CN107821052A - Dry land wheat whole life cycle design and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method - Google Patents
Dry land wheat whole life cycle design and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107821052A CN107821052A CN201711009094.9A CN201711009094A CN107821052A CN 107821052 A CN107821052 A CN 107821052A CN 201711009094 A CN201711009094 A CN 201711009094A CN 107821052 A CN107821052 A CN 107821052A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
The invention discloses dry land wheat whole life cycle design and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method, specially agricultural plantation technology field.First batch carries out full film earthing bunch planting from whole life cycle design, stays film no-tillage after wheat, improving straw mulching is carried out in residual film, second stubble crop of beginning sowing in good time；Directly stalks mulching and undegraded thoroughly degradable residual film are turned over into field after the small wheat harvest of regrowth hair, make stalk and residual film degradable in soil.First batch carries out the full film earthing bunch planting of whole life cycle design and can realize first planting wheat increase yield, time out and regrowth hair carry out residual film, stalk Film and straw mulching can not only meet the needs of regrowth hair wheat is to moisture, ensure regrowth hair wheat stable yields, and the degraded of residual film can be effectively facilitated by residual film, stalk Film and straw mulching, straw mulching and returning measure can also improve soil organic carbon, improve soil physical and chemical property；In addition, saving damaged film gathering cost using whole life cycle design, cost-saving synergistic is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dry land wheat whole life cycle design and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method, is specially agricultural
Planting technology field.
Background technology
The full film earthing bunch planting in nonirrigated farmland is no-tillage, and the covering suppression of multicroping technology collection is steamed, film surface sows cave collection rain, rainwater enrichment is folded
Add utilization, stay the technologies such as more batches of zero tillages of film in one, collect the rain moisture, heat extremely notable with effect of increasing production, and realize
No-tillage multicroping, greatly reduces production cost.The technology is pacified to improving dry land wheat productivity effect and support area grain
It is complete significant.But under prior art pattern, carry out staying the no-tillage multicroping of film to cause using polyethylene ground film
Mulch film is seriously broken and is more difficult to pick up, so as to bring residual film pollution problem；And currently available whole life cycle design
Its functional lifetime is not enough to fully meet no-tillage multicroping requirement in Dryland；In addition, long-term mulch film annual mulching and no-tillage
Soil physical and chemical property can be negatively affected.Restricted by factors above, the no-tillage multicroping technology of the full film earthing bunch planting in nonirrigated farmland
Fail to be widely applied in actual production.Therefore, it is necessary to by key technique carry out technological innovation come
Optimization and the lifting no-tillage Efficient Cultivation pattern of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat, realize volume increase stable yields and cost-saving synergistic.
The no-tillage multicroping technology of the existing full film earthing bunch planting in nonirrigated farmland refers to that first batch utilizes polyethylene ground film in field
Full covered ground, then the soil in one layer of 1cm of mulch film overlying or so, then with hill-drop drill on film bunch planting wheat, pass through no-tillage cultivation
Training mulch film can be used continuously 3~4 years.Before generally after stubble harvest, mulch film is protected, (artificial or chemical weed control is equal for time out weeding
Can), impose fertilizer (impose after snow, imposed before rain), second stubble crop of beginning sowing in good time.The no-tillage two batches of cropping patterns of film are stayed mainly to have small
Wheat-wheat, wheat-rape, wheat-soybean, wheat-flax etc., stay the no-tillage three batches of cropping patterns of film mainly have wheat-wheat-
Winter rape, wheat-wheat-soybean, wheat-wheat-vegetables, wheat-flax-soybean, wheat-rape-soybean, wheat-millet-
Soybean etc., the no-tillage four batches of cropping patterns of film are stayed mainly to have wheat-wheat-rape-soybean, wheat-flax-soybean-rape, small
Wheat-soybean-flax-rape, wheat-wheat-soybean-wheat etc..The no-tillage multicroping of film is stayed in order to realize, solves second stubble crop
The problem of fertilizer deficiency, first batch of crop will plough deeply ground, heavy base fertilizer application before broadcasting, recommended rate of fertilizer application is 4000~5000kg/ of farm manure
667m2, pure N10~12kg/667m2、P2O58~10kg/667m2。
The no-tillage multicroping technology of the existing full film earthing bunch planting in nonirrigated farmland can realize precipitation efficiently utilization and dry land wheat
Stable yields is increased production；Meanwhile an overlay film earthing can continuously plant 3~4 batches, greatly reduce production cost.But prior art
The mulch film that pattern uses is polyethylene ground film, need to finally be disposed from farmland, and mulch film badly broken after Long-term No-tillage, is picked up
Cost is higher, residual film can be caused to pollute；And it can be caused for a long time using mulch film progress annual mulching under soil organic matter merely
Drop；In addition, Long-term No-tillage can cause topsoil soils unit weight to become a series of problems, such as big, porosity diminishes, shadow under present mode
Ring crop root growth and soil microbial activities.Disadvantages described above seriously limits the no-tillage efficiency cultivation technology for high of nonirrigated farmland plastic-sheet-covered wheat
Further development and large scale application.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide dry land wheat whole life cycle design and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method,
To solve the problems, such as that above-mentioned background technology is present.
To achieve the above object, the specific embodiment of the invention provides following technical scheme：Described dry land wheat is given birth to entirely
Thing degradative plastic film and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method are no-tillage two batches of cropping patterns, and two batches of crops are wheat, first
Stubble carries out full film earthing bunch planting from whole life cycle design, stays film no-tillage after wheat, improving straw mulching is carried out in residual film, then in good time
Sow second stubble crop；Directly stalks mulching and undegraded thoroughly degradable residual film are turned over into field after the small wheat harvest of regrowth hair, make straw
Stalk and residual film are degradable in soil；
Dry land wheat whole life cycle design of the present invention and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method specific method include with
Lower step：Step 1: prepare before sowing, the selection in plot, select soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, fertile soil, 15 ° of the gradient with
Under valley, plateau, terraced fields, Gou Badi, preceding crop is advisable with beans, rape, wheat class, and potato, corn crops for rotation take second place；
Site preparation and soil treatment, preceding crop harvest after deep plough immediately stubble-cleaning, rain of receiving store moisture in the soil, 35~40cm of tilling depth, then
Harrow a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, the smooth earth's surface of rotary cultivator shallow plowing is used before overlay film；
The serious plot of subterranean pest-insect is, it is necessary to carry out drug-treated；
Step 2: fertilising, according to dry land wheat uptake characters, Labile soil organic carbon and stays the no-tillage demand of film, heavy base fertilizer application,
And carry out organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer rationally with applying, with reference to deep ploughing stubble-cleaning, the high-quality 3000~4000kg/ of well-rotted farmyard manure of deep placement
667m2, or 200~250kg/667m of organic commercial fertilizer of the content of organic matter >=45%2；With reference to last time site preparation, per 667m2
Pure N to fertilize：8~10kg, P2O5：8~10kg, single fertilization, rowen no longer carry out top dressing；
Step 3: covering mulch film, during first batch of overlay film earthing, from breadth 120cm whole life cycle design, it is desirable to work(
It can reach in Dryland more than 400 days phase, that is, ensure that its functional period continues to lower stubble Wheat Seedling.Flat plot can use power
Draw overlay film earthing all-in-one and carry out overlay film earthing, sloping upland of the gradient less than 15 ° can use manpower overlay film drag links overlay film.Film
Between width can close proximity, can also stay 3~5cm spacing, what self-assembling formation 3cm or so was high between film web blocks rain micro-ridge, and overlay film will be put down
Whole, uniform earthing 1cm or so on film, overlay film is necessary for thin spongy soils with soil, to prevent people and animals from trampleing on after overlay film, be made with extending mulch film
With the life-span, soil moisture conservation effect is improved；
Depending on overlay film basis of time soil moisture content, when arable layer water content is 13%~15%, it can be sowed in overlay film；
When arable layer water content be less than 13% when, to wait rain lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil or plastic film mulch improving soil moisture in advance, soil moisture conservation；As soil moisture is excessive, it is necessary to enter
Row turns over drying 1~2 day, then harrows the smooth soil of pine planting after plastic covered again, avoids planting hole during wheat cultivation from being blocked；
Step 4: sowing, seeding process refers to winter wheat suitable sowing date for September 25 days to October 15, spring wheat optimum period
Early sowing, should be 15 to 25 in March, to avoid the hardened making emergence difficult of earthing, should be kept away as far as possible on the basis of in optimum period, evening is broadcast
The rainy day is opened, is sowed under conditions of fine, small plot is sowed from Manpower drill, and larger and smooth plot is using complete
Film earthing bunch planting all-in-one is sowed；Variety selection is first carried out before sowing, it is the high yield of selection drought resisting, resistant to lodging, stripe rust resisting etc., excellent
Matter kind, and need to carry out medicine seed dressing to prevent crop diseases before sowing；
Specification is sowed, is sowed using hill-drop drill, 3~5cm of depth of planting, 15~16cm of line-spacing, hill spacing 12cm, 120cm
The every width film of film broadcasts 7~8 rows, and single file hill-drop drill uses during sowing sows with film same direction, can mitigate kind of plant hole and ground fenestra is wrong
Seedling number is put in position phenomenon, reduction；
Thickness of sowing, after should strictly considering that individual plant available tillering, Winter Wheat Area should deduct individual plant effective tillering per bunch planting amount
Calculate per seed number per, spring wheat area can not calculate individual plant tiller number, and early sowing density should be slightly smaller, and evening broadcasts density should be slightly larger, and the spring is small
Wheat should suitably increase the amount of broadcasting based on stem Cheng Sui, and various regions should be strictly according to Wheat Varieties, precipitation, frost-free period, height above sea level
Height rationally determines application rate, and general 15~16cm of line-spacing, hill spacing 12cm, winter wheat is per 8~12, cave, 10~15kg/ of the amount of broadcasting
667m2；Spring wheat is per 9~12, cave, 11~15kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；
Field management, prophase management, after planting meet rain to abolish in time it is hardened, it is general using rake a kind of farm tools device by hand or special broken
Abolished except hardened device multiplies Surface Humid, then influence to abolish effect when ground surface soil is dry and cracked；If causing film to push seedling it was found that seedling hole misplaces,
Seedling sealing should be put in time；Meet a small amount of weeds and then carry out artificial weeding, overlay film and should after planting check wheatland overlay film situation, intentinonally
Film protects, and damages, should repair in time if finding that mulch film is blown up or trampleed on by animal；
Lodging-prevention, easily there is prosperous length in wheat under the conditions of Winter wheat, there is the prosperous long field that lodging is inclined to, at jointing initial stage
From 50% cycocel, 100~300 times of liquid, or 20% Zhuang Feng An 30~40ml of missible oil, 30~40kg is watered, even spraying is pre-
It is anti-, it can effectively suppress internode elongation, downgrade plant, basal part of stem is thick and stiff, so as to prevent lodging；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, stripe rust disease leaf and powdery mildew disease leaf can occur during fertility, it is necessary to be prevented and treated using medicine
Processing, in Myospalax fontanieri(Milne-Edwards) activity peak period, late March to mid-May, is shot to death from zokor spirit period poison bait or bow and arrow；
Harvest, wheat ripe seed are hardened in good time, in time low stubble harvesting, typically take artificial harvest or using manual small
Harvester is harvested；
Step 5: improving straw mulching, film is stayed after first batch of harvesting wheat, with i.e. by the whole stalk of wheat stalk be covered in residual film it
On, residual film, stalk Film and straw mulching are formed, straw mulching quantity is 300~400kg/667m2., should be in preceding stubble when regrowth hair is spring wheat
Stalks mulching immediately after small wheat harvest, the beginning of spring in next year live spring wheat in good time；When regrowth hair is winter wheat, it should be covered after wheat emergence
Stalk；Mulch film must be protected during first batch of harvesting wheat, forbids big-and-middle-sized agricultural transporting vehicle and large-scale united reaper
Gather in entering, roping, it is ensured that residual film continues to play function in time out and lower stubble；After regrowth hair harvesting wheat, straw will be directly covered
Stalk and undegraded thoroughly degradable residual film are turned over into field, make stalk and residual film degradable in soil.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：First, first batch of progress full film of whole life cycle design covers
Soil pit broadcasts achievable first planting wheat increase yield, and time out and regrowth hair carry out residual film, stalk Film and straw mulching can not only meet regrowth hair wheat
To the demand of moisture, ensure regrowth hair wheat stable yields, and the degraded of residual film can be effectively facilitated by residual film, stalk Film and straw mulching；
Secondly, damaged film gathering cost is saved using whole life cycle design, realizes cost-saving synergistic；In addition, the week described in this method
Year covering pattern is that mulch film, stalk alternately cover, and can make a large amount of stalks next year mulching and returning, can effectively improve the soil organism,
Improve soil physical and chemical property.
Embodiment
Invention is described in further detail using following technical scheme and embodiment for present embodiment.
Dry land wheat whole life cycle design and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method described in present embodiment
Specific method comprises the following steps：Step 1: preparing before sowing, the selection in plot, selection soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, soil
Valley, plateau below fertile, 15 ° of the gradient, terraced fields, Gou Badi, preceding crop is advisable with beans, rape, wheat class, potato,
Corn crops for rotation take second place；
Site preparation and soil treatment, preceding crop harvest after deep plough immediately stubble-cleaning, rain of receiving store moisture in the soil, 35~40cm of tilling depth, then
Harrow a kind of farm tools and receive moisture in the soil, the smooth earth's surface of rotary cultivator shallow plowing is used before overlay film；
The serious plot of subterranean pest-insect is, it is necessary to carry out drug-treated；Per 667m2With 50% phoxim or 48% chlopyrifos breast
Oily 0.50kg adds 10 times of water, and spray mixes thin sand and soil 50kg, is made after pesticide-clay mixture spreads fertilizer over the fields and ploughed shallowly.The serious plot of Weed infestation, covers
The full ground of water 50kg is sprayed with 50% acetochlor ec 100g before film, timely overlay film after having sprayed.
Step 2: fertilising, according to dry land wheat uptake characters, Labile soil organic carbon and stays the no-tillage demand of film, heavy base fertilizer application,
And carry out organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer rationally with applying, with reference to deep ploughing stubble-cleaning, the high-quality 3000~4000kg/ of well-rotted farmyard manure of deep placement
667m2, or 200~250kg/667m of organic commercial fertilizer of the content of organic matter >=45%2；With reference to last time site preparation, per 667m2
Pure N to fertilize：8~10kg, P2O5：8~10kg, single fertilization, rowen no longer carry out top dressing；
Step 3: covering mulch film, during first batch of overlay film earthing, from breadth 120cm whole life cycle design, it is desirable to work(
It can reach in Dryland more than 400 days phase, that is, ensure that its functional period continues to lower stubble Wheat Seedling.Flat plot can use power
Draw overlay film earthing all-in-one and carry out overlay film earthing, sloping upland of the gradient less than 15 ° can use manpower overlay film drag links overlay film.Film
Between width can close proximity, can also stay 3~5cm spacing, what self-assembling formation 3cm or so was high between film web blocks rain micro-ridge, and overlay film will be put down
Whole, uniform earthing 1cm or so on film, overlay film is necessary for thin spongy soils with soil, to prevent people and animals from trampleing on after overlay film, be made with extending mulch film
With the life-span, soil moisture conservation effect is improved；
Depending on overlay film basis of time soil moisture content, when arable layer water content is 13%~15%, it can be sowed in overlay film；
When arable layer water content be less than 13% when, to wait rain lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil or plastic film mulch improving soil moisture in advance, soil moisture conservation；As soil moisture is excessive, it is necessary to enter
Row turns over drying 1~2 day, then harrows the smooth soil of pine planting after plastic covered again, avoids planting hole during wheat cultivation from being blocked；
Step 4: sowing, seeding process refers to winter wheat suitable sowing date for September 25 days to October 15, spring wheat optimum period
Early sowing, should be 15 to 25 in March, to avoid the hardened making emergence difficult of earthing, should be kept away as far as possible on the basis of in optimum period, evening is broadcast
The rainy day is opened, is sowed under conditions of fine, small plot is sowed from Manpower drill, and larger and smooth plot is using complete
Film earthing bunch planting all-in-one is sowed；Variety selection is first carried out before sowing, it is the high yield of selection drought resisting, resistant to lodging, stripe rust resisting etc., excellent
The kind such as matter kind, spring wheat such as Gansu Province spring 27, west drought 2, west drought 3, sweet spring No. 25, Dingxi 41, winter wheat such as blue sky 26
Number, blue sky 27, Gansu Province mirror 386, Gansu Province mirror 301, central sill 25, the kinds such as No. 3 in Gansu Province.
And need to carry out medicine seed dressing to prevent crop diseases before sowing；Stripe rust, powdery mildew, smut and underground evil
Chong Yifa areas, dressing seed is required before sowing.Stripe rust, powdery mildew, smut, take-all, root rot are prevented and treated, can be selected
15% trazodone wettable powder presses the uniform dry mixing seeds of 0.2% (100kg seeds medication 200g) of grain weight；Prevent and treat underground evil
Worm, spider, wheat aphid etc., can be selected 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 48% chlorpyrifos ec presses 0.2% (100kg kinds of grain weight
Sub- medication 200g), 3~5kg seed dressings are watered, mix the vexed 12~24h sowings of rear heap.
Specification is sowed, is sowed using hill-drop drill, 3~5cm of depth of planting, 15~16cm of line-spacing, hill spacing 12cm, 120cm
The every width film of film broadcasts 7~8 rows, and single file hill-drop drill uses during sowing sows with film same direction, can mitigate kind of plant hole and ground fenestra is wrong
Seedling number is put in position phenomenon, reduction；Winter wheat is per 8~12, cave, 10~15kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；Spring wheat is broadcast per 9~12, cave
Measure 11~15kg/667m2.It is recommended that in 300~400mm of rainfall regions, winter wheat line-spacing 16cm, hill spacing 12cm, per bunch planting 8~
9,10~11kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；In 400~500mm of rainfall regions, line-spacing 16cm, hill spacing 12cm, every bunch planting 9~10
Grain, 11~12kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；In 500~600mm of rainfall regions, line-spacing 16cm, hill spacing 12cm, every bunch planting 10~12
Grain, 12~15kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2.Spring wheat accordingly increases the amount of broadcasting 10% compared with winter wheat.
Thickness of sowing, after should strictly considering that individual plant available tillering, Winter Wheat Area should deduct individual plant effective tillering per bunch planting amount
Calculate per seed number per, spring wheat area can not calculate individual plant tiller number, and early sowing density should be slightly smaller, and evening broadcasts density should be slightly larger, and the spring is small
Wheat should suitably increase the amount of broadcasting based on stem Cheng Sui, and various regions should be strictly according to Wheat Varieties, precipitation, frost-free period, height above sea level
Height rationally determines application rate, and general 15~16cm of line-spacing, hill spacing 12cm, winter wheat is per 8~12, cave, 10~15kg/ of the amount of broadcasting
667m2；Spring wheat is per 9~12, cave, 11~15kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；
Field management, prophase management, after planting meet rain to abolish in time it is hardened, it is general using rake a kind of farm tools device by hand or special broken
Abolished except hardened device multiplies Surface Humid, then influence to abolish effect when ground surface soil is dry and cracked；If causing film to push seedling it was found that seedling hole misplaces,
Seedling sealing should be put in time；Meet a small amount of weeds and then carry out artificial weeding, overlay film and should after planting check wheatland overlay film situation, intentinonally
Film protects, and damages, should repair in time if finding that mulch film is blown up or trampleed on by animal；
Lodging-prevention, easily there is prosperous length in wheat under the conditions of Winter wheat, there is the prosperous long field that lodging is inclined to, at jointing initial stage
From 50% cycocel, 100~300 times of liquid, or 20% Zhuang Feng An 30~40ml of missible oil, 30~40kg is watered, even spraying is pre-
It is anti-, it can effectively suppress internode elongation, downgrade plant, basal part of stem is thick and stiff, so as to prevent lodging；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, during fertility stripe rust disease leaf rate up to 10%, powdery mildew disease leaf rate reach 5% when, per 667m2With
15% 3 file ketone wettable powder 75g~100g, or use 12.5% olefin conversion wettable powder 20g~30g, be watered 50kg spray
Preventing and treating；The serious wheatland of wheat aphid, spider, per 667m2With 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 20ml, 50kg spraying preventing and treatings are watered,
Myospalax fontanieri(Milne-Edwards) activity peak period, late March to mid-May, is shot to death from zokor spirit period poison bait or bow and arrow；
Harvest, wheat ripe seed are hardened in good time, in time low stubble harvesting, typically take artificial harvest or using manual small
Harvester is harvested；
Step 5: improving straw mulching, film is stayed after first batch of harvesting wheat, with i.e. by the whole stalk of wheat stalk be covered in residual film it
On, residual film, stalk Film and straw mulching are formed, straw mulching quantity is 300~400kg/667m2., should be in preceding stubble when regrowth hair is spring wheat
Stalks mulching immediately after small wheat harvest, the beginning of spring in next year live spring wheat in good time；When regrowth hair is winter wheat, it should be covered after wheat emergence
Stalk；Mulch film must be protected during first batch of harvesting wheat, forbids big-and-middle-sized agricultural transporting vehicle and large-scale united reaper
Gather in entering, roping, it is ensured that residual film continues to play function in time out and lower stubble；After regrowth hair harvesting wheat, straw will be directly covered
Stalk and undegraded thoroughly degradable residual film are turned over into field, make stalk and residual film degradable in soil.
Present embodiment is carried out into field test to verify with large-area applications, on Dingxi, Gansu, Qingyang, Pingliang and other places
First batch of wheat increase yield 34%~63% can be made using this method, per mu yield reaches 200~more than 450kg, no-tillage regrowth hair wheat mu
Production reaches 200~400kg, and saves damaged film gathering cost, reduces residual film pollution, realizes the volume increase of dry land wheat stable yields
With cost-saving synergistic.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of changes, modification can be carried out to these embodiments, replace without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (2)
1. dry land wheat whole life cycle design and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method, it is characterised in that：Described nonirrigated farmland
Wheat whole life cycle design and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method are no-tillage two batches of cropping patterns, and two batches of crops are small
Wheat, first batch carries out full film earthing bunch planting from whole life cycle design, stays film no-tillage after wheat, improving straw mulching is carried out in residual film,
Then begin sowing in good time second stubble crop；After the small wheat harvest of regrowth hair directly by stalks mulching and undegraded thoroughly degradable residual film turn over into
Field, make stalk and residual film degradable in soil.
2. dry land wheat whole life cycle design according to claim 1 and stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method, its
It is characterised by：Described degradative plastic film specifically includes following steps with stalk annual mulching no-tillage cultivation method：Step 1: sowing
Preceding preparation, the selection in plot, select soil layer it is deep, the soil is porous, the valley below fertile soil, 15 ° of the gradient, plateau, terraced fields,
Ditch dam, preceding crop is advisable with beans, rape, wheat class, and potato, corn crops for rotation take second place；
Site preparation and soil treatment, preceding crop harvest after deep plough immediately stubble-cleaning, rain of receiving store moisture in the soil, 35~40cm of tilling depth, then harrow a kind of farm tools
Moisture in the soil is received, the smooth earth's surface of rotary cultivator shallow plowing is used before overlay film；
The serious plot of subterranean pest-insect is, it is necessary to carry out drug-treated；
Step 2: fertilising, according to dry land wheat uptake characters, Labile soil organic carbon and stays the no-tillage demand of film, heavy base fertilizer application, goes forward side by side
Row organic fertilizer and rationally matching somebody with somebody for chemical fertilizer apply, with reference to deep ploughing stubble-cleaning, the high-quality 3000~4000kg/667m of well-rotted farmyard manure of deep placement2, or
200~250kg/667m of organic commercial fertilizer of the content of organic matter >=45%2；With reference to last time site preparation, per 667m2It is pure to fertilize
N：8~10kg, P2O5：8~10kg, single fertilization, rowen no longer carry out top dressing；
Step 3: covering mulch film, during first batch of overlay film earthing, from breadth 120cm whole life cycle design, it is desirable to functional period
Reach in Dryland more than 400 days, that is, ensure that its functional period continues that to lower stubble Wheat Seedling, flat plot power traction can be used
Overlay film earthing all-in-one carries out overlay film earthing, and the gradient can use manpower overlay film drag links overlay film less than 15 ° of sloping upland, film web it
Between can close proximity, can also stay 3~5cm spacing, what self-assembling formation 3cm was high between film web blocks rain micro-ridge, and overlay film is smooth, on film
Even earthing 1cm, overlay film are necessary for thin spongy soils with soil, to prevent people and animals from trampleing on after overlay film, to extend mulch film service life, improve and protect
Moisture in the soil effect；
Depending on overlay film basis of time soil moisture content, when arable layer water content is 13%~15%, it can be sowed in overlay film；When cultivated
Make layer water content less than 13% when, to wait rain lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil or plastic film mulch improving soil moisture in advance, soil moisture conservation；As soil moisture is excessive, it is necessary to turned over
Plough and dry 1~2 day, then harrow the smooth soil of pine planting after plastic covered again, avoid planting hole during wheat cultivation from being blocked；
Step 4: sowing, seeding process refers to winter wheat suitable sowing date for September 25 days to October 15, spring wheat sowing date for early sowing,
Should be 15 to 25 in March, to avoid the hardened making emergence difficult of earthing, rain should be avoided as far as possible on the basis of evening is broadcast in optimum period
My god, sowed under conditions of fine, small plot is sowed from Manpower drill, and larger and smooth plot is covered using full film
Soil pit broadcasts all-in-one sowing；Variety selection is first carried out before sowing, selects high yield, the high-quality product of drought resisting, resistant to lodging, stripe rust resisting etc.
Kind, and need to carry out medicine seed dressing to prevent crop diseases before sowing；
Specification is sowed, is sowed using hill-drop drill, 3~5cm of depth of planting, 15~16cm of line-spacing, hill spacing 12cm, 120cm mulch film is every
Width film broadcasts 7~8 rows, and single file hill-drop drill uses during sowing sows with film same direction, can mitigate kind of plant hole and ground fenestra dislocation is existing
As seedling number is put in reduction；
Thickness of sowing, it should strictly consider that individual plant available tillering, Winter Wheat Area calculate after should deducting individual plant effective tillering per bunch planting amount
Per seed number per, spring wheat area can not calculate individual plant tiller number, and early sowing density should be slightly smaller, and evening broadcasts density should be slightly larger, spring wheat with
Based on stem Cheng Sui, the amount of broadcasting should be suitably increased, various regions should be strictly according to Wheat Varieties, precipitation, frost-free period, height above sea level
Application rate is rationally determined, 15~16cm of line-spacing, hill spacing 12cm, winter wheat is per 8~12, cave, 10~15kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；Spring
Wheat is per 9~12, cave, 11~15kg/667m of the amount of broadcasting2；
Field management, prophase management, after planting meeting rain will abolish hardened in time, using rake a kind of farm tools device by hand or special abolish hardened device
Multiply Surface Humid to abolish, then influence to abolish effect when ground surface soil is dry and cracked；If it was found that the dislocation of seedling hole causes film to push seedling, should put in time
Seedling seals；Meet a small amount of weeds and then carry out artificial weeding, overlay film and should after planting check wheatland overlay film situation, strengthen mulch film protection,
If being damaged it was found that mulch film is blown up or trampleed on by animal, should repair in time；
Lodging-prevention, easily there is prosperous length in wheat under the conditions of Winter wheat, there is the prosperous long field that lodging is inclined to, and is selected initial stage in jointing
50% 100~300 times of cycocel liquid, or 20% Zhuang Feng An 30~40ml of missible oil, 30~40kg is watered, even spraying prevention can
Effectively suppress internode elongation, downgrade plant, basal part of stem is thick and stiff, so as to prevent lodging；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, stripe rust disease leaf and powdery mildew disease leaf can occur during fertility, it is necessary to carry out Prevention technology using medicine,
In Myospalax fontanieri(Milne-Edwards) activity peak period, late March to mid-May, shot to death from zokor spirit period poison bait or bow and arrow；
Harvest, wheat ripe seed are hardened in good time, in time low stubble harvesting, take artificial harvest or are entered using manual small harvester
Row harvest；
Step 5: improving straw mulching, film is stayed after first batch of harvesting wheat, with the whole stalk of wheat stalk is covered on residual film,
Residual film, stalk Film and straw mulching are formed, straw mulching quantity is 300~400kg/667m2, should be small in preceding stubble when regrowth hair is spring wheat
Stalks mulching immediately after wheat harvest, the beginning of spring in next year live spring wheat in good time；When regrowth hair is winter wheat, straw should be covered after wheat emergence
Stalk；Mulch film must be protected during first batch of harvesting wheat, forbids big-and-middle-sized agricultural transporting vehicle and large-scale united reaper to enter
Ground harvesting, roping, it is ensured that residual film continues to play function in time out and lower stubble；After regrowth hair harvesting wheat, directly by stalks mulching
Turned over undegraded thoroughly degradable residual film into field, make stalk and residual film degradable in soil.
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| CN115669441B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-03-17 | 山西农业大学 | High-water-retention dust-suppression straw covering method and straw forming die |
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