CN104938168A - Half-height ridge mulching and self-germination type potato cultivation method - Google Patents
Half-height ridge mulching and self-germination type potato cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a half-height ridge mulching and self-germination type potato cultivation method includes: carrying out drip irrigation under half-height ridge mulches, and sowing on ridges according to a double-row planting mode with a small line spacing being 30-35cm and a large line spacing being 55-60cm, wherein the row spacing is 32-38cm, and the sowing density is 52500-60000 plants/hm<2>; laying irrigation pipes among small-line-spacing areas; sowing in early May as long as the temperature of earth 10cm in depth reaches 8-10 DEG C, wherein sowing depth is 6-12cm, ridging height is 10cm, ridge width is 50-65cm, ridge distance is 100-130cm, thickness of covering soil is 5-7cm, and earthing is supposed to be carried out on the same day of sowing or finished within 5-7d. By compete earthing after sowing, soil fertilizer conditions are effectively improved, the mulches are protected from being broken by strong wind in spring, and growth of grass on land is restrained. In addition, the method has the advantages of earth temperature raise, shortening of germinating and harvesting time and realization of self-unearthing of the potatoes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato culture method, refer in particular to a kind of potato half high ridge overlay film and to emerge cultivation method from rupture of membranes.
Background technology
Potato is the main economy of China and cereal crops, and it likes cool cold-resistant, barren-resistant, wide adaptability, very large, particularly strict especially to the requirement of moisture in the potato block puberty to the needs of moisture in process of growth.Short of rain to drought, spring is windy and dusty, and water erosion is eroded serious northern dry farming producing region, and the moisture requirement meeting potato different growth stage is a large crucial problem of its growth.Traditional potato culture mode, can not adapt to the needs of market development at present.The department of agri-scientific research for many years absorbs domestic and international advanced cultivation method, takes the technology of plastic film mulching cultivation.Facts have proved, at Arid&semi-arid area, flat do the plastic mulching of plantation potato can reduce air-dry, the loss of moisture and ground rising, maximally utilise underground moisture, suppress weed growth, improve ground temperature, reduce wind erosion infringement, have and heat, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, improve soil physico-chemical property, increase soil fertility, suppress weed growth, alleviate all multiactions such as disease.Crop precocity, high yield can be made, improve quality thus increase potato yield.
But, putting down does in the culture technique of mulching planting potato, put seedling be one be pressed for time, take a lot of work, time-consuming key link, manual operation can only be leaned on, along with the continuous enlargement of potato planting area and the continuous rising of labor cost, the major issue that seedling had become impact and puzzlement potato expanding production is already put in field.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of potato half high ridge overlay film and emerges cultivation method from rupture of membranes, this cultivation method comprise early stage wholely, seed selection, potato seed process, mechanical ridging, mulch sowing, field management.The core of this cultivation method is full earthing, self-mulching-pricking on Film mulch sowing, film, need not manually break seedling, and potato can be made to emerge date and vegetative period in advance, and Miao Qimiao is strong, reduces production cost, improves planting benefit.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is realized by following scheme: potato half high ridge overlay film to be emerged cultivation method from rupture of membranes, and step is followed successively by: selection of land and whole; Basal dressing; Potato seed is cut and is planted and potato seed process; Ridging shaping; Sowing: lay droping irrigating pipe; Overlay film; Full earthing on film; Field management; Drip irrigation and the extermination of disease and insect pest, is characterized in that: the mode of described sowing is that half high ridge culture under-film drip irrigation adopts large micro-ridge duplicate rows cropping pattern, and ridge platform is sowed, little line-spacing is 30 ~ 35cm, wide row space is 55 ~ 60cm, and spacing in the rows is 32 ~ 38cm, and thickness of sowing is 52500 ~ 60000 strains/hm
2, drip irrigation pipe is laid in the middle of little line-spacing, and the sowing time is in the first tenday period of a month in May, can sow when soil 10cm depths ground temperature reaches 8 ~ 10 DEG C, sowing depth is 6 ~ 12cm, glues heavy and slowly drained soil answers upper seeding, the degree of depth is 6 ~ 8cm, and sandy loam will seed deeply, the most deeply can not more than 12cm.
The present invention also comprises following scheme: the ridge height of described ridging shaping is half high ridge of 10cm, and ridge platform width is 50 ~ 65cm, row spacing 100 ~ 130cm, and ridge shape is smooth, is convenient to overlay film.On described film, the thickness of earth covering of full earthing is 5 ~ 7cm, and earthing time completes for broadcasting the rear same day or concentrating in 5 ~ 7d, and described earthing is sandy loam in small, broken bits or loam.Overlay film thickness used is 0.008mm, and film is wide is 900 ~ 1000mm plastics agricultural mulchings.
Cultivation method of the present invention compares with the existing culture technique by artificial seedling setting of employing has following beneficial effect:
(1) potato half high ridge overlay film of the present invention to be emerged cultivation method from rupture of membranes, owing to adopting the method at mulch film all standing fine earth, effectively improve the fertilizer and water condition of soil, both can play and avoid spring wind to blow brokenly mulch film greatly, soil in small, broken bits more can be made easily to form dry state soil, thus reach the effect suppressing furrow face length grass, save the manpower and cost of labor that need intertill and clean tillage in a large number;
(2) put seedling without artificial rupture of membrane, dramatically saves on and put the Miaos' work input and reduce operating cost, and effectively grab farming season.
(3) heat and moisture preserving, shortens vegetative period.Comparing not earthing and artificial seedling setting cultivation method can extended day constant temperature timeliness 1 ~ 2h, can improve ground temperature 2 ~ 3 DEG C, 5 ~ 7d of emerging ahead of time (northern seedling-growing time is about 20 ~ 25d), harvest time also can do sth. in advance 7 ~ 12d, compared with conventional covering film, shorten the production cycle.
(4) research shows, the process of furrow overlay film collection rain can increase soil water content, promote soil water-storage accumulation, no matter in fertilising or not under fertilizer application condition, furrow overlay film collection rain potato yield, biomass and water use efficiency are all significantly higher than rib collection rain and bare area is flat deals with.
Half high ridge culture overlay film of the present invention to be emerged cultivation method from rupture of membranes, is a set of system yield-increasing cultivation technology being adapted at dry area in north china plantation potato.Promote in potato producing region, Wuchuan County, Inner Mongol practical application, every mu of average yield can reach about 2087.5kg, increases by more than 11.4% than half high ridge overlay film general planting, and do plastic-film-covered cultivation more flat than tradition increases production more than 34.9%, saves artificial 3 ~ 7 for every mu.Use of the present invention is conducive to the raising of potato yield, reduces production cost, fundamentally improves potato production scale, standardization, commercial running and industrialization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is this cultivation method field cultivation schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, and embodiment just illustrates of the present invention, is not limitation of the present invention.
Potato half high ridge overlay film to be emerged cultivation method from rupture of membranes, and step is followed successively by:
Plot is selected: the sandy loam that selection physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep or loam, and plot is concentrated, and is convenient to do mechanization operation.Front stubble is advisable with cereal crop, beans, radish, Chinese cabbage etc., should not be front stubble with solanaceous crops, to avoid serious damage by disease and insect occurs.
Whole ground and fertilising: carry out deep ploughing winter and turn over, ploughing depth is advisable with 25 ~ 30cm.Also can plough deeply prior to seeding, sow with after rotovator rotary tillage; Carry out autumn organic fertilizer with having the combined autumn ploughing of irrigation conditions, the winter converges ground, push up Ling Geng a kind of farm tools early spring, promote soil-ripening, raising ground temperature, eliminates disease worm weeds.
Apply fertilizers scientifically according to soil testing data, Fertilizer application should meet the regulation of NY/T 496 standard.General per hectare executes the high-quality farmyard manure 30000 ~ 45000kg become thoroughly decomposed, and carbonic hydroammonium 750kg ploughs under Tanaka in conjunction with deep ploughing and makees base manure, or compound fertilizer specially used for potato (total nutrient >=30%) 600 ~ 750kg makes seed manure.
Potato seed is selected and process:
A. select that high-quality, high yield, disease resistance are strong, the virus-free seed potato of strong stress resistance, high starch;
B. potato seed process: potato seed is gone out cellar for storing things by 20d prior to seeding.After strict superseded sick potato, be deposited in the indoor (piling high 30 ~ 50cm) of warm lucifuge, temperature remains on 8 ~ 18 DEG C, stir once every 3 ~ 5d, within about about 2 weeks, get final product rudiment, then see that light ventilates immediately, long about the 0.5cm of bud, makes bud mutation Cheng Lvzi shape, gets final product stripping and slicing;
C. potato seed stripping and slicing: require ventilation, shady and cool, dry, without sunlight exposure environment condition under carry out, cutting kind of a principle is use potato top as far as possible, cut kind prior to seeding 2 ~ 3d to carry out, require that 1 ~ 2 eye is stayed in each stripping and slicing, stripping and slicing size remains on about 50g.Reduce breach area, otch first from the umbilical region crosscut of potato block, is then affixed on plank plate face, then cuts second piece, until cut by concrete cutting method; Otch dips in ash, and vernalization is sowed after sprouting; And carry out cutter sterilization with 75% alcohol or 40% formaldehyde, avoid germ to borrow cutter to propagate.Stripping and slicing ash is dressed seed, and sows after stacking 1d.Ash seed dressing can prevent germ, insect to the infringement of potato kind, ensures the emergence rate of potato seed, is conducive to emerging together, goes out strong sprout, has gone out seedling, for high yield high yield lays the foundation.
D. dress seed: the potato block cut carries out dressing seed, add after 70% safe and sound raw wetting powder 3kg and 100kg talcum powder mix with 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 2kg and mix 10000kg potato block;
E. mulch film is selected: select thickness to be not less than 0.008mm, width 900 ~ 1000mm white agricultural mulching, ground film quality should meet the regulation of GB 13735;
F. irrigate band is selected: select water dropper water yield 1.3 ~ 1.8L/H, and the drip irrigation pipe of water dropper distance 30 ~ 40cm, drip irrigation pipe quality should meet the regulation of QB/T 2517.
Sowing:
A. determine the date of seeding be suitable for according to the length of Potato Cultivars vegetative period and local frost-free season, late variety inseminate early and properly, the suitable late sowing of early-maturing variety, avoids frost damage.Can sow when soil 10cm depths ground temperature reaches 8 ~ 10 DEG C, generally sow in the first tenday period of a month in May.If the potato seed of germinateing in a large number, should suitable late sowing;
B. sowing depth: sowing depth is because of weather, soil condition and determining, general sowing depth about 8 ~ 10cm.Sticky heavy and slowly drained soil should suitably upper seeding, and sandy loam will suitably seed deeply, the most deeply can not more than 12cm;
C. as shown in Figure 1, half high ridge on ridging ridge height 10cm (H), ridge platform width 50 ~ 65cm (L
3), row spacing 100 ~ 130cm (M);
D. seeding method: as shown in Figure 1, half high ridge culture under-film drip irrigation adopts large micro-ridge duplicate rows cropping pattern, and ridge platform is sowed.Wide row space (L
2) 55 ~ 60cm, little line-spacing (L
1) be 30 ~ 35cm, spacing in the rows is 32 ~ 38cm, and thickness of sowing is 52500 ~ 60000 strains/hm
2.Drip irrigation pipe is laid in the middle of micro-ridge, driving the potato half high ridge machine for covering mulch film, fertilizing with laying drip irrigation pipe servicing unit with tractor during sowing, once can complete trench digging, executing seed manure, sowing, ridging shaping, overlay film, the operation such as paving drip irrigation pipe suppression;
Earthing on film:
A Casing ways: potato half high ridge overlay film is full earthing from the emerge Casing ways of culture technique of rupture of membranes.
B. earthing time: preferably earthing time was before the sowing same day or 7d, preferably concentrated in 5 ~ 7d and completed;
C. thickness of earth covering: preferably thickness of earth covering is 5 ~ 7cm.Be advisable with loose sandy loam or loam.
Field management:
A. irrigate and topdress: after planting, early carry out drip irrigation and be conducive to emerging, generally after tree seedling is complete, should carry out first time drip irrigation in 7d, the drip irrigation water yield is 90m
3/ hm
2, suitably can increase duty during soil moisture content difference, but at most no more than 135m
3/ hm
2.Substantially every 15 ~ 20d once.To the starch accumulation phase after potato emerges, generally need carry out 6 ~ 10 times and irrigate, concrete irrigation time and irrigation quantity, need determine according to precipitation event, each irrigation quantity is at 150m
3/ hm
2left and right.Seedling stage need topdress in conjunction with irrigation to potato block expanding stage, and early stage should based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and the later stage is based on potash fertilizer.Topdress and generally adopt differential fertilizer irrigation method, fertilizer should be soluble in water;
B. rupture of membranes voluntarily: after after planting 15 ~ 20d, the potato rupture of membranes that starts to emerge voluntarily is unearthed, and without artificial seedling setting, and seedling-growing time all concentrates on about 10d, and namely about 10d Miao Jiben all sprouts;
C. intertill and clean tillage: carry out first time intertillage when coming up, emphasis is chesson, improves ground temperature, receives rainwater, promotes that nutrient decomposes rapidly, promotes well developed root system, eliminates weeds.Urea 150kg/hm is executed during second time intertillage weeding
2, earth up greatly as potato seedling plant height 30cm ~ 50cm, promote that cane is sturdy, growing way is healthy and strong.Favourable increase photosynthesis, manufactures more nutriment, impels underground stem tuber to expand rapidly.Under film, weeding should dispenser at seeding time, by sprayer unit additional on tractor and sower, completes with sowing is disposable.
D. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the damage by disease and insect of potato is more, common disease has late blight, early blight, tar spot, ring rot, balck shank, virus disease etc.; Major Pests has potato ladybug, blister beetle, aphid, grub, wireworm, cutworm etc.The control of damage by disease and insect should implement to put prevention first, the plant protection work policy of integrated control, and based on agricultural and physical control, according to damage by disease and insect pests occurrence rule, scientifical use Techniques For Chemical Control, effectively controls sick worm and endanger.Main diseases and insect pests and prophylactico-therapeutic measures as follows:
1. early stage epidemic prevention and control: about 40d after planting, with gloomy MnZn 70% wetting powder of band 2250 ~ 3450g/hm
2, be watered 180 ~ 240kg/hm
2spraying, per hectare liquid 600 ~ 750kg, once every 7 ~ 10d spray, sprays secondary later altogether.
2. later stage prevention and controls: after planting when 60 ~ 70d or discovery diseased plant, available 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn 1500 ~ 2250g/hm
2, be watered 225 ~ 330kg/hm
2spraying, per hectare liquid 825 ~ 975kg, sprays three times later altogether once every 10d spray.
Potato half high ridge overlay film of the present invention to be emerged cultivation method from rupture of membranes, mainly on the basis of existing plastic-film-covered cultivation technical approach, adopt and cover certain thickness soil layer in small, broken bits, effective moisture blocked in cultivation layer soil is carried to furrow face, reduce cultivation layer soil moisture transpiration, reach the effect improving soil fertilizer and water condition.This cultivation method compares with adopting the existing culture technique by manually putting film, and result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 adopts half high ridge culture overlay film of the present invention to compare with existing membrane technology of manually putting from rupture of membranes cultivation method
The result of table 1 shows: cultivation method of the present invention compares with adopting existing culture technique of putting seedling by artificial rupture of membrane, at Arid&semi-arid area, adopt half high ridge mulch sowing potato, there is insulation and put forward the wet effect increasing moisture in the soil, be beneficial to potato kind sprout tuber to expand in advance, promote survival rate, breeding time, commodity potato rate and output are all obviously better than prior art.
Claims (4)
1. potato half high ridge overlay film to be emerged cultivation method from rupture of membranes, and step is followed successively by: selection of land and whole; Basal dressing; Potato seed is cut and is planted and potato seed process; Ridging shaping; Sowing: lay droping irrigating pipe; Overlay film; Full earthing on film; Field management; Drip irrigation and the extermination of disease and insect pest, is characterized in that: the mode of described sowing is that half high ridge culture under-film drip irrigation adopts large micro-ridge duplicate rows cropping pattern, and ridge platform is sowed, little line-spacing is 30 ~ 35cm, wide row space is 55 ~ 60cm, and spacing in the rows is 32 ~ 38cm, and thickness of sowing is 52500 ~ 60000 strains/hm
2, drip irrigation pipe is laid in the middle of little line-spacing, and the sowing time is in the first tenday period of a month in May, can sow when soil 10cm depths ground temperature reaches 8 ~ 10 DEG C, sowing depth is 6 ~ 12cm, glues heavy and slowly drained soil answers upper seeding, the degree of depth is 6 ~ 8cm, and sandy loam will seed deeply, the most deeply can not more than 12cm.
2. potato half high ridge overlay film according to claim 1 to be emerged cultivation method from rupture of membranes, it is characterized in that: half high ridge that the ridge height of described ridging shaping is 10cm, ridge platform width is 50 ~ 65cm, row spacing 100 ~ 130cm, and ridge shape is smooth, is convenient to overlay film.
3. potato half high ridge overlay film according to claim 1 to be emerged cultivation method from rupture of membranes, it is characterized in that: on described film, the thickness of earth covering of full earthing is 5 ~ 7cm, earthing time completes for broadcasting the rear same day or concentrating in 5 ~ 7d, and described earthing is sandy loam in small, broken bits or loam.
4. potato half high ridge overlay film according to claim 1 to be emerged cultivation method from rupture of membranes, and it is characterized in that: overlay film thickness used is 0.008mm, film is wide is 900 ~ 1000mm plastics agricultural mulchings.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN105706690A (en) * | 2016-02-14 | 2016-06-29 | 云南农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for potatoes in Yunnan in winter |
| CN105746027A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 宜都市潘家湾高山蔬菜专业合作社 | Potato planting system and planting method thereof |
| CN106258361A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 邱文娟 | A kind of potato high-yield cultivation method |
| CN106961870A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | The irrigation and drainage system and its irrigation and drainage method of a kind of pepper planting |
| CN109937824A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-28 | 广东省生物工程研究所（广州甘蔗糖业研究所） | Covering Plastic Film On Potato method |
| CN110278847A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-09-27 | 丽江市种子管理站 | A kind of potato high altitude localities provenance mating system |
| CN113133397A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-20 | 刘树艳 | Novel potato ridging and cultivating buffer watering method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105706690A (en) * | 2016-02-14 | 2016-06-29 | 云南农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for potatoes in Yunnan in winter |
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| CN105746027A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 宜都市潘家湾高山蔬菜专业合作社 | Potato planting system and planting method thereof |
| CN106258361A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 邱文娟 | A kind of potato high-yield cultivation method |
| CN106961870A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-21 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | The irrigation and drainage system and its irrigation and drainage method of a kind of pepper planting |
| CN106961870B (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2022-11-29 | 甘肃禾盛农业节水有限公司 | Irrigation and drainage system for pepper planting and irrigation and drainage method thereof |
| CN109937824A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-28 | 广东省生物工程研究所（广州甘蔗糖业研究所） | Covering Plastic Film On Potato method |
| CN110278847A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-09-27 | 丽江市种子管理站 | A kind of potato high altitude localities provenance mating system |
| CN113133397A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-20 | 刘树艳 | Novel potato ridging and cultivating buffer watering method |
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Application publication date: 20150930 |