CN106171476B - Rhodiola kirilowii field seedling culture method - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a field seedling raising method for rhodiola kirilowii, belonging to the technical field of seedling raising and cultivation of medicinal plants. The method is designed for solving the problems of large ultraviolet radiation, large evaporation capacity, large temperature difference and difficult seedling raising of rhodiola kirilowii seeds in alpine regions, so as to promote the artificial domestication and cultivation of rhodiola kirilowii and ensure the sustainable utilization of medicinal materials. The invention aims to provide a rhodiola kirilowii field seedling culture method. After sowing, covering by using a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 60-70%, wherein the covering time is 23-26 months. The method is simple and strong in operability, so that rhodiola angustifolia seeds can adapt to extreme natural environment in a short time to effectively and quickly grow, the problems of low seedling rate, slow growth and the like of the seeds in the traditional seedling culture process are solved, the field seedling culture survival rate of the rhodiola angustifolia is greatly improved, the seedling culture period is shortened, the underground biomass accumulation of the rhodiola angustifolia is effectively promoted, and the seedlings can be transplanted in a large area in a short period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a field seedling raising method for rhodiola kirilowii, belonging to the technical field of seedling raising and cultivation of medicinal plants.
Background
Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Maxim, also called leopard, Rhodiola rosea, leopard, kaempferia japonica, and acerola; tibetan translation: galdour, sulomabu, etc., which are perennial meat herbaceous plants of crassulaceae crassula. Is distributed in Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, etc. of China. Growing in a severe cold area (namely a region suitable for the growth of the rhodiola angustifolia) with the altitude of 2000-5600 m. Rhodiola kirilowii has the functions of clearing heat, reducing fever, detoxifying and preventing plague, and has the symptoms of pneumonia, fever, diarrhea, limb swelling and the like. Modern pharmacological research shows that rhodiola has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, resisting fatigue, resisting anoxia, resisting aging and the like.
In recent years, with the discovery of medicinal economic value and scientific research value of rhodiola angustifolia, under the drive of market interest, people dig and grab a large amount of wild medicinal materials, so that the plant is endangered and died, and is listed as a II-grade precious rare plant which is mainly protected by the country, the growing environment of the naturally-growing rhodiola angustifolia is severe, the growth is slow, the natural germination rate is low, the field planting can be expanded only by quickly breeding nursery stocks through artificial planting, and the condition of resource shortage at home and abroad is solved.
And the seedling raising of rhodiola kirilowii seeds is difficult due to large ultraviolet radiation, large evaporation capacity and large temperature difference in alpine regions. By adopting the traditional seedling raising method, the seedling rate of the seeds is low, generally 20-30%, the seedlings grow slowly, and the seedling raising period is as long as 4-5 years.
Disclosure of Invention
The method is designed for solving the problems of large ultraviolet radiation, large evaporation capacity, large temperature difference and difficult seedling raising of rhodiola kirilowii seeds in alpine regions, so as to promote the artificial domestication and cultivation of rhodiola kirilowii and ensure the sustainable utilization of medicinal materials.
The invention aims to provide a rhodiola kirilowii field seedling culture method.
The invention relates to a rhodiola kirilowii field seedling culture method, which comprises the steps of selecting a seedbed land, preparing a seedbed land, selecting seeds, sowing, managing and transplanting seedlings, and is characterized in that: and after sowing, covering by using a sunshade net with a shading rate of 55-65%, wherein the covering time is 22-25 months.
Preferably, the shading rate of the sunshade net is 60%, and the covering time is 24 months.
The height of the sunshade net from the seedbed ridge surface is 38-42 cm, and preferably 40 cm.
When the seedbed land is selected, a land block which is breathable and loose in soil, rich in humus, flat in terrain and convenient to drain and irrigate is selected in a proper growth area of the rhodiola kirilowii, and weeds are completely removed respectively before frost in autumn before sowing and after soil is unfrozen in the same year after sowing.
The land preparation of the seedbed is specifically operated as follows: deep ploughing the land before frost in autumn before sowing, harrowing the land after thawing in the same year, ridging and ditching, wherein the ditch depth is 0.3 +/-0.05 m, the ridge-to-ridge depth is 0.4 +/-0.05 m, the ridge width is 1.9 +/-0.1 m, and harrowing is carried out on the land surface to be sowed.
The sowing period is 4-5 middle ten days after the soil is unfrozen, after the seedbed is arranged, seeds are sown, the covering depth of the seeds is 0.3-0.5 cm, the sowing amount is 2.5 g/square meter, the seeds and fine sand soil are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50-40 during sowing, the seeds are uniformly sown to the ridge surface, 0.2 +/-0.05 m wide-row channels are reserved in the center of the ridge surface during sowing, and therefore later-period soil covering and field management are facilitated.
The management comprises the following steps:
management in winter: the shading frame of the seedling growing land is reinforced in winter, and the shading frame is prevented from being damaged by wind and snow in winter.
Spring management: and (3) uncovering the sunshade net at the bottom of 4 months or at the beginning of 5 months after thawing to remove weeds, then covering the seedling bed with fine soil, and fully covering the soil gaps cracked by freeze thawing in winter, wherein the soil covering depth is 0.4-0.6 cm, preferably about 0.5cm, and the soil covering depth is the same in spring of the 2 nd year and the 3 rd year.
Field management: in the early 6 th ten days to 8 months in summer each year, in rainy seasons in alpine regions and in rainy seasons with vigorous weed breeding, weeding management is carried out on seedling growing lands, and drainage management is carried out in rainy seasons.
The seedling transplanting time is before frost in autumn of 3 years after seed sowing or after soil thawing in spring of 4 years. Preferably, in spring 4, after the soil is unfrozen, the rhodiola kirilowii seedlings can be transplanted in late 4 months for field production.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method is simple and strong in operability, and mainly comprises the steps of controlling shading strength and shading time, managing in the wintering process and the like in the rhodiola rosea field seedling process, so that rhodiola angustifolia seeds can adapt to extreme natural environment in a short time to effectively and quickly grow, the problems of low seedling rate, slow growth and the like of the seeds in the traditional seedling process are solved, the rhodiola angustifolia field seedling survival rate is greatly improved, the seedling period is shortened, the rhodiola rosea underground biomass accumulation is improved, and seedlings can be transplanted in a large area in a short period.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a rhodiola kirilowii field seedling culture method, which comprises the steps of selecting a seedbed land, preparing a seedbed land, selecting seeds, sowing, managing and transplanting seedlings, and is characterized in that: and after sowing, covering by using a sunshade net with a shading rate of 55-65%, wherein the covering time is 22-25 months.
Preferably, the shading rate of the sunshade net is 60%, and the covering time is 24 months.
The height of the sunshade net from the seedbed ridge surface is 38-42 cm, and preferably 40 cm. A film supporting line and a steel frame are adopted to support the sunshade net to form the sunshade frame.
When the seedbed land is selected, a land block which is breathable and loose in soil, rich in humus, flat in terrain and convenient to drain and irrigate is selected in a proper growth area of the rhodiola kirilowii, and weeds are completely removed respectively before frost in autumn before sowing and after soil is unfrozen in the same year after sowing.
The land preparation of the seedbed is specifically operated as follows: deep ploughing the land before frost in autumn before sowing, harrowing the land after thawing in the same year, ridging and ditching, wherein the ditch depth is 0.3 +/-0.05 m, the ridge-to-ridge depth is 0.4 +/-0.05 m, the ridge width is 1.9 +/-0.1 m, and harrowing is carried out on the land surface to be sowed.
When selecting seeds, normal mature seeds are adopted, the seeds have no mildew, no plant diseases and insect pests, and good seeds are preserved.
The sowing period is 4-5 middle ten days after the soil is unfrozen, after the seedbed is arranged, seeds are sown, the covering depth of the seeds is 0.3-0.5 cm, the sowing amount is 2.5 g/square meter, the seeds and fine sand soil are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50-40 during sowing, the seeds are uniformly sown to the ridge surface, 0.2 +/-0.05 m wide-row channels are reserved in the center of the ridge surface during sowing, and therefore later-period soil covering and field management are facilitated.
The managing preferably comprises:
management in winter: the shading frame of the seedling growing land is reinforced in winter, and the shading frame is prevented from being damaged by wind and snow in winter.
Spring management: and (3) uncovering the sunshade net at the bottom of 4 months or at the beginning of 5 months after thawing to remove weeds, then covering the seedling bed with fine soil, and fully covering the soil gaps cracked by freeze thawing in winter, wherein the soil covering depth is 0.4-0.6 cm, preferably about 0.5cm, and the soil covering depth is the same in spring of the 2 nd year and the 3 rd year.
Field management: in the early 6 th ten days to 8 months in summer each year, in rainy seasons in alpine regions and in rainy seasons with vigorous weed breeding, weeding management is carried out on seedling growing lands, and drainage management is carried out in rainy seasons.
The time for transplanting the seedlings is before frost or after soil thawing in spring of the 4 th year after the overground parts of the plants wither and fall off in the 3 rd year after the seeds are sown. Preferably, in spring 4, after the soil is unfrozen, the rhodiola kirilowii seedlings can be transplanted in late 4 months for field production.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The rhodiola kirilowii seedling culture method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting and arranging seedbed lands: selecting a land block which is breathable and loose in soil, rich in humus, flat in terrain and convenient to drain and irrigate, and removing weeds respectively before autumn frost in the previous year and after soil thawing in the current year of sowing.
2. Preparing a seedbed: deep ploughing the land before frost in autumn before sowing, harrowing the land after thawing in the same year, ridging and ditching, wherein the ditch depth is 0.3 +/-0.05 m, the ridge-to-ridge depth is 0.4 +/-0.05 m, the ridge width is 1.9 +/-0.1 m, and harrowing is carried out on the land surface to be sowed.
3. Seed selection and seed treatment: the normal mature seeds are adopted, the seeds have no mildew, no plant diseases and insect pests, and the well preserved seeds are well preserved.
4. Sowing: in the alpine region (the region suitable for growth of rhodiola angustifolia) the sowing period is selected from the last ten days to the middle ten days of 5 months after soil is unfrozen, seeds are sown after the seedbed is arranged, the covering depth of the seeds is 0.3-0.5 cm, the sowing quantity is 2.5 g/square meter, and the seeds are mixed with fine sand soil according to the ratio of 1: 50-40 during sowing and are uniformly sown on the ridge surface.
5. And (4) coverage measures: different test treatments adopt sunshade nets with different shading rates and 2m widths for covering, the height of the sunshade net covering the ridge surface is 40cm, and the sunshade net is supported by adopting a film supporting line and a steel frame; the shading rate of the shading net is shown in table 1.
6. Covering time: and (4) building a frame to cover the sunshade net after the seeds are sowed, and removing the sunshade net, the steel frame and the like after covering for different time. The covering time of the sunshade net is shown in table 1.
7. Management in winter: the shading frame of the seedling growing land is reinforced in winter, and the shading frame is prevented from being damaged by wind and snow in winter.
8. Spring management: uncovering the shading net at the beginning of 5 months after thawing to remove weeds, then covering the seedling bed with fine soil, fully covering soil gaps cracked by freeze thawing in winter, wherein the soil covering depth is about 0.5cm, and the same in spring of the 2 nd year and the 3 rd year.
9. And (3) other field management: in the early 6 th ten days to 8 th month of summer each year, in rainy seasons in alpine regions and in strong weed breeding seasons, management such as weeding management on seedling growing lands and drainage needs to be performed in rainy seasons.
10. And (3) transplanting the seedlings for a long time: and in spring 4, after the soil is unfrozen, transplanting the rhodiola kirilowii seedlings in late 4 months, and carrying out field production.
And (3) measuring the germination rate and the seedling survival rate of the seeds treated by different sunshade nets, and observing the conditions of the seedlings, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
Wherein, the germination rate of the seeds is equal to the number of the seeds to be germinated/the number of the seeds to be sown multiplied by 100 percent
The survival rate of the seedlings is equal to the number of the seedlings/the number of the germinated seeds multiplied by 100 percent
TABLE 1 influence of shading intensity and duration on the growth of rhodiola kirilowii seedlings
Note: the germination rate of the seeds is counted in the first year in the vigorous growing season of the seedlings.
Therefore, the shading treatment changes the microclimate of the seed seedling raising field, can prevent seedling damage caused by rainstorm and hail scouring in extreme weather of plateaus, is beneficial to moisturizing and drought control, reduces the transpiration of the seedlings and prevents soil hardening. In table 1, K1-K9 are test groups, ck1 is a control group, and it can be seen that the seedling raising method of the present invention has high seed germination rate, seedling raising survival rate and underground biomass accumulation.
The proper shading time and strength are favorable for improving the seed germination rate and the seedling rate of the field seedling of the seeds and ensuring the uniformity of seedlings in the seedling stage;
the shading treatment time and intensity can change the distribution of the aboveground and underground biomass of the plants, the shading treatment time is short, the shading intensity is low, the late growth and biomass accumulation of the seedlings are not facilitated, and when the biomass of the rhodiola rosea is accumulated to a certain degree, the shading net is uncovered after the plants are strong, so that the plants can adapt to the external environment;
the medicinal parts of the rhodiola root are roots and rhizomes of the underground part, and the shading treatment time is too long, and the shading intensity is high, so that the transfer and accumulation of the aboveground biomass of the rhodiola kirilowii to the underground biomass are not facilitated.
The ck1 groups are not treated, the germination rate and the survival rate of the seedlings are not high in the field, and the biomass accumulation of seedlings at the later stage is slow; shading treatment is carried out for 12m, and under the treatment of 3 different shading strengths K1-K3, biomass accumulation in the current year is insufficient, seedlings grow in the weak and small later period and are difficult to adapt to extreme weather, and the death rate is high;
shading treatment is carried out for 24 months, under the treatment of 3 different shading strengths K4-K6, the biomass accumulation of the seedlings is proper, the seedlings can cope with extreme weather, the seedlings adapt to external conditions, the biomass starts to accumulate from the ground to the underground, rootstock growth is facilitated, particularly, the rootstock biomass accumulation is optimal when the shading degree is 60%, and the seedlings can be transplanted in the next year after 1-year non-shading treatment;
after the shading treatment is carried out for 36 months, under the treatment of 3 different shading strengths K7-K9, the shading time is long, although the seedling rate of the rhodiola angustifolia is high and the uniformity is strong, the accumulation of the biomass of the rhodiola angustifolia is not facilitated.
Claims (8)
1. The rhodiola kirilowii field seedling culture method comprises the steps of selecting a seedbed land, preparing a seedbed land, selecting seeds, sowing, managing and transplanting seedlings, and is characterized in that: and after sowing, covering by using a sunshade net with a shading rate of 55-65%, wherein the covering time is 22-25 months, and the height of the sunshade net from the seedbed ridge surface is 38-42 cm.
2. The rhodiola kirilowii field seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein: covering with a sunshade net with shading rate of 60% for 24 months.
3. The rhodiola kirilowii field seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the sunshade net from the seedbed ridge surface is 40 cm.
4. The rhodiola kirilowii field seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: when the seedbed land is selected, a land block which is air-permeable and loose in soil, contains humus, is flat in terrain and is convenient to drain and irrigate is selected in a proper growth area of the rhodiola kirilowii, and weeds are completely removed respectively before frost in autumn before sowing and after soil is unfrozen in the same year after sowing.
5. The rhodiola kirilowii field seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein: the land preparation of the seedbed is specifically operated as follows: deep ploughing the land before frost in autumn before sowing, harrowing the land after thawing in the same year, ridging and ditching, wherein the ditch depth is 0.3 +/-0.05 m, the ridge-to-ridge depth is 0.4 +/-0.05 m, the ridge width is 1.9 +/-0.1 m, and harrowing is carried out on the land surface to be sowed.
6. The rhodiola kirilowii field seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein: the sowing period is 4-5 middle ten days after the soil is unfrozen, after the seedbed is arranged, seeds are sown, the covering depth of the seeds is 0.3-0.5 cm, the sowing amount is 2.5 g/square meter, the seeds and fine sand soil are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 50-40 during sowing, the seeds are uniformly sown to the ridge surface, and 0.2 +/-0.05 m wide-row channels are reserved in the center of the ridge surface during sowing without sowing the seeds.
7. The rhodiola kirilowii field seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein: the management comprises the following steps:
management in winter: reinforcing a shading frame of the seedling growing land in winter;
spring management: uncovering the sunshade net at the bottom of 4 months or at the beginning of 5 months after thawing to remove weeds, then covering the seedling bed with fine soil, fully covering the soil gaps cracked by freeze thawing in winter, and covering soil with the depth of 0.4-0.6 cm;
field management: weeding management is carried out on the seedling growing land from 6 late months to 8 early months in summer every year, and drainage management is carried out in rainy seasons.
8. The rhodiola kirilowii field seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein: the seedling transplanting time is before frost in autumn of 3 years after seed sowing or after soil thawing in spring of 4 years.
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| CN107360840B (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2020-11-03 | 浙江麦根科技有限公司 | Domestication seedling raising method for low-altitude adaptive growth of rhodiola rosea |
| CN107455124B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-11-27 | 西藏诺迪康药业股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of rhodiola crenulata |
| CN107493937A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-22 | 宁夏西北药材科技有限公司 | A kind of Radix Astragali covers black film cavities method for culturing seedlings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101361446A (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2009-02-11 | 四川省川草工程咨询招标有限责任公司 | Rhodiola seed seedling-raising method and cultivation method |
| CN102428810A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-05-02 | 杜品 | Breeding method of Rhodiola kirilowii |
| CN103875431A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2014-06-25 | 付胜国 | Method for cultivation of improved variety of rhodiola sachalinensis in low-altitude plain area |
| CN104145691A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Method for sustainable management of high and cold sand land in Northwestern Sichuan with rhodiola rosea |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101361446A (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2009-02-11 | 四川省川草工程咨询招标有限责任公司 | Rhodiola seed seedling-raising method and cultivation method |
| CN102428810A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-05-02 | 杜品 | Breeding method of Rhodiola kirilowii |
| CN103875431A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2014-06-25 | 付胜国 | Method for cultivation of improved variety of rhodiola sachalinensis in low-altitude plain area |
| CN104145691A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Method for sustainable management of high and cold sand land in Northwestern Sichuan with rhodiola rosea |
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