CN103875431B - Storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method - Google Patents
Storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method, belongs to storehouse page rhodiola root and cultivates field.The technical problems such as the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is easy root of hair maize ear rot in storehouse page rhodiola root cultivation mating system process, seeding ratio is low, yield poorly.The page rhodiola root stock breeding of storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief of the present invention 4 years is a production cycle, utilizes seed board to sow, and bed surface covers pine needle and mulch film, the added shade net of bed, instant weeding; Second Year carries out field planting, enriches the farmyard manure of compoiste fertilizer and ferment bacterium process; After results seed, cauline leaf more than ground was sliced off until the 3rd year, carry out the measures such as field seed selection and vegetative propagation; Within 4th year, from the first tenday period of a month in May, outside fertilising, other managed by the 3rd year.The inventive method emergence rate reaches more than 90.5%, and equal more than three times of general planting seed emergence rate, the root rot incidence of disease is below 0.01%, and seed purity reaches 100%, and red-spotted stonecrop salidroside content reaches 0.88%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to page rhodiola root prevalent variety cultivation field, storehouse; Be specifically related to storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method.
Background technology
Storehouse page rhodiola root (Rhodiola sachalinensis), also sachalin rhodiola rhizome is, " the northeast flora " of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang woods soil institute in 1980 writing is named as sachalin rhodiola rhizome, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1984, Chinese Plants will editorial board change sachalin rhodiola rhizome and be decided to be storehouse page rhodiola root in " Chinese Plants will ".For the herbaceos perennial of Crassulaceae (Crassulaceae) rhodiola (Rhodiola).Storehouse page rhodiola root is rare traditional Chinese medicine, the visible traditional Chinese medicine also more rare than ginseng, pilose antler, Cordyceps sinensis, tiger bone and Moschus on the net, China's first medical science ancient books and records Shennong's Herbal, will find that rhodiola root is listed in impressively " top grade in medicine, support life with Ying Tian, nontoxic, take clothes of a specified duration more and do not hurt sb.'s feelings, to make light of one's life by commiting suicide beneficial gas, the effect of always not prolonging life ".Ming Dynasty's Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) Compendium of Material Medica thinks rhodiola root, " herbal classic is top grade, eliminating evil bad odor, and mending various symptims and signs of deficiency is that known tonic institute is rare ".Rhodiola root is called celestial gift grass by Kangxu.Containing the secondary metabolites based on rhodioloside in its root welding technology, there is protein metabolism in antifatigue, resist oxygen lack, anti-ageing, radioresistance, promotion body, anti-inflammatory, cardiac stimulant, antitumor, to two item regulating actions of body, to micro-ization between central nervous system, the effect to cardio-cerebrovascular, the effect to chemical damage anti-fibrosis, the effect to the effect of senile heart failure diabetes, antagonism virus, the effect to antibody Monoclonal, antagonism kidney and remove H2S intoxication, to the effect all very significant effects of tool regulating neural and endocrine system.
Storehouse page rhodiola root is mainly distributed in Russia, Korea, Japan and Chinese in the world, mainly be distributed on the Changbaishan area, Jilin Province in northeast and the part high mountain of the southeast, Zhang Guangcai ridge, Heilongjiang Province in China, be grown between height above sea level 1700m ~ 2500m more, be a kind of typical alpine plant, its typical habitats is under high lofty mountains birch elfin wood and alpine tundra band.
Storehouse page rhodiola root natural distribution is narrow, and habitat is severe, and natural regeneration power is low, and resource storage capacity is very limited, adds and excavates in a large number in recent years, causes its resource to be seriously damaged, is in Critical Condition, be now classified as second class protection plant by country.Current, wild storehouse page rhodiola root resource is in imminent danger, causes the extremely difficult supply of medicinal raw materials for production.
Root rot is that one of most serious problems that storehouse page rhodiola root runs into are introduced a fine variety in low altitude area, is especially differing larger area with primitive environment.Unfortunately, the chemical control of current people to storehouse page root of Rhodiola sachalinensis maize ear rot does not also have very good way, and integrated control is obviously most important is also the most basic preventive measure.
As can be seen here, be no matter the protection from Precious, Rare, Endangered wild resource, or develop storehouse page rhodiola root resource, introducing and planting research and the stock breeding of carrying out storehouse page rhodiola root are all very necessary.
Storehouse page rhodiola root is introduced a fine variety to low altitude area flat area, especially introduces a fine variety very large difficulty to middle latitude low altitude area flat area.Because the environmental condition of low altitude area flat area is with it, primary long environment differs greatly.So storehouse page rhodiola root is introduced a fine variety the knob of southern foot, Xiaoxinanlin Mountains height above sea level about 200m, inherently challenging.The various problems occurred in process are introduced a fine variety in research, not only have realistic meaning to production and solution fine provenance, and can enrich the theory of plant introduction cultivation and stock breeding.
This it should be noted that, now online this medicine be can be described as covered the sky and the earth about the article introduced, also do not see that Chinese herbal medicine can cause such attention and propagation on the net simply, from the eighties in last century, the medical value of storehouse page rhodiola root all published by various publication, its rare famous and precious etc. article, be referred to as " grass alive for evermore " " nine extremely also sward " " Kangxu grant celestial grant grass " " imperial palace tribute used " " east god's grass " " gold plant " " in tonic rare " at that time its seed highest price fried to 300,000 yuan one jin.People start mad to excavate wild resource, back to collect seed breeding, the plant that the most easily mixes of storehouse page rhodiola root in fact, at this moment adopt back breeding close and be used as medicine as pseudo-ginseng red-spotted stonecrop, long white red-spotted stonecrop, these two kinds of red-spotted stonecrop plants, be the ornamental plants of Jilin, Heilungkiang two province as floriculture, much market finds that there is this type of a large amount of red-spotted stonecrops in sale, does not ripely know that these red-spotted stonecrops can not be used as medicine.
The medicine of present domestic strong word class that more rare is, the medicine of food word class is even cosmetics all indicate the composition of rhodiola root, that what rhodiola root is not known, more worth people it is to be noted that, there is the sale of rhodiola root rhizome present all parts of the country, I investigates the large market of Bei'an state Chinese medicine of crossing the river, Guangzhou Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Hangzhou Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengdu Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Aba autonomous prefecture Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, Changchun Market of Chinese Materia Medica, except the Market of Chinese Materia Medica of Chengdu and Aba autonomous prefecture has the Radix Rhodiolae rhizome of 980 yuan a jin, a traditional unit of weight, remaining can say it is not storehouse page rhodiola root, substantially long white red-spotted stonecrop and pseudo-ginseng red-spotted stonecrop is belonged to.
The whole world is distributed with 97 kinds of rhodiola roots, in state-owned 73 kinds, at present through chemical examination and qualification, what have higher active ingredient only has 3 kinds can be used as medicine, each businessman be have a mind to or be not intended to, we do not go comment.
After entering July 20, it is withered and yellow that storehouse page rhodiola root young plant starts cauline leaf, and progress into withering period, and withering period resistance is minimum, rhizome starts to decay, and one until end of August, is exactly dormancy, withering period during this period of time, about about 45 days.Root rot is relied on greatly at this moment and is spread unchecked.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems such as the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is easy root of hair maize ear rot in the page rhodiola root cultivating process of storehouse, seeding ratio is low, yield poorly; And provide storehouse, a kind of low altitude area region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method.The inventive method improves storehouse page rhodiola root seedling emergence rate, improve transplanting success simultaneously, capture this global problem of maize ear rot of taking root in storehouse third and fourth year of page rhodiola root seminal propagation, improve kind vegetative propagation and sexual propagation varietal purity, provide the comprehensive production management method in the field of improving the quality of varieties.
In the present invention, the page rhodiola root stock breeding of storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief 4 years is a production cycle, and furrow are planted, and specifically complete in the steps below:
Breed First Year:
(1) selection of land: before plot selects the last chemical weed control time at the bottom of June, first crop is the plot of corn or soybean, or the standard high yield plot that drought can be filled with, flood can be arranged is selected in plot, or the new half sand ground opened up wasteland is selected in plot, empty 1 year of plot and machine management guarantees do not have ripe grass-seed to land, the autumn ploughs;
(2) do furrow: after ground leveling, open pavement and do furrow and obtain seed bed, furrow face soil thin as face and Horizon as mirror;
(3) bubble kind: load in clean cloth bag after the page rhodiola root seed of cleaning storehouse, brew 5 ~ 7 days with running water, control is dry;
(4) dress seed: it is 2mm sieve that river sand crosses aperture, dries after washing, then steeps 15min with boiling water, outwells water and dries, and river sand and seed is mixed, and river sand consumption is ten times of seed weight;
(5) seed bed is fetched water: fetch water to seed bed by 30 jin/m2, levelling bed surface when fetching water;
(6) sow: when under earth's surface, 5cm place average daily temperature reaches 8 ~ 10 DEG C, in the seed bed after process of fetching water, use seed board firming, the degree of depth of impression is no more than 1.5mm, broadcasts sowing the storehouse page rhodiola root seed after bubble kind of process, covers the lid seed soil of 1.5 ~ 2mm thickness; Lid seed soil transports the soil that 2mm sieves shortly before autumn harvest back.
(7) the after planting pretreated pine needle of uniform fold, lose bed surface and do not leak bedside, described pine needle chooses new pinus Sylvestris Var, Mongolica Needle or Korean Needle, and the pretreated method of pine needle will spray seed coat agent 500 times of liquid after pine needle removal of contamination;
(8) covering with plastic film: covered covering with plastic film after pine needle, bed week spreads thimet, and every each 3 rickles in both sides, often pile 5g ~ 6g, and bed two side form limit firming removes mulch film when emergence rate reaches 80% ~ 90% and under film, surface temperature is more than 35 DEG C;
(9) lid shade net: covered mulch film, the added shade net of bed;
(10) seedling management: management of carrying out hoeing up weeds guarantees that seedbed is without grass, will spray water at every turn, build pine needle and shade net in time after water spray after hoeing up weeds, by earth's surface see dry see wetly carry out water management, October 5 ~ 10 removed shade net;
(11) preparation in field planting plot: the autumn climbs over rear preparation field planting plot, breeds Second Year field planting plot and selects by the carrying out breeding First Year;
Breed Second Year:
(12) field planting bed is prepared: the mid or late April of Second Year starts to do bed sieve soil, mixed calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, biological clamps compoiste fertilizer and the recovery farmyard manure such as chicken, duck, pig, ox of a year sold with producer in bed soil, use per ton 10 kilograms of ferment bacterium Homogeneous phase mixing, cover the farmyard manure after month with Polypropylence Sheet.The farmyard manure of ferment bacterium process mentioned hereinafter is all for this reason fertile.Bed specification is the same with seed bed, and every mu adds 20 jin of compoiste fertilizers, and every mu adds 800 jin of cow dung dry powder;
(13) field planting: carry 60 ~ 65 row by every field planting bed, often row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first with planting spade trench digging, ditch will directly and deeply even, seedling is put in ditch, seedling will grade, and large seedling is separately planted, and finishes seedling earthing and is pushed down by root, water in ditch with kettle, cover once soil (dark water transplanting) after watering again, the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are put down, and make a call to a seedling recovering water after field planting after second day or three days;
(14) field management:
Weeding standard is undertaken by First Year seedling management standard,
Lose morning 8 earth's surface return profit water by every square metre of 10 jin of water,
Disease control: 7 ~ August, an every ten days spray fenaminosulf 500 times of liquid and carbendazim 500 times of liquid, start from early July to chase after disposable fertilizer in every 15 days, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, and every 20 days add once rare fertilizer, and this fertilizer is the farmyard manure of above-mentioned ferment bacterium process, every 100 jin add 25g ferment bacterium Homogeneous phase mixing after, plastic film covering process adds 200 jin of water after 20 days.Rare fertilizer mentioned hereinafter is all that this is fertile, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, topdresses and be extended down to resting stage,
Pest control: often arrange centre at field planting bed, bedside puts raticide, places thimet at field planting bedside, puts a rickle thimet for every 3 ~ 4 meters, and often piling thimet weight is 5 grams;
(15) fine-variety breeding
A, from the second year the beginning of July will know in field and the dissimilar variation plant of this product plant or hybrid every year.
B, from the 3rd year, vegetative propagation is carried out to the production of breeder's stock, namely all 5% growth to be selected from the seedbed of cultivation every year best, the seedbed that upgrowth situation is excellent, dig out rhizome September to select, standard is rhizome without anyly rotting, choose this varietal characteristic applicable, root top is lion head, and the gemma of its lion head must more than 30, without any mechanical damage.
On planting immediately after c, choosing, cultivation standard is pressed Second Year field planting standard and is performed.
The seed that d, this method are produced is breeder's stock.As breeding one-level commodity kind of a use.
E, the 3rd year, the 4th year, do not dug remaining seed bed, the seed of production is one-level commercial seed.
Breed the 3rd year:
(16) seedbed moisture management: lose earth's surface morning 7 and return profit and water, every mu of 200 jin of water, timely weeding guarantees that seedbed is without grass;
(17) field management:
Pest control: the first tenday period of a month in May, three rickle thimets were placed in every both sides, often piles 5 grams,
Disease control: from May 1, chases after disposable fertilizer in every 15 ~ 20 days, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, blade face sprays a potassium dihydrogen phosphate in every 15 ~ 20 days, within every 10 ~ 15 days, executes once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer;
(18) gather in the crops: by the end of July-early August, every other day all will carry out seed harvest, harvest seed, cauline leaf more than ground is sliced off; The cauline leaf clear water sliced off is cleaned, and the segment being processed into 0.5 centimeter is dried, and this is storehouse page rhodiola root tea.
The 4th year that breeds: every 10 days from the first tenday period of a month in May to execute disposable fertilizer rare, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, and other field management was undertaken by the 3rd year; Wherein said rare fertilizer is all the 1 year farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed of ferment bacterium process, every 100 jin add 25g ferment bacterium Homogeneous phase mixing after, plastic film covering process adds 200 jin of water after 20 ~ 30 days, farmyard manure is chicken manure, duck excrement, cow dung etc.
Breed the furrow of ridge-up bed described in First Year high 20 centimetres, furrow are wide 1.2 meters, and long 10 ~ 12 meters of furrow, pavement is wide 60 centimetres, and furrow are to being north and south.
Breed First Year motor-pumped well water to fetch water to seedbed.
Breed the cork board of the long 1.2m of First Year seed board, wide 20cm, thick 1.5 ~ 2cm, the uniformity of planting depth can be ensured, thus improve emergence rate.
Breed the use low density web of sowing in the past on May 20 in First Year, what May 20 was sowed later uses Midst density net, and rack timber used adopts new wood, without what rot, net will be evened up, and selvage rope is pricked on timber, and timber height is one meter, rugosity 6 centimetres, every use 8 ~ 12 timbers.
Breed period, soil moisture is large, and the beginning of March of coming year spills cigarette ash or ash on the snow on earth's surface, seedbed, and the March of arid coming year in winter selects calm sky seedling band to add soil of taking precautions against drought, snowization earth's surface arid spray melt water.
Propagation of Rhizomes is adopted to substitute the breeding that storehouse page rhodiola root is carried out in seminal propagation.
Field planting can adopt following method to carry out: by every at 60 ~ 65 row, often row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first with planting spade trench digging, ditch will directly and deeply even, seedling is put in ditch, seedling will grade, and large seedling is separately planted, and is evenly put in ditch by seedling more than, bury seedling rhizome, water (open fire transplanting) with watering can in time having planted one or half, the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are put down, and beat once slow seedling after field planting after second day or three days.
Replace furrow with ridge culture to do; The row spacing of ridge culture is 60 ~ 70 centimetres, duplicate rows on ridge, triangle hydroponics, spacing in the rows 25 ~ 30 centimetres.
China is applicable to the region of planting storehouse page rhodiola root: Heilungkiang is domestic, Altai Region, xinjiang.Annual April 20 daily can be sowed to August 25, sow when preferably under earth's surface, 5cm place average daily temperature reaches 8 ~ 10 DEG C, unearthed seedling is sowed after August, annual yield can only equal 1/3rd sizes of sowing in April, weeds can be described as crop smothering in later date of seeding in June two No. ten, because weeds speed of production is fast, each uprooting weed all will be with seedling, reduces survival rate of seedlings.
Advantage of the present invention:
The inventive method emergence rate reaches more than 90.5%, equals other planting seed method emergence rates more than 3 times.The root rot incidence of disease is below 0.01%.
The storehouse page rhodiola root varietal purity that the present invention cultivates reaches 100%, and its red-spotted stonecrop salidroside content is 0.88%.The rhizome rhodioside that page rhodiola root habitat, wild storehouse is different, content range is 0.101% to 0.684%.This illustrates that namely 0.88% equal its 8.7 to 1.29 times, and this is that forest zone, sea, Heilongjiang Province height above sea level 1400 to 1600 grows to obtain rhodiola root, Daxinganling District height above sea level at 2300 meters of samples, 12 to 15 years raw content in 0.465%, 5 to 6 year 0.510%.Height above sea level is 0.489% at 6 to the 8 years raw red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content in 2000 meters of sample ground, and within 5 to 7 years, life is 0.253%.Height above sea level is on 1800 meters of sample ground, and within 4 years, raw red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content is 0.233%.
Before storehouse page rhodiola root does not also enter resting stage, vitality is extremely vigorous, as the cauline leaf upper part slices off, earth's surface equals a bacterium of having gone out under the sun shines, and after little son's root of storehouse leaf rhodiola root is upset, the scape on top, base of leaf grow new scape as by the leek that slices off, and new scape tool possesses exuberant vitality, and the instinct being in crop will be bred the next generation and delay and postponed resting stage.When growing up gradually to this batch of seed, impel its resting stage to pass by, it enters again vigorous vegetative period, and this is the above-mentioned further breakthrough of method in culture technique preventing and treating root rot that continue, and due to the prolongation of lifetime, crucial effect is served to the increase of its output.This will increase by 22% ~ 32% than the output of cultivating without this method.
Also utilize yeast-like fungi element and diammonium phosphate process bed soil simultaneously, strengthen rich water quality management, postpone or break withering period.
Bed is done than the minimizing 94.7% of ck (refer to that land is sowed, the sowing division without any covering contrasts) withered number, and ridge is done than the minimizing 90.7% of ck withered number;
Bed is made plant height and is added 58% than ck, and ridge is made plant height and added 33% than ck;
Bed is made scape number and is added 141% than ck, and ridge is made scape number and added 121% than ck;
Bed is made root fresh weight and is added 37% than ck, and ridge is made root fresh weight and added 37.7% than ck;
Bed is made complete stool fresh weight and is added 52.2% than ck, and ridge is made complete stool fresh weight and added 50% than ck.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is storehouse page rhodiola root normal growth 1 year raw seedling photo; Fig. 2 is storehouse page rhodiola root 2 years raw seedling photos; Fig. 3 is storehouse page rhodiola root 3 years raw seedling photos; Fig. 4 is storehouse page rhodiola root 4 years raw seedling photos; Fig. 5 is 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola root dry product stem tubers and fibrous root photo; Fig. 6 is that 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots are about to results seed fruit photo; Fig. 7 is the top panels of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola root dry product block roots; Fig. 8 is storehouse page rhodiola root seed photo.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: in present embodiment, the page rhodiola root stock breeding of storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief 4 years is a production cycle, and furrow are planted, and specifically complete in the steps below:
Breed First Year:
(1) selection of land: before plot selects the last chemical weed control time at the bottom of June, first crop is the plot of corn or soybean, and the autumn ploughs;
(2) do furrow: after ground leveling, open pavement and do furrow and obtain seed bed, furrow face soil thin as face and Horizon as mirror, the furrow of ridge-up bed are high 20 centimetres, and furrow are wide 1.2 meters, furrow length 10 meters, and pavement is wide 60 centimetres, and furrow are to being north and south;
(3) bubble kind: load in clean cloth bag after the page rhodiola root seed of cleaning storehouse, brew 5 days with running water, control is dry;
(4) dress seed: it is 2mm sieve that river sand crosses aperture, dries after washing, then steeps 15min with boiling water, outwells water and dries, and river sand and seed is mixed, and river sand consumption is ten times of seed weight; Lid seed soil must be retract shortly before autumn harvest, without grass-seed also with the soil that 2mm sieve is sieved.
(5) seed bed is fetched water: fetch water to seed bed by 30 jin/m2, levelling bed surface when fetching water;
(6) sow: April 25 (now under earth's surface, 5cm place average daily temperature reaches between 8 ~ 10 DEG C), erect with the cork board of the long 1.2m of seed board, wide 20cm, thick 2cm in the seed bed after process of fetching water and press; The degree of depth of impression is no more than 1.5mm, in impression, then broadcast sowing the storehouse page rhodiola root seed after bubble kind of process, broadcasts the lid seed soil of rear covering 1.5 ~ 2mm thickness.
(7) the after planting pretreated pine needle of uniform fold, lose bed surface and do not leak bedside, described pine needle chooses new pinus Sylvestris Var, Mongolica Needle or Korean Needle, and the pretreated method of pine needle will spray seed coat agent 500 times of liquid after pine needle removal of contamination;
(8) covering with plastic film: covered covering with plastic film after pine needle, bed week spreads thimet, and every each 3 rickles in both sides, often pile 5g ~ 6g, and bed two side form limit firming removes mulch film when emergence rate reaches 80% ~ 90% and under film, surface temperature is more than 35 DEG C;
(9) lid shade net: covered mulch film, the added low density web shade net of bed, rack timber used adopts new wood, without what rot, net will be evened up, and selvage rope is pricked on timber, and timber height is one meter, rugosity 6 centimetres, every use 10 timbers;
(10) seedling management: management of carrying out hoeing up weeds guarantees that seedbed is without grass, will spray water at every turn, build pine needle and shade net in time after water spray after hoeing up weeds, by earth's surface see dry see wetly carry out water management, October 5 ~ 10 removed shade net;
(11) preparation in field planting plot: the autumn climbs over rear preparation field planting plot, breeds Second Year field planting plot and selects by the standard of breeding First Year;
Breed Second Year:
(12) field planting bed is prepared: the mid or late April of Second Year starts to do bed sieve soil, mixed with the farmyard manure after compoiste fertilizer and ferment bacterium process in bed soil, 800 kilograms every mu.Bed specification is the same with seed bed, and every mu adds 20 jin of compoiste fertilizers.
(13) field planting: carry 60 row by every field planting bed, often row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first with planting spade trench digging, ditch will directly and deeply even, seedling is put in ditch, seedling will grade, and large seedling is separately planted, and finishes seedling earthing and is pushed down by root, water in ditch with kettle, cover once soil after watering again, the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are put down, and make a call to a seedling recovering water after field planting after second day or three days;
(14) field management:
Weeding standard is undertaken by First Year seedling management standard,
Lose morning 8 earth's surface return profit water by every square metre of 10 jin of water,
Disease control: 7 ~ August, an every ten days spray fenaminosulf 500 times of liquid and carbendazim 500 times of liquid, start from early July to chase after disposable fertilizer in every 15 days, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, and every 20 days add once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, topdress and be extended down to resting stage
Pest control: often arrange centre at field planting bed, bedside puts raticide, places thimet at field planting bedside, puts a rickle thimet for every 3.5 meters, and often piling thimet weight is 5 grams;
Breed the 3rd year:
(15) seedbed moisture management: lose earth's surface morning 7 and return profit and water, every mu of 200 jin of water, timely weeding guarantees that seedbed is without grass;
(16) field management:
Pest control: the first tenday period of a month in May, three rickle thimets were placed in every both sides, often piles 5 grams,
Disease control: from May 1, chases after disposable fertilizer in every 15 days, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, blade face sprays a potassium dihydrogen phosphate in every 15 ~ 20 days, within every 20 days, executes once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer;
(17) gather in the crops: by the end of July-early August, every other day all will carry out seed harvest, harvest seed, cauline leaf more than ground is sliced off; The cauline leaf clear water sliced off is cleaned, and the segment being processed into 0.5 centimeter is dried, and this is storehouse page rhodiola root tea.
The 4th year that breeds: every 10 days from the first tenday period of a month in May to execute disposable fertilizer rare, and every mu to chase after 500 kilograms of fertilizer rare, and other field management was undertaken by the 3rd year;
Fig. 1 is the photo of 1 year raw storehouse page rhodiola root seedling, and the top of the storehouse page rhodiola root of life in general 1 year can long 2-6 colored footpath.Fig. 2 is the photo of 2 years raw storehouse page rhodiola root seedling, and within 2 years, raw storehouse page rhodiola root plant height can reach 6 centimetres, Hua Jing number 15-30, though three strains vary in size on Fig. 2, be all the seedling of normal growth, big-and-middle seedling respectively accounts for about 40%, and seedling accounts for about 20%.Fig. 3 is the photo of storehouse page rhodiola root seedling in 3 years raw June, and seedling rate can account for 14% ~ 20%, and all the other are big-and-middle seedling.Fig. 4 is the photo of 4 years medium seedlings of raw storehouse page rhodiola root, and growing way is good.As shown in Figure 5, stem tuber growing way is good, well developed root system.As shown in Figure 6, seed maturity, full grains.Fig. 7 is the top of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola root dry product block roots, and haircut indication and similar part are all bud buds, and bud bud number is many, and the quality of illustrated block root is better, in lion head, is the most typical mark of storehouse page rhodiola root.As shown in Figure 8, seed is tiny, ripe.
The methods storehouse page rhodiola root emergence rate of this enforcement reaches 90.5%, and varietal purity reaches 100%, has no root rot and occurs.The red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots is 0.88%.With the method ratio not cutting cauline leaf, the output of rhizome adds 30%.
Embodiment two: the point that present embodiment is different from embodiment one is: field planting adopts ridge culture to replace bed to do, and the row spacing of ridge culture is 60 centimetres, duplicate rows on ridge, triangle hydroponics, spacing in the rows 30 centimetres.Other step is identical with embodiment one with parameter.
The ridge of present embodiment is done than the minimizing 90.7% of ck (refer to that land is sowed, the sowing division without any covering contrasts) withered number; Ridge is made plant height and is added 33% than ck; Ridge is made scape number and is added 121% than ck; Ridge is made root fresh weight and is added 37.7% than ck; Ridge is made complete stool fresh weight and is added 50% than ck.
The methods storehouse page rhodiola root emergence rate of this enforcement reaches 90.5%, and varietal purity reaches 100%, has no root rot and occurs.The red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots is 0.88%.With the method ratio not cutting cauline leaf, the output of rhizome adds 25%.
Embodiment three: present embodiment and embodiment one unlike: breed that First Year plot selection of land block selects drought can fill with, the flooded standard that can arrange gets bumper crops plot, the autumn ploughs.
Other step is identical with embodiment one with parameter.
The methods storehouse page rhodiola root emergence rate of this enforcement reaches 90.9%, and varietal purity reaches 100%, has no root rot and occurs.The red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots is 0.88%.With the method ratio not cutting cauline leaf, the output of rhizome decreases 28%.
Embodiment four: present embodiment and embodiment one unlike: breed First Year plot and select the half sand ground newly opened up wasteland, plot sky 1 year and machine management guarantees do not have ripe grass-seed to land, the autumn ploughs.
The methods storehouse page rhodiola root emergence rate of this enforcement reaches 90.1%, and varietal purity reaches 100%, has no root rot and occurs.The red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots is 0.88%.With the method ratio not cutting cauline leaf, the output of rhizome decreases 29.5%.
Claims (10)
1. storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method, it is characterized in that the page rhodiola root stock breeding of storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief 4 years is a production cycle, furrow are planted, and specifically complete in the steps below:
Breed First Year:
(1) selection of land: before plot selects the last chemical weed control time at the bottom of June, first crop is the plot of corn or soybean, or the standard high yield plot that drought can be filled with, flood can be arranged is selected in plot, or the new half sand ground opened up wasteland is selected in plot, empty 1 year of plot and machine management guarantees do not have ripe grass-seed to land, the autumn ploughs;
(2) do furrow: after ground leveling, open pavement and do furrow and obtain seed bed, furrow face soil thin as face and Horizon as mirror;
(3) bubble kind: load in clean cloth bag after the page rhodiola root seed of cleaning storehouse, brew 5 ~ 7 days with running water, control is dry;
(4) dress seed: it is 2mm sieve that river sand crosses aperture, dries after washing, then steeps 15min with boiling water, outwells water and dries, river sand and seed are mixed and obtain lid seed soil, river sand consumption is ten times of seed weight;
(5) seed bed is fetched water: by 30 jin/m
2fetch water to seed bed, levelling bed surface when fetching water;
(6) sow: when under earth's surface, 5cm place average daily temperature reaches 8 ~ 10 DEG C, the storehouse page rhodiola root seed after bubble kind of process is broadcasted sowing in the seed bed after process of fetching water, use seed board firming, the degree of depth of impression is no more than 1.5mm, covers the lid seed soil of 1.5 ~ 2mm thickness;
(7) the after planting pretreated pine needle of uniform fold, lose bed surface and do not leak bedside, described pine needle chooses new pinus Sylvestris Var, Mongolica Needle or Korean Needle, and the pretreated method of pine needle will spray seed coat agent 500 times of liquid after pine needle removal of contamination;
(8) covering with plastic film: covered covering with plastic film after pine needle, bed week spreads thimet, and every each 3 rickles in both sides, often pile 5g ~ 6g, bed both sides firming, remove mulch film when emergence rate reaches 80% ~ 90% and under film, surface temperature is more than 35 DEG C;
(9) lid shade net: covered mulch film, the added shade net of bed;
(10) seedling management: management of carrying out hoeing up weeds guarantees that seedbed is without grass, will spray water at every turn, build pine needle and shade net in time after water spray after hoeing up weeds, by earth's surface see dry see wetly carry out water management, October 5 ~ 10 removed shade net;
(11) preparation in field planting plot: the autumn climbs over rear preparation field planting plot, breeds Second Year field planting plot and selects by the carrying out breeding First Year;
Breed Second Year:
(12) field planting bed is prepared: the mid or late April of Second Year starts to do bed sieve soil, mixed with compoiste fertilizer and the cow dung dry powder become thoroughly decomposed 1 year and ferment bacterium in bed soil, bed specification is the same with seed bed, every mu of farmyard manure adding 20 jin of compoiste fertilizers and ferment bacterium process, and every mu adds 800 kilograms;
(13) field planting: plant 60 ~ 65 row by every field planting bed, often row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first with planting spade trench digging, ditch will directly and deeply even, seedling is put in ditch, seedling will grade, and large seedling is separately planted, and finishes seedling earthing and is pushed down by root, water in ditch with kettle, cover once soil after watering again, the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are put down, and make a call to a seedling recovering water after field planting after second day or three days;
(14) field management:
Weeding standard is undertaken by First Year seedling management standard,
Lose morning 8 earth's surface return profit water by every square metre of 10 jin of water,
Disease control: 7 ~ August, an every ten days spray fenaminosulf 500 times of liquid and carbendazim 500 times of liquid, start from early July to chase after disposable fertilizer in every 15 days, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, and every 20 days add once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, topdress and be extended down to resting stage
The extermination of disease and insect pest: often arrange centre at field planting bed, bedside puts raticide, places thimet at field planting bedside, puts a rickle thimet for every 3 ~ 4 meters, and often piling thimet weight is 5 grams;
(15) fine-variety breeding
A, from the second year the beginning of July will remove and the dissimilar variation plant of this product plant or hybrid in field every year;
B, from the 3rd year, vegetative propagation is carried out to the production of breeder's stock, namely all 5% growth to be selected from the seedbed of cultivation every year best, the seedbed that upgrowth situation is excellent, dig out rhizome September to select, standard is rhizome without anyly rotting, choose this varietal characteristic applicable, root top is lion head, and the gemma of its lion head must more than 30, without any mechanical damage;
On planting immediately after c, choosing, cultivation standard is pressed Second Year field planting standard and is performed;
The seed that d, this method are produced is breeder's stock, as breeding one-level commodity kind of a use;
E, the 3rd year, the 4th year, do not dug remaining seed bed, the seed of production is one-level commercial seed;
Breed the 3rd year:
(16) seedbed moisture management: lose earth's surface morning 7 and return profit and water, every mu of 200 jin of water, timely weeding guarantees that seedbed is without grass;
(17) field management:
Pest control: the first tenday period of a month in May, three rickle thimets were placed in every both sides, often piles 5 grams,
Disease control: from May 1, chases after disposable fertilizer in every 15 ~ 20 days, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, blade face sprays a potassium dihydrogen phosphate in every 15 ~ 20 days, within every 20 days, executes once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer;
(18) gather in the crops: by the end of July-early August, every other day all will carry out seed harvest, harvest seed, cauline leaf more than ground is sliced off; The cauline leaf clear water sliced off is cleaned, and the segment being processed into 0.5 centimeter is dried, and this is storehouse page rhodiola root tea; The 4th year that breeds: every 20 days from the first tenday period of a month in May execute once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, and other field management was undertaken by the 3rd year;
Wherein said rare fertilizer is all the 1 year farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed of ferment bacterium process, every 100 jin add 25g ferment bacterium Homogeneous phase mixing after, plastic film covering process adds 200 jin of water after 20 ~ 30 days.
2. storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, it is high 20 centimetres to it is characterized in that breeding the furrow of ridge-up bed described in First Year, and furrow are wide 1.2 meters, and long 10 ~ 12 meters of furrow, pavement is wide 60 centimetres, and furrow are to being north and south.
3. storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, is characterized in that breeding First Year motor-pumped well water fetches water to seedbed.
4. storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, is characterized in that the cork board of breeding the long 1.2m of First Year seed board, wide 20cm, thick 1.5 ~ 2cm.
5. storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, it is characterized in that breeding the use low density web of sowing in the past on May 20 in First Year, what May 20 was sowed later uses Midst density net, rack timber used adopts new wood, without what rot, net will be evened up, and selvage rope is pricked on timber, and timber height is one meter, rugosity 6 centimetres, every use 8 ~ 12 timbers.
6. storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, it is characterized in that breeding period, the beginning of March of soil moisture large coming year spills cigarette ash or ash on the snow on earth's surface, seedbed, the March of arid coming year in winter selects calm sky seedling band to add soil of taking precautions against drought, snowization earth's surface arid spray melt water.
7., according to storehouse, the low altitude area region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method in claim 1-6 described in any one, it is characterized in that substituting seminal propagation with Propagation of Rhizomes.
8. according to storehouse, the low altitude area region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method in claim 1-6 described in any one, it is characterized in that field planting adopts following method to carry out: plant 60 ~ 65 row by every, often row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first ditch with planting spade, ditch will directly and deeply even, seedling is put in ditch, seedling will grade, large seedling is separately planted, seedling more than is evenly put in ditch, buries seedling rhizome, water with watering can in time having planted one or half, the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are put down, and beat once slow seedling after field planting after second day or three days.
9., according to storehouse, the low altitude area region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method in claim 1-6 described in any one, it is characterized in that replacing furrow with ridge culture does.
10. storehouse, low altitude area region of no relief according to claim 9 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, is characterized in that the row spacing of ridge culture is 60 ~ 70 centimetres, duplicate rows on ridge, triangle hydroponics, spacing in the rows 25 ~ 30 centimetres.
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| CN104604503B (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2017-01-04 | 浙江大学 | A kind of Biological control anti-root of Rhodiola sachalinensis maize ear rot and the method for growth-promoting |
| CN104620914B (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2016-09-14 | 浙江大学 | A kind of biological control method of the disease-resistant growth-promoting of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) |
| CN106171476B (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-12-20 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Rhodiola kirilowii field seedling culture method |
| CN110477022B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏萤火虫环境科技有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating root rot of sedum plumbizincicola in high-temperature rainy weather and bactericide |
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