CN110268929B - No-tillage hole digging planting method for fresh corn in autumn rice field - Google Patents
No-tillage hole digging planting method for fresh corn in autumn rice field Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/02—Hand tools for making holes for sowing, planting or manuring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a no-tillage hole-digging planting method for fresh corn in an autumn rice field, which comprises the following steps: (1) cultivating corn seedlings; (2) processing the field; (3) punching a planting hole; (4) transplanting; (5) managing fertilizers; (7) and (6) harvesting at proper time. The method starts from the practical production, combines agricultural tool improvement with agricultural technology improvement, uses a special no-tillage hole-digging planting tool to dig the planting holes in the early autumn harvest rice field, and then directly transplants the corn seedlings into the planting holes, thereby realizing the no-tillage transplantation of the fresh corn in the early autumn harvest rice field without plowing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a no-tillage hole-digging planting method for fresh corn in an autumn rice field.
Background
At present, a great amount of green and strong year labor is lacked in rural areas in China, most paddy fields are planted in one season, the farmland is left unused in large quantities after autumn, weeds grow in clusters, land resources are wasted, and the cultivation of the land in the next year is influenced. If can save traditional turn-over tillage operation, other crops of direct seeding can not only increase the planting benefit, can also effectively protect farmland soil structure, solve present rural farmland idle because of lacking the green and strong labour and lead to, the desertion problem and traditional turn-over tillage operation great, the evaporation of water is big, soil erosion and water loss problem to farmland arable layer soil structure destruction.
Corn is a short-day plant, has not very strict requirements on soil, and is an important food crop and feed crop. If can have a labour saving and time saving's dibbling instrument to come the planting of supporting maize, realize the maize no-tillage planting in autumn paddy field, both can improve planting efficiency, increase and plant the income, can reach labour saving and time saving's effect again, improve the peasant and to the enthusiasm that autumn harvest paddy field was planted, solve the idle problem of soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a no-tillage hole-digging planting method for fresh corn in autumn harvested rice fields, so that the land utilization rate and the planting efficiency are improved.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a no-tillage hole-digging planting method for fresh corn in an autumn rice field, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) corn seedling cultivation: selecting autumn corn seeds suitable for autumn planting, soaking the corn seeds for germination, filtering water, and sowing the corn seeds into a seedling tray after germs appear white;
(2) and (3) field treatment: selecting field with early rice as the previous crop, and treating weeds in the field by using a herbicide;
(3) and (4) planting a hole: using a no-tillage hole-digging planting tool to dig out a planting hole for planting; the no-tillage hole-digging planting tool comprises:
the pedal device comprises a shell, a handle and a pedal, wherein the shell is tubular, and one end of the shell is provided with a pedal;
the drill bit is sleeved in the shell, and one end of the drill bit is provided with a conical drill point;
a pressing rod, one end of which is provided with a handle, and the pressing rod can move up and down along the axial lead of the shell;
the power conversion and transmission mechanism is used for converting the pressure generated by the up-and-down movement of the pressure lever into a torsion force surrounding the axial lead of the shell and transmitting the torsion force to the drill bit for rotary movement;
the size of a drill bit of the no-tillage hole-digging planting tool is matched with the size of a seedling hole of the seedling tray;
(4) transplanting: selecting corn seedlings with the size of 2 leaves and 1 heart or 3 leaves and 1 heart to transplant into the planting holes; transplanting the corn seedlings according to a wide-narrow row planting mode;
(5) fertilizer management: after transplanting, ditching in the middle of a small row spacing, applying decomposed farmyard manure and slow-controlled release fertilizer in the row ditches, and covering soil after applying fertilizer; applying urea or compound fertilizer when the seedlings are green-turned;
(6) controlling diseases, pests and weeds: intertillage weeding and comprehensive pest control;
(7) harvesting in due time: harvesting the mature corns in time within 9-11 months.
Preferably, in the step (1), the corn seeds are selected from the fine varieties with the growth period of 70-85 d. Such as Huazhen, Taizhen, Guixing, Jintian No. 6, Tiangui glutinous 932, etc.
Preferably, in the step (1), the diameter of the seedling hole opening of the seedling raising tray is 45-55mm, and the hole depth is 40-52 cm.
Preferably, in the step (1), before sowing, watering the seedling tray filled with the nutrient soil thoroughly to wet the seedbed thoroughly, sowing one robust germinating seed in each hole, covering with the nutrient soil, leveling, spraying enough water, and covering with a sun-shading net to prevent sunlight and preserve moisture; and (4) uncovering the sunshade net and watering in time after seedling emergence to keep the seedbed moist, and stopping watering two days before transplanting to promote squat seedlings.
Preferably, in step (3), the power conversion transmission mechanism includes: a first face gear (8), a second face gear (9) and a thrust bearing (10); the first face gear (8) is fixed with the inner side wall of the drill bit (3), and a circular through hole through which the compression bar (5) can pass is formed in the center of the first face gear; the second end face gear (9) is sleeved on the pressure lever (5) through a central rectangular through hole and can be meshed with the first end face gear (8); the thrust bearing (10) is sleeved on the pressure lever (5) and fixed with the inner wall of the other end of the drill bit (3).
Preferably, in the step (4), the specification of wide-and-narrow-row planting is as follows: the large row spacing is 80-100cm, the small row spacing is 30-40cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, and 3100-3800 plants are transplanted per mu.
Preferably, in the step (5), 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 30-40kg of slow-release fertilizer are applied to the ditches per mu, the soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied, the seedlings are transplanted for 3-5 days, and the seedlings are sprayed for 1-2 times by dissolving 3-5kg of urea and adding water when the seedlings are green. The slow and controlled release fertilizer is purchased on the market.
Preferably, in the step (6), the controlling of the diseases, pests and weeds specifically comprises: after being transplanted in a field, spraying 4000 times of solution of 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder to prevent and control stem rot; spraying 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to prevent and treat large and small blotches at the later stage; 3000 times of 3.2 percent abamectin missible oil is sprayed in the whole growth period, or 300 to 400 grams of fine sand is added into each mu of the corn when the corn is flared, the mixture is uniformly stirred, and then the mixture is spread into the core leaves, so that the corn borers and the aphids are prevented and treated.
Preferably, in the step (9), the optimal harvest time of the sweet corn is 18-25 days after silking pollination of the female ear; the best harvesting period of the waxy corn is 20-25 days after silking pollination of the female ear.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention starts from the practical production, combines the agricultural tool improvement with the agricultural technology improvement, uses the no-tillage hole-digging planting tool to dig the planting holes in the early autumn harvest rice field, and then directly transplants the corn seedlings into the planting holes, thereby realizing the no-tillage transplantation of fresh corn in the early autumn harvest rice field without tillage and reducing the labor intensity; the digging planting can save the links of digging a plough and ditching for planting in a autumn harvesting paddy field, avoids the problems of great damage to the soil structure of a farmland plough layer, great water evaporation of the farmland and serious water and soil loss in the traditional ploughing operation, and also solves the problems of idle farmland and desertification caused by lack of green and strong labor force in the current rural areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a hole puncher for no-tillage seedling transplanting of fresh corn according to the invention.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1-shell, 2-pedal, 3-drill, 4-drill tip, 5-pressure rod, 6-handle, 7-spring, 8-first end face gear, 9-second end face gear, 10-thrust bearing and 11-thrust plate.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the invention, with the understanding that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a no-tillage hole-making planting tool includes: the device comprises a shell 1, a pedal 2, a drill bit 3, a drill tip 4, a pressure rod 5, a handle 6, a spring 7, a first face gear 8, a second face gear 9, a thrust bearing 10 and a thrust plate 11; the shell 1 is tubular, and two pedals 2 are symmetrically arranged at one end of the shell; the drill bit 3 is sleeved in the shell 1, one end of the drill bit is provided with a conical drill tip 4, the size of the drill tip is consistent with that of a common seedling tray hole, and the drill bit can be changed into a corresponding type according to seedling trays of different specifications; the pressure lever 5 is a twisted lever with a rectangular section, one end of the pressure lever is symmetrically provided with two handles 6, and the other end of the pressure lever is provided with a thrust plate 11 which can move up and down along the axial lead of the shell 1; the power conversion and transmission mechanism is used for converting the pressure generated by the up-and-down movement of the pressure lever 5 into a torsion force surrounding the axial lead of the shell 1 and transmitting the torsion force to the drill bit 3 for rotary movement; the spring 7 is sleeved on the compression bar 5 and positioned between the drill bit 3 and the other end of the shell 1, and is used for pressing the drill bit 3 to the ground.
Further, the power conversion transmission mechanism includes: a first face gear 8, a second face gear 9 and a thrust bearing 10; the first face gear 8 is fixed on the inner wall of the drill bit 3, and a circular through hole which can allow the compression bar 5 to pass through is arranged in the center of the first face gear, but the through hole cannot allow the thrust plate 11 to pass through; the second end face gear 9 is sleeved on the pressure lever 5 through a central rectangular through hole, and the two gears can be meshed with each other; the thrust bearing 10 is sleeved on the pressure lever 5 and fixed with the inner wall of the other end of the drill bit 3, when the second end face gear 9 is pulled upwards, one face of the second end face gear, which is back to the chain wheel, is contacted with the thrust bearing 10, and the second end face gear 9 is limited by the thrust bearing 10 to continuously rise; when the pressure lever 5 is lifted, the upward pulling force is converted into the torsion of the second end face gear 9, so that the second end face gear 9 and the thrust bearing 10 rotate together; the first face gear 8 and the second face gear 9 are both in right-angled triangle tooth shapes, and only one-way transmission can be realized.
When the no-tillage hole-digging planting tool is used, the no-tillage hole-digging planting tool is placed perpendicular to the ground, the pedal 2 is stepped on by two feet, the spring 7 is compressed at the moment, and the drill bit 3 is pressed to the ground. The handle 6 is gripped by two hands, pressure is applied to the pressure lever 5 downwards, the first end face gear 8 is meshed with the second end face gear 9, when the pressure lever 5 moves downwards, the pressure generated when the lever portion moves downwards is converted into the torsional force and the downward meshing pressure of the second end face gear 9 through the spiral structure of the pressure lever, and therefore the second end face gear 9 is enabled to be attached to the first end face gear 8 and rotate together; since the first face gear 8 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 3, the drill bit 3 rotates together and applies pressure to the ground to drill the ground. After the whole press rod is pressed down for the first time, if the punching depth is not enough, the press rod 5 can be lifted, and then secondary punching is carried out; when the pressure lever 5 is lifted, the second end face gear 9 is driven to move upwards together, when the second end face gear 9 rises to be in contact with the thrust bearing 10, the second end face gear 9 is limited and stops rising continuously, but the pressure lever 5 continues rising, and at the moment, the rising tensile force of the pressure lever 5 can be converted into the upward pressure of the second end face gear 9 and the torsion in the circumferential direction; wherein the upward pressure is transmitted exclusively to the drill bit 3 through the thrust bearing 10, causing it to have a tendency to move upwards, but to disappear due to the pressing action of the spring 7; the circumferential torsion is consumed by the rotation of the thrust bearing 10; the pressure lever 5 continues to rise until the thrust plate 11 is limited by the first end face gear 8 and then stops rising, and a lifting process is finished; and then repeating the previous step to perform secondary punching.
The no-tillage hole-digging planting tool converts the up-and-down motion of the pressure rod 5 into the drilling action of the drill bit 3 by the power conversion transmission mechanism consisting of the pressure rod 5 and the end face gears with the right triangle tooth shapes, thereby realizing the no-tillage planting of fresh corn in a paddy field with hard soil; and through the reasonable arrangement design that the pedals 2 are stepped on and pressed by the two feet and the handles 6 are tightly held by the two hands to exert force, the operating personnel can exert force more easily, and the physical consumption is reduced.
Example 2
The no-tillage hole digging planting method for fresh corn in autumn rice field comprises the following steps: in 2016, a 100-mu test field planted in Ling-county Ling-field, a demonstration site, is further described.
1. The specification of the seedling tray for seedling culture is selected to be 54mm of orifice diameter and 52mm of hole depth, and the specification is matched with the conical shape and size of the no-tillage hole digging planting tool, so that the aim of no-tillage planting is fulfilled.
2. And 7, 28 days to 8 days and 4 days after the early season rice is harvested, selecting field blocks after the early season rice is harvested, and spraying 200 g of 50% atrazine wettable powder and 30kg of water per mu to control regenerated seedlings and field weeds.
3. Seedling raising in a seedling raising tray: selecting 45kg of sweet corn variety Guixing seeds with the growth period of 70-85d in autumn for rice planting from 8 months and 4 days to 8 months and 11 days, neatly placing a seedling tray on a flat compartment surface, placing the prepared nutrient soil into a tray, and placing the tray to 2/3 disc hole heights for sowing; soaking seeds for 4 hours, wrapping the seeds with wet cloth after the seeds are imbibed and swelled, accelerating germination at normal temperature, sowing the white germs, and facilitating early seedling emergence and full seedlings; watering the seedling raising tray filled with the nutrient soil thoroughly before sowing to wet the seedbed thoroughly, sowing a robust germinating seed in each hole, covering the seedling raising tray with the nutrient soil, leveling, sprinkling enough water, and covering the seedling raising tray with a sunshade net to prevent sunlight and preserve moisture; and (3) uncovering the sunshade net in time after seedling emergence to promote seedling growth, properly watering, keeping the seedbed moist, stopping watering two days before transplanting to promote squat seedlings, and managing seedling culture: and (3) uncovering the sunshade net in time after seedling emergence to promote seedling growth, properly watering, keeping the seedbed moist, and stopping watering two days before transplanting to promote squat seedlings.
4. And (3) field treatment: drainage ditches are dug at the periphery and the middle of the field block in a cross manner, so that convenience in drainage and irrigation is facilitated. If the field is dry before transplantation, the water can be poured into the field for 1 time, and the hole is punched for transplantation after the water naturally falls dry.
5. 8, 13 days to 8, 20 days, the soil in the field is wet, and holes can be directly punched; determining the plant-row spacing for field planting of the corn by using a standard rope and a sowing ruler, and punching planting holes by using the no-tillage hole-punching planting tool in the embodiment 1; a wide-narrow row planting mode is adopted, and the planting specification is as follows: the large row spacing is 0.9m, the small row spacing is 0.4m, and 3600 plants are determined per mu.
6. Transplanting in 8 months and 21 days in 8 months and 14 days, wherein the size of the corn seedlings is 3 leaves and 1 heart; when transplanting, the healthy corn seedlings are selected for transplanting, the corn seedlings are gently taken out from the seedling culture plate and directly placed into the planted holes, lightly compacted by hands, and then the rooting water is poured sufficiently.
7. Opening a small ditch in the middle of the small row, applying base fertilizer, applying 1200kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 35kg of slow-release fertilizer in each mu of ditch, and covering soil after applying the fertilizer; 5 days after transplanting, when the seedlings are green, 4kg of urea is dissolved and mixed with water for spraying and applying for 2 times per mu, and the growth of the seedlings is promoted.
8. After transplanting in a field, after 24 days in 8 months to 31 days in 8 months, diluting 3000 times of solution with water according to 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder with 25 g/mu of drug to prevent and control stem rot; 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder with the dosage of 152 g/mu is used, and 600 times of solution is diluted by water for spraying to prevent and treat large and small spots; and 4, 9 months and 14 days to 9 months and 21 days, wherein 350g of the bacillus thuringiensis granules with 2000 IU/mg per mu are uniformly mixed with fine sand and then spread in the heart leaves to prevent and control the corn borers and the aphids when the bellmouth is large.
9. Collected 23d after silking and pollination of the female ears, 31 days after 10 months to 11 months and 7 days after pollination.
Comparative example 1
The local traditional planting method comprises the following steps: in 2016, 10 mu of test field planted in Lingchuan county Lingzan field in demonstration place is compared with the no-tillage hole-digging planting method of fresh corn in autumn rice field
1. And (3) field treatment: and selecting field blocks of early rice after harvesting, spraying 200 g of 50% atrazine wettable powder and 30kg of water per mu to prevent the growth of regeneration seedlings and weeds.
2. Digging a plough: ploughing in 8 months and 1 day, wherein the depth is 10cm, raking till the ground is flat, digging drainage ditches, and digging the drainage ditches at the periphery and the middle of the field block in a cross manner to facilitate drainage and irrigation.
3. Seedling raising in a seedling raising tray: 4 days after 8 months, selecting a good variety of sweet corn variety Guixing seeds with the growth period of 70-85 days in autumn for rice planting, placing a seedling tray on a flat compartment surface in order, placing the prepared nutrient soil in a tray until the height of the tray hole is 2/3, and preparing for sowing; soaking seeds for 4 hours, wrapping the seeds with wet cloth after the seeds are imbibed and swelled, accelerating germination at normal temperature, sowing the white germs, and facilitating early seedling emergence and full seedlings; watering the seedling raising tray filled with the nutrient soil thoroughly before sowing to wet the seedbed thoroughly, sowing a robust germinating seed in each hole, covering the seedling raising tray with the nutrient soil, leveling, sprinkling enough water, and covering the seedling raising tray with a sunshade net to prevent sunlight and preserve moisture; and (3) uncovering the sunshade net in time after seedling emergence to promote seedling growth, properly watering, keeping the seedbed moist, stopping watering two days before transplanting to promote squat seedlings, and managing seedling culture: and (3) uncovering the sunshade net in time after seedling emergence to promote seedling growth, properly watering, keeping the seedbed moist, and stopping watering two days before transplanting to promote squat seedlings.
4. Transplanting: and (3) after 8 months and 14 days, planting furrows are formed in the plowed field blocks, the row spacing is 0.7m, 1200kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 25kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are applied to each mu of furrows, soil is covered after fertilization, corn seedlings are transplanted at the edges of the furrows, and the transplanting density is 3600 plants/mu.
5. Topdressing: and 8, 28 days in 8 months, 15kg of urea is applied per mu in combination with intertillage and hilling.
6. 8, 25 days in 8 months, diluting 3000 times of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder with 25 g/mu of pesticide by water, and spraying to prevent and control stem rot; 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder with the dosage of 152 g/mu is used, and 600 times of solution is diluted by water for spraying to prevent and treat large and small spots; and on 16 days after 9 months, 350g of bacillus thuringiensis granules with the concentration of 2000 IU/mg is added with fine sand and evenly stirred per mu when the diameter is large, and then the mixture is scattered into the heart leaves to prevent and control the corn borers and the aphids.
7. Collected 23d after silking and pollination of the female ears and 31 days after 10 months.
Example 2
The no-tillage hole digging planting method for fresh corn in autumn rice field comprises the following steps: 56 mu of test field crops planted in the wide-port of the wild goose mountainous area in the demonstration place in 2017.
1. The specification of the seedling tray for seedling culture is selected to be 53mm in orifice diameter and 50mm in hole depth, and the specification is matched with the conical shape and size of the no-tillage hole digging planting tool, so that the aim of no-tillage planting is fulfilled.
2. And 7, 30 days after 7 months, selecting field blocks after harvesting the early rice, and spraying 200 g of 50% atrazine wettable powder and 30kg of water per mu to prevent the growth of regeneration seedlings and weeds.
3. Seedling raising in a seedling raising tray: selecting 25.2kg of good varieties of corn varieties, namely Guixing seeds, with the growth period of 70-85d in autumn in rice planting for 8 months and 6 days, neatly placing a seedling tray on a flat compartment surface, placing the prepared nutrient soil into a tray, and placing the tray to 2/3 disc hole heights for sowing; soaking seeds for 4 hours, wrapping the seeds with wet cloth after the seeds are imbibed and swelled, accelerating germination at normal temperature, sowing the white germs, and facilitating early seedling emergence and full seedlings; watering the seedling raising tray filled with the nutrient soil thoroughly before sowing to wet the seedbed thoroughly, sowing a robust germinating seed in each hole, covering the seedling raising tray with the nutrient soil, leveling, sprinkling enough water, and covering the seedling raising tray with a sunshade net to prevent sunlight and preserve moisture; and (3) uncovering the sunshade net in time after seedling emergence to promote seedling growth, properly watering, keeping the seedbed moist, stopping watering two days before transplanting to promote squat seedlings, and managing seedling culture: and (3) uncovering the sunshade net in time after seedling emergence to promote seedling growth, properly watering, keeping the seedbed moist, and stopping watering two days before transplanting to promote squat seedlings.
4. And (3) field treatment: drainage ditches are dug at the periphery and the middle of the field block in a cross manner, so that convenience in drainage and irrigation is facilitated. And 4, 8 months and 14 days, and irrigating horse race water once in the field.
5. Planting holes: in 8 months and 15 days, the running horse water naturally falls dry, and the soil is wet; determining the plant-row spacing of the corn field planting by using a standard rope and a sowing ruler, and punching planting holes by using a no-tillage hole-punching planting tool; wide and narrow row planting, the planting specification is: the large row spacing is 1.0m, the small row spacing is 0.4m, and the number of plants per mu is 3200.
6. Transplanting in 16 days after 8 months, wherein the size of the corn seedling is 3 leaves and 1 heart; when transplanting, the healthy corn seedlings are selected for transplanting, the corn seedlings are gently taken out from the seedling culture plate and directly placed into the planted holes, lightly compacted by hands, and then the rooting water is poured sufficiently.
7. Opening a small ditch in the middle of the small row, applying base fertilizer, applying 120kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 32kg of slow-release fertilizer in each mu of ditch, covering soil after applying the fertilizer, and transplanting for 5 days; when the seedlings are green, 3kg of urea is dissolved and added with water for spraying and applying for 2 times per mu, so that the growth of the seedlings in the seedling stage is promoted.
8. After transplanting in a field, after 8 months and 26 days, spraying 3000 times of solution diluted by water according to the application of 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder with 25 g/mu of the pesticide to prevent and control stem rot; 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder with the dosage of 152 g/mu is used, and 600 times of solution is diluted by water for spraying to prevent and treat large and small spots; and on 16 days after 9 months, 350g of bacillus thuringiensis granules with the concentration of 2000 IU/mg is added with fine sand and evenly stirred per mu when the diameter is large, and then the mixture is scattered into the heart leaves to prevent and control the corn borers and the aphids.
9. Collected 24d after silking and pollination of the female ears and 1 day after 11 months.
Comparative example 2
The local traditional planting method comprises the following steps: 6 mu of test field planted in the wide-mouthed wild goose mountainous area in the demonstration place in 2017 is compared with the no-tillage hole-digging planting method of fresh corn in autumn rice field
1. And (3) field treatment: and 7, 30 days after 7 months, selecting field blocks of early rice after harvesting, and spraying 200 g of 50% atrazine wettable powder and 30kg of water per mu to prevent the growth of regeneration seedlings and weeds.
2. Digging a plough: and 8, 8 months and 8 days, ploughing and harrowing, leveling the ground, and digging drainage ditches around the field and in the middle of the field in a cross manner, so that the convenience of drainage and irrigation is facilitated.
3. Sowing and fertilizing: and (3) after 8 months and 10 days, opening fertilizing ditches by using a small agricultural machine, wherein the distance between the two ditches is 1.4m, applying 1208kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 30kg of compound fertilizer in each mu of ditch, and covering soil after applying the fertilizer. Digging small holes at two sides of the fertilizing ditch by using a small hoe, putting 2 corn seeds, covering fine soil, and sowing 3200 holes per mu, wherein the row spacing of the corn at two sides of one ditch is 0.4 m.
4. Final singling and topdressing: and 4, thinning the seedlings properly for 8 months and 19 days, and reserving 1 strong seedling in each hole. 15kg of urea is applied to each mu in combination with intertillage ridging.
5. For 2 days after 9 months, diluting 3000 times of agricultural streptomycin soluble powder with 25 g/mu of pesticide by water and spraying to prevent and control stem rot; 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder with the dosage of 152 g/mu is used, and 600 times of solution is diluted by water for spraying to prevent and treat large and small spots; and on 23 days after 9 months, 350g of bacillus thuringiensis granules with the concentration of 2000 IU/mg is added with fine sand and evenly stirred per mu when the bellmouth is large, and then the mixture is scattered into the heart leaves to prevent and control the corn borers and the aphids.
6. Collected 24d after silking and pollination of the female ears, 8 days after 11 months.
Relevant data for the above planting method is collected in the following table
As can be seen from the above table, the no-tillage hole-digging planting method has higher yield than the traditional planting method. Meanwhile, the no-tillage technology can save links of plowing and ditching for planting, 3 workers are saved per mu, the labor cost is 80 yuan/day/person, and the cost is saved by 240 yuan; the selling price is calculated according to the average unit price of 3 yuan/kg in recent years, the average increase of the yield per mu is 83.2 kg, and the income can be increased by 249.6 yuan.
In conclusion, the method for planting the fresh corn in the autumn rice field in the non-tillage hole-digging way realizes the non-tillage transplanting of the fresh corn in the rice field which is not ploughed. The no-tillage technology can save links of digging plough and ditching planting, avoids digging pit, sowing, fertilizing and filling soil in the traditional tillage operation, can reduce production investment to a great extent, reduces labor intensity, improves the quality of fresh corn and increases the economic benefit of corn planting.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A no-tillage hole-digging planting method for fresh corn in autumn rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) corn seedling cultivation: selecting autumn corn seeds suitable for autumn planting, soaking the corn seeds for germination, filtering water, and sowing the corn seeds into a seedling tray after germs appear white; the diameter of the opening of a seedling hole of the seedling raising tray is 45-55mm, and the hole depth is 40-52 cm;
before sowing, watering the seedling tray filled with nutrient soil thoroughly to wet the seedbed, sowing one robust germinating seed in each hole, covering with nutrient soil, leveling, sprinkling enough water, and covering with a sunshade net to prevent sunlight and preserve moisture; uncovering the sunshade net and watering in time after seedling emergence to keep the seedbed moist, and stopping watering two days before transplanting to promote squat seedlings;
(2) and (3) field treatment: selecting field with early rice as the previous crop, and treating weeds in the field by using a herbicide;
(3) and (4) planting a hole: using a no-tillage hole-digging planting tool to dig out a planting hole for planting; the no-tillage hole-digging planting tool comprises:
the pedal device comprises a shell, a handle and a pedal, wherein the shell is tubular, and one end of the shell is provided with a pedal;
the drill bit is sleeved in the shell, and one end of the drill bit is provided with a conical drill point;
a pressing rod, one end of which is provided with a handle, and the pressing rod can move up and down along the axial lead of the shell;
the power conversion and transmission mechanism is used for converting the pressure generated by the up-and-down movement of the pressure lever into a torsion force surrounding the axial lead of the shell and transmitting the torsion force to the drill bit for rotary movement;
the size of a drill bit of the no-tillage hole-digging planting tool is matched with the size of a seedling hole of the seedling tray;
the power conversion transmission mechanism includes: a first face gear, a second face gear and a thrust bearing; the first face gear is fixed with the inner side wall of the drill bit, and a circular through hole through which the pressing rod can pass is formed in the center of the first face gear; the second end face gear is sleeved on the pressure rod through a central rectangular through hole and can be meshed with the first end face gear; the thrust bearing is sleeved on the pressure lever and fixed with the inner wall of the other end of the drill bit;
(4) transplanting: selecting corn seedlings with the size of 2 leaves and 1 heart or 3 leaves and 1 heart to transplant into the planting holes; transplanting the corn seedlings according to a wide-narrow row planting mode;
(5) fertilizer management: after transplanting, ditching in the middle of a small row spacing, applying decomposed farmyard manure and slow-controlled release fertilizer in the row ditches, and covering soil after applying fertilizer; applying urea or compound fertilizer when the seedlings are green-turned;
(6) controlling diseases, pests and weeds: intertillage weeding and comprehensive pest control; the pest and weed control specifically comprises: after being transplanted in a field, spraying 4000 times of solution of 72 percent agricultural streptomycin soluble powder to prevent and control stem rot; spraying 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to prevent and treat large and small blotches at the later stage; 3000 times of liquid of 3.2 percent abamectin missible oil is sprayed in the whole growth period, or 300-400 g of fine sand is added into each mu of bacillus thuringiensis granules when the corns open large bellmouths, and the mixture is uniformly stirred and then is spread in the heart leaves, so that the corn borers and the aphids are prevented and treated;
(7) harvesting in due time: harvesting the mature corns in time within 9-11 months.
2. The no-tillage hole-digging planting method for fresh-eating corn in autumn rice fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the corn seeds are selected from good varieties with a growth period of 70-85 d.
3. The no-tillage hole-digging planting method for fresh-eating corn in autumn rice field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the specifications of wide-narrow row planting are as follows: the large row spacing is 80-100cm, the small row spacing is 30-40cm, the plant spacing is 25-30cm, and 3100-3800 plants are transplanted per mu.
4. The no-tillage hole-digging planting method for fresh corn in autumn rice field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), 1000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 30-40kg of slow-release fertilizer are applied in each mu of furrow, the field is covered after the fertilizer is applied, the field is transplanted for 3-5 days, and the field is applied 1-2 times by dissolving urea and adding water in each mu of field when the seedlings are green.
5. The no-tillage hole-digging planting method for fresh-eating corn in autumn paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (9), the optimal harvest time of the sweet corn is 18-25 days after silking and pollination of the female ear; the best harvesting period of the waxy corn is 20-25 days after silking pollination of the female ear.
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