CN103875431A - Method for cultivation of improved variety of rhodiola sachalinensis in low-altitude plain area - Google Patents
Method for cultivation of improved variety of rhodiola sachalinensis in low-altitude plain area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of rhodiola sachalinensis cultivation and provides a method for cultivation of an improved variety of rhodiola sachalinensis in a low-altitude plain area. The method aims to solve the technical problems that in the process of cultivation of the rhodiola sachalinensis, root rot is prone to occurrence, the rate of emergence of seeds is low, and the yield is low. According to the method for cultivation of the improved variety of the rhodiola sachalinensis in the low-altitude plain area, a production cycle lasts for four years, a sowing plate is used for sowing, a bed surface is covered with pine needles and a mulching film, a shading net is erected on a bed, and weeding is conducted in time; in the next year, field planting is conducted, and organic compound fertilizer and farmyard manure which is processed through ferment bacteria are applied additionally; in the third year, after the seeds are harvested, stems and leaves above the ground are cut off, and field cultivation, vegetative propagation and other measures are taken; in the fourth year, fertilization is conducted from early May, and other aspects are managed according to the third year. By means of the method, the rate of emergence is over 90.5% which is more than three times that of common seeds which are sown, the morbidity of root rot is below 0.01%, the purity of the seeds is up to 100%, and the content of salidroside is up to 0.88%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to page rhodiola root prevalent variety cultivation field, storehouse; Be specifically related to storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method.
Background technology
Storehouse page rhodiola root (Rhodiola sachalinensis), also be sachalin rhodiola rhizome, " the northeast flora " of Shenyang woods soil institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980 writing named as sachalin rhodiola rhizome, and within 1984, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Plants will editorial board change sachalin rhodiola rhizome to be decided to be storehouse page rhodiola root in " Chinese Plants will ".For the herbaceos perennial of Crassulaceae (Crassulaceae) rhodiola (Rhodiola).Storehouse page rhodiola root is rare traditional Chinese medicine, online as seen than also rare traditional Chinese medicine of ginseng, pilose antler, Cordyceps sinensis, tiger bone and Moschus, China's First medical science ancient books and records Shennong's Herbal, will find that rhodiola root is listed in impressively " top grade in medicine, support life with Ying Tian, nontoxic, take clothes of a specified duration more and do not hurt sb.'s feelings, the beneficial gas of making light of one's life by commiting suicide, the effect of always not prolonging life ".Ming Dynasty's Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) Compendium of Material Medica is thought rhodiola root, " herbal classic is top grade, and eliminating evil bad odor is mended various symptims and signs of deficiency and be known tonic institute rare ".Rhodiola root is called the celestial grass of graning by Kangxu.In its root and rhizome, contain taking rhodioloside as main secondary metabolites, there is protein metabolism, anti-inflammatory, cardiac stimulant, antitumor in antifatigue, resistance to anoxic, anti-ageing, radioresistance, promotion body, to two regulating actions of body, to micro-ization between central nervous system, the effect to cardio-cerebrovascular, the effect to chemical damage anti-fibrosis, the effect to senile heart failure diabetes, the effect that resists viral effect, antagonism damage, antagonism kidney and remove H2S intoxication, to regulating all very significant effects of tool of effect of nerve and endocrine system.
Storehouse page rhodiola root is mainly distributed in Russia, Korea, Japan and Chinese in the world, mainly be distributed on the Changbaishan area, Jilin Province in northeast and the part high mountain of the southeast, Zhang Guangcai ridge, Heilongjiang Province in China, grow between height above sea level 1700m～2500m more, be a kind of typical alpine plant, its typical habitats is under high lofty mountains birch elfin wood and alpine tundra band.
Storehouse page rhodiola root natural distribution is narrow, and habitat is severe, and natural regeneration power is low, and resource storage capacity is very limited, adds in recent years and excavates in a large number, causes its resource to be seriously damaged, and in Critical Condition, is now classified as second class protection plant by country.Current, wild storehouse page rhodiola root resource is in imminent danger, causes the extremely difficult supply of medicinal raw materials for production.
Root rot is that one of serious problems that storehouse page rhodiola root runs into are introduced a fine variety in low altitude area, is especially differing larger area with primitive environment.But regrettably, at present people also do not have very good way to the chemical control of storehouse page root of Rhodiola sachalinensis maize ear rot, integrated control be obviously most important be also the most basic preventive measure.
As can be seen here, no matter be the protection from Precious, Rare, Endangered wild resource, still develop storehouse page rhodiola root resource, introducing and planting research and the stock breeding of carrying out storehouse page rhodiola root are all very necessary.
Storehouse page rhodiola root is introduced a fine variety to low height above sea level flat area, especially introduces a fine variety very large difficulty to the low height above sea level of middle latitude flat area.Because the environmental condition of low height above sea level flat area growth environment facies former with it are poor very large.So, introducing a fine variety of the knob of storehouse page rhodiola root about the height above sea level 200m of southern foot, the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains, own just challenging.The variety of issue occurring in process is introduced a fine variety in research, not only has realistic meaning to producing and solve fine provenance, and can enrich the theory of plant introduction cultivation and stock breeding.
This it should be noted that, on the net this medicine be can be described as and covered the sky and the earth about the article of introducing now, also do not see that Chinese herbal medicine can cause such attention and propagation on the net simply, from the eighties in last century, various publications have all been published the medical value of storehouse page rhodiola root, its rare famous and precious etc. article, be referred to as " grass alive for evermore " " nine dead also swards " " Kangxu grants the celestial grass of graning " " imperial palace tribute used " " east god's grass " " gold plant " " in tonic rare " at that time its seed highest price fried 300,000 yuan one jin.People start the mad wild resource of excavating, back collect seed and breed, the plant that page rhodiola root in storehouse the most easily mixes in fact, at this moment close adopt back to breed as pseudo-ginseng red-spotted stonecrop, long white red-spotted stonecrop be used as medicine, these two kinds of red-spotted stonecrop plants, be the ornamental plantss of Jilin, Heilungkiang two provinces as floriculture, much market finds that there is this type of a large amount of red-spotted stonecrops selling, and does not ripely know that these red-spotted stonecrops can not be used as medicine.
More rare is the medicine of present domestic strong word class, the medicine of food word class is even cosmetics all indicate the composition of rhodiola root, that what rhodiola root is not known, what more worth people noted is, the sale that has rhodiola root rhizome in all parts of the country now, I investigate the large market of Bei'an state Chinese medicine of crossing the river, Guangzhou Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Hangzhou Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Chengdu Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Aba autonomous prefecture Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Market of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, Changchun Market of Chinese Materia Medica, except the Market of Chinese Materia Medica of Chengdu and Aba autonomous prefecture has the Radix Rhodiolae rhizome of 980 yuan a jin, a traditional unit of weight, remaining can say it is not storehouse page rhodiola root, substantially belong to long white red-spotted stonecrop and pseudo-ginseng red-spotted stonecrop.
The whole world is distributed with 97 kinds of rhodiola roots, in state-owned 73 kinds, at present through chemical examination and qualification, what have higher active ingredient only has 3 kinds can be used as medicine, each businessman be have a mind to or be not intended to, we do not go comment.
After entering July 20, it is withered and yellow that storehouse page rhodiola root young plant starts cauline leaf, progress into withering period, and withering period resistance is minimum, and rhizome starts to decay, and one until end of August is exactly dormancy, withering period during this period of time, about about 45 days.Root rot is relied on and is spread unchecked greatly at this moment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that in the page rhodiola root cultivating process of storehouse, easily root of hair maize ear rot, seeding ratio are low, the technical problem such as yield poorly; And provide storehouse, a kind of low height above sea level region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method.The inventive method has improved storehouse page rhodiola root seedling emergence rate, improved transplanting success simultaneously, capture this global problem of maize ear rot of taking root in third and fourth year of storehouse page rhodiola root seminal propagation, improve kind vegetative propagation and sexual propagation varietal purity, provide the field of improving the quality of varieties comprehensive production management method.
In the present invention, the page rhodiola root stock breeding of storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief 4 years is a production cycle, and furrow are planted, and specifically complete in the steps below:
Breed First Year:
(1) selection of land: it is the plot of corn or soybean that first crop before at the bottom of June of last chemical weed control time is selected in plot, or the standard high yield plot that drought can be filled with, waterlogging can be arranged is selected in plot, or half sand ground of the new reclamation of wasteland is selected in plot, empty 1 year of plot and machine management guarantee not have ripe grass-seed to land, and the autumn ploughs;
(2) do furrow: after ground leveling, open pavement and do furrow and obtain seed bed, furrow face soil is carefully if face and Horizon are as mirror;
(3) bubble kind: pack in clean cloth bag after cleaning storehouse page rhodiola root seed, brew 5～7 days with running water, control is dry;
(4) seed dressing: it is 2mm sieve that river sand is crossed aperture, dries after washing, then steeps 15min with boiling water, outwells water and dries, and river sand and seed are mixed, and river sand consumption is ten times of seed weight;
(5) seed bed is fetched water: fetch water to seed bed by 30 jin/m2, and levelling bed surface while fetching water;
(6) sowing: when 5cm place average daily temperature reaches 8～10 DEG C under earth's surface, use seed board firming in the seed bed after treatment of fetching water, the degree of depth of impression is no more than 1.5mm, broadcasts sowing through bubble kind of storehouse after treatment page rhodiola root seed, covers the lid seed soil of 1.5～2mm thickness; Lid seed soil is to transport shortly before autumn harvest the soil that 2mm sieves back.
(7) the pretreated pine needle of uniform fold after planting, loses bed surface and does not leak bedside, and described pine needle is chosen new pinus Sylvestris Var, Mongolica Needle or Korean Needle, and the pretreated method of pine needle is after pine needle removal of contamination, to spray 500 times of liquid of seed coat agent;
(8) covering with plastic film: covered covering with plastic film after pine needle, bed spreads thimet in week, every each 3 rickles in both sides, every heap 5g～6g, bed two side form limit firmings, until emergence rate reach 80%～90% and film under surface temperature remove mulch film while exceeding 35 DEG C;
(9) lid shade net: covered mulch film, the added shade net of bed;
(10) seedling management: the management of hoeing up weeds guarantees that seedbed is without grass, will spray water after hoeing up weeds at every turn, builds in time pine needle and shade net after water spray, by earth's surface see dry see wet carry out water management, removed shade net on October 5～10;
(11) preparation in field planting plot: the autumn climbs over rear preparation field planting plot, breeds Second Year field planting plot by breeding selecting of First Year;
Breed Second Year:
(12) prepare field planting bed: the mid or late April of Second Year starts to do bed sieve soil, the farmyard manures such as the calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, biological potassium organic compound fertilizer that bed Tu Lihunyi producer sells and the recovery chicken of a year, duck, pig, ox, 10 kilograms of ferment bacterium of use per ton are evenly mixed, the farmyard manure with Polypropylence Sheet covering after month.The farmyard manure of the ferment bacterium processing mentioned is hereinafter all for this reason fertile.Bed specification is the same with seed bed, and every mu adds 20 jin of compoiste fertilizers, and every mu adds 800 jin of cow dung dry powder;
(13) field planting: carry 60～65 row by every field planting bed, every row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first, with planting spade trench digging, it is straight and deeply even that ditch is wanted, in ditch, put seedling, seedling will grade, and large seedling is separately planted, and finishes seedling earthing root is pushed down, in ditch, water with kettle, after watering, cover once soil (dark water is transplanted), the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are flat, make a call to one time seedling recovering water after field planting after second day or three days again;
(14) field management:
Weeding standard is undertaken by First Year seedling management standard,
Lose earth's surface in 8 of mornings and return profit and water by every square metre of 10 jin of water,
Disease control: 7～August, within every ten days, spray 500 times of liquid of a fenaminosulf and 500 times of liquid of carbendazim, start from early July to chase after for every 15 days disposable fertilizer, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, and within every 20 days, appends once rare fertilizer, and this fertilizer is the farmyard manure of above-mentioned ferment bacterium processing, every 100 jin add after the even mixing of 25g ferment bacterium, and film covers to process after 20 days and adds 200 jin of water.Rare fertilizer of mentioning is hereinafter all this fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, topdress and be extended down to resting stage,
Pest control: in the middle of the every row of field planting bed, bedside is put raticide, places thimet at field planting bedside, puts a rickle thimet for every 3～4 meters, and every heap thimet weight is 5 grams;
(15) fine-variety breeding
A, from the second year the beginning of July all to know in field every year with the dissimilar variation plant of this product plant or hybrid.
B, from the 3rd year, the production of breeder's stock is carried out to vegetative propagation, all to from the seedbed of cultivation, select 5% growth every year best, the seedbed that upgrowth situation is good, digging out rhizome September selects, standard be rhizome without any rot, choose be applicable to this varietal characteristic, root top is lion head, the gemma of its lion head must be more than 30, without any mechanical damage.
After c, choosing, plant immediately above, cultivation standard is pressed Second Year field planting standard and is carried out.
The seed that d, this method are produced is breeder's stock.As breeding one-level commodity kind of a use.
E, the 3rd year, the 4th year, do not dug remaining seed bed, and the seed of production is one-level commercial seed.
Breed the 3rd year:
(16) seedbed moisture management: lose earth's surface in 7 of mornings and return profit and water, every mu of 200 jin of water, weeding in time guarantees that seedbed is without grass;
(17) field management:
Pest control: the first tenday period of a month in May, three rickle thimets were placed in every both sides, 5 grams, every heap,
Disease control: since May 1, chase after disposable fertilizer for every 15～20 days, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, blade face sprays one time potassium dihydrogen phosphate for every 15～20 days, within every 10～15 days, executes once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer;
(18) results: by the end of July-early August, every other day all to carry out seed results, harvest seed, cauline leaf more than ground is sliced off; The cauline leaf slicing off is cleaned with clear water, and the segment that is processed into 0.5 centimeter is dried, and this is storehouse page rhodiola root tea.
Breed the 4th year: executed disposable fertilizer since every 10 days of the first tenday period of a month in May rare, every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, and other field management was undertaken by the 3rd year; Wherein said rare fertilizer is all the 1 year farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed of ferment bacterium processing, and every 100 jin add after the even mixing of 25g ferment bacterium, and film covers to process after 20～30 days and adds 200 jin of water, and farmyard manure is chicken manure, duck excrement, cow dung etc.
Breed described in First Year the furrow of ridge-up bed high 20 centimetres, furrow are wide 1.2 meters, long 10～12 meters of furrow, and pavement is wide 60 centimetres, and furrow are to being north and south.
Breeding First Year motor-pumped well water fetches water to seedbed.
Breed the cork board of the long 1.2m of First Year seed board, wide 20cm, thick 1.5～2cm, can ensure the uniformity of planting depth, thereby improve emergence rate.
Breed the use low density web of former sowing on May 20 in First Year, density net in the use of sowing later on May 20, rack timber used adopts new wood, nothing to rot, net will be evened up, and selvage is pricked on timber with rope, and timber height is one meter, 6 centimetres of rugosity, 8～12 timbers of every use.
During breeding, soil moisture is large, and the beginning of March of coming year spills cigarette ash or ash on the snow on earth's surface, seedbed, selects the March of arid coming year in winter calm day seedling band to add the soil of taking precautions against drought, snowization earth's surface arid spray melt water.
Adopt Propagation of Rhizomes to substitute seminal propagation and carry out the breeding of storehouse page rhodiola root.
Field planting can adopt following method to carry out: by every at 60～65 row, every row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first, with planting spade trench digging, it is straight and deeply even that ditch is wanted, in ditch, put seedling, seedling will grade, and large seedling is separately planted, and more than of seedlings are evenly put in ditch, bury seedling rhizome, in the time having planted one or half, water (open fire transplanting) with watering can, the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are flat, beat once slow seedling after field planting after second day or three days.
Replacing furrow with ridge culture does; The row spacing of ridge culture is 60～70 centimetres, duplicate rows on ridge, triangle hydroponics, 25～30 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
China is applicable to the region of plantation storehouse page rhodiola root: Heilungkiang is domestic, Altai Region, xinjiang.Daily can sow annual April 20 to August 25, be preferably under earth's surface when 5cm place average daily temperature reaches 8～10 DEG C and sow, after August, sow unearthed seedling, annual yield can only equal 1/3rd sizes of sowing in April, weeds can be described as crop smothering in two No. ten later dates of seeding of June, because weeds speed of production is fast, each uprooting weed all will be with seedling, has reduced survival rate of seedlings.
Advantage of the present invention:
The inventive method emergence rate reaches more than 90.5%, equals other planting seed method emergence rates more than 3 times.The root rot incidence of disease is below 0.01%.
The storehouse page rhodiola root varietal purity that the present invention cultivates reaches 100%, and its red-spotted stonecrop salidroside content is 0.88%.The different rhizome rhodioside in page rhodiola root habitat, wild storehouse, content range is 0.101% to 0.684%.This explanation 0.88% equals its 8.7 to 1.29 times, 1400 to 1600 rhodiola roots of growing to obtain of forest zone, sea, Zhe Shi Heilongjiang Province height above sea level, Daxinganling District height above sea level is on 2300 meters of samples ground, 12 to 15 years raw content in 0.465%, 5 to 6 year 0.510%.Height above sea level is that life in 0.489%, 5 to 7 year is 0.253% at 6 to the 8 years raw red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content in 2000 meters of sample ground.Height above sea level is on 1800 meters of sample ground, and within 4 years, raw red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content is 0.233%.
Before storehouse page rhodiola root does not also enter resting stage, vitality is extremely vigorous, as the cauline leaf upper part slices off, the earth's surface bacterium that equals to have gone out under the sun shines a time, and after little son's root of storehouse leaf rhodiola root is upset, scape, the base of leaf on top grow new scape as the leek being sliced off, and new scape tool possesses exuberant vitality, and the instinct in crop will be bred the next generation and delayed and postponed resting stage.While growing up gradually to this batch of seed, impel its resting stage to pass by, it enters again vigorous vegetative period, and this is the further breakthrough of above-mentioned method of preventing and treating root rot in culture technique that continue, and due to the prolongation of lifetime, crucial effect has been played in the increase of the output to it.This is than increasing by 22%～32% without the output of this method cultivation.
Also utilize yeast-like fungi element and diammonium phosphate to process bed soil, increasing rich water quality management, postpones or breaks withering period simultaneously.
Bed is done to reduce 94.7% than the withered number of ck (refer to land sowing, contrast without any the sowing division of covering), and ridge is done to reduce 90.7% than the withered number of ck;
Bed is made plant height has increased by 58% than ck, and ridge is made plant height has increased by 33% than ck;
Bed is made scape number has increased by 141% than ck, and ridge is made scape number has increased by 121% than ck;
Bed is made root fresh weight has increased by 37% than ck, and ridge is made root fresh weight has increased by 37.7% than ck;
Bed is made complete stool fresh weight has increased by 52.2% than ck, and ridge is made complete stool fresh weight has increased by 50% than ck.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is 1 year raw seedling photo of storehouse page rhodiola root normal growth; Fig. 2 is 2 years raw seedling photos of storehouse page rhodiola root; Fig. 3 is 3 years raw seedling photos of storehouse page rhodiola root; Fig. 4 is 4 years raw seedling photos of storehouse page rhodiola root; Fig. 5 is 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola root dry product stem tubers and fibrous root photo; Fig. 6 is that 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots are about to results seed fruit photo; Fig. 7 is the top photo of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola root dry product piece roots; Fig. 8 is storehouse page rhodiola root seed photo.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: in present embodiment, the page rhodiola root stock breeding of storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief 4 years is a production cycle, and furrow are planted, and specifically complete in the steps below:
Breed First Year:
(1) selection of land: it is the plot of corn or soybean that first crop before at the bottom of June of last chemical weed control time is selected in plot, and the autumn ploughs;
(2) do furrow: after ground leveling, open pavement and do furrow and obtain seed bed, the thin as face of furrow face soil and Horizon are as mirror, and the furrow of ridge-up bed are high 20 centimetres, and furrow are wide 1.2 meters, 10 meters of furrow length, pavement is wide 60 centimetres, and furrow are to being north and south;
(3) bubble kind: pack in clean cloth bag after cleaning storehouse page rhodiola root seed, brew 5 days with running water, control is dry;
(4) seed dressing: it is 2mm sieve that river sand is crossed aperture, dries after washing, then steeps 15min with boiling water, outwells water and dries, and river sand and seed are mixed, and river sand consumption is ten times of seed weight; Lid seed soil must be to retract shortly before autumn harvest, the soil sieving without grass-seed and with 2mm sieve.
(5) seed bed is fetched water: fetch water to seed bed by 30 jin/m2, and levelling bed surface while fetching water;
(6) sowing: on April 25 (now under earth's surface, 5cm place average daily temperature reaches between 8～10 DEG C), erect to press with the cork board of the long 1.2m of seed board, wide 20cm, thick 2cm in seed bed after treatment fetching water; The degree of depth of impression is no more than 1.5mm, then in impression, broadcasts sowing through bubble kind of storehouse after treatment page rhodiola root seed, broadcasts the lid seed soil of rear covering 1.5～2mm thickness.
(7) the pretreated pine needle of uniform fold after planting, loses bed surface and does not leak bedside, and described pine needle is chosen new pinus Sylvestris Var, Mongolica Needle or Korean Needle, and the pretreated method of pine needle is after pine needle removal of contamination, to spray 500 times of liquid of seed coat agent;
(8) covering with plastic film: covered covering with plastic film after pine needle, bed spreads thimet in week, every each 3 rickles in both sides, every heap 5g～6g, bed two side form limit firmings, until emergence rate reach 80%～90% and film under surface temperature remove mulch film while exceeding 35 DEG C;
(9) lid shade net: cover mulch film, the added low density web shade net of bed, rack timber used adopts new wood, nothing to rot, and net will be evened up, and selvage is pricked on timber with rope, and timber height is one meter, 6 centimetres of rugosity, 10 timbers of every use;
(10) seedling management: the management of hoeing up weeds guarantees that seedbed is without grass, will spray water after hoeing up weeds at every turn, builds in time pine needle and shade net after water spray, by earth's surface see dry see wet carry out water management, removed shade net on October 5～10;
(11) preparation in field planting plot: the autumn climbs over rear preparation field planting plot, breeds Second Year field planting plot and selects by the standard of breeding First Year;
Breed Second Year:
(12) prepare field planting bed: the mid or late April of Second Year starts to do bed sieve soil, mixed with compoiste fertilizer and ferment bacterium farmyard manure after treatment, 800 kilograms every mu in bed soil.Bed specification is the same with seed bed, and every mu adds 20 jin of compoiste fertilizers.
(13) field planting: carry 60 row by every field planting bed, every row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first, with planting spade trench digging, it is straight and deeply even that ditch is wanted, in ditch, put seedling, seedling will grade, and large seedling is separately planted, and finishes seedling earthing root is pushed down, in ditch, water with kettle, after watering, cover once soil, the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are flat, make a call to one time seedling recovering water after field planting after second day or three days again;
(14) field management:
Weeding standard is undertaken by First Year seedling management standard,
Lose earth's surface in 8 of mornings and return profit and water by every square metre of 10 jin of water,
Disease control: 7～August, within every ten days, spray 500 times of liquid of a fenaminosulf and 500 times of liquid of carbendazim, start from early July to chase after for every 15 days disposable fertilizer, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, and within every 20 days, appends once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, topdress and be extended down to resting stage
Pest control: in the middle of the every row of field planting bed, bedside is put raticide, places thimet at field planting bedside, puts a rickle thimet for every 3.5 meters, and every heap thimet weight is 5 grams;
Breed the 3rd year:
(15) seedbed moisture management: lose earth's surface in 7 of mornings and return profit and water, every mu of 200 jin of water, weeding in time guarantees that seedbed is without grass;
(16) field management:
Pest control: the first tenday period of a month in May, three rickle thimets were placed in every both sides, 5 grams, every heap,
Disease control: since May 1, chase after disposable fertilizer for every 15 days, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, blade face sprays one time potassium dihydrogen phosphate for every 15～20 days, within every 20 days, executes once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer;
(17) results: by the end of July-early August, every other day all to carry out seed results, harvest seed, cauline leaf more than ground is sliced off; The cauline leaf slicing off is cleaned with clear water, and the segment that is processed into 0.5 centimeter is dried, and this is storehouse page rhodiola root tea.
Breed the 4th year: executed disposable fertilizer since every 10 days of the first tenday period of a month in May rare, every mu to chase after 500 kilograms of fertilizer rare, and other field management was undertaken by the 3rd year;
Fig. 1 is the photo of 1 year raw storehouse page rhodiola root seedling, and the top of the storehouse page rhodiola root of life in general 1 year can long 2-6 colored footpath.Fig. 2 is the photo of 2 years raw storehouse page rhodiola root seedling, and within 2 years, raw storehouse page rhodiola root plant height can reach 6 centimetres, and Hua Jing counts 15-30, though three strains vary in size on Fig. 2, is all the seedling of normal growth, and big-and-middle seedling respectively accounts for 40% left and right, and seedling accounts for 20% left and right.Fig. 3 is the photo of storehouse page rhodiola root seedling in 3 years raw June, and seedling rate can account for 14%～20%, and all the other are big-and-middle seedling.Fig. 4 is the photo of 4 years medium seedlings of raw storehouse page rhodiola root, and growing way is good.As shown in Figure 5, stem tuber growing way is good, well developed root system.As shown in Figure 6, seed maturity, full grains.Fig. 7 is the top of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola root dry product piece roots, and haircut indication and similar part are all bud buds, and bud bud number is many, and the quality of illustrated block root is better, is lion head, is the most typical mark of storehouse page rhodiola root.As shown in Figure 8, seed is tiny, maturation.
The methods storehouse page rhodiola root emergence rate of this enforcement reaches 90.5%, and varietal purity reaches 100%, has no root rot and occurs.The red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots is 0.88%.With the method ratio that does not cut cauline leaf, the output of rhizome has increased by 30%.
Embodiment two: the point that present embodiment is different from embodiment one is: field planting is to adopt ridge culture to replace bed to do, and the row spacing of ridge culture is 60 centimetres, duplicate rows on ridge, triangle hydroponics, 30 centimetres of spacing in the rows.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
The ridge of present embodiment is done to reduce 90.7% than the withered number of ck (refer to land sowing, contrast without any the sowing division of covering); Ridge is made plant height has increased by 33% than ck; Ridge is made scape number has increased by 121% than ck; Ridge is made root fresh weight has increased by 37.7% than ck; Ridge is made complete stool fresh weight has increased by 50% than ck.
The methods storehouse page rhodiola root emergence rate of this enforcement reaches 90.5%, and varietal purity reaches 100%, has no root rot and occurs.The red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots is 0.88%.With the method ratio that does not cut cauline leaf, the output of rhizome has increased by 25%.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is different from embodiment one: breed First Year plot selection of land piece and select the standard high yield plot that drought can be filled with, waterlogging can be arranged, the autumn ploughs.
Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
The methods storehouse page rhodiola root emergence rate of this enforcement reaches 90.9%, and varietal purity reaches 100%, has no root rot and occurs.The red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots is 0.88%.With the method ratio that does not cut cauline leaf, the output of rhizome has reduced 28%.
Embodiment four: present embodiment is different from embodiment one: breed First Year plot and select half sand ground of the new reclamation of wasteland, empty 1 year of plot and machine management guarantee not have ripe grass-seed to land, and the autumn ploughs.
The methods storehouse page rhodiola root emergence rate of this enforcement reaches 90.1%, and varietal purity reaches 100%, has no root rot and occurs.The red-spotted stonecrop glycosides content of 4 years raw storehouse page rhodiola roots is 0.88%.With the method ratio that does not cut cauline leaf, the output of rhizome has reduced 29.5%.
Claims (10)
1. storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method, is characterized in that the page rhodiola root stock breeding of storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief 4 years is a production cycle, and furrow are planted, and specifically complete in the steps below:
Breed First Year:
(1) selection of land: it is the plot of corn or soybean that first crop before at the bottom of June of last chemical weed control time is selected in plot, or the standard high yield plot that drought can be filled with, waterlogging can be arranged is selected in plot, or half sand ground of the new reclamation of wasteland is selected in plot, empty 1 year of plot and machine management guarantee not have ripe grass-seed to land, and the autumn ploughs;
(2) do furrow: after ground leveling, open pavement and do furrow and obtain seed bed, furrow face soil is carefully if face and Horizon are as mirror;
(3) bubble kind: pack in clean cloth bag after cleaning storehouse page rhodiola root seed, brew 5～7 days with running water, control is dry;
(4) seed dressing: it is 2mm sieve that river sand is crossed aperture, dries after washing, then steeps 15min with boiling water, outwells water and dries, and river sand and seed is mixed to acquisition and cover seed soil, and river sand consumption is ten times of seed weight;
(5) seed bed is fetched water: fetch water to seed bed by 30 jin/m2, and levelling bed surface while fetching water;
(6) sowing: when 5cm place average daily temperature reaches 8～10 DEG C under earth's surface, broadcast sowing through bubble kind of storehouse after treatment page rhodiola root seed in the seed bed after treatment of fetching water, use seed board firming, the degree of depth of impression is no more than 1.5mm, covers the lid seed soil of 1.5～2mm thickness;
(7) the pretreated pine needle of uniform fold after planting, loses bed surface and does not leak bedside, and described pine needle is chosen new pinus Sylvestris Var, Mongolica Needle or Korean Needle, and the pretreated method of pine needle is after pine needle removal of contamination, to spray 500 times of liquid of seed coat agent;
(8) covering with plastic film: covered covering with plastic film after pine needle, bed spreads thimet in week, every each 3 rickles in both sides, every heap 5g～6g, bed both sides firming, until emergence rate reach 80%～90% and film under surface temperature remove mulch film while exceeding 35 DEG C;
(9) lid shade net: covered mulch film, the added shade net of bed;
(10) seedling management: the management of hoeing up weeds guarantees that seedbed is without grass, will spray water after hoeing up weeds at every turn, builds in time pine needle and shade net after water spray, by earth's surface see dry see wet carry out water management, removed shade net on October 5～10;
(11) preparation in field planting plot: the autumn climbs over rear preparation field planting plot, breeds Second Year field planting plot by breeding selecting of First Year;
Breed Second Year:
(12) prepare field planting bed: the mid or late April of Second Year starts to do bed sieve soil, mixed with compoiste fertilizer and cow dung dry powder and the ferment bacterium of becoming thoroughly decomposed 1 year in bed soil, bed specification is the same with seed bed, and every mu adds the farmyard manure of 20 jin of compoiste fertilizers and ferment bacterium processing, and every mu adds 800 kilograms.
(13) field planting: carry 60～65 row by every field planting bed, every row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first, with planting spade trench digging, it is straight and deeply even that ditch is wanted, in ditch, put seedling, seedling will grade, and large seedling is separately planted, and finishes seedling earthing root is pushed down, in ditch, water with kettle, after watering, cover once soil, the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are flat, make a call to one time seedling recovering water after field planting after second day or three days again;
(14) field management:
Weeding standard is undertaken by First Year seedling management standard,
Lose earth's surface in 8 of mornings and return profit and water by every square metre of 10 jin of water,
Disease control: 7～August, within every ten days, spray 500 times of liquid of a fenaminosulf and 500 times of liquid of carbendazim, start from early July to chase after for every 15 days disposable fertilizer, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, and within every 20 days, appends once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, topdress and be extended down to resting stage
The extermination of disease and insect pest: in the middle of the every row of field planting bed, bedside is put raticide, places thimet at field planting bedside, puts a rickle thimet for every 3～4 meters, and every heap thimet weight is 5 grams;
(15) fine-variety breeding
A, from the second year the beginning of July all to know in field every year with the dissimilar variation plant of this product plant or hybrid.
B, from the 3rd year, the production of breeder's stock is carried out to vegetative propagation, all to from the seedbed of cultivation, select 5% growth every year best, the seedbed that upgrowth situation is good, digging out rhizome September selects, standard be rhizome without any rot, choose be applicable to this varietal characteristic, root top is lion head, the gemma of its lion head must be more than 30, without any mechanical damage.
After c, choosing, plant immediately above, cultivation standard is pressed Second Year field planting standard and is carried out.
The seed that d, this method are produced is breeder's stock.As breeding one-level commodity kind of a use.
E, the 3rd year, the 4th year, do not dug remaining seed bed, and the seed of production is one-level commercial seed.
Breed the 3rd year:
(16) seedbed moisture management: lose earth's surface in 7 of mornings and return profit and water, every mu of 200 jin of water, weeding in time guarantees that seedbed is without grass;
(17) field management:
Pest control: the first tenday period of a month in May, three rickle thimets were placed in every both sides, 5 grams, every heap,
Disease control: since May 1, chase after disposable fertilizer for every 15～20 days, every mu of 30 jin of fertilizer, described fertilizer is mixed by 2:1 mass ratio by phosphoric acid diamines and biological potassium fertilizer, blade face sprays one time potassium dihydrogen phosphate for every 15～20 days, within every 20 days, executes once rare fertilizer, and every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer;
(18) results: by the end of July-early August, every other day all to carry out seed results, harvest seed, cauline leaf more than ground is sliced off; The cauline leaf slicing off is cleaned with clear water, and the segment that is processed into 0.5 centimeter is dried, and this is storehouse page rhodiola root tea.
Breed the 4th year: executed once rare fertilizer since every 20 days of the first tenday period of a month in May, every mu chases after 500 kilograms of rare fertilizer, and other field management was undertaken by the 3rd year;
Wherein said rare fertilizer is all the 1 year farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed of ferment bacterium processing, and every 100 jin add after the even mixing of 25g ferment bacterium, and film covers to process after 20～30 days and adds 200 jin of water.
2. storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, is characterized in that breeding described in First Year the furrow of ridge-up bed high 20 centimetres, and furrow are wide 1.2 meters, long 10～12 meters of furrow, and pavement is wide 60 centimetres, and furrow are to being north and south.
3. storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, is characterized in that breeding First Year motor-pumped well water and fetches water to seedbed.
4. storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, the cork board that it is characterized in that breeding the long 1.2m of First Year seed board, wide 20cm, thick 1.5～2cm.
5. storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, it is characterized in that breeding the use low density web that in First Year, May 20 was sowed in the past, density net in the use of sowing later on May 20, rack timber used adopts new wood, nothing to rot, net will be evened up, and selvage is pricked on timber with rope, and timber height is one meter, 6 centimetres of rugosity, 8～12 timbers of every use.
6. storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief according to claim 1 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, during it is characterized in that breeding, the beginning of March of soil moisture large coming year spills cigarette ash or ash on the snow on earth's surface, seedbed, select the March of arid coming year in winter calm day seedling band to add the soil of taking precautions against drought, snowization earth's surface arid spray melt water.
7. according to storehouse, the low height above sea level region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method described in any one in claim 1-6, it is characterized in that substituting seminal propagation with Propagation of Rhizomes.
8. according to storehouse, the low height above sea level region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method described in any one in claim 1-6, it is characterized in that field planting adopts following method to carry out: by every at 60～65 row, every row 8 strain to 10 strain field planting, first ditch with planting spade, it is straight and deeply even that ditch is wanted, in ditch, put seedling, seedling will grade, large seedling is separately planted, by more than of seedlings evenly pendulum in ditch, bury seedling rhizome, in the time having planted one or half, water with watering can, the cotyledon of every strain seedling and ground are flat, beat once slow seedling after field planting after second day or three days.
9. according to storehouse, the low height above sea level region of no relief page rhodiola root stock breeding method described in any one in claim 1-6, it is characterized in that replacing furrow with ridge culture does.
10. storehouse, low height above sea level region of no relief according to claim 9 page rhodiola root stock breeding method, is characterized in that the row spacing of ridge culture is 60～70 centimetres, duplicate rows on ridge, triangle hydroponics, 25～30 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
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| CN104145691A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Method for sustainable management of high and cold sand land in Northwestern Sichuan with rhodiola rosea |
| CN104604503A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-13 | 浙江大学 | Method for root rot resistance and growth promotion of rhodiola rosea through biological prevention and control |
| CN104620914A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-20 | 浙江大学 | Biological control method for achieving disease resistance and growth promotion for radix tetrastigme |
| CN104620914B (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2016-09-14 | 浙江大学 | A kind of biological control method of the disease-resistant growth-promoting of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) |
| CN106171476A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-12-07 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Maxim. field method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106171476B (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-12-20 | 四川省草原科学研究院 | Rhodiola kirilowii field seedling culture method |
| CN110477022A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-22 | 江苏萤火虫环境科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to prevent and treat S.plumbizincicola rotten method and fungicide under high temperature and rainy weather |
| CN110477022B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏萤火虫环境科技有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating root rot of sedum plumbizincicola in high-temperature rainy weather and bactericide |
| CN115968886A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-04-18 | 西藏诺迪康药业股份有限公司 | Environment-friendly rhodiola crenulata seed coating agent and coating method in Qinghai-Tibet plateau area |
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