CN107278567A - The implantation methods of teasel natural cultivation - Google Patents
The implantation methods of teasel natural cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107278567A CN107278567A CN201710533543.3A CN201710533543A CN107278567A CN 107278567 A CN107278567 A CN 107278567A CN 201710533543 A CN201710533543 A CN 201710533543A CN 107278567 A CN107278567 A CN 107278567A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention provides the implantation methods of teasel natural cultivation, the implantation methods grow characteristic and requirement to ecological environment according to teasel, in line with making full use of resource, under conditions of its primary border or similar primary border, artificial increase population quantity, a kind of Producing medicinal herbs mode for utilizing and keeping population balance can be harvested for people by reaching its stock number.Specifically, the present invention be 3 April by teasel seed broadcasting in its primary border or similar primary border, pass through child care measure increase population quantity.The mode of natural cultivation is taken, the ecosystem quality and security of medicinal material are ensure that to greatest extent；The wasteland utilization rate such as grassy marshland under effective increase sylvan life, bushes.The wild stocks density of medicinal plant teasel is effectively improved, forest land development difficulty is reduced, protects the stability in habitat; and input cost is extremely low; the production value of harvest is improved, per mu yield value falls into disuse net 2,500 3500 yuan of per mu yield economic value up to 3,000 4000 yuan compared with soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine field of planting, in particular to the implantation methods of teasel natural cultivation.
Background technology
Teasel (Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry) is Dipsacaceae (Dipsacaceae) Dipsacus
(Dipsacus Linn.) herbaceos perennial, is commonly called as pentanucleotide repeats, also known as trailing plants seven, shaven head, chervil etc., is used as medicine with root,
An edition Chinese Pharmacopoeia is gone through to record.
《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》The Chinese medicine teasel root (Radirdispsaci) of (2015 editions) records is the drying of teasel plant
Rhizome.Teasel root bitter, sweet, pungent, tepor, containing triterpene saponin, alkaloids, volatile oil and iridoid isoreactivity into
Point, with filling liver kidney, strengthening the bones and muscles continues injured, only the effects such as uterine bleeding, is gained the name because of energy " continuous folding synthetism ", is traumatology and gynaecology
Conventional Chinese medicine, is also the primary raw material of the Chinese patent drugs such as powder for fracture and trauma, Dieda Wan, dahuoluo pills.
Teasel is herbaceos perennial, relatively likes the environment of nice and cool moistening, cold-resistant to avoid high temperature, is born in suitable height above sea level
More than 800m mountain area plantation, optimum height above sea level is 1000-2400m, and height above sea level 1800m-2900m also can normal growth.Teasel
It is to have compared with sun plant, but in seedling stage under appropriate dark conditions, grows more in great numbers.
Teasel requires not tight to the wide adaptation range of soil to soil, but good with irrigation and drainage, retain water and nutrients power is relatively strong,
Soil layer is deep, it is loose it is fertile, containing humus is abundant, acid-base reaction is preferred in neutral sand or loam plantation.
Due to long-term irrational excavation wild resource, wild resource is caused to face exhaustion, current teasel medicinal material is with people
Based on work post is planted.During teasel artificial growth, in order to improve yield, medicinal herb grower often uses substantial amounts of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer,
This not only adds planting cost, it is often more important that causes considerable influence to medical material quanlity, causes quality decline.
And Yunnan Province mountain region area accounts for the whole province's area more than 80%, the gradient is larger, and afforestation rate is high, sylvan life Root Distribution
Deep and broad, it is larger to transform arable land cost input as, and easily causes soil erosion, is not consistent with existing national multi-line regression model,
Cause the waste in soil.
To improve land utilization ratio, the natural cultivation cultivation for carrying out teasel is a kind of very suitable mode, and exploitation river continues
The new method of disconnected natural cultivation cultivation, the land utilization ratio that can not only be improved, and also cost input is low, while compared to people
For work post is planted, primary border cultivation can also ensure the quality and security of medicinal material to greatest extent.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of teasel natural cultivation, and methods described fully can
Effectively using barren hill soil, effective utilization of land resource is realized；Meanwhile, follow-up field need not be carried out in implantation methods of the present invention
Between manage, so that the production cost of teasel can not only be effectively reduced, while can also ensure that the primary quality of teasel, and
The wild resource reserves of teasel can be improved, the long-term purpose for harvesting and utilizing is reached.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy uses following technical scheme：
Implantation methods described in a kind of implantation methods of teasel natural cultivation comprise the following steps：
(a) planting area is chosen：
Select soil permeability good permeability, the content of organic matter higher, and be unsuitable for the barren hill of other crops or medicinal material plantation
Area；
It is preferred that, the waste hillside band is the primary border or the primary border of class that suitable teasel grows；
(b) sow：
Planting area soil is dug into pine, seed is sowed in the soil after plane pine, seed is then covered with soil；
It is preferred that, the time of sowing is in mid-March to late April；
(c) final-period management：
After the completion of sowing, planting area is closed；
(d) reserve seed for planting：
In the stage of development of teasel, without any field management；After after seed maturity, making its free-falling, carry out
Self seed；
(e) harvest：
The planting area of open closing, is harvested；
It is preferred that, the time of the harvesting is the January in the December to the 4th year of after planting the 3rd year.
Optionally, in implantation methods of the present invention, waste hillside band described in step (a) is the sylvan life of barren hill, bushes
Under, or grassy marshland region.
Optionally, in implantation methods of the present invention, the consumption of seed is 2~3Kg/ mus in step (b).
Optionally, in implantation methods of the present invention, it may further include in step (b) before sowing to teasel seed
The step of being handled.
Optionally, processing is carried out to teasel seed in implantation methods of the present invention, before the sowing includes following step
Suddenly：After teasel seed-soaking, with 0.3~0.5% seed dressing of 50% carbendazim according to seed quality, then sowed.
Optionally, in implantation methods of the present invention, seed soaking solution used is the aqueous solution dissolved with gibberellin and auxin.
Optionally, in implantation methods of the present invention, in the solution mass concentration of gibberellin be 0.005~
0.02%；The mass concentration of auxin is 0.005~0.02%；It is preferred that, the mass concentration of gibberellin is in the solution
0.001~0.015%；The mass concentration of auxin is 0.001~0.015%.
Optionally, in implantation methods of the present invention, the concentration ratio of the gibberellin and auxin is (1:3)~(3:1).
Optionally, in implantation methods of the present invention, the temperature of the seed soaking is 15~45 DEG C；It is preferred that, the seed soaking
Temperature be 20~30 DEG C.
Optionally, in implantation methods of the present invention, the time of the seed soaking is 6~18h；It is preferred that, the seed soaking
Time is 8~12h.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) soil that uses of the present invention be the primary border of teasel or many stones etc. should not carry out other crop-plantings wasteland,
Sylvan life hillside fields, it is thus possible to effectively improve the utilization rate in soil；
Meanwhile, the present invention can save the spending of teasel planting cost, plant teasel in big Tanaka, every mu of ground need to put into kind
Sub- 1-2 kilograms, 2 fertilizer need to be applied, it is necessary to carry out tillage and weeding, carry out related prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc.；And in the present invention, after
Input of the phase without management cost, can significantly reduce teasel production cost.
(2) the guarantee teasel medicinal material ecosystem quality of maximum possible of the present invention, in whole teasel growth and development process
Middle holding teasel is carried out under wild state, so as to ensure the original of medicinal material, it is ensured that the security of medicinal material.
(3) harvesting of teasel can improve the income of local resident, after teasel can harvest, and opening is adopted to local resident
Dig, then purchased with 1~2 yuan/Kg price, each adult can dig 100Kg daily, income can reach 100~200 yuan.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be briefly described.
Fig. 1 is planting site environment looks in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is planting site environment looks in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is planting site environment looks in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is planting site environment looks in embodiment 1；
Fig. 5 grows wild teasel by planting site in embodiment 1；
Fig. 6 grows wild teasel by planting site in embodiment 1；
Fig. 7 fosters the growing state of Second Year after culture for teasel in embodiment 1；
Fig. 8 fosters the growing state of the 3rd year after culture for teasel in embodiment 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.It is unreceipted specific in embodiment
Condition person, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, be
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
In view of at present artificial growth teasel it is existing the need for take a large amount of arable lands, field management need into
Row fertilising and the medicinal material safety issue such as brought residues of pesticides of spraying insecticide, are comforted the invention provides a kind of teasel is wild
The implantation methods educated, can not only save the area, and ensure that the raw material natural sex and security of teasel, improve medicine
Quality；
Specifically, the inventive method comprises the following steps：
(a) planting area is chosen：
In the present invention, planting area, which is preferably, is suitable to primary border or the primary border of class that teasel grows, and in this original
Planted in raw ecological environment, can also meet the characteristic of growing of teasel, and meet its requirement for ecological environment,
Be conducive to the seed of teasel to sprout, germinate and grow, and ensure that the ecosystem quality of medicinal material；
Further, growing area should select soil permeability good permeability, the content of organic matter higher, and be unsuitable for other crops
Or the waste hillside band (gradient of barren hill can be 15~45 °) of medicinal material plantation, the more preferably sylvan life of waste hillside band, bushes
Under, or the region such as grassy marshland region；It is further preferred that growing area can be regard the waste hillside band for having wild teasel growth as
Domain, so as to also improve the teasel population density in the region so that it can reach the standard realized and harvested throughout the year；
Such waste hillside band can not plant other crops or medicinal material, and carry out soil remediation and be also easy to cause water and soil stream
Lose, thus these soils fall into disuse mostly mostly, and unrealized make full use of；And in the present invention, with this soil often fallen into disuse
Ground carries out the plantation of teasel, the utilization rate of increasingly rare land resource can not only be effectively improved, while can also play
Good soil conservation effect；
(b) sow：
Planting area soil is dug into pine, in order to avoid the destruction for barren hill vegetation, thus the artificial side of preferred use
Method, pine is dug using instruments such as hoes by the soil of sowing；Then, seed is sowed in the soil after plane pine；Finally, with soil
Cover seed, it is preferred that can use broom that the soil dug out is covered on seed；
It is preferred that, the time of sowing is in mid-March to late April；The application rate in every mu of soil can control 2~
3Kg/ mus；
Further, in order to improve the germination rate of teasel seed, seed soaking, leaching can be carried out to seed prior to seeding
The step of planting processing is with reference to as follows：
By the immersion of teasel seed dissolved with the aqueous solution of gibberellin and auxin, and soak seed 6~18h, during which, solution
Temperature is maintained at 15~45 DEG C；
After seed soaking, with 0.3~0.5% seed dressing of 50% carbendazim according to seed quality, then sowed；
(c) final-period management：
After the completion of sowing, planting area is closed, it is preferred that the method that breeding of sealing a mountain pass can be used；And in sowing
The enclosed management in region is carried out afterwards, can also be prevented in the recovery and propagation process of after planting population, due to artificial or domestic animal
The destruction of poultry is so as to influence the recovery of its population；
(d) reserve seed for planting
In the stage of development of teasel, without any field management；After after seed maturity, making its free-falling, carry out
Self seed；
In implantation methods of the present invention, in the whole growth and development stage of teasel, any field management is not taken (not enter
Row weeding, apply fertilizer or spray insecticide), and this also ensure that teasel grows in natural environment, it is ensured that medicinal material
Original and security；Meanwhile, by Natural Selection, it also can effectively ensure that the medicine quality of teasel；
In Second Year after planting and the 7-9 months of the 3rd year, teasel, which can bloom, to be born seeds, after seed maturity, can be certainly
By falling, carry out nature reseed and sow so that teasel plant group can health, effectively, and naturally increase and
Continue；
(e) harvest
It is preferred that, the time of the harvesting is the January in the December to the 4th year of after planting the 3rd year, it is possible to open
The planting area of closing, is harvested；
Due to not carrying out any field management, thus, implantation methods of the present invention need the experience time of 3 years can
Reach the standard of harvesting；
Likewise, because the barren hill gradient is larger, and also to avoid mechanical harvesting from preparing the destruction of layer, institute for barren hill
Harvested with the present invention by the way of artificial；
The local or surrounding masses can be encouraged to be harvested, then purchased with reasonable prices, this can also be improved
The income of the local masses, this not only contributes to help the mountain area masses to shake off poverty, it is also possible that the periphery masses more positive, active
In teasel growth period, effective closing and protection is carried out to planting area；Can also more importantly it make the masses more preferable
Recognize where society and the economic implications of protection land resource environment, achieve many things at one stroke.
Embodiment 1
Chinese medicine plantation company, which is built, as figure will is located at Dali Bai Autonomous prefecture, Yunnan Jianchuan County Xiang Tu townshiies, the plantation company
The plantation of this method is carried out, selected base height above sea level is 2400-2820m, planting site environment looks such as Fig. 1-4 institutes in the region
Show；
From geomorphologic map shown in Fig. 1-4, the planting area is under shaw and many stone barren hills, the gradient in whole region
Greatly, soil layer is thin, and stony naked leakage earth's surface, such soil is unfavorable for the plantation of other high economic value crops, and the ground is carried out
Transformation, cost is too high, easily causes soil erosion the problems such as due to the gradient, lets go unchecked and causes land wastage；Meanwhile, by scheming
Shown in 5 and Fig. 6, the region internal memory is in wild teasel resource, but aggregate resource amount is smaller, and the region possesses teasel growth
Connate, is especially suitable for the natural cultivation of teasel.
The plantation of teasel natural cultivation is carried out as follows：
A. sowing time：Mid-March-late April sowing；
B. application rate：Teasel sowing grain weight is 2-3Kg/ mus；
Before sowing, first by the immersion of teasel seed dissolved with the aqueous solution of gibberellin and auxin, gibberellin in solution
Mass concentration is 0.015%, and the mass concentration of auxin is 0.015%；Soak seed 12h, and during which the temperature of solution is maintained at 25 DEG C；
After seed soaking, with 0.5% seed dressing of 50% carbendazim according to seed quality, then sowed；
C. type of seeding:Method for sowing is taken to be sowed
1. pine is dug with sowing with hoe；
2. directly by seed broadcasting in the soil after plane pine；
3. gently being swept with broom after broadcasting sowing makes soil covering seed；
The field management of teasel and reserving seed for planting is reseeded:In its whole development growth growth course, applied during except sowing
A certain amount of composite fertilizer does not use fertilizer as base manure, other growth and development stages, and also carrying out pest and disease damage without using agricultural chemicals prevents
Control；
There are multiple villager's accumulation points near the base, the local common people make a living to plant, supporting has ox and a large amount of flock of sheep, and flock of sheep are more
Based on putting in a suitable place to breed, for such case, the base is mainly taken measures to increase the mountain region gradient, and local villager, which is explained the situation, to be made
The villager that puts sheep out to pasture actively avoids planting site, regularly schedules people's progress patrol and finds that flock of sheep are expelled in time.
The teasel florescence is annual 8-9 month, and seed maturity is the annual 11-12 months, after after seed natural maturity, by it voluntarily
Come off and reseeded；
Teasel fosters the growing state of Second Year and the 3rd year after culture respectively as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, and by Fig. 7 and
Fig. 8 is understood, after child care culture, and the population quantity of teasel increases obvious in the region.
The harvesting of teasel：Under the protectiveness plantation of 3 years, the Resource Density in the region reaches can be long-term for people
Harvesting is utilized, and the open local common people are voluntarily excavated, then are bought back, public using this law teasel per mu yield general 400
Jin dried food and nuts, per mu yield value calculate as 4000 yuan/mu using the prices of 10 yuan/kilogram, and the open locality common people excavate, general one into
Year, people's excavation amount was about 100Kg/ days, and price is 1-2 members/Kg when being bought back, then can have income 100-200 members daily, complete
Whole excavation period there are about 300-600 member incomes, increase helpful to local common people's income.
The plantation of teasel natural cultivation takes full advantage of the soil for being not suitable for carrying out other economical production behaviors, is entirely planting
Need not plough, apply fertilizer during plant, weeding, the field management such as pouring, reduce the cost payout of correlation, comprehensive every mu of net production
Value reaches 2500-3500 members, is a kind of very suitable and potential planting die of tool for topography and geomorphologies such as Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou
Formula.
And the original looks of planting site environment are integrated, the primary teasel growing state of planting site institute, and teasel foster training
Second Year, the growing state of the 3rd year are understood after supporting, primary border or class that the inventive method directly can be grown using teasel
Primary border, and the barren hill mountain forest region of other crops or medicinal material can not be being planted by sowing and plant automatic sowing
Method increases population quantity, so as to realize the purpose that teasel harvests for a long time, will not only destroy original barren hill ecological environment,
The devastated land of barren hill can also be made full use of simultaneously, effective utilization of land resource is realized, further can also increase locality
The income of resident.
The influence of the different seed soaking condition teasel germination percentages of experimental example 1
(1) influence of the Hormone Conditions for teasel germination percentage
The gibberellin aqueous solution that mass concentration is 0.03% is respectively configured；The growth that mass concentration is 0.03% is respectively configured
The plain aqueous solution；Gibberellin mass concentration is 0.015%, and auxin mass concentration is 0.015% mixed aqueous solution；Gibberellin matter
It is 0.01% to measure concentration, and auxin mass concentration is 0.02% mixed aqueous solution；And gibberellin mass concentration is 0.02%,
Auxin mass concentration is 0.01% mixed aqueous solution；
Respectively using as above five kinds of solution as seed soaking solution, and soaked seed 100 according to the methods described of embodiment 1, be designated as experiment
1-5 groups；Meanwhile, with Seed soaking 100, it is used as blank control group；
Then, it is teasel seed is evenly distributed in being lined with the culture dish of double-layer filter paper, and carried out under the conditions of 25 DEG C
It is incubated, observe daily and record germinative number, 15d germinations terminate statistics germination percentage；Every group repeats experiment 5 times, calculates average
Germination percentage, it is as a result as shown in the table：
From Experimental comparison as above, by gibberellin and auxin compound use, teasel seed can be effectively improved
Germination percentage, and this is also beneficial to the recovery and increase of teasel population.
(2) influence of seed soaking time and temperature for teasel germination percentage
Gibberellin mass concentration is 0.015%, and auxin mass concentration is 0.015% mixed aqueous solution；Then, respectively
Soaked seed at different conditions；
Wherein, in experimental group 1, soaking temperature is 15 DEG C, and seed soaking time is 12h；
In experimental group 2, soaking temperature is 35 DEG C, and seed soaking time is 12h；
In experimental group 3, soaking temperature is 25 DEG C, and seed soaking time is 6h；
In experimental group 4, soaking temperature is 25 DEG C, and seed soaking time is 18h；
In experimental group 5, soaking temperature is 25 DEG C, and seed soaking time is 12h；
Each group handles 100 seeds, then, and teasel seed is evenly distributed in the culture dish for being lined with double-layer filter paper
In, and incubated, daily observation and probability germinative number are carried out under the conditions of 25 DEG C, 15d, which germinates, terminates statistics germination percentage；Simultaneously
Seed soaking is not the control group for carrying out germination test for setting；Every group of experiment is repeated 5 times, and calculates average germination percentage；As a result it is as follows
Shown in table：
From correction data as above, seed soaking is carried out according to the method for the invention, river can be effectively improved and continued
Disconnected germination percentage.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but it will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's
Many other changes and modification can be made in the case of spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including belonging to all such changes and modifications in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implantation methods of teasel natural cultivation, it is characterised in that the implantation methods comprise the following steps：
(a) planting area is chosen：
Select soil permeability good permeability, the content of organic matter higher, and be unsuitable for the waste hillside band of other crops or medicinal material plantation；
It is preferred that, the waste hillside band is the primary border or the primary border of class that suitable teasel grows；
(b) sow：
Planting area soil is dug into pine, seed is sowed in the soil after plane pine, seed is then covered with soil；
It is preferred that, the time of sowing is in mid-March to late April；
(c) final-period management：
After the completion of sowing, planting area is closed；
(d) reserve seed for planting
In the stage of development of teasel, without any field management；After after seed maturity, making its free-falling, nature is carried out
Sowing；
(e) harvest
The planting area of open closing, is harvested；
It is preferred that, the time of the harvesting is the January in the December to the 4th year of after planting the 3rd year.
2. implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that waste hillside band described in step (a) is the woods of barren hill
Under, under bushes, or grassy marshland region.
3. implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the consumption of seed is 2~3Kg/ mus in step (b).
4. implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is right before sowing to may further include in step (b)
The step of teasel seed is handled.
5. implantation methods according to claim 4, it is characterised in that processing bag is carried out to teasel seed before the sowing
Include following steps：
After teasel seed-soaking, with 0.3~0.5% seed dressing of 50% carbendazim according to seed quality, then sowed.
6. implantation methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that seed soaking solution used is dissolved with gibberellin and auxin
The aqueous solution.
7. implantation methods according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the mass concentration of gibberellin is in the solution
0.005~0.02%；The mass concentration of auxin is 0.005~0.02%；
It is preferred that, the mass concentration of gibberellin is 0.001~0.015% in the solution；The mass concentration of auxin is 0.001
~0.015%.
8. implantation methods according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the concentration ratio of the gibberellin and auxin is (1:
3)~(3:1).
9. implantation methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the temperature of the seed soaking is 15~45 DEG C；
It is preferred that, the temperature of the seed soaking is 20~30 DEG C.
10. implantation methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the time of the seed soaking is 6~18h；
It is preferred that, the time of the seed soaking is 8~12h.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108260490A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-07-10 | 迪庆香格里拉智海生物科技有限公司 | The implantation methods of double ginsengs |
| CN110881387A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-17 | 云南中烟新材料科技有限公司 | Wild tending method for gentiana pseudolarix |
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