CN105706690A - Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for potatoes in Yunnan in winter - Google Patents

Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for potatoes in Yunnan in winter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105706690A
CN105706690A CN201610085082.3A CN201610085082A CN105706690A CN 105706690 A CN105706690 A CN 105706690A CN 201610085082 A CN201610085082 A CN 201610085082A CN 105706690 A CN105706690 A CN 105706690A
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fertilizer
drip irrigation
potato
ridge
water
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CN201610085082.3A
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CN105706690B (en
Inventor
于德才
张红骥
巩晨
杜魏甫
杨梦平
赵晓松
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16—Control of watering
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

A water and fertilizer integrated planting method for potatoes in Yunnan in winter comprises the steps that a loam or sandy loam soil land parcel is selected, deeply ploughed by 30 cm or above, then furrowed and ridged, compound fertilizer special for potatoes is adopted and serves as bottom fertilizer applied to ridges, seeding is carried out on the ridges in a double-row planting mode, drip irrigation zones are laid on the ridges, the ridges are then mulched with plastic films, the films are covered with soil when potato seedlings grow to 2-3 cm away from the ridge surfaces, urea is applied in a drip irrigation mode for promoting growth of the seedlings when the potato seedlings grow to be 10 cm high, first time topdressing is carried out within one week after tubers are formed, topdressing is carried out along with moisture drip irrigation in the whole growing period, and eight times of topdressing is carried out in total.The method is capable of saving water, fertilizer and labor and efficient.

Description

Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method
Technical field
The invention belongs to potato planting technical field.
Background technology
Yunnan Province's main planting area of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi in winter is hot-zone, south and low grade fever river valley area, and this region is in the dry of Yunnan Province winter In dry season, water resource is extremely limited, and one of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi crop that to be water requirement bigger, therefore, high-yield and high-efficiency produces With water, fertile efficiently utilize closely related.In the face of the poor challenge efficiently utilized with liquid manure of Winter in Yunnan Province water resource, current Ma Ling Potato produces upper liquid manure and efficiently utilizes On Comprehensive Technique application weak, it is impossible to according to law of needing the water and the regulation of fertilizer requirement of potato growth Rational Irrigation applies fertilizer, and liquid manure cannot really combine, and causes water and fertilizer utilization low, and yield and quality is all difficult to improve, and produces into This most constantly rises, and becomes Yunnan Province Rhizoma Solani tuber osi in winter and produces the stubbornness faced pain.Liquid manure need according to potato growth Ask rule and different cultivation mode, set up fertilising and irrigate the real water-fertilizer integral combined and produce On Comprehensive Technique gesture must OK.
The irrigation of traditional Winter in Yunnan Province potato planting all uses the mode of broad irrigation, and water resource waste is serious, applies fertilizer in addition Shi Shuifen supply is uneven, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low, causes yield impacted.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the problem that existing Winter in Yunnan Province potato planting method exists, it is provided that one is economized on water, joint is fertile, Saving of labor, efficient High Yield Potato implantation methods.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method, uses tractor-drawn also to carry additionally seeder, by trench digging, ridging, Sowing, fertilising, drip irrigation zone and mulch film cover paving work disposably to be completed, and specifically includes:
(1) select that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange the loam or sandy loam plot that can fill, and soil deep tillage is reached 30cm Above；
(2) trench digging, ridging, row spacing 1.2 meters；
(3) using compound fertilizer specially used for potato to apply fertilizer to the subsoil on ridge, the ratio of the N:P:K in this compound fertilizer is for 15:10:20, multiple Hefei is also mixed with B, Mg, Zn trace element；
(4) using duplicate rows planting type on ridge to sow, the line-spacing of sowing is 25cm, spacing in the rows is 20cm, 5000～5500 Plant/acre, depth of planting is 8～10cm；
(5) on ridge, drip irrigation zone is laid；
(6) taking covering with ground sheeting on ridge, ground film thickness is 0.006mm；
(7) when potato set length to distance face, ridge 2-3cm, with drag links earthing 3-5 centimetre on film；
(8) when potato set is up to 10cm, carry out carrying Seedling by 5kg/ mu drip irrigation carbamide；
(9) carrying out in a week after tuber character topdressing for the first time, the time of infertility topdresses with while drip irrigation moisture, Topdress altogether 8 times, use Rhizoma Solani tuber osi equilibrated type Water soluble fertilizer for first 4 times and according to 5kg/ mu/time topdress, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi equilibrated type water N:P:K in molten fertilizer is than for 18:18:18；Use for latter 4 times Rhizoma Solani tuber osi high K-type Water soluble fertilizer according to 5kg/ mu/time topdress, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi high K-type Water soluble fertilizer N:P:K ratio is for 15:5:25, and the first half of the month gathered stops executing water fertilising.
In the inventive method, if owing to weather influence topdresses the most in time or topdresses, to cause plant to show scarce for amount of nitrogenous fertilizer deficiency During nitrogen, can be at the urea liquid of potato plant foliage-spray mass concentration 0.25%.
Potato Mechanization is planted by the present invention, water-saving irrigation, and fertilizer subtracts the technology of executing and carries out efficient integrated innovation.Simultaneously according to winter The nutrient uptake feature of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, soil environment and Nutrient Concentration Status and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi different growing need water, regulation of fertilizer requirement situation to carry out Demand Design, makes water and fertilizer be supplied to Rhizoma Solani tuber osi to absorb with the assembled state optimized in soil, forms Yunnan Province winter Rhizoma Solani tuber osi great Long, high moisture in the soil, the under-film drip irrigation of dense planting, the total solution of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer.The method can accomplish essence Quasi-fertilising, saves fertilizer, the utilization rate of raising fertilizer, reduces production cost.Use under-film drip irrigation water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, There is volume increase, economize on water, save fertilizer, improve potato yield and the feature of improving quality.Water saving 50%, utilization rate of fertilizer can improve More than 30%, potato yield can improve more than 20%.
The inventive method uses tractor-drawn also to carry additionally seeder, it is possible to disposably complete trench digging, ridging, sow, apply fertilizer, Drip irrigation zone and ground overlay film paving disposably complete to sow work, are 15～20 times of Traditional Man planting patterns efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method, uses tractor-drawn also to carry additionally seeder, by trench digging, ridging, Sowing, fertilising, drip irrigation zone and mulch film cover paving work disposably to be completed to sow work, specifically includes:
(1) selection of land with wholely.Require that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange the loam or sandy loam plot that can fill, and will Ask distance iirigation water source compared with near, physical features is smooth, be advisable in barrier less plot in field.Whole ground order is: stubble-cleaning plows- Rotary tillage, ploughs deeply and reaches more than 30cm, changes the most artificial and little the most plantable pattern of tiller rotary tillage, ensures loosing soil, thoroughly Gas is good, and can improve water-retention, water-retention fertilizer ability, be in state to be broadcast；
(2) trench digging, ridging, row spacing 1.2 meters；
(3) using compound fertilizer specially used for potato to apply fertilizer to the subsoil on ridge, the ratio of the N:P:K in this compound fertilizer is for 15:10:20, multiple Hefei is also mixed with B, Mg, Zn trace element；
(4) using duplicate rows planting type on ridge to carry out mechanical planting, the determination of mechanical planting time should be according to local rainfall, frost season And the situation in market determines the rational sowing time.Depth of planting according to different soil types determine generally 8～10cm (from Tuber top is to platform top, ridge), on ridge duplicate rows cultivation, line-spacing be generally 25cm, spacing in the rows and typically use 20cm, go bail for 5000～ The technical parameter of 5500 plants/acre, changes conventional traditional planting models various, plants lack of standardization, the green grass or young crops that planting depth deficiency causes The present situation that head rate is high, commodity rate is low；
(5) on ridge, drip irrigation zone is laid；Field drip irrigation design should be in strict accordance with the water yield of water pump, lift and drip irrigation paster Water yield carries out appropriate design.
(6) taking covering with ground sheeting on ridge, ground film thickness is 0.006mm；The mode taking covering with ground sheeting can be effectively improved ground Temperature, the utilization rate more than 50% of raising moisture, and reach the effect of weeding；
(7) when potato set length to distance face, ridge 2-3cm, with drag links earthing 3-5 centimetre on film；Potato set is at soil Under the pressure effect of earth, it is possible to rupture of membranes is unearthed smoothly, thus reduce artificial input；
(8) when potato set is up to 10cm, carry out carrying Seedling by 5kg/ mu drip irrigation carbamide, it is ensured that aerial growth；
(9) topdress.The determination of dressing time should (it be normally to crawl that stolon end expands place according to topdressing for the first time at tuber character Two times of crawl stem) after one week in chase after into, about 1.5 months the most after planting.The time of infertility is same with drip irrigation moisture Shi Jinhang topdresses, and topdresses altogether 8 times, uses Rhizoma Solani tuber osi equilibrated type Water soluble fertilizer for first 4 times and according to 5kg/ mu/time topdress, horse N:P:K in bell potato equilibrated type Water soluble fertilizer is than for 18:18:18；Use Rhizoma Solani tuber osi high K-type Water soluble fertilizer according to 5kg/ latter 4 times Mu/time topdress, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi high K-type Water soluble fertilizer N:P:K ratio is for 15:5:25, and the first half of the month gathered stops executing water fertilising. Meanwhile, depending on the period topdressed and quantity plant to be leaned on variable rate technology and laboratory are to plant petiole and soil nutrient content.As Really weather conditions do not allow, and the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer deficiency plant that has not enough time to topdress or topdress has showed nitrogen stress, at this moment can plant Rhizoma Solani tuber osi The urea liquid of strain foliage-spray 0.25%.
Owing to winter is owing to temperature is relatively low, utilization rate of fertilizer is the highest, it is the not syngenesis according to Rhizoma Solani tuber osi that fertilizer is used by the present invention The phase of educating takes different types of fertilizer to apply.
Drip irrigation, covering with ground sheeting and water and fertilizer management are carried out effective integration by under-film drip irrigation water, fertile integrated technique by the present invention, define A kind of novel field liquid manure management mode.It is particularly suitable for the Dehong of hot-zone, south, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Lincang etc. and low Rhizoma Solani tuber osi main product in the winter regions such as the Midu of hot river valley area, Nan Jian, Jian Shui, river and mountain, Qiaojia County, the utilization of the method can be effective Solve these region winter dryings, the restricted problem that water resource is limited, make the yield of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi in winter and quality be improved.

Claims (2)

1. Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method, it is characterised in that the method uses tractor-drawn carrying additionally to broadcast Kind of machine, by trench digging, ridging, sow, apply fertilizer, drip irrigation zone and mulch film cover and spread work and disposably complete, specifically include:
(1) select that the soil is porous is fertile, soil layer is deep, can arrange the loam or sandy loam plot that can fill, and soil deep tillage is reached 30cm Above；
(2) trench digging, ridging, row spacing 1.2 meters；
(3) using compound fertilizer specially used for potato to apply fertilizer to the subsoil on ridge, the N:P:K weight ratio in this compound fertilizer is 15:10:20, Compound fertilizer is also mixed with B, Mg, Zn trace element；
(4) using duplicate rows planting type on ridge to sow, the line-spacing of sowing is 25cm, spacing in the rows is 20cm, 5000～5500 Plant/acre, depth of planting is 8～10cm；
(5) on ridge, drip irrigation zone is laid；
(6) taking covering with ground sheeting on ridge, ground film thickness is 0.006mm；
(7) when potato set length to distance face, ridge 2-3cm, with drag links earthing 3-5 centimetre on film；
(8) when potato set is up to 10cm, carry out carrying Seedling by 5kg/ mu drip irrigation carbamide；
(9) carrying out in a week after tuber character topdressing for the first time, the time of infertility topdresses with while drip irrigation moisture, Topdress altogether 8 times, use Rhizoma Solani tuber osi equilibrated type Water soluble fertilizer for first 4 times and according to 5kg/ mu/time topdress, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi equilibrated type water N:P:K in molten fertilizer is than for 18:18:18；Use for latter 4 times Rhizoma Solani tuber osi high K-type Water soluble fertilizer according to 5kg/ mu/time topdress, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi high K-type Water soluble fertilizer N:P:K ratio is for 15:5:25, and the first half of the month gathered stops executing water fertilising.
Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that if owing to Weather influence amount of nitrogenous fertilizer deficiency of topdressing the most in time or topdress when causing plant to show nitrogen stress, can be sprayed on potato plant blade face Execute the urea liquid of mass concentration 0.25%.
CN201610085082.3A 2016-02-14 2016-02-14 Winter in Yunnan Province potato production integrated planting method Expired - Fee Related CN105706690B (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107211681A (en) * 2017-05-27 2017-09-29 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 A kind of low efficient winter-planting potato water-fertilizer integral implantation methods
CN107493894A (en) * 2017-09-04 2017-12-22 云南农业大学 A kind of method of winter rubber underwood planting potato
CN108271643A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-07-13 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated cultivation method for improving disease resistance of winter potatoes
CN108450267A (en) * 2018-01-19 2018-08-28 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 A kind of trickle irrigation implantation methods of lotus rhizome
CN111034571A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-21 红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业科学院 Winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning
CN112772328A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-05-11 南京农业大学 Potato-common vetch intercropping method under regulation and control of water and fertilizer for ensuring stable yield and high quality of potatoes and simultaneously fertilizing soil
CN114128579A (en) * 2021-12-12 2022-03-04 淄博市农业科学研究院 Water and fertilizer accurate utilization cultivation method for potato in bud orientation seeding

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107211681A (en) * 2017-05-27 2017-09-29 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 A kind of low efficient winter-planting potato water-fertilizer integral implantation methods
CN107211681B (en) * 2017-05-27 2020-11-20 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 Low-cost and high-efficiency water-fertilizer integrated planting method for winter potatoes
CN107493894A (en) * 2017-09-04 2017-12-22 云南农业大学 A kind of method of winter rubber underwood planting potato
CN108450267A (en) * 2018-01-19 2018-08-28 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 A kind of trickle irrigation implantation methods of lotus rhizome
CN108271643A (en) * 2018-01-24 2018-07-13 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated cultivation method for improving disease resistance of winter potatoes
CN111034571A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-21 红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业科学院 Winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning
CN112772328A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-05-11 南京农业大学 Potato-common vetch intercropping method under regulation and control of water and fertilizer for ensuring stable yield and high quality of potatoes and simultaneously fertilizing soil
CN112772328B (en) * 2021-01-07 2022-04-08 南京农业大学 Potato-common vetch intercropping method under regulation and control of water and fertilizer for ensuring stable yield and high quality of potatoes and simultaneously fertilizing soil
CN114128579A (en) * 2021-12-12 2022-03-04 淄博市农业科学研究院 Water and fertilizer accurate utilization cultivation method for potato in bud orientation seeding

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