CN105519275A - Cotton field soil plough layer reconstruction and matched cultivation method - Google Patents
Cotton field soil plough layer reconstruction and matched cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105519275A CN105519275A CN201610070374.XA CN201610070374A CN105519275A CN 105519275 A CN105519275 A CN 105519275A CN 201610070374 A CN201610070374 A CN 201610070374A CN 105519275 A CN105519275 A CN 105519275A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention provides a cotton field soil plough layer reconstruction and matched cultivation method. The method comprises steps as follows: in a cotton planting area, before winter and after autumn harvest, 2-3 m<3> of organic fertilizer is applied to the cotton field soil surface per mu; a soil layer of 0-20 cm and a soil layer of 20-40 cm are exchanged by the aid of a rotary deep-tillage plough, and a soil layer of 40-60 cm is loosened; fertilizer is applied to the soil surface 7-10 days before the next cotton planting season, 15-20 kg of urea, 10-12 kg of diammonium phosphate and 20-25 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu, irrigation is performed, and the irrigation amount per mu is 80-100 m<3>; rotary tillage, harrowing and smoothing are performed on soil in the cotton planting season, and a cotton variety with the growth period not shorter than 130 days is selected for seeding; pruning is not performed after buds appear on cotton plants, and the seedling reserving density is 3000-3200 plant/mu; irrigation is performed once between the bud stage to the initial flowering stage, and the irrigation amount is 40-50 m<3>/mu; 0.5-0.7 g of mepiquat chloride is sprayed per mu at the bud stage, 1.5-2.0 g of mepiquat chloride is sprayed per mu at the initial flowering stage, and 2.5-3.0 g of mepiquat chloride is sprayed per mu at the full-bloom stage. With the adoption of the method, physical and chemical properties of cotton field soil are improved, nutrients are balanced, and the cotton yield is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a cultivation method grown cotton, specifically a kind of Cotton Soil topsoil reconstruct and cultivation method for matching thereof.
Background technology
Cotton is the major economic crops in Hebei province, is mainly distributed in the Arid&semi-arid area of Xingtai City, Handan City, Cangzhou City, and defines the cropping pattern of long-term continuous cropping.Increasing accumulation of the cotton continuous cropping time limit defines the unfavorable factor of multiple obstruction cotton good quality and high output, and such as soil physics performance worsens, and Nutrient distribution is unbalanced, and each nutrient content is out of proportion; Soil Microorganism kind changes, and pest increases, and soil-borne disease insect pest is serious.The problems such as disease is serious, early ageing, fertilizing amount is large, utilization rate of fertilizer is low that these unfavorable factors make most of cotton field occur, cause output of cotton to reduce, seriously govern the highly effective and safe sustainable development of Cotton Industry.
Show after deliberation, along with the increase of the cotton continuous cropping time limit, the soil layer between Cotton Soil 15 ~ 30cm can form tillage pan, and the exchange of moisture between levels soil is pricked in the existence of tillage pan under hindering cotton root system, very unfavorable to cotton growth; Also just because of the existence of tillage pan, the ability of soil accumulation moisture declines greatly, and rainfall runoff loss in rainy season is increased, and this is wasting Water Resources In Arid Regions beyond doubt.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide the reconstruct of a kind of Cotton Soil topsoil and cultivation method for matching thereof, and to improve Cotton Soil physicochemical property, balanced nutrient, improves output of cotton.
The present invention is achieved in that the reconstruct of a kind of Cotton Soil topsoil and cultivation method for matching thereof, comprises the following steps:
A, cotton culture area, enter the winter after autumn harvest before, cotton planting ground soil surface spread fertilizer over the fields organic manure, fertilizing amount is every mu of 2 ~ 3m
3;
Plough is ploughed deeply in b, use rotation, and the cotton planting after spreading fertilizer over the fields organic manure is deep ploughed on the ground;
Described rotation is ploughed deeply plough and is comprised tie-beam, first group of ploughshare and second group of ploughshare; Described tie-beam is the camber beam of end towards ploughshare dorsal part horizontal buckling, and described first group of ploughshare is arranged on the below of described tie-beam, and described second group of ploughshare is arranged on the top of described tie-beam, and described first group of ploughshare and described second group of ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged;
Described first group of ploughshare comprises the first main ploughshare, the first jointer ploughshare and the first deep soil loosing shovel; Described first main ploughshare is arranged on the leading portion of described tie-beam, and described first jointer ploughshare is arranged on the end of described tie-beam, the level height 20cm lower than the level height in described first jointer share beak portion of described first main ploughshare tip; Described first deep soil loosing shovel is arranged on the side-lower of described first main ploughshare, and the shovel face of described first deep soil loosing shovel and the angle of horizontal plane are 30 °, the level height 20cm lower than the level height of described first main ploughshare tip of described first deep soil loosing shovel tip; Be provided with the first support wheel in the outer proceeds posterolateral of described first jointer ploughshare, the wheel of described first support wheel along the level height of low spot than the level height height 20cm in described first jointer share beak portion;
Described second group of ploughshare comprises the second main ploughshare, the second jointer ploughshare and the second deep soil loosing shovel; Described second main ploughshare and the relative tie-beam of described first main ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged, described second jointer ploughshare and the relative tie-beam of described first jointer ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged, described second deep soil loosing shovel and the relative tie-beam of described first deep soil loosing shovel are for being symmetrical arranged, be provided with the second support wheel in the outer proceeds posterolateral of described second jointer ploughshare, described second support wheel and the relative tie-beam of described first support wheel are for being symmetrical arranged;
The process of the deep ploughing operation of the first plough width is, plough going straight ahead on the soil of the first plough width is ploughed deeply by tractor driven rotary, first by the farming in the first plough width of group ploughshare of first down, the first main ploughshare in first group of ploughshare is ditched in advance, the soil layer of 0-40cm below the distance earth's surface of the first plough width is rolled up, Formation Depth is the Tu Gou of 40cm, first deep soil loosing shovel loosens the soil layer of 40 ~ 60cm below distance earth's surface in native ditch subsequently, again, below the distance earth's surface of by the first jointer ploughshare, next-door neighbour institute being opened the second plough width soil of Tu Gou side, the upper topsoil of 0 ~ 20cm turns in the native ditch held successfully by the first main ploughshare,
Execute the thick charcoal powder of 1 ~ 2cm being outputed by first group of ploughshare and cover in the native ditch of topsoil to spill, form the powdered carbon layer covering upper topsoil in ditch;
When the deep ploughing of the first plough width operates the edge of a field, tractor driven rotary is ploughed deeply plough and is fallen later, and rotation is ploughed deeply plough and spin upside down 180 °, makes second group of ploughshare down, the second plough width of ploughing width next-door neighbour first starts the deep ploughing operation of the second plough width, specific operation process is, ditched in advance by the second main ploughshare in second group of ploughshare, the soil layer of 20 ~ 40cm below the distance earth's surface of the second plough width is translated in the native ditch of the first plough width, cover the top of the powdered carbon layer in the first plough width soil ditch, on the soil of the second plough width, Formation Depth is the Tu Gou of 40cm, the soil layer of the second deep soil loosing shovel to 40 ~ 60cm below the distance earth's surface in the second plough width soil ditch loosens, again, the upper topsoil apart from 0 ~ 20cm below earth's surface of by the second jointer ploughshare next-door neighbour second being ploughed the 3rd plough width soil of width Tu Gou side turns in the native ditch held successfully by the second main ploughshare,
Being outputed by second group of ploughshare and spreading fertilizer over the fields the thick charcoal powder of 1 ~ 2cm in the second plough width soil ditch covering topsoil, form the powdered carbon layer that upper topsoil in width soil ditch is ploughed in covering second;
When the deep ploughing of the second plough width operates the edge of a field, tractor driven rotary is ploughed deeply plough and is fallen later, and rotation is ploughed deeply plough and spin upside down 180 °, makes first group of ploughshare again down, and the 3rd plough width of ploughing width next-door neighbour second starts the deep ploughing operation of the 3rd plough width; By that analogy, until complete the deep ploughing operation on monoblock cotton planting ground, thus the soil plough horizon reconstruct on cotton planting ground is completed;
C, before the cotton planting phase in the coming year 7 ~ 10 days, the soil surface on the cotton planting ground after soil plough horizon reconstruct spreads fertilizer over the fields chemical fertilizer, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields urea 15 ~ 20kg, diammonium phosphate 10 ~ 12kg, potassium chloride 20 ~ 25kg, chemical fertilizer is being spread fertilizer over the fields after soil surface, carry out irrigation of watering, mu irrigation quantity controls at 80 ~ 100m
3;
D, within the cotton planting phase, Rotary tillage rake a kind of farm tools is carried out to the soil completing soil plough horizon reconstruct, then select the cotton variety being not less than 130 days breeding time to sow; Before sowing, the soil surface first after Rotary tillage rake a kind of farm tools lays plastic film, and the width of plastic film used is 60cm, and the Lay interval of adjacent two width mulch films is 16cm; During sowing, cotton seeds is seeded in soil exposed between adjacent two width mulch films;
E, retain leaf branch do not prune after cotton plants is buddingged, carry out plant thinning, density of reserved seedlings is 3000 ~ 3200 plants/acre;
F, in flower bud phase of cotton growth between initial bloom stage, pour water 1 time, irrigation quantity is 40 ~ 50m
3/ mu;
G, flower bud phase at cotton growth, spray mepiquat chloride 0.5 ~ 0.7g/ mu, at the initial bloom stage of cotton growth, spray mepiquat chloride 1.5 ~ 2.0g/ mu, at the full-bloom stage of cotton growth, spray mepiquat chloride 2.5 ~ 3.0g/ mu.
The fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields in described step a is pig manure or chicken manure.
Mepiquat chloride spraying method in described step g is: a selected amount of mepiquat chloride is watered 10kg, is mixed with the liquid consumption of every mu, uses sprayer in dusk calm weather, and distance 30cm place, cotton plants top, evenly sprays.
The inventive method reconstructs soil plough horizon, and the soil after topsoil reconstruct is divided into former deep soil layer, charcoal bisque, former upper layer of soil layer, fertilizer layer and loosening soil horizon from top to bottom successively.
The inventive method improves the ability of retaining and conserveing soil moisture of Cotton Soil, Hebei province mainly concentrates on summer rainy season, rainfall is concentrated and is caused rainwash to lose seriously, enhances levels soil moisture exchange capacity, unnecessary Rainfall Infiltration can be made to be accumulated in deep soil after soil plough horizon reconstruct.When running into arid, upper layer of soil moisture reduces, the moisture in charcoal bisque absorption lower soil, makes moisture supply, needed for cotton growth, to greatly strengthen the waterlogging drought-resistant ability in cotton field along soil capillary moves.
Method of the present invention can increase and upgrade the soil organic matter, promotes microbial reproduction, improves physicochemical property and the biologically active of soil, whole cotton development stage disease is obviously alleviated.Simultaneously, the inventive method makes levels soil nutrient balance distribute, and improves the existing Cotton Soil problem that more down nutrient content is lower, especially substantially increases the content of nutrient in cotton root surrounding soil, prick under inducing cotton plant root, promote cotton robust growth.The more important thing is, after carrying out soil plough horizon reconstruct, not only do not postpone cotton send out the seedling time, also substantially increase the emergence rate of cotton, eliminate operations such as filling the gaps with seedlings, decrease workload, and cotton in the maturing stage without early ageing or remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe phenomenon.
Topsoil can be translated into below 20cm by the inventive method, has and thoroughly goes out except effect, eliminate the work such as herbicide spraying, intertill and clean tillage, save recruitment weeds.After adopting soil plough horizon reconstruct, cotton middle and later periods growing way is vigorous, coordinates measures such as simplifying training, casing coupling amination control to ensure that the high yield of cotton.
The inventive method first lays plastic film at soil surface at seeding time, then by soil exposed between adjacent two width mulch films for planting seed, this seeding method is different from prior art first sows completely, then at the seeding method of planting seed-bearing soil surface laying plastic.Its not only solve need to poke one by one cotton seedling top after cotton emerges mulch film with the problem making cotton seedling expose, but also improve the soil moisture conservation of soil, improve output of cotton, this is that prior art is unforeseen.
The inventive method makes the incidence of disease of cotton plants greatly reduce, and decreases the work for the treatment of to disease plant and expense.Present invention reduces the irrigation quantity in every mu of cotton field, greatly save irrigation water and irrigate recruitment.Adopt the final-period management work of the inventive method cultivated cotton very simple, without the need to repeatedly spraying medicine (weed killer herbicide, agrochemical), applying fertilizer, pouring water, greatly save labour.The inventive method is simple, instructs without the need to professional and technical personnel, easy to utilize.Cultivation method of the present invention can significantly improve output of cotton, increases peasant income.
The present invention also provides a kind of Cotton Soil topsoil to reconstruct Special rotary and ploughs deeply plough, and it comprises tie-beam, first group of ploughshare and second group of ploughshare; Described tie-beam is the camber beam of end towards ploughshare dorsal part horizontal buckling, and described first group of ploughshare is arranged on the below of described tie-beam, and described second group of ploughshare is arranged on the top of described tie-beam, and described first group of ploughshare and described second group of ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged.
Described first group of ploughshare comprises the first main ploughshare, the first jointer ploughshare and the first deep soil loosing shovel; Described first main ploughshare is arranged on the leading portion of described tie-beam, and described first jointer ploughshare is arranged on the end of described tie-beam, the level height 20cm lower than the level height in described first jointer share beak portion of described first main ploughshare tip; Described first deep soil loosing shovel is arranged on the side-lower of described first main ploughshare, and the shovel face of described first deep soil loosing shovel and the angle of horizontal plane are 30 °, the level height 20cm lower than the level height of described first main ploughshare tip of described first deep soil loosing shovel tip; Be provided with the first support wheel in the outer proceeds posterolateral of described first jointer ploughshare, the wheel of described first support wheel along the level height of low spot than the level height height 20cm in described first jointer share beak portion.
Described second group of ploughshare comprises the second main ploughshare, the second jointer ploughshare and the second deep soil loosing shovel; Described second main ploughshare and the relative tie-beam of described first main ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged, described second jointer ploughshare and the relative tie-beam of described first jointer ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged, described second deep soil loosing shovel and the relative tie-beam of described first deep soil loosing shovel are for being symmetrical arranged, be provided with the second support wheel in the outer proceeds posterolateral of described second jointer ploughshare, described second support wheel and the relative tie-beam of described first support wheel are for being symmetrical arranged.
The present invention rotates and ploughs deeply plough and can realize apart from 0 ~ 20cm soil layer below earth's surface and apart from the displacement completely between 20 ~ 40cm soil layer below earth's surface, and can loosen 40 ~ 60cm soil layer below earth's surface simultaneously, and it is very good that it ploughs deeply effect.Adopt the cotton field originally ploughed deeply plough and carry out ploughing deeply, soil vertical is more balanced to Nutrient distribution, and soil water storage soil moisture conservation improves greatly, and soil-borne disease alleviates greatly, and weeds in field is eliminated substantially.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that plough is ploughed deeply in the present invention's rotation used.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of tie-beam in Fig. 1.
In figure: 1, switching mechanism, 2, tie-beam, the 3, first main ploughshare, the 4, first jointer ploughshare, the 5, first deep soil loosing shovel, the 6, first support wheel, the 7, second main ploughshare, the 8, second jointer ploughshare, the 9, second deep soil loosing shovel, the 10, second support wheel.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: rotate and plough deeply plough.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is primarily of switching mechanism 1, tie-beam 2, the first group of part such as ploughshare and second group of ploughshare composition.
Switching mechanism 1 comprises hydraulic means and trip shaft, and tie-beam 2 is connected with trip shaft, and hydraulic means provides power for upset, makes trip shaft drive tie-beam 2 to overturn.As shown in Figure 2, tie-beam 2 is the camber beam of end towards ploughshare dorsal part horizontal buckling, and its front end is connected with switching mechanism 1, for carrying first group of ploughshare and second group of ploughshare, and two groups of ploughshares can be driven under the effect of switching mechanism 1 to spin upside down.
As shown in Figure 1, first group of ploughshare is arranged on the below of tie-beam 2, comprise the first main ploughshare 3 being arranged on tie-beam 2 leading portion and the first jointer ploughshare 4 being arranged on tie-beam 2 end, first jointer ploughshare 4 is positioned at the dorsal part rear of the first main ploughshare 3, and the level height of the first main ploughshare 3 tip 20cm lower than the level height of the first jointer ploughshare 4 tip.When carrying out ploughing deeply operation, jointer ploughshare is positioned at the position of the main ploughshare operation of next plough width, the dark 20cm of the degree of depth of ploughing of the depth ratio jointer ploughshare of ploughing of main ploughshare.Deep soil, for trench digging, is translated in the ditch of the last plough width be adjacent by the first main ploughshare 3; First jointer ploughshare 4 is for translating into the topsoil of next plough width in the ditch that this plough width is held successfully.
The first deep soil loosing shovel 5 is provided with at the outer side-lower of the first main ploughshare 3, the shovel face of the first deep soil loosing shovel 5 and the angle of horizontal plane are 30 °, the difference in level of the first deep soil loosing shovel 5 tip and the first main ploughshare 3 tip is set to 20cm, when main ploughshare is ditched, deep soil loosing shovel be used for below bottom of trench more the soil layer of deep layer loosen.The first support wheel 6 is provided with in the outer proceeds posterolateral of the first jointer ploughshare 4, the wheel of the first support wheel 6 along the level height of low spot than the level height height 20cm of the first jointer ploughshare 4 tip, when ploughing deeply operation, support wheel is positioned at soil surface all the time, thus makes the ploughing depth of jointer ploughshare remain on 20cm.
Second group of ploughshare is arranged on the top of tie-beam 2, comprises the second main ploughshare 7, second jointer ploughshare 8 and the second deep soil loosing shovel 9.First main ploughshare 3 and the second main ploughshare 7 are fixedly connected on tie-beam 2 by split bolt, and both relative tie-beams about 2 are symmetrical.First jointer ploughshare 4 is connected by connecting plate with the second jointer ploughshare 8, and connecting plate is fixedly connected on the end of tie-beam 2 by fixtures such as bolts, and the first jointer ploughshare 4 is symmetrical with the relative tie-beam about 2 of the second jointer ploughshare 8.
The second deep soil loosing shovel 9, second deep soil loosing shovel 9 is provided with symmetrical with the relative tie-beam about 2 of the first deep soil loosing shovel 5 above the side of the second main ploughshare 7.The second support wheel 10, second support wheel 10 is provided with symmetrical with the relative tie-beam about 2 of the first support wheel 6 in the outer proceeds posterolateral of the second jointer ploughshare 8.The structure of this full symmetric makes when turning over, can from the opposite side in the side in farmland successively farming to farmland, and farming of need not turn-taking as conventional plow tool.
Embodiment 2: soil plough horizon reconstruct and experiment in cotton culture.
Carry out application implementation in continuous cropping cotton field, Zhang village village, Xingtai City Wei County, Hebei province Zao Yuanxiang east, comprise the following steps:
On November 6th, 2014, after cotton harvesting, spreads fertilizer over the fields pig manure 3m at soil surface
3.
November 7 carried out Soil tillage, 220 horsepowers of tractor driven rotary are utilized to plough deeply plough work, first by the farming in the first plough width of group ploughshare of first down, the first main ploughshare in first group of ploughshare is ditched in advance, the soil layer of 0-40cm below the distance earth's surface of the first plough width is rolled up, Formation Depth is the Tu Gou of 40cm, first deep soil loosing shovel loosens the soil layer of 40 ~ 60cm below distance earth's surface in native ditch subsequently, again, below the distance earth's surface of by the first jointer ploughshare, next-door neighbour institute being opened the second plough width soil of Tu Gou side, the upper topsoil of 0 ~ 20cm turns in the native ditch held successfully by the first main ploughshare,
Execute the thick charcoal powder of 2cm being outputed by first group of ploughshare and cover in the native ditch of topsoil to spill, form the powdered carbon layer covering upper topsoil in ditch;
When the deep ploughing of the first plough width operates the edge of a field, tractor driven rotary is ploughed deeply plough and is fallen later, and rotation is ploughed deeply plough and spin upside down 180 °, makes second group of ploughshare down, the second plough width of ploughing width next-door neighbour first starts the deep ploughing operation of the second plough width, specific operation process is, ditched in advance by the second main ploughshare in second group of ploughshare, the soil layer of 20 ~ 40cm below the distance earth's surface of the second plough width is translated in the native ditch of the first plough width, cover the top of the powdered carbon layer in the first plough width soil ditch, on the soil of the second plough width, Formation Depth is the Tu Gou of 40cm, the soil layer of the second deep soil loosing shovel to 40 ~ 60cm below the distance earth's surface in the second plough width soil ditch loosens, again, the upper topsoil apart from 0 ~ 20cm below earth's surface of by the second jointer ploughshare next-door neighbour second being ploughed the 3rd plough width soil of width Tu Gou side turns in the native ditch held successfully by the second main ploughshare,
Being outputed by second group of ploughshare and spreading fertilizer over the fields the thick charcoal powder of 2cm in the second plough width soil ditch covering topsoil, form the powdered carbon layer that upper topsoil in width soil ditch is ploughed in covering second;
When the deep ploughing of the second plough width operates the edge of a field, tractor driven rotary is ploughed deeply plough and is fallen later, and rotation is ploughed deeply plough and spin upside down 180 °, makes first group of ploughshare again down, and the 3rd plough width of ploughing width next-door neighbour second starts the deep ploughing operation of the 3rd plough width; By that analogy, until complete the deep ploughing operation on monoblock cotton planting ground.
On April 12nd, 2015, spread fertilizer over the fields urea 20kg, diammonium phosphate 10kg, potassium chloride 20kg, irrigate after spreading fertilizer over the fields fertilizer soil surface every mu, mu irrigation quantity is 100m
3.
April 21 was sowed after carrying out Rotary tillage rake a kind of farm tools, and cotton variety adopts be assorted No. 1 of the Ji of 135 days breeding time.Before sowing, the soil surface first after Rotary tillage rake a kind of farm tools lays plastic film, and the width of plastic film used is 60cm, and the Lay interval of adjacent two width mulch films is 16cm, and cotton seeds is seeded in soil exposed between adjacent two width mulch films.
Final singling on May 24, density of reserved seedlings is 3000 plants/acre, and cotton retains leaf branch.
June 17 poured water once, and irrigation quantity is 40m
3/ mu.Mepiquat chloride 0.5g/ mu is sprayed after pouring water.Spraying method is: the mepiquat chloride of 0.5g is watered 10kg, is mixed with the liquid consumption of every mu, uses sprayer in dusk calm weather, and distance 30cm place, cotton plants top, evenly sprays.
July 10 sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.5g/ mu, and spraying method is: the mepiquat chloride of 1.5g is watered 10kg, was mixed with the liquid consumption of every mu, used sprayer in dusk calm weather, and distance 30cm place, cotton plants top, evenly sprays.
August 5 sprayed mepiquat chloride 2.5g/ mu, and spraying method is: the mepiquat chloride of 2.5g is watered 10kg, was mixed with the liquid consumption of every mu, used sprayer in dusk calm weather, and distance 30cm place, cotton plants top, evenly sprays.
Other NM field management measure is with Routine Management method.
Adopt routine techniques that control experiment is set in adjacent continuous cropping cotton field simultaneously, contrast as peasant convention culture technique, adopt fertilising (fertilizing amount is the same) after pouring water; Then carry out rotary tillage, sow after rake a kind of farm tools, cotton variety is assorted No. 1 of Ji, has sowed rear laying plastic film; Cotton plants is pruned after buddingging, thinning, density of reserved seedlings 3000 plants/acre; June 17 poured water once, and irrigation quantity is 40m
3/ mu, July 10 sprayed mepiquat chloride 1.5g, was watered 10kg even spraying.
Contrast the soil plough horizon nutrient in two pieces of experiment fields, moisture, weeds in field amount, later stage disease early ageing situation and output of cotton, correction data is in table 1 ~ 8.
1, soil plough horizon Nutrient distribution
Table 1 different depth soil layer total nitrogen content of soil (g/kg)
| Process | 0～20cm | 20～40cm | 40～60cm | 60～80cm |
| Routine techniques | 0.6782 | 0.4264 | 0.4070 | 0.4920 |
| The inventive method | 0.5999 | 0.4914 | 0.5330 | 0.4350 |
Table 2 different depth soil layer content of soil available phosphor (mg/kg)
| Process | 0～20cm | 20～40cm | 40～60cm | 60～80cm |
| Routine techniques | 23.4 | 7.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 |
| The inventive method | 20.0 | 14.0 | 6.7 | 2.1 |
Table 3 different depth soil layer soil speed potassium phosphorus content (mg/kg)
| Process | 0～20cm | 20～40cm | 40～60cm | 60～80cm |
| Routine techniques | 184.7 | 71.7 | 82.7 | 74.3 |
| The inventive method | 138.7 | 104.7 | 88.0 | 73.3 |
Data in table 1 ~ 3 show, after adopting the inventive method, soil nutrient is more balanced along Vertical dimension distribution, thus pricks under can effectively inducing root system, strengthens root development, ensures cotton plants robust growth.
2, soil water content
Table 4 different depth in seedling stage soil layer soil water content (%)
| Process | 0～20cm | 20～40cm | 40～60cm | 60～80cm |
| Routine techniques | 16.9 | 17.7 | 19.1 | 15.7 |
| The inventive method | 20.8 | 19.3 | 20.4 | 16.7 |
Table 5 flowering and boll-setting period different depth soil layer soil water content (%)
| Process | 0～20cm | 20～40cm | 40～60cm | 60～80cm |
| Routine techniques | 13.8 | 14.2 | 16.0 | 13.3 |
| The inventive method | 16.1 | 18.3 | 16.1 | 14.5 |
According to the result in table 4 and table 5, after soil plough horizon reconstruct, different depth soil layer soil moisture content has increase in various degree, especially 20 ~ 40cm soil layer is at flowering and boll-setting period, water content is higher than routine techniques 4.1 percentage points, for arid season, this ensures that cotton normal growth has important function, reduce later stage cotton premature senescence phenomenon, improve flowering and boll-setting period Boll probability.
3, weeds in field amount
Table 6 different times weeds in field amount of dry matter (g/ square metre)
| Process | Seedling stage | Harvest time |
| Routine techniques | 10.8 | 27.7 |
| The inventive method | 0 | 1.4 |
As shown in Table 6, adopt the inventive method, cotton weeds in field is substantially gone out and is removed, and this not only saves weed killer herbicide expense, also saves the weeding recruitment cost in field.
4, later stage disease early ageing situation
Table 7 cotton plants late onset and early ageing situation
| Process | Diseased plant rate (%) | Disease declines index |
| Routine techniques | 96.7 | 32.1 |
| The inventive method | 23.6 | 17.4 |
As shown in Table 7, adopt after the inventive method, cotton plants late onset strain rate and the disease index that declines all obviously reduces, and significantly reduces the impact of disease on output of cotton.
5, cotton biomass and output
Table 8 cotton biomass and yield traits
As can be seen from the above table, after adopting the inventive method, cotton field top biomass accumulation adds 7.1%, and single basal munure adds 1.4, and Single boll weight increases 0.4g, and seed cotton yield increases 37.0kg/ mu, and amount of increase in production reaches 12.3%.
Claims (4)
1. the reconstruct of Cotton Soil topsoil and a cultivation method for matching thereof, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, cotton culture area, enter the winter after autumn harvest before, cotton planting ground soil surface spread fertilizer over the fields organic manure, fertilizing amount is every mu of 2 ~ 3m
3;
Plough is ploughed deeply in b, use rotation, and the cotton planting after spreading fertilizer over the fields organic manure carries out deep ploughing operation on the ground;
Described rotation is ploughed deeply plough and is comprised tie-beam, first group of ploughshare and second group of ploughshare; Described tie-beam is the camber beam of end towards ploughshare dorsal part horizontal buckling, and described first group of ploughshare is arranged on the below of described tie-beam, and described second group of ploughshare is arranged on the top of described tie-beam, and described first group of ploughshare and described second group of ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged;
Described first group of ploughshare comprises the first main ploughshare, the first jointer ploughshare and the first deep soil loosing shovel; Described first main ploughshare is arranged on the leading portion of described tie-beam, and described first jointer ploughshare is arranged on the end of described tie-beam, the level height 20cm lower than the level height in described first jointer share beak portion of described first main ploughshare tip; Described first deep soil loosing shovel is arranged on the side-lower of described first main ploughshare, and the shovel face of described first deep soil loosing shovel and the angle of horizontal plane are 30 °, the level height 20cm lower than the level height of described first main ploughshare tip of described first deep soil loosing shovel tip; Be provided with the first support wheel in the outer proceeds posterolateral of described first jointer ploughshare, the wheel of described first support wheel along the level height of low spot than the level height height 20cm in described first jointer share beak portion;
Described second group of ploughshare comprises the second main ploughshare, the second jointer ploughshare and the second deep soil loosing shovel; Described second main ploughshare and the relative tie-beam of described first main ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged, described second jointer ploughshare and the relative tie-beam of described first jointer ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged, described second deep soil loosing shovel and the relative tie-beam of described first deep soil loosing shovel are for being symmetrical arranged, be provided with the second support wheel in the outer proceeds posterolateral of described second jointer ploughshare, described second support wheel and the relative tie-beam of described first support wheel are for being symmetrical arranged;
The process of the deep ploughing operation of the first plough width is, plough going straight ahead on the soil of the first plough width is ploughed deeply by tractor driven rotary, first by the farming in the first plough width of group ploughshare of first down, the first main ploughshare in first group of ploughshare is ditched in advance, the soil layer of 0-40cm below the distance earth's surface of the first plough width is rolled up, Formation Depth is the Tu Gou of 40cm, first deep soil loosing shovel loosens the soil layer of 40 ~ 60cm below distance earth's surface in native ditch subsequently, again, below the distance earth's surface of by the first jointer ploughshare, next-door neighbour institute being opened the second plough width soil of Tu Gou side, the upper topsoil of 0 ~ 20cm turns in the native ditch held successfully by the first main ploughshare,
Execute the thick charcoal powder of 1 ~ 2cm being outputed by first group of ploughshare and cover in the native ditch of topsoil to spill, form the powdered carbon layer covering upper topsoil in ditch;
When the deep ploughing of the first plough width operates the edge of a field, tractor driven rotary is ploughed deeply plough and is fallen later, and rotation is ploughed deeply plough and spin upside down 180 °, makes second group of ploughshare down, the second plough width of ploughing width next-door neighbour first starts the deep ploughing operation of the second plough width, specific operation process is, ditched in advance by the second main ploughshare in second group of ploughshare, the soil layer of 20 ~ 40cm below the distance earth's surface of the second plough width is translated in the native ditch of the first plough width, cover the top of the powdered carbon layer in the first plough width soil ditch, on the soil of the second plough width, Formation Depth is the Tu Gou of 40cm, the soil layer of the second deep soil loosing shovel to 40 ~ 60cm below the distance earth's surface in the second plough width soil ditch loosens, again, the upper topsoil apart from 0 ~ 20cm below earth's surface of by the second jointer ploughshare next-door neighbour second being ploughed the 3rd plough width soil of width Tu Gou side turns in the native ditch held successfully by the second main ploughshare,
Being outputed by second group of ploughshare and spreading fertilizer over the fields the thick charcoal powder of 1 ~ 2cm in the second plough width soil ditch covering topsoil, form the powdered carbon layer that upper topsoil in width soil ditch is ploughed in covering second;
When the deep ploughing of the second plough width operates the edge of a field, tractor driven rotary is ploughed deeply plough and is fallen later, and rotation is ploughed deeply plough and spin upside down 180 °, makes first group of ploughshare again down, and the 3rd plough width of ploughing width next-door neighbour second starts the deep ploughing operation of the 3rd plough width; By that analogy, until complete the deep ploughing operation on monoblock cotton planting ground, thus the soil plough horizon reconstruct on cotton planting ground is completed;
C, before the cotton planting phase in the coming year 7 ~ 10 days, the soil surface on the cotton planting ground after soil plough horizon reconstruct spreads fertilizer over the fields chemical fertilizer, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields urea 15 ~ 20kg, diammonium phosphate 10 ~ 12kg, potassium chloride 20 ~ 25kg, chemical fertilizer is being spread fertilizer over the fields after soil surface, carry out irrigation of watering, mu irrigation quantity controls at 80 ~ 100m
3;
D, within the cotton planting phase, Rotary tillage rake a kind of farm tools is carried out to the soil completing soil plough horizon reconstruct, then select the cotton variety being not less than 130 days breeding time to sow; Before sowing, the soil surface first after Rotary tillage rake a kind of farm tools lays plastic film, and the width of plastic film used is 60cm, and the Lay interval of adjacent two width mulch films is 16cm; During sowing, cotton seeds is seeded in soil exposed between adjacent two width mulch films;
E, retain leaf branch do not prune after cotton plants is buddingged, carry out plant thinning, density of reserved seedlings is 3000 ~ 3200 plants/acre;
F, in flower bud phase of cotton growth between initial bloom stage, pour water 1 time, irrigation quantity is 40 ~ 50m
3/ mu;
G, flower bud phase at cotton growth, spray mepiquat chloride 0.5 ~ 0.7g/ mu, at the initial bloom stage of cotton growth, spray mepiquat chloride 1.5 ~ 2.0g/ mu, at the full-bloom stage of cotton growth, spray mepiquat chloride 2.5 ~ 3.0g/ mu.
2. Cotton Soil topsoil reconstruct according to claim 1 and cultivation method for matching thereof, it is characterized in that, the fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields in described step a is pig manure or chicken manure.
3. Cotton Soil topsoil reconstruct according to claim 1 and cultivation method for matching thereof, it is characterized in that, mepiquat chloride spraying method in described step g is: a selected amount of mepiquat chloride is watered 10kg, be mixed with the liquid consumption of every mu, use sprayer in dusk calm weather, distance 30cm place, cotton plants top, evenly sprays.
4. Cotton Soil topsoil reconstruct Special rotary ploughs deeply a plough, it is characterized in that, comprises tie-beam, first group of ploughshare and second group of ploughshare; Described tie-beam is the camber beam of end towards ploughshare dorsal part horizontal buckling, and described first group of ploughshare is arranged on the below of described tie-beam, and described second group of ploughshare is arranged on the top of described tie-beam, and described first group of ploughshare and described second group of ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged;
Described first group of ploughshare comprises the first main ploughshare, the first jointer ploughshare and the first deep soil loosing shovel; Described first main ploughshare is arranged on the leading portion of described tie-beam, and described first jointer ploughshare is arranged on the end of described tie-beam, the level height 20cm lower than the level height in described first jointer share beak portion of described first main ploughshare tip; Described first deep soil loosing shovel is arranged on the side-lower of described first main ploughshare, and the shovel face of described first deep soil loosing shovel and the angle of horizontal plane are 30 °, the level height 20cm lower than the level height of described first main ploughshare tip of described first deep soil loosing shovel tip; Be provided with the first support wheel in the outer proceeds posterolateral of described first jointer ploughshare, the wheel of described first support wheel along the level height of low spot than the level height height 20cm in described first jointer share beak portion;
Described second group of ploughshare comprises the second main ploughshare, the second jointer ploughshare and the second deep soil loosing shovel; Described second main ploughshare and the relative tie-beam of described first main ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged, described second jointer ploughshare and the relative tie-beam of described first jointer ploughshare are for being symmetrical arranged, described second deep soil loosing shovel and the relative tie-beam of described first deep soil loosing shovel are for being symmetrical arranged, be provided with the second support wheel in the outer proceeds posterolateral of described second jointer ploughshare, described second support wheel and the relative tie-beam of described first support wheel are for being symmetrical arranged.
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| CN106613263A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-10 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for constructing soil ploughing layer of south-Xinjiang oasis drop-irrigation continuous-cropping middle-low-yield cotton field |
| CN107517609A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-29 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | One kind sprays biogas slurry and stalk equipment and layering returning to the field method are buried in upset |
| CN109429602A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-08 | 山东省农业机械科学研究院 | Soil layer for releasing peanut continuous cropping obstacle overturns improvement arable land method and its equipment |
| CN109566282A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-04-05 | 刘文文 | A kind of cultivating and growing method of Radix Notoginseng |
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| CN109429602A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-08 | 山东省农业机械科学研究院 | Soil layer for releasing peanut continuous cropping obstacle overturns improvement arable land method and its equipment |
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