CN105766305A - Oilseed rape cultivation method - Google Patents
Oilseed rape cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766305A CN105766305A CN201610146220.4A CN201610146220A CN105766305A CN 105766305 A CN105766305 A CN 105766305A CN 201610146220 A CN201610146220 A CN 201610146220A CN 105766305 A CN105766305 A CN 105766305A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of oilseed rape planting, and provides an oilseed rape cultivation method.The method comprises the step of rotary tillage stubble cleaning performed in a non-tillage farmland, the step of fertilizer application and the step of seed sowing.In the step of rotary tillage stubble cleaning, the rotary tillage depth is 16-18 cm, the rotating speed of a rotary cultivator is smaller than or equal to 600 r/s, and the rotary tillage stubble cleaning step, the fertilizer application step and the seed sowing step are performed at the same time; due to the fact that the rotary tillage depth is 16-18 cm, the rotary tillage depth is just located above a traditional deep tillage layer, and oilseed rape seeds embedded underground in the last year or even multiple years before can be embedded underground for a long time; accordingly secondary faces caused by deep tillage are reduced.Due to the fact that the rotating speed of the rotary cultivator is smaller than or equal to 600 r/s, field straw and weed on the surface of the ground are broken, the seedling effect caused by straw or weed is reduced, meanwhile, the compost speed of straw and weed in the field is improved, and waste materials are recycled as soon as possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rapeseed cultivation technical field, in particular to a kind of rape cultivation
Method.
Background technology
China's rapeseed cultivation area and total output all occupy first place in the world, and rapeseed oil accounts for China and eats
More than half of oil, it is seen that Rape-seed production occupies phase in China's oil seed production and people's lives
Work as consequence.And China's rape faces the problem of sternness, main table in evolution
Mechanization degree is low now, thus causes oil agriculture plantation enthusiasm to fall sharply, rapeseed cultivation area
It is degradation trend with yield.
In recent years, along with the tackling key problem of the country each expert of Rape industry system, China's rape is
Preliminarily form the integrated application at Yangtze river basin rape machinery technique for sowing and planting.And north spring rape
District moves northward battle position as China's rape, at present throughout the year plantation rapeseed area 8,000,000 mu with
On, wherein Gansu Province's spring rape and winter rape area more than 200 ten thousand mu, and spring rape mainly collects
In in Minyue County of our province Zhangye Prefecture, Shandan County and morningstar lily army horse-breeding farm, Tianzhu, Wuwei Prefecture,
Hezheng County, state, Linxia and long-pending tor, state, Gannan;Winter rape is concentrated mainly on Zhengning, Qingyang Prefecture
County and some areas, Tianshui, these rapeseed cultivation districts are all due to by its soil morphology, life
The restriction of the factors such as state weather, kind, existing Yangtze river basin rape machinery technique for sowing and planting is in north
Side's spring rape is directly applied and be there is the most serious problem.
Carrying out north spring rape mechanical planting technology is to solve China's edible oil quantity delivered and eat
The necessary ways of oil safety.China is third place in the world big oil seed production state, in recent years, because of oil
Material productivity effect on the low side, peasant planting enthusiasm decline, the whole nation oil plant cultivated area persistently under
Sliding, low yield not before, domestic edible vegetable oil production-demand gap constantly expands.To this end, state
Wu Yuan general office has put into effect in 2007 about the suggestion promoting oil seed production development.Suggestion from
Give full play to the enthusiasm for production of peasant, promote that the angle that oil seed production recovers rapidly development goes out
Send out, put into effect a series of policies and measures.
2007, the situation of domestic and international Vegetable oil market there occurs great variety.By world's energy
The impact that source price sharp rises, under the pulling that bioenergy demand quickly increases, balance
Relation changes.Meanwhile, the soybean main product state such as the U.S., China yield is less than normal level,
There are the market that rise suddenly and sharply in vegetable oil price both at home and abroad.Owing to the 60% of domestic vegetable oil demand depends on
Meeting by import, domestic Vegetable oil market the most merges with international market
Together.Because China cannot break away from the shade that soybean needs import to be brought.China is annual
45000000 tons of Soybean demands have 30,000,000 tons to depend on international market, occupy the whole world 6000
The 50% of ten thousand tons of soybean trade total amounts, the rise of ternational grain price is mainly by soybean shadow
Ring to domestic.
Due to developing rapidly of population growth, living standard raising and aquaculture, China plants
The consumption figure of the oily and feeding grouts of thing increases substantially.
In recent years, China's vegetable oil consumption figure increases by 600,000 tons every year on average, wherein rapeseed oil
Consumption figure account for 1/3rd of vegetable oil consumption figure, produce need particularly thorny, cause oil plant or
The rise of a large amount of import price of vegetable oil.Foreign capitals are just come with preparation, and press forward steadily, the first step
Having knocked soybean down, second step is intended to knock rape down.China's edible oil degree of self-sufficiency only 40% at present.
Fu Ting academician thinks, " degree of self-sufficiency is the safest more than 60% ".It addition, China's feed
Grouts breach is huge, up to 38,000,000 tons.Development oil seed production is imperative, develops rape
Produce one of optimal path being to increase vegetable oil and feed supply.
But China to be developed Rape-seed production potentiality, increase its yield, it is necessary for from source solving
The trend that certainly rapeseed cultivation area falls sharply, this just requires the tillage and cultivation that we face the most now
Technological improvement.Suitable one's respective area is all being studied in various degree by the outer rapeseed cultivation district of Current Domestic
The technology such as rape machine sowing, but rapeseed cultivation is affected by factors such as kind, soil, weathers,
Machine sowing, facility just there is different requirements.China's Yangtze river basin rape is before 2007
The mode having been used up manually transplanting is carried out, and it is greatest drawback that this transplanting is taken a lot of work, and also leads
Cause the principal element that Yangtze river basin rapeseed area falls sharply.In recent years, China's rape production mechanization
The expert of research direction, has succeeded in developing in the Yangtze river basin and has adapted to the facility that the Yangtze river basin is live.
And spring rape district, the north is as the battle position in country's rape future, the stay-at-home work in rural area
Power today less and less, it is badly in need of a kind of rape essence amount associating no-tillage and direct-seeding technology, to change
The enthusiasm of north spring rape growing area oil agriculture, thus reverse the rape kind drastically fallen sharply at present
Plant area, to ensure China's yield of rape.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of rape cultivation method, this rape cultivation method
There is the secondary seedling of minimizing occur, promote the advantages such as rape root prosperity.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
A kind of rape cultivation method, is included in rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step, the trench digging carried out no-tillagely
Step, fertilising step and sowing step, in rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 16-18cm,
The rotating speed of rotary cultivator be less than or equal to 600 revolutions per seconds, rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step, trench digging step, execute
Fertile step and sowing step synchronize to carry out.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that the rotary tillage degree of depth is 16-18cm,
This degree of depth is located exactly at tradition deep plough level (20cm) above, and this is conducive to the year before last, buries many years ago
Rapeseed length in underground is embedded in underground, thus reduces the secondary dough caused because ploughing deeply.Secondary
The main producing cause of dough is: First Year normally produces and time dough is after falling to the ground,
After autumn or the beginning of spring, deep ploughing soil, causes its Second Year buried in underground, and buried first
While year seed, with being embedded in the rapeseed of underground before in the soil that deep ploughing is turned over, from
And cause secondary seedling vicious circle.On the one hand carry out rotary tillage stubble-cleaning prior to seeding is to dig to loosen the soil,
On the other hand it is stubble-cleaning, owing to rotary cultivator rotating speed is within 600 revolutions per seconds, the field on top layer, ground
Between stalk and weeds realize granulation, thus reduce the impact of emerging caused because of stalk or weeds,
Improve stalk and the weeds speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed in field so that it is turn waste into wealth as early as possible simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, with
Lower the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art will be briefly described.
Fig. 1 is the early stage process in embodiment 1, rotary tillage stubble-cleaning, apply fertilizer, sow and
The generalized section on no-tillage ground after suppression step.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but this
Skilled person is it will be appreciated that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not regard
For limiting the scope of the present invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, according to normal condition
Or the condition of manufacturer's suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or instrument unreceipted production firm person, all
For the conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
The rape cultivation method that the present embodiment provides, is included in the rotary tillage stubble-cleaning carried out no-tillagely
Step, fertilising step and sowing step, in rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 16-18cm,
The rotating speed of rotary cultivator is less than or equal to 600 revolutions per seconds, rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step, fertilising step and broadcasting
Plant step to synchronize to carry out.
Spring rape district, the north, due to maturation temperature step-down harvest time, causes rape during results to fall
Seed cannot germinate in time, when next year ploughs in the spring, produces district's frost-free period shorter, generally exists and robs
Time lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil sowing, this just makes the fall rape of seed rape and normal sowing of prior year germinate simultaneously,
But owing to the seed rape that falls occurs that trait segregation is degenerated, inclined morning in maturity period, cause north spring oil
Vegetable-growing area secondary rape vicious circle, and the method for the present invention can make seed rape to be ploughed deeply in soil
Depths, make seed dormancy in soil, prolongation over time and rot, thus reduce secondary
Rape emergence rate.
The present invention changes rapeseed cultivation district ecological environment in a sense.Spring rape district, the north
After general results, burn middle aheap for its stalk, in order to next year, plantation was convenient.And apply
This technology, need not its crop straw burning after rape harvest, only need to be picked up by its diseased plant etc.
In addition, remaining stalk can directly deposit in field.Before sowing, crushed stalk is embedded in underground
As base manure.
As preferably, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 17-18cm.
As preferably, the rotating speed of rotary cultivator is 500-600 revolutions per second.
As preferably, it is additionally included in before surviving the winter or after the beginning of spring to no-tillage the irrigation step carried out,
Irrigate step to carry out before rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step.
As preferably, described fertilising step is: first no-tillage open base manure ditch, base manure described
The degree of depth of ditch is 8-12cm, and the spacing of base manure ditch is 20-30cm, then at described base manure ditch
Bottom of trench basal dressing, then with soil, described base manure ditch is filled and covers described base manure.
Additionally, base manure preferably employs the special slow-release or control-release fertilizer of rape.
As preferably, described sowing step is: plantation is opened in the position corresponding at described base manure ditch
Ditch, the degree of depth of plantation ditch is 3-5cm.
2BQF-6 type rape essence amount combined drill can be used to sow, and this seeder is certainly
The air suction type metering system of band, when plough is ditched, seeding system works simultaneously so that it is
Seed is fallen plough by seeding system one and is embedded in figure.
Base manure is positioned at below rape kind, it is possible to reduce the base manure impact on Brassica Napus Seedling, at oil
When dish root development is to the base manure degree of depth, provide long-acting nutritional labeling for it.Decrease tradition
Broadcast sowing the base manure ground caused and float grain, improve the utilization rate of base manure.
Because it is deeper than rape kind that base manure buries, so during operation, first basal dressing is sowed again.Execute
It is required for ditching when base manure and sowing, it usually needs trench digging the most for the first time, ditches for the first time
The degree of depth of the degree of depth and basal dressing is consistent, then basal dressing in the ditch opened for the first time, then uses
Base manure is covered by soil, and then at the soil above layer second time trench digging of base manure, second time is opened
The degree of depth of ditch less than first trench digging, second time trench digging ditch inner room every sow rape kind,
Rape kind is covered after sowing end by rape kind with soil.
As preferably, also including suppressing step after sowing step, suppression step is at rape
The top soil layer planted applies the pressure of 40-60kg.
Owing to spring rape district, north spring arid is short of rain, and wind is big, easily causes soil moisture
Drain evaporation, so main management is kept a full stand of seedings way after soil moisture conservation has just become rape seed.This
Just require after rape seed, it is suppressed, but suppression can not be overweight, if overweight meeting is led
Cause immature Brassica campestris L seedling to fracture when top soil, thus reduce its effective emergence rate;The most not
Can be too light, the effect that too gently preserves soil moisture is poor, can affect rape Phase ofsprouting.
North spring rape is without bedder-planter, so after Zhen Ya, no-tillage the earth's surface is substantially
Smooth.
As preferably, after suppression step, also include final-period management step, final-period management step
For: after rape is emerged, use the cis-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole of guarantor or oily joyous-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole to carry out
Weeding;When rape buddings just flower, the leaf seedling of rape is carried out sprayed boric fertilizer and sky Xi Baoye
Leaven.
Use this herbicide can reduce labor cost.
As preferably, by percentage to the quality, the active ingredient protecting cis-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole includes
Picloram 5.7% and clopyralid 22.9%, the active ingredient of oily joyous-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole
Including picloram 6% and clopyralid 24%.
If in the prevention suitably carrying out insect pest between season in drought high temperature year.
Furthermore, it is necessary to explanation, when using combined drill sowing, rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step,
Step of applying fertilizer (trench digging for the first time), sowing step (second time is ditched) and suppression step are almost
Complete simultaneously.
Embodiment 1
The rape cultivation method that the present embodiment provides is carried out successively according to following steps:
(1) early stage process: to autumn prior year gather in the crops after field from which wheat has been reaped, rape stub land and
His crop plot, carries out no-tillage management when surviving the winter.Carry out no-tillage management at rape stub land to have
Help indivedual landing oil vegetable seed germinate, reduce the secondary seedling of rape.Before surviving the winter or after the beginning of spring
Directly carry out the irrigation on no-tillage ground, contribute to soil moisture conservation.
(2) rotary tillage stubble-cleaning: after irrigated land or ice and snow dissolve before surviving the winter, after the beginning of spring, is broadcasting
Before Zhong, carrying out rotary tillage to no-tillage in time, its rotary tillage severity control turns at 16cm, rotary cultivator
Speed is 300 revolutions per seconds.
(3) ditch for the first time: use 2BQF-6 type rape essence amount combined drill, machine
Fabric width is 2 meters, and every width arranges 8 ploughs, and line width is 25cm, and ditching depth is at soil
Top layer 5cm.
(4) fertilising: use the special slow-release or control-release fertilizer of rape, will fertilising during combined sowing
The device degree of depth is transferred at degree of depth 10cm, is then filled and led up by the ditch opened for the first time with soil.
The most both can reduce the base manure impact on Brassica Napus Seedling, the most beneficially base manure is positioned at soil
The same degree of depth, when rape root development to the base manure degree of depth, provides long-acting nutrition to become for it
Point.This technology is possible not only to make the base manure same degree of depth located underground, decreases tradition simultaneously and spreads
Broadcast the base manure ground caused and float grain, improve the utilization rate of base manure.
(5) second time trench digging: during second time trench digging, carry out in the surface of base manure, second
The spacing of secondary trench digging is with the most the same, and ditching depth is 5cm for the second time.
(6) sowing: sowing and second time trench digging are carried out the most simultaneously, use 2BQF-6 type
The air suction type metering system that rape essence amount combined drill carries, at plough second time trench digging
Time, metering system works simultaneously so that it is seed falls trench digging by metering system one
In device, suitably adjust plough ditching depth according to soil soil property situation, make rape seed cover
Cover at overhead 5cm.
(7) suppression: soil layer applies the pressure of 40kg above rape kind.Suppression is favourable
Run off in soil water evaporation, be conducive to soil moisture conservation.Suppression can not be overweight, if overweight meeting is led
Cause immature Brassica campestris L seedling to fracture when top soil, thus reduce its effective emergence rate;The most not
Can be too light, the effect that too gently preserves soil moisture is poor, can affect rape Phase ofsprouting.
(8) final-period management: after rape is emerged, processes weeds in field in time, adopts
With protecting cis-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole (total active ingredient 28.6%, wherein picloram 5.7%, two
Chloropyridine acid 22.9%) carry out weeding.When rape buddings just flower, its leaf seedling is sprayed
Execute boron fertilizer and precious foliage fertilizer (illustratively standardized amount sprays) of being bestowed by heaven.If in arid
The prevention of insect pest is suitably carried out between season in high temperature year short of rain.Other management are with common land for growing field crops.
Through early stage process, rotary tillage stubble-cleaning, ditch, apply fertilizer, sow and suppress after, exempt from
The profile ploughed is as it is shown in figure 1, the degree of depth on no-tillage ground 100 is about 20cm, no-tillage
The lower section on ground 100 is deep plough level 400.And base manure 400 is positioned at the lower section of rape kind 300.
Ditching depth is substantially in the position of base manure 400 for the first time, after throwing in base manure 400, uses soil
Base manure 400 is covered, at the soil above of base manure 400, then before sowing, carries out second time
Trench digging, the degree of depth of second time trench digging, substantially in the position at rape kind 300 place, throws in rape
And ditch is filled and led up the covering of rape kind, then to the soil above rape kind with soil after planting 300
Earth is suppressed.
Embodiment 2
The rape cultivation method that the present embodiment provides is carried out successively according to following steps:
(1) early stage process: to autumn prior year gather in the crops after field from which wheat has been reaped, rape stub land and
His crop plot, carries out no-tillage management when surviving the winter.Carry out no-tillage management at rape stub land to have
Help indivedual landing oil vegetable seed germinate, reduce the secondary seedling of rape.Before surviving the winter or after the beginning of spring
Directly carry out the irrigation on no-tillage ground, contribute to soil moisture conservation.
(2) rotary tillage stubble-cleaning: after irrigated land or ice and snow dissolve before surviving the winter, after the beginning of spring, is broadcasting
Before Zhong, carrying out rotary tillage to no-tillage in time, its rotary tillage severity control turns at 16cm, rotary cultivator
Speed is 400 revolutions per seconds.
(3) ditch for the first time: use 2BQF-6 type rape essence amount combined drill, machine
Fabric width is 2 meters, and every width arranges 8 ploughs, and line width is 25cm, and ditching depth is at soil
Top layer 3cm.
(4) fertilising: use the special slow-release or control-release fertilizer of rape, will fertilising during combined sowing
The device degree of depth is transferred at degree of depth 8cm, is then filled and led up by the ditch opened for the first time with soil.This
Sample both can reduce the base manure impact on Brassica Napus Seedling, the most beneficially base manure and be positioned at soil together
One degree of depth, when rape root development to the base manure degree of depth, provides long-acting nutritional labeling for it.
This technology is possible not only to make the base manure same degree of depth located underground, decreases tradition simultaneously and broadcasts sowing and make
Float grain on the base manure ground become, and improves the utilization rate of base manure.
(5) second time trench digging: during second time trench digging, carry out in the surface of base manure, second
The spacing of secondary trench digging is with the most the same, and ditching depth is 3cm for the second time.
(6) sowing: sowing and second time trench digging are carried out the most simultaneously, use 2BQF-6 type
The air suction type metering system that rape essence amount combined drill carries, at plough second time trench digging
Time, metering system works simultaneously so that it is seed falls trench digging by metering system one
In device, suitably adjust plough ditching depth according to soil soil property situation, make rape seed cover
Cover at overhead 3cm.
(7) suppression: soil layer applies the pressure of 40kg above rape kind.Suppression is favourable
Run off in soil water evaporation, be conducive to soil moisture conservation.Suppression can not be overweight, if overweight meeting is led
Cause immature Brassica campestris L seedling to fracture when top soil, thus reduce its effective emergence rate;The most not
Can be too light, the effect that too gently preserves soil moisture is poor, can affect rape Phase ofsprouting.
(8) final-period management: after rape is emerged, processes weeds in field in time, adopts
With protecting cis-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole (total active ingredient 28.6%, wherein picloram 5.7%, two
Chloropyridine acid 22.9%) carry out weeding.When rape buddings just flower, its leaf seedling is sprayed
Execute boron fertilizer and precious foliage fertilizer (illustratively standardized amount sprays) of being bestowed by heaven.If in arid
The prevention of insect pest is suitably carried out between season in high temperature year short of rain.Other management are with common land for growing field crops.
Embodiment 3
The rape cultivation method that the present embodiment provides is carried out successively according to following steps:
(1) early stage process: to autumn prior year gather in the crops after field from which wheat has been reaped, rape stub land and
His crop plot, carries out no-tillage management when surviving the winter.Carry out no-tillage management at rape stub land to have
Help indivedual landing oil vegetable seed germinate, reduce the secondary seedling of rape.Before surviving the winter or after the beginning of spring
Directly carry out the irrigation on no-tillage ground, contribute to soil moisture conservation.
(2) rotary tillage stubble-cleaning: after irrigated land or ice and snow dissolve before surviving the winter, after the beginning of spring, is broadcasting
Before Zhong, carrying out rotary tillage to no-tillage in time, its rotary tillage severity control turns at 17cm, rotary cultivator
Speed is 450 revolutions per seconds.
(3) ditch for the first time: use 2BQF-6 type rape essence amount combined drill, machine
Fabric width is 2 meters, and every width arranges 8 ploughs, and line width is 25cm, and ditching depth is at soil
Top layer 3cm.
(4) fertilising: use the special slow-release or control-release fertilizer of rape, will fertilising during combined sowing
The device degree of depth is transferred at degree of depth 9cm, is then filled and led up by the ditch opened for the first time with soil.This
Sample both can reduce the base manure impact on Brassica Napus Seedling, the most beneficially base manure and be positioned at soil together
One degree of depth, when rape root development to the base manure degree of depth, provides long-acting nutritional labeling for it.
This technology is possible not only to make the base manure same degree of depth located underground, decreases tradition simultaneously and broadcasts sowing and make
Float grain on the base manure ground become, and improves the utilization rate of base manure.
(5) second time trench digging: during second time trench digging, carry out in the surface of base manure, second
The spacing of secondary trench digging is with the most the same, and ditching depth is 3cm for the second time.
(6) sowing: sowing and second time trench digging are carried out the most simultaneously, use 2BQF-6 type
The air suction type metering system that rape essence amount combined drill carries, at plough second time trench digging
Time, metering system works simultaneously so that it is seed falls trench digging by metering system one
In device, suitably adjust plough ditching depth according to soil soil property situation, make rape seed cover
Cover at overhead 3cm.
(7) suppression: soil layer applies the pressure of 45kg above rape kind.Suppression is favourable
Run off in soil water evaporation, be conducive to soil moisture conservation.Suppression can not be overweight, if overweight meeting is led
Cause immature Brassica campestris L seedling to fracture when top soil, thus reduce its effective emergence rate;The most not
Can be too light, the effect that too gently preserves soil moisture is poor, can affect rape Phase ofsprouting.
(8) final-period management: after rape is emerged, processes weeds in field in time, adopts
With protecting cis-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole (total active ingredient 28.6%, wherein picloram 5.7%, two
Chloropyridine acid 22.9%) carry out weeding.When rape buddings just flower, its leaf seedling is sprayed
Execute boron fertilizer and precious foliage fertilizer (illustratively standardized amount sprays) of being bestowed by heaven.If in arid
The prevention of insect pest is suitably carried out between season in high temperature year short of rain.Other management are with common land for growing field crops.
Embodiment 4
The rape cultivation method that the present embodiment provides is carried out successively according to following steps:
(1) early stage process: to autumn prior year gather in the crops after field from which wheat has been reaped, rape stub land and
His crop plot, carries out no-tillage management when surviving the winter.Carry out no-tillage management at rape stub land to have
Help indivedual landing oil vegetable seed germinate, reduce the secondary seedling of rape.Before surviving the winter or after the beginning of spring
Directly carry out the irrigation on no-tillage ground, contribute to soil moisture conservation.
(2) rotary tillage stubble-cleaning: after irrigated land or ice and snow dissolve before surviving the winter, after the beginning of spring, is broadcasting
Before Zhong, carrying out rotary tillage to no-tillage in time, its rotary tillage severity control turns at 17cm, rotary cultivator
Speed is 500 revolutions per seconds.
(3) ditch for the first time: use 2BQF-6 type rape essence amount combined drill, machine
Fabric width is 2 meters, and every width arranges 8 ploughs, and line width is 25cm, and ditching depth is at soil
Top layer 4cm.
(4) fertilising: use the special slow-release or control-release fertilizer of rape, will fertilising during combined sowing
The device degree of depth is transferred at degree of depth 10cm, is then filled and led up by the ditch opened for the first time with soil.
The most both can reduce the base manure impact on Brassica Napus Seedling, the most beneficially base manure is positioned at soil
The same degree of depth, when rape root development to the base manure degree of depth, provides long-acting nutrition to become for it
Point.This technology is possible not only to make the base manure same degree of depth located underground, decreases tradition simultaneously and spreads
Broadcast the base manure ground caused and float grain, improve the utilization rate of base manure.
(5) second time trench digging: during second time trench digging, carry out in the surface of base manure, second
The spacing of secondary trench digging is with the most the same, and ditching depth is 4cm for the second time.
(6) sowing: sowing and second time trench digging are carried out the most simultaneously, use 2BQF-6 type
The air suction type metering system that rape essence amount combined drill carries, at plough second time trench digging
Time, metering system works simultaneously so that it is seed falls trench digging by metering system one
In device, suitably adjust plough ditching depth according to soil soil property situation, make rape seed cover
Cover at overhead 4cm.
(7) suppression: soil layer applies the pressure of 50kg above rape kind.Suppression is favourable
Run off in soil water evaporation, be conducive to soil moisture conservation.Suppression can not be overweight, if overweight meeting is led
Cause immature Brassica campestris L seedling to fracture when top soil, thus reduce its effective emergence rate;The most not
Can be too light, the effect that too gently preserves soil moisture is poor, can affect rape Phase ofsprouting.
(8) final-period management: after rape is emerged, processes weeds in field in time, adopts
With protecting cis-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole (total active ingredient 28.6%, wherein picloram 5.7%, two
Chloropyridine acid 22.9%) or oily joyous-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole (total active ingredient 30, wherein ammonia chlorine
Pyridine acid 6%, clopyralid 24%) carry out weeding.When rape buddings just flower, right
Its leaf seedling carries out sprayed boric fertilizer and precious foliage fertilizer (illustratively standardized amount sprays) of being bestowed by heaven.
If in the prevention suitably carrying out insect pest between season in drought high temperature year.Other management are with general
Logical land for growing field crops.
Embodiment 5
The rape cultivation method that the present embodiment provides is carried out successively according to following steps:
(1) early stage process: to autumn prior year gather in the crops after field from which wheat has been reaped, rape stub land and
His crop plot, carries out no-tillage management when surviving the winter.Carry out no-tillage management at rape stub land to have
Help indivedual landing oil vegetable seed germinate, reduce the secondary seedling of rape.Before surviving the winter or after the beginning of spring
Directly carry out the irrigation on no-tillage ground, contribute to soil moisture conservation.
(2) rotary tillage stubble-cleaning: after irrigated land or ice and snow dissolve before surviving the winter, after the beginning of spring, is broadcasting
Before Zhong, carrying out rotary tillage to no-tillage in time, its rotary tillage severity control turns at 18cm, rotary cultivator
Speed is 550 revolutions per seconds.
(3) ditch for the first time: use 2BQF-6 type rape essence amount combined drill, machine
Fabric width is 2 meters, and every width arranges 8 ploughs, and line width is 25cm, and ditching depth is at soil
Top layer 4cm.
(4) fertilising: use the special slow-release or control-release fertilizer of rape, will fertilising during combined sowing
The device degree of depth is transferred at degree of depth 11cm, is then filled and led up by the ditch opened for the first time with soil.
The most both can reduce the base manure impact on Brassica Napus Seedling, the most beneficially base manure is positioned at soil
The same degree of depth, when rape root development to the base manure degree of depth, provides long-acting nutrition to become for it
Point.This technology is possible not only to make the base manure same degree of depth located underground, decreases tradition simultaneously and spreads
Broadcast the base manure ground caused and float grain, improve the utilization rate of base manure.
(5) second time trench digging: during second time trench digging, carry out in the surface of base manure, second
The spacing of secondary trench digging is with the most the same, and ditching depth is 5cm for the second time.
(6) sowing: sowing and second time trench digging are carried out the most simultaneously, use 2BQF-6 type
The air suction type metering system that rape essence amount combined drill carries, at plough second time trench digging
Time, metering system works simultaneously so that it is seed falls trench digging by metering system one
In device, suitably adjust plough ditching depth according to soil soil property situation, make rape seed cover
Cover at overhead 5cm.
(7) suppression: soil layer applies the pressure of 55kg above rape kind.Suppression is favourable
Run off in soil water evaporation, be conducive to soil moisture conservation.Suppression can not be overweight, if overweight meeting is led
Cause immature Brassica campestris L seedling to fracture when top soil, thus reduce its effective emergence rate;The most not
Can be too light, the effect that too gently preserves soil moisture is poor, can affect rape Phase ofsprouting.
(8) final-period management: after rape is emerged, processes weeds in field in time, adopts
With protecting cis-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole (total active ingredient 28.6%, wherein picloram 5.7%, two
Chloropyridine acid 22.9%) carry out weeding.When rape buddings just flower, its leaf seedling is sprayed
Execute boron fertilizer and precious foliage fertilizer (illustratively standardized amount sprays) of being bestowed by heaven.If in arid
The prevention of insect pest is suitably carried out between season in high temperature year short of rain.Other management are with common land for growing field crops.
Embodiment 6
The rape cultivation method that the present embodiment provides is carried out successively according to following steps:
(1) early stage process: to autumn prior year gather in the crops after field from which wheat has been reaped, rape stub land and
His crop plot, carries out no-tillage management when surviving the winter.Carry out no-tillage management at rape stub land to have
Help indivedual landing oil vegetable seed germinate, reduce the secondary seedling of rape.Before surviving the winter or after the beginning of spring
Directly carry out the irrigation on no-tillage ground, contribute to soil moisture conservation.
(2) rotary tillage stubble-cleaning: after irrigated land or ice and snow dissolve before surviving the winter, after the beginning of spring, is broadcasting
Before Zhong, carrying out rotary tillage to no-tillage in time, its rotary tillage severity control turns at 18cm, rotary cultivator
Speed is 600 revolutions per seconds.
(3) ditch for the first time: use 2BQF-6 type rape essence amount combined drill, machine
Fabric width is 2 meters, and every width arranges 8 ploughs, and line width is 25cm, and ditching depth is at soil
Top layer 5cm.
(4) fertilising: use the special slow-release or control-release fertilizer of rape, will fertilising during combined sowing
The device degree of depth is transferred at degree of depth 12cm, is then filled and led up by the ditch opened for the first time with soil.
The most both can reduce the base manure impact on Brassica Napus Seedling, the most beneficially base manure is positioned at soil
The same degree of depth, when rape root development to the base manure degree of depth, provides long-acting nutrition to become for it
Point.This technology is possible not only to make the base manure same degree of depth located underground, decreases tradition simultaneously and spreads
Broadcast the base manure ground caused and float grain, improve the utilization rate of base manure.
(5) second time trench digging: during second time trench digging, carry out in the surface of base manure, second
The spacing of secondary trench digging is with the most the same, and ditching depth is 5cm for the second time.
(6) sowing: sowing and second time trench digging are carried out the most simultaneously, use 2BQF-6 type
The air suction type metering system that rape essence amount combined drill carries, at plough second time trench digging
Time, metering system works simultaneously so that it is seed falls trench digging by metering system one
In device, suitably adjust plough ditching depth according to soil soil property situation, make rape seed cover
Cover at overhead 5cm.
(7) suppression: soil layer applies the pressure of 60kg above rape kind.Suppression is favourable
Run off in soil water evaporation, be conducive to soil moisture conservation.Suppression can not be overweight, if overweight meeting is led
Cause immature Brassica campestris L seedling to fracture when top soil, thus reduce its effective emergence rate;The most not
Can be too light, the effect that too gently preserves soil moisture is poor, can affect rape Phase ofsprouting.
(8) final-period management: after rape is emerged, processes weeds in field in time, adopts
With oil joyous-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole (total active ingredient 30, wherein picloram 6%, dichloro pyrrole
Pyridine acid 24%) carry out weeding.When rape buddings just flower, its leaf seedling is carried out sprayed boric fertilizer
With precious foliage fertilizer (illustratively standardized amount sprays) of being bestowed by heaven.High if in drought
The prevention of insect pest is suitably carried out between Wen Nianji.Other management are with common land for growing field crops.
Reference examples 1
Only the step (2) of embodiment 5 is adjusted, is specifically adjusted to: to before surviving the winter,
After irrigated land or ice and snow dissolve after the beginning of spring, prior to seeding, carry out rotary tillage to no-tillage in time,
Its rotary tillage severity control is at 12cm, and rotary cultivator rotating speed is 500 revolutions per seconds.
Reference examples 2
Only the step (2) of embodiment 5 is adjusted, is specifically adjusted to: to before surviving the winter,
After irrigated land or ice and snow dissolve after the beginning of spring, prior to seeding, carry out rotary tillage to no-tillage in time,
Its rotary tillage severity control is at 17cm, and rotary cultivator rotating speed is 800 revolutions per seconds.
Reference examples 3
Only the step (5) of embodiment 5 is adjusted, fertilization depth is adjusted to 6cm.
Experimental example
Experiment place: the Southern Pass, Guzhen village forever of Zhangye Minyue County (mark off 9 pieces of area equation,
The test block that natural conditions are suitable, the area of single test block is 0.3 mu).
Experiment rape variety: sunlight 88.
The machine used during test: the 2BQF-6 type that Wuhan Huang He agricultural machinery Co., Ltd produces
Rape essence amount combined drill.
Each test block arranges one group of laboratory technician to test respectively simultaneously.
At the beginning of 2015 4 months, respectively according to method corresponding to each embodiment and reference examples to exempting from
Arable land processes.
On April 15th, 2015, respectively according to the method that each embodiment and reference examples are corresponding
Carry out rotary tillage stubble-cleaning, ditch, apply fertilizer, sow and suppress.
On May 1st, 2015, the rape of each test block all starts to germinate.
On September 3rd, 2015, the rape of each test block is gathered.
Add up mu sowing quantity, germination percentage and the per mu yield of each test block.Wherein, mu weight
Amount refers to the weight of the rape kind every mu needed after conversion, and germination percentage refers to germinate
The quantity of rape kind account for the percentage of total rape kind, per mu yield refers to after conversion every
The weight of the rapeseed that mu ground produces.
Each embodiment of table 1. and the mu sowing quantity of reference examples, germination percentage and per mu yield statistics
As it can be seen from table 1 the germination percentage of embodiment is apparently higher than reference examples, and implement
The yield of example is also apparently higher than reference examples.
Embodiment 1-9 has been selected preferably parameter, be finally reached mu sowing quantity relatively low,
The effect that germination percentage is high and per mu yield is high.Existing commonsense method mu sowing quantity is more than 0.6kg.
In embodiment 1-9, rotary tillage appropriate depth, it is placed exactly in the top of deep plough level, and
Effectively reduce the generation of secondary seedling;Rotary cultivator speed is suitable, is conducive to making loosing soil,
Be conducive to being beneficial to storage moisture in the soil water conservation, promote that rape root is flourishing;The most elite applicable north
The basal dressing degree of depth and the rape kind degree of depth;The above parameter is interrelated.
The line-spacing of embodiment 1-3 is relatively small, and the rape quantity planted in theory is than other
Embodiment is many, but actual production is not as other embodiments.Main cause among these is real
Executing shallower and rotary cultivator the rotating speed of the rotary tillage degree of depth in example 1-3 less, rotary tillage depth as shallow is comfortable
Soil is few, and occurs the probability of secondary seedling relatively large, can affect germination percentage and yield,
Additionally the rotating speed of rotary cultivator is less can affect the crushing effect to soil, and then can affect soil
Gas permeability and water-retaining property, eventually affect germination percentage and yield.
Comparatively speaking, parameters all have chosen preferred values to embodiment 4-6, so finally sending out
Bud rate and yield all reach higher level, average specific prior art every mu volume increase 20kg.
In comparative example 2, rotary cultivator rotating speed is excessive, have impact on the gas permeability of soil and water-retaining property,
And then affect the germination of rape kind, also affect the yield of rape.
In comparative example 3, the degree of depth of basal dressing is the most shallow, causes part rape kind to germinate,
Even if the buds are coming out for rape kind, the part root system of rape there occurs rotten, and growing way is the best, yield
Relatively low.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but it will be appreciated that
May be made that without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention many other change and
Amendment.It is, therefore, intended that include in the following claims belonging in the scope of the invention
All such changes and modifications.
Claims (10)
1. a rape cultivation method, be included in carry out no-tillagely rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step, execute
Fertile step and sowing step, it is characterised in that in described rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step, the rotary tillage degree of depth
For 16-18cm, the rotating speed of rotary cultivator is less than or equal to 600 revolutions per seconds, and described rotary tillage stubble-cleaning walks
Suddenly, described fertilising step and described sowing step synchronize to carry out.
Rape cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described rotation
Tilling depth degree is 17-18cm.
Rape cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described rotation
The rotating speed of the machine of ploughing is 500-600 revolutions per second.
Rape cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include
To no-tillage the irrigation step carried out before surviving the winter or after the beginning of spring, described irrigation step is described
Carry out before rotary tillage stubble-cleaning step.
Rape cultivation method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described in execute
Fertile step is: first no-tillage opening base manure ditch described, the degree of depth of base manure ditch is 8-12cm, base
The spacing of fertile ditch is 20-30cm, then at the bottom of trench basal dressing of described base manure ditch, then with native
Described base manure ditch is filled and covers described base manure by earth.
Rape cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in broadcast
Planting step is: open plantation ditch in the position that described base manure ditch is corresponding, and the degree of depth of plantation ditch is
3-5cm。
Rape cultivation method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described oil
It is spaced apart 20-30cm between colza.
Rape cultivation method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described in broadcast
Also including after planting step suppressing step, described suppression step is above described rape kind
Soil layer applies the pressure of 40-60kg.
Rape cultivation method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described town
Also include that final-period management step, described final-period management step are after pressure step: go out at rape
Miao Hou, uses the cis-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole of guarantor or oily joyous-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole to carry out weeding;At rape
At the beginning of buddingging during flower, the leaf seedling of rape is carried out sprayed boric fertilizer and sky tin treasured foliage fertilizer.
Rape cultivation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that with matter
Amount percentages, the active ingredient of described guarantor cis-ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole includes picloram 5.7%
With clopyralid 22.9%, described oil is joyous-and the active ingredient of ammonia chlorine dichloro pyrrole includes ammonia chlorine pyrrole
Pyridine acid 6% and clopyralid 24%.
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CN107624559A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-26 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | A kind of method that non-tillage field broadcasts sowing rape |
CN108934260A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-12-07 | 华中农业大学 | A method of yield of rape and lodging resistance are improved using suitable soil ploughed depth simultaneously |
CN109673424A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-26 | 成都大美种业有限责任公司 | A kind of plateau rape efficient cultivation method |
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