b) Selection of the plug tray: the selected plug disk is 72 holes (6x12), the size of the plug disk is 540x280mm, the upper caliber is 38x38mm, the lower aperture is 19x19mm, the height is 45mm, the capacity of a single hole is 38ml, and the diameter of a bottom hole is 7 mm. Firstly, removing residues in the repeatedly utilized hole tray, washing the hole tray clean by using clear water, and then performing disinfection treatment after the washing is finished; the disinfection is carried out by soaking the carbendazim in 500 times of solution for 12 hours or soaking the carbendazim in 1000 times of solution for 30 minutes.
c) Loading a plate: the substrates are loaded in the cavity plate, and the substrate is scraped from one side of the cavity plate to the other side of the cavity plate by a scraper, and each cavity is filled with the substrates.
d) Pressing a plate: the plate is pressed by a plate pressing die of a hole plate sowing machine (model 2BXP-500, manufactured by Town precision machinery Co., Ltd., Changzhou city) with the depth controlled at 0.2 cm.
e) Sowing: and (4) sowing by using a plug tray sowing machine, wherein the sowing depth is 0.2cm, and the substrate is not covered after sowing. The suction head can be cleaned or replaced in time if blockage occurs.
f) Watering: and lightly taking the seeds after sowing, placing the seeds on a seedling raising frame for spraying and watering, wherein a nozzle is more than 30cm away from a hole disc, watering until water drops seep out from the bottom of the hole disc, then covering a black film, erecting a 50-70% sunshade net, and watering with the pH value of 7.5 and the conductivity (EC) value of 0.025 ms/cm.
S4 seedling management
a) Managing before germination: sprouting 3 days after sowing, wherein the sprouting rate is 90.28%, and removing the film after the cotyledon is unfolded.
b) Temperature management: the temperature is kept between 23 and 28 ℃ in the daytime and between 15 and 20 ℃ at night.
c) Illumination management: the sunshade net is adjusted to make the light intensity of the whole seedling stage be about 35000 lx.
d) Water spraying management: spraying water, wherein the water content of the substrate is ensured to be more than 80% of the maximum water holding capacity before germination, the water content is maintained at 40% -60% after germination, the water spraying is carried out in the morning or evening of fine days, and if the indoor humidity is too high after water spraying, ventilation can be enhanced, so that the occurrence of diseases is reduced.
e) Thinning and replanting: thinning and replanting when eight leaves are in use, and reserving 1 robust wild chrysanthemum seedling in each hole.
f) Fertilization management: the foliar fertilizer is sprayed by combining with water spraying each time, the fertilizer is a flower-rich general type (20-20-20 + TE) water-soluble fertilizer, the fertilizing concentration of 4 leaves is 0.05%, and the fertilizing concentration of 6 leaves is 0.1%.
g) Weeding and loosening soil: weeds in the holes are removed in time, and if the matrix is hardened, soil is loosened in time.
h) Pest management
Prevention and treatment of thrips: when nymphs and adults suck flower juice, the damaged leaves are uneven and have silvery white and black brown spots. When severe, the leaves turn yellow, affecting growth and development. Spraying 2000 times of fenitrothion water solution.
Controlling whitefly: continuous sucking can make plant growth lack carbohydrate, when sucking juice, the toxin is injected into plant, the secreted honeydew is suitable for growth of mould, and can contaminate leaf blade, and the trialeurodes vaporariorum is the mediator of various crop virus diseases. When in seedling raising, residual weeds are removed, and residual imagoes are killed by fumigation or spraying; 1000 times of the solution of 10 percent of chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is used at the initial stage of whitefly occurrence, eggs, nymphs and adults can be killed, and a small amount of deltamethrin insecticide can be added into the solution when the quantity of the insects is large. The medicine is sprayed for 3 times after 7 days for 1 time.
Root retting prevention: the watering amount is controlled, and the ventilation is enhanced in rainy days.
S5 emergence of seedlings: removing the sunshade net when the wild chrysanthemum seedlings grow to be not less than 10cm, wherein the plant height of the wild chrysanthemum seedlings is more than 12cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.2cm, and the wild chrysanthemum seedlings emerge after hardening for one week.
S6 soil preparation: 300kg of organic fertilizer (thoroughly fermented and decomposed chicken manure) and compound fertilizer (N produced by Hebei Ji Hessirui chemical Co., Ltd.) are applied to each mu-P2O5-K2O (15-15-15))30kg, and rotary tillage of the land. The land needs to be smooth, the soil is loose, and the particles are fine, so that the condition that the transplanting depth of the wild chrysanthemum is inconsistent and the survival rate is influenced is avoided.
S7 mechanized transplanting: the width of each ridge is 2.4 meters, 4 rows are planted in one ridge, plug seedlings are placed on transplanting machines, each transplanting machine is provided with 4 workers for putting wild chrysanthemum seedlings, mechanical wild chrysanthemum transplanting, mulching (double-color film, the upper surface is silvery gray, the lower surface is black, and two sides of the mulching film need to be covered tightly), drip irrigation belts are paved, and root fixing water is poured according to the line spacing of 60cm multiplied by 60cm and the depth of 6 cm. The transplanter is produced by Shandong Hualong agricultural equipment, Inc., the model is a traction type 4-row transplanter 2 ZZDD-4A, and the traction power is a Rewoo 1804 tractor produced by Rewoo heavy industry, Inc. The water storage tank with the volume of 1 cubic meter is arranged at the front end of the tractor, water is conveyed by a 12v water pump for irrigation, the irrigation volume of root fixing water is 0.5-1L/plant, the water yield is adjusted according to soil humidity, the soil humidity is 10-20%, the duckbill of the lower seedling is easily adhered due to overlarge humidity, and the duckbill is blocked by the seedling and cannot be transplanted.
The seedlings cultivated by the method are strong, the leaves are dark green, the root system is developed and full of white beard and hair, the growth vigor is uniform, the seedling period is short, seedlings can emerge in 40 days, mechanical transplanting can be carried out, and the transplanting survival rate can reach 90%.
Example 3
A wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 seed collection and treatment: planting wild chrysanthemum in 4-5 months, blooming in 10-11 months in the year, harvesting upper branches of plants after seeds are mature in 12-1 months, drying in the sun, seeding down the seeds, and removing impurities.
Selection of seeds of S2: selecting mature and full pure seeds without diseases and with the grain diameter of more than 0.425mm, wherein the thousand seed weight is not less than 0.16 g.
S3 seedling raising
a) Selection of the matrix: the grass mud carbon and the perlite which are sterilized and disinfected are mixed according to the ratio of 2: 1.5 mixing well.
b) Selection of the plug tray: the selected plug disk is 72 holes (6x12), the size of the plug disk is 540x280mm, the upper caliber is 38x38mm, the lower aperture is 19x19mm, the height is 45mm, the capacity of a single hole is 38ml, and the diameter of a bottom hole is 7 mm. Firstly, removing residues in the repeatedly utilized hole tray, washing the hole tray clean by using clear water, and then performing disinfection treatment after the washing is finished; the disinfection is carried out by soaking the carbendazim in 500 times of solution for 12 hours or soaking the carbendazim in 1000 times of solution for 30 minutes.
c) Loading a plate: the substrates are loaded in the cavity plate, and the substrate is scraped from one side of the cavity plate to the other side of the cavity plate by a scraper, and each cavity is filled with the substrates.
d) Pressing a plate: the plate is pressed by a plate pressing die of a hole plate sowing machine (model 2BXP-500, manufactured by Town precision machinery Co., Ltd., Changzhou city) with the depth controlled at 0.3 cm.
e) Sowing: and (4) sowing by using a plug tray sowing machine, wherein the sowing depth is 0.3cm, and the substrate is not covered after sowing. The suction head can be cleaned or replaced in time if blockage occurs.
f) Watering: and lightly taking the seeds after sowing, placing the seeds on a seedling raising frame for spraying and watering, wherein a nozzle is more than 30cm away from a hole disc, watering until water drops seep out from the bottom of the hole disc, then covering a black film, erecting a 50-70% sunshade net, and watering with the pH value of 6.5 and the conductivity (EC) value of 0.2 ms/cm.
S4 seedling management
a) Managing before germination: sprouting 3 days after sowing, wherein the sprouting rate is 90.12%, and removing the film after the cotyledon is unfolded.
b) Temperature management: the temperature is kept between 23 and 28 ℃ in the daytime and between 15 and 20 ℃ at night.
c) Illumination management: the sunshade net is adjusted to make the light intensity of the whole seedling stage be about 35000 lx.
d) Water spraying management: spraying water, wherein the water content of the substrate is ensured to be more than 80% of the maximum water holding capacity before germination, the water content is maintained at 40% -60% after germination, the water spraying is carried out in the morning or evening of fine days, and if the indoor humidity is too high after water spraying, ventilation can be enhanced, so that the occurrence of diseases is reduced.
e) Thinning and replanting: thinning and replanting when six leaves are available, and reserving 1 robust wild chrysanthemum seedling in each hole.
f) Fertilization management: the foliar fertilizer is sprayed by combining with water spraying each time, the fertilizer is a flower-rich general type (20-20-20 + TE) water-soluble fertilizer, the fertilizing concentration of 4 leaves is 0.03%, and the fertilizing concentration of 6 leaves is 0.08%.
g) Weeding and loosening soil: weeds in the holes are removed in time, and if the matrix is hardened, soil is loosened in time.
h) Pest management
Prevention and treatment of thrips: when nymphs and adults suck flower juice, the damaged leaves are uneven and have silvery white and black brown spots. When severe, the leaves turn yellow, affecting growth and development. Spraying 2000 times of fenitrothion water solution.
Controlling whitefly: continuous sucking can make plant growth lack carbohydrate, when sucking juice, the toxin is injected into plant, the secreted honeydew is suitable for growth of mould, and can contaminate leaf blade, and the trialeurodes vaporariorum is the mediator of various crop virus diseases. When in seedling raising, residual weeds are removed, and residual imagoes are killed by fumigation or spraying; 1000 times of the solution of 10 percent of chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is used at the initial stage of whitefly occurrence, eggs, nymphs and adults can be killed, and a small amount of deltamethrin insecticide can be added into the solution when the quantity of the insects is large. The medicine is sprayed for 3 times after 7 days for 1 time.
Root retting prevention: the watering amount is controlled, and the ventilation is enhanced in rainy days.
S5 emergence of seedlings: removing the sunshade net when the wild chrysanthemum seedlings grow to be not less than 10cm, wherein the plant height of the wild chrysanthemum seedlings is more than 12cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.2cm, and the wild chrysanthemum seedlings emerge after hardening for one week.
S6 soil preparation: 300kg of organic fertilizer (thoroughly fermented and decomposed chicken manure) and compound fertilizer (N-P produced by Hebei Jihensairui chemical Co., Ltd.) are applied to each mu2O5-K2O (15-15-15))30kg, and rotary tillage of the land. The land needs to be smooth, the soil is loose, and the particles are fine, so that the condition that the transplanting depth of the wild chrysanthemum is inconsistent and the survival rate is influenced is avoided.
S7 mechanized transplanting: the width of each ridge is 2.4 meters, 4 rows are planted in one ridge, plug seedlings are placed on transplanting machines, each transplanting machine is provided with 4 workers for putting wild chrysanthemum seedlings, mechanical wild chrysanthemum transplanting, mulching (double-color film, the upper surface is silvery gray, the lower surface is black, and two sides of the mulching film need to be covered tightly), drip irrigation belts are paved, and root fixing water is poured according to the line spacing of 60cm multiplied by 60cm and the depth of 6 cm. The transplanter is produced by Shandong Hualong agricultural equipment, Inc., the model is a traction type 4-row transplanter 2 ZZDD-4A, and the traction power is a Rewoo 1804 tractor produced by Rewoo heavy industry, Inc. The water storage tank with the volume of 1 cubic meter is arranged at the front end of the tractor, water is conveyed by a 12v water pump for irrigation, the irrigation volume of root fixing water is 0.5-1L/plant, the water yield is adjusted according to soil humidity, the soil humidity is 10-20%, the duckbill of the lower seedling is easily adhered due to overlarge humidity, and the duckbill is blocked by the seedling and cannot be transplanted.
The seedlings cultivated by the method are strong, the leaves are dark green, the root system is developed and full of white beard and hair, the growth vigor is uniform, the seedling period is short, seedlings can emerge in 40 days, mechanical transplanting can be carried out, and the transplanting survival rate can reach 90%.
Comparative example 1
The procedure is as in example 2, except that the substrate is continued to be covered by 0.7cm after sowing. The germination is carried out after 7 days, and the germination rate is 6.94%.
Comparative example 2
The procedure is as in example 2, except that the substrate is continued to be 1.4cm covered after seeding. The germination is carried out after 10 days, and the germination rate is 4.17 percent.
Comparative example 3
The method is the same as example 2, except that the pH value of the irrigation water during the seedling raising process is 8.2, and the Electric Conductivity (EC) value is 0.97 ms/cm. The new root of the root system of the cultivated wild chrysanthemum seedling is white, the root system turns yellow brown after contacting water for a long time, and the leaf turns yellow.
Comparative example 4
The method is the same as example 2, except that the plant height of the seedlings during seedling emergence is 10.5-11.5cm, and the transplanting survival rate is 75%.
Comparative example 5
The method is the same as the example 2, and is different from the method in that during the seedling management period, the moisture content of the matrix after germination is 70-80%, the leaves of the wild chrysanthemum seedlings are slightly yellow and have yellow brown root systems, and partial seedlings have root retting phenomenon and wither and die.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seedling culture: putting the substrate into a plug tray, sowing wild chrysanthemum seeds into the substrate with the sowing depth of 0.1-0.3cm, spraying water, covering a film, and setting up a sunshade net;
seedling stage management: removing the film after the cotyledon is unfolded, thinning and replanting after the wild chrysanthemum seedling grows to be strong, and reserving a strong wild chrysanthemum seedling in each hole;
hardening seedlings and sprouting: when the wild chrysanthemum seedlings grow to be not less than 10cm, the sunshade net is removed, the seedlings are hardened, the seedlings emerge when the plant height is more than 12cm and the diameter of the stem node is more than 0.2 cm.
2. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the seeds is more than 0.425mm, and the thousand seed weight is more than 0.16 g.
3. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate is turf and perlite in a volume ratio of 2-3: 1-1.5.
4. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the moisture content of the substrate during seedling management is 40 to 60%.
5. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH value of the water used in the seedling stage is 5.5 to 7.5, and the conductivity value is 0 to 0.4 ms/cm.
6. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein after the substrate is placed in the plug, a hole pressing step is further performed before the wild chrysanthemum seeds are sown into the substrate, and the hole pressing depth is 0.1-0.3 cm.
7. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the temperature is kept at 23 to 28 ℃ in the daytime and 15 to 20 ℃ at night during the seedling management period; fertilizing is started when 4-6 leaves are available, the fertilizing mode is that the foliar fertilizer is sprayed each time by combining with water spraying, the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, the fertilizing concentration is 0.03-0.05% when 4 leaves are available, and the fertilizing concentration is 0.08-0.1% when 6 leaves are available.
8. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plug is a 72-hole plug.
9. The wild chrysanthemum plug seedling method according to claim 8, wherein the size of the plug is 540x280mm, the upper caliber is 38x38mm, the lower caliber is 19x19mm, the height is 45mm, the single-hole capacity is 38ml, and the bottom hole diameter is 7 mm.
10. A mechanical transplanting method of wild chrysanthemum flower seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
land preparation: fertilizing and rotary tillage of the land;
mechanical transplanting: placing the plug seedlings obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 on a transplanting machine for mechanized transplanting.
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| CN115486336A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2022-12-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cabbage plug seedling method suitable for automatic seedling taking of double-row automatic transplanter |
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