CN104938166A - Common bletilla tuber high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a common bletilla tuber high-yield cultivation method. The method adopts the first step of soil preparation and fertilization; the second step of transplantation and fix planting; the third step of intertillage and weeding; the fourth step of first year fertilization; the fifth step of second year fertilization; the sixth step of pest control; the seventh step of harvesting in time. By means of the common bletilla tuber high-yield cultivation method, the commodity drying rate is increased by 10%, and the yield is increased by 10%; the method is a non-test tube efficient rapid propagation technology.

Description

A kind of bletilla striata high-yield cultivating method

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to a kind of bletilla striata high-yield cultivating method.

Background technology

Bletilla has another name called Lian Jicao, Gan Gen, gives free of charge, indocalamus is blue, Zhu Lan " presbyopic glasses ", purple orchid, purple a species of orchid, hundred large bamboo hats with a conical crown and broad brim.Belong to perennial herb bulbous plant (block root), be mainly distributed in China, Taiwan, Japan and Upper Myanmar.Hua Mei is applicable to the use of viewing and admiring, and the name after its bulb dries is called that bletilla has another name called the bletilla striata, understands splendid achnatherum, purple blue root, Gan Gen, give free of charge, and belong to Chinese herbal medicine, other also has the purposes being used as thickener.The pattern of general kind is aubergine, so another name is purple blue; Separately there is the flower of a mutation for white, be called and spend the bletilla striata in vain.Other also has yellow, pink, redness and blue horticultural gardening kind.The main florescence is in spring, but according to the difference of various places weather, evening, Winter Solstice, early summer all may be bloomed.If plantation, summer, because the easy sun blister of blade tip, should be adopted the mode of irradiating for 1st, avoid with a western exposure as far as possible.

Rhizome, slightly in irregular oblateness or rhombus, has 2-3 difference like palmate, long 1.5-5cm, thick 0.5-1.5cm.Surface canescence or yellow-white, have fine wrinkle, has protruding stem trace above, also has the vestige connecting another stem tuber below; Centered by stem trace, several sepia concentricity, the mark of fibrous root of residual brown point-like on ring.Matter is hard, not frangibility.Section off-white color, translucent, cutin sample, is dispersed in point-like vascular bundle as seen.Meal is met water and is namely expanded, and have remarkable stick-slip sense, infusion is colloid sample.Odorless, bitter, the toughness of chewing.With individual large, full, look white, translucent, the solid person of matter is good.

The bletilla striata is according to being used as medicine with the string root stem tuber of subterranean root.Function astringing to arrest bleeding, detumescence and promoting granulation, treatment spitting of blood, haematemesis, traumatism and bleeding, have blood in stool, nosebleed, have special efficacy to empsyxis, UGB and traumatism and bleeding especially.Nowadays, the stub of senior cigarette glues with the bletilla striata.Doing internal medicine operation, do not stitch, is also sticky bletilla striata film.It also can make herbal cuisine, has the function of beauty treatment ecchymose removing, fat-reducing.Because the bletilla striata blooms very gorgeous, potted plantly can view and admire again, there is higher ornamental value.Its reason is the impact in recent years by medicinal demand and the sought-after growth of gardening, China's bletilla striata market demand also showed increased; Excessively excavate and cause wild resource amount actively to decline with environmental disruption.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome existing demand large, the shortcoming that output is few, thus a kind of bletilla striata high-yield cultivating method is provided.

A kind of bletilla striata high-yield cultivating method, adopts following steps:

Step one:, apply fertilizer wholely

Select loose fertile sandy loam and humus loam, warm, slightly dark and damp environment, does not resist cold.During well-drained mountain region plantation, Schattenseite virgin land should be selected to plant.Soil is turned over more than 20 centimetres, manuring and compost, execute 1000-1500 kilograms, make soil and fertilizer mix evenly with ploughing deeply for every mu; Plough shallowly before planting once, whole for soil thin, rake, the high furrow of wide 130 centimetres of bedding;

Step 2: transplant planting

The bletilla striata is more difficult with planting seed, cuts stem tuber and breeds easier; Dug out by the bletilla striata at the beginning of 3 months, select size medium, eye is many, anosis stem tuber, with cutter crosscut fritter, and every block band 2 ~ 3 buds, wound is planted after being stained with ash; With picking trench digging, ditch apart from 25 centimetres, dark 10 centimetres, directedly puts 2, stem tuber by spacing in the rows 7 ~ 8 centimetres, bud upwards, earthing, compacting, waters, and covers grass;

Step 3: intertill and clean tillage

The bletilla striata requires very strict in field management weeding, first time weeding April, after bletilla striata seedling all sprouts; What June, the bletilla striata grew is very vigorous, and it is very fast that weeds also grow, and carries out second time weeding; Third time 8-9 month weeding once; Carry out when planting crop harvesting between 4th weeding combines, pine furrow face, building, each weeding is all charged hoe, so as not to hindering root;

Step 4: First Year applies fertilizer

First Year is filled the gaps with seedlings for 7 ~ 15 days after field planting, ensures completely to plant kind, do not lack nest, guarantees stable high yield; The evaluation of field plant growing way is carried out, if weak liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500 ㎏/mu clearly that imposes of seedling growing way once carries seed manure after 30 days; Topdress according to seedling growing state after two months; Topdressing method can foliage-spray or solution pouring; Growing period is noted ensureing that soil moisture content is about 75%, is conducive to plant strain growth.Rainy day notes draining, forbids occurring seeping phenomenon;

Step 5: Second Year applies fertilizer

Second Year once topdresses early spring, promotes that Second Year block root grows fast and expands; Fertilizer formula is: ternary compound fertilizer 100 ㎏+medicinal material special fertilizer 100 ㎏/mu+trace element fertilizer; Fertilizing method adopts perforated method, and in the middle of two plant, dig a fertilising cave, the degree of depth is 10 ㎝, and on average executed in cave by the fertilizer after Homogeneous phase mixing, blinding covers railway carriage or compartment; Note irrigating during arid in 9 ~ October, ensure that soil moisture content is about 80%, is conducive to plant strain growth; Rainy day notes draining, forbids occurring seeping phenomenon;

Step 6: the extermination of disease and insect pest

1) root rot

Occur rainy season at spring and summer; Prevention and controls: note water drainage waterproof; Find that the plant of causing harm carries out excavating process immediately, then carry out root irrigation with limewash, propagation of preventing something from spreading;

2) cutworm

Spray with chemical pesticide phoxim solution;

Step 7: in good time gather in the crops

According to the growing way of the bletilla striata, grasp and reasonably gather in the crops best period, old suitably tender, breeding can be accelerated, can seed output and quality be improved again.

The beneficial effect of employing technique scheme is:

Commodity Drying rate of the present invention improves 10%, and output promotes 10%; Non-test tube high efficiency quick breeding technology.

Embodiment

Below the present invention is described in further detail:

A kind of bletilla striata high-yield cultivating method, adopts following steps:

Step one:, apply fertilizer wholely

Select loose fertile sandy loam and humus loam, warm, slightly dark and damp environment, does not resist cold.During well-drained mountain region plantation, Schattenseite virgin land should be selected to plant.Soil is turned over more than 20 centimetres, manuring and compost, execute 1000-1500 kilograms, make soil and fertilizer mix evenly with ploughing deeply for every mu; Plough shallowly before planting once, whole for soil thin, rake, the high furrow of wide 130 centimetres of bedding;

Step 2: transplant planting

The bletilla striata is more difficult with planting seed, cuts stem tuber and breeds easier; Dug out by the bletilla striata at the beginning of 3 months, select size medium, eye is many, anosis stem tuber, with cutter crosscut fritter, and every block band 2 ~ 3 buds, wound is planted after being stained with ash; With picking trench digging, ditch apart from 25 centimetres, dark 10 centimetres, directedly puts 2, stem tuber by spacing in the rows 7 ~ 8 centimetres, bud upwards, earthing, compacting, waters, and covers grass;

Step 3: intertill and clean tillage

The bletilla striata requires very strict in field management weeding, first time weeding April, after bletilla striata seedling all sprouts; What June, the bletilla striata grew is very vigorous, and it is very fast that weeds also grow, and carries out second time weeding; Third time 8-9 month weeding once; Carry out when planting crop harvesting between 4th weeding combines, pine furrow face, building, each weeding is all charged hoe, so as not to hindering root;

Step 4: First Year applies fertilizer

First Year is filled the gaps with seedlings for 7 ~ 15 days after field planting, ensures completely to plant kind, do not lack nest, guarantees stable high yield; The evaluation of field plant growing way is carried out, if weak liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500 ㎏/mu clearly that imposes of seedling growing way once carries seed manure after 30 days; Topdress according to seedling growing state after two months; Topdressing method can foliage-spray or solution pouring; Growing period is noted ensureing that soil moisture content is about 75%, is conducive to plant strain growth.Rainy day notes draining, forbids occurring seeping phenomenon;

Step 5: Second Year applies fertilizer

Second Year once topdresses early spring, promotes that Second Year block root grows fast and expands; Fertilizer formula is: ternary compound fertilizer 100 ㎏+medicinal material special fertilizer 100 ㎏/mu+trace element fertilizer; Fertilizing method adopts perforated method, and in the middle of two plant, dig a fertilising cave, the degree of depth is 10 ㎝, and on average executed in cave by the fertilizer after Homogeneous phase mixing, blinding covers railway carriage or compartment; Note irrigating during arid in 9 ~ October, ensure that soil moisture content is about 80%, is conducive to plant strain growth; Rainy day notes draining, forbids occurring seeping phenomenon;

Step 6: the extermination of disease and insect pest

1) root rot

Occur rainy season at spring and summer; Prevention and controls: note water drainage waterproof; Find that the plant of causing harm carries out excavating process immediately, then carry out root irrigation with limewash, propagation of preventing something from spreading;

2) cutworm

Spray with chemical pesticide phoxim solution;

Step 7: in good time gather in the crops

According to the growing way of the bletilla striata, grasp and reasonably gather in the crops best period, old suitably tender, breeding can be accelerated, can seed output and quality be improved again.

Specific embodiments is:

1) provenance collection:

Adopt the local wild bletilla striata by detoxication and tissue culture artificial cultivation varieties, set up base, nursery;

2) draft breed, culture technique is as follows:

The source of A, provenance: the genuine bletilla striata varieties in Guizhou;

The mode of reproduction of B, employing: utilize the root of the bletilla striata to carry out plant division cultivation and breed;

C, seedbed make:

A selects soil block: select soil layer deep, irrigation conditions is good, soil, water quality and free of contamination sandy loam;

B selects breeding: gather wild local bletilla striata kind, select then anosis, without the stem tuber of worm, the healthy and strong bletilla striata as original seed;

D, nursery in good time:

In October last year-utilize March next year the stem tuber of the bletilla striata to carry out plant division nursery, do seedbed with sandy loam, within 2 years, seedbed is 1: 8 with land for growing field crops ratio; After seedbed is selected, apply farmyard manure 1500---2000 kilograms, deep ploughing, and rake whole thin after make the seedbed of wide 1.5 meters, seedbed makes identical with seed seedling-raising, and plant division seedling density is 13 × 13 centimetres, after emerging, execute a loose stool water, note the not sticky seedling cauline leaf of liquid dung, exempted to hinder seedling.

E, planting density, gather in the crops in good time:

A transplants dense planting: select fertile soil, irrigation and drainage easily rice field turn over plough, rake thin, flatten after hold " cross " ditch and gutter successfully, require furrow width 30 centimetres, ditch depth 25 centimetres, bottom of trench is smooth, and draining is unobstructed; And then by 1.2 meters, every railway carriage or compartment wide enter ditching, ridging, face, ridge requires smooth, nursery was transplanted complete to October last year-March next year after 2 years, general line-spacing 25 centimetres, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, takes the directed ridge planting of two strain, plant 10000 strains for every mu, the suitable thin planting that soil block fertility is good, choosing cloudy day or fine day are early, evening transplants, and water 1 normal root water after cultivation;

B, to apply fertilizers scientifically: adopt fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, fertilization principle will be formed by soil nutrient and based on bletilla striata regulation of fertilizer requirement, be created demonstrative project yield target for index with high yield, formulation Formula fertilization by soil testing scheme; Around surveying soil, filling a prescription, joining the substances such as fertilizer, fertilizer and fertilising, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and fertilization effect;

C, intertill and clean tillage: each intertill and clean tillage combines fertilising to carry out together;

D, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the kind of often observing bletilla striata damage by disease and insect selects effective prevention and controls;

E, in good time results: according to the growing way of the bletilla striata, grasp and reasonably gather in the crops best period, old suitably tender, can accelerate breeding, can improve seed output and quality again.

Claims (1)

1. a bletilla striata high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that: it adopts following steps:

Step one:, apply fertilizer wholely

Select loose fertile sandy loam and humus loam, warm, slightly dark and damp environment, does not resist cold; During well-drained mountain region plantation, Schattenseite virgin land should be selected to plant; Soil is turned over more than 20 centimetres, manuring and compost, execute 1000-1500 kilograms, make soil and fertilizer mix evenly with ploughing deeply for every mu; Plough shallowly before planting once, whole for soil thin, rake, the high furrow of wide 130 centimetres of bedding;

Step 2: transplant planting

The bletilla striata is more difficult with planting seed, cuts stem tuber and breeds easier; Dug out by the bletilla striata at the beginning of 3 months, select size medium, eye is many, anosis stem tuber, with cutter crosscut fritter, and every block band 2 ~ 3 buds, wound is planted after being stained with ash; With picking trench digging, ditch apart from 25 centimetres, dark 10 centimetres, directedly puts 2, stem tuber by spacing in the rows 7 ~ 8 centimetres, bud upwards, earthing, compacting, waters, and covers grass;

Step 3: intertill and clean tillage

The bletilla striata requires very strict in field management weeding, first time weeding April, after bletilla striata seedling all sprouts; What June, the bletilla striata grew is very vigorous, and it is very fast that weeds also grow, and carries out second time weeding; Third time 8-9 month weeding once; Carry out when planting crop harvesting between 4th weeding combines, pine furrow face, building, each weeding is all charged hoe, so as not to hindering root;

Step 4: First Year applies fertilizer

First Year is filled the gaps with seedlings for 7 ~ 15 days after field planting, ensures completely to plant kind, do not lack nest, guarantees stable high yield; The evaluation of field plant growing way is carried out, if weak liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500 ㎏/mu clearly that imposes of seedling growing way once carries seed manure after 30 days; Topdress according to seedling growing state after two months; Topdressing method can foliage-spray or solution pouring; Growing period is noted ensureing that soil moisture content is about 75%, is conducive to plant strain growth.Rainy day notes draining, forbids occurring seeping phenomenon;

Step 5: Second Year applies fertilizer

Second Year once topdresses early spring, promotes that Second Year block root grows fast and expands; Fertilizer formula is: ternary compound fertilizer 100 ㎏+medicinal material special fertilizer 100 ㎏/mu+trace element fertilizer; Fertilizing method adopts perforated method, and in the middle of two plant, dig a fertilising cave, the degree of depth is 10 ㎝, and on average executed in cave by the fertilizer after Homogeneous phase mixing, blinding covers railway carriage or compartment; Note irrigating during arid in 9 ~ October, ensure that soil moisture content is about 80%, is conducive to plant strain growth; Rainy day notes draining, forbids occurring seeping phenomenon;

Step 6: the extermination of disease and insect pest

1) root rot

Occur rainy season at spring and summer; Prevention and controls: note water drainage waterproof; Find that the plant of causing harm carries out excavating process immediately, then carry out root irrigation with limewash, propagation of preventing something from spreading;

2) cutworm

Spray with chemical pesticide phoxim solution;

Step 7: in good time gather in the crops

According to the growing way of the bletilla striata, grasp and reasonably gather in the crops best period, old suitably tender, breeding can be accelerated, can seed output and quality be improved again.