CN114885772A - Cultivation method for cultivating early-maturing fresh-eating corn in dry land winter wheat after-stubble no-tillage multiple cropping mode - Google Patents
Cultivation method for cultivating early-maturing fresh-eating corn in dry land winter wheat after-stubble no-tillage multiple cropping mode Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for cultivating post-stubble no-tillage multiple-cropping early-maturing fresh-eating corn of winter wheat in dry land, which comprises the following steps of S1: cultivating winter wheat of the first crop; s2: preparing the second crop of no-tillage multiple-cropping precocious fresh-eating corns; s3: sowing second-crop early-maturing fresh-eating corns; s4: preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time; s5: harvesting in time; s6: after the second crop of early-maturing fresh-eating corn is harvested, the root stubbles of the early-maturing fresh-eating corn and the full-biodegradable mulching film are deeply ploughed into soil, pressed, protected in soil moisture and fertilized, so that water and nutrient conditions are created for planting other crops in the next year, and white pollution of the mulching film is obviously reduced. The invention can reduce the non-production consumption of rainfall in the east region of Gansu province, effectively improve the photo-thermal water resource utilization rate and the land productivity, increase the income of growers through high multi-cropping economic benefit, time-staggered marketing and the like, realize the crop rotation of winter wheat and early-maturing fresh-eating corn, and reduce the effects of soil-borne diseases, mulching film pollution and nitrate nitrogen pollution on soil and water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for cultivating early-maturing fresh-eating corn in a non-tillage multi-cropping mode in the afterreap of winter wheat in dry land.
Background
Aiming at the characteristics that the heat resources of the loess dry highland in the east of Gansu province are surplus in one season, two seasons are insufficient, and about 70% of rainfall in the whole year is concentrated in 7-9 months, in the full-film soil-covering hill-seeding winter wheat planting mode, after harvesting in the 6 th lower ten days of winter wheat, the soil is idle for about 90-120 days, the ground surface is exposed, the idle period positive-value rainy season is parallel to the summer high temperature, and 60% of the rainfall in the same period is inefficiently evaporated, so that abundant photo-thermal water resources cannot be used for crop production and are wasted.
The fresh corn is rich in nutrition, is rich in selenium and anticancer, contains a large amount of trace elements such as iron, manganese, calcium and copper, also contains 7 amino acids such as alkaloid, lysine, methionine, leucine and the like, particularly has the content of the trace element selenium which is 8 times of that of the common corn, and is a global nutritional functional food. Compared with feeding corn, fresh-eating corn has better market and economic benefits, and is a novel, green and sunrise industry at present. The full-film soil-covering hole sowing technology is a new high-efficiency dry farming technology which uses film surface sowing seed holes to collect rain, full-ground film covering to inhibit soil moisture evaporation and fully utilizes photo-thermal resources, can effectively solve the problems of lack of water and low yield and instability of dry-land crops in the growth period, thoroughly solves the problems that the conventional film covering is easy to cause dislocation of the sowing seed holes and seedlings and time and labor are wasted when seedlings are put manually, and can improve the re-sowing index and realize cost saving and efficiency improvement when the next crop is re-sowed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the non-productive consumption of rainfall in the east region of Gansu province, the photo-thermal water resource utilization rate and the land productivity are effectively improved, and the income of growers is increased through high repeated planting economic benefit, time-staggered marketing and the like. The invention provides a cultivation method for replanting early-maturing fresh-eating corn in a non-tillage way in the afterreap of winter wheat in a dry land, which can realize the alternate crop inversion of the winter wheat and the early-maturing fresh-eating corn, reduce soil-borne diseases and mulching film pollution and reduce the pollution of nitrate nitrogen to soil and water while improving the replanting index and the utilization rate of photo-thermal water nitrogen resources.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cultivation method for cultivating early-maturing fresh-eating corn in a non-tillage multi-cropping mode in the afterreap of winter wheat in dry land is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1: cultivating winter wheat of the first crop; leveling the ground before sowing winter wheat, and performing basal application of high-quality thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate, common urea and controlled release urea in proportion at one time by combining rotary tillage before sowing; after full-ground covering with a full-biodegradable mulching film, uniformly paving a layer of fine cotton soil on the film, and then hole sowing winter wheat; s2: preparing the second crop of no-tillage multiple-cropping precocious fresh-eating corns; removing the winter wheat straws after harvesting and leaving stubbles of winter wheat in the next year, protecting the mulching film, removing the mulching film and ploughing soil before replanting the early-maturing fresh corn, and replanting when the film-left stubbles are robbed by rain; s3: sowing second-crop early-maturing fresh-eating corns; directly bunch planting early-maturing fresh corn in the middle 7 th month when the corn is robbed by rain, S4: preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time; and (3) preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time after the early-maturing fresh-eating corn seedlings emerge. S5: harvesting in time; according to the change of air temperature and market demand, determining a proper harvesting period, and improving the quality of fresh corn and the income of farmers; s6: after the second crop of early-maturing fresh-eating corn is harvested, the root stubble of the early-maturing fresh-eating corn and the full-biodegradable mulching film are deeply ploughed into soil, and the soil is compressed, preserved in soil moisture and fertilized to create water and nutrient conditions for planting other crops in the next year. Meanwhile, the fully biodegradable mulching film cannot pollute the soil habitat after being turned into the soil.
In the scheme, in the step S1, the high-quality decomposed farmyard manure is 60000-120000 kg/hm 2 (ii) a 937.5-1125 kg/hm of calcium superphosphate 2 In which P is 2 O 5 The content is 16 percent; 120.0-150.0 kg/hm of common urea 2 286.4-358.0 kg/hm of controlled release urea 2 The controlled release urea and the common urea are applied according to the proportion of 7:3, the N content in the common urea is 46.0 percent, the N content in the controlled release urea is 45 percent, the release period is more than 90 days, and the initial release rate is less than 10 percent; the primary base is applied to a soil layer of 0-20 cm.
In the above scheme, in step S1, the fine cotton soil is uniformly spread on the film to a thickness of 1-2 cm.
In the scheme, in the step S1, the rotary tillage refers to the use of a high-horsepower tractor matched with a rotary tillage machine, the rotary tillage depth is 20-25 cm, and the ground is smooth and has no soil blocks or stubbles.
In the scheme, in the step S1, the full-biodegradable mulching film has the width of 120cm and the thickness of 0.01 mm.
In the scheme, in the step S2, the winter wheat is harvested next year and stubble is remained for 3-5 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) The invention utilizes the technology of the controlled release urea and the common urea, can realize crop rotation and stubble rotation between the winter wheat and the early-maturing fresh-eating corn, improves the multiple cropping index and the utilization rate of the photo-thermal water nitrogen fertilizer resource, leads the multiple cropping fresh-eating corn to be sold on the market at different time, is beneficial to promoting agriculture and increasing income, has obvious economic benefit, and is particularly suitable for being popularized in semi-humid and partially drought regions with annual precipitation of more than 400 mm. 2) The full-biodegradation mulching film is adopted to cover the soil in the full-growth period of the second crop, so that the service life of the mulching film is prolonged, the pollution of residual films is obviously reduced, the soil water storage and preservation capability of the soil can be enhanced, and the soil water storage and preservation effect can be enhanced by the rain infiltration collected by the sowing holes; 3) the one-time mechanical basal application of the controlled release urea and the common urea in a specific proportion can reduce the labor intensity and the deep infiltration of nitrate nitrogen, save the cost, enhance the efficiency and protect the environment. 4) The controlled release urea and the common urea are proportionally applied to realize the balanced supply of the nitrogen fertilizer in the growth period of the second crop, the nitrogen in the controlled release nitrogen fertilizer is basically not released because the soil temperature is close to or lower than 0 ℃ in the idle period of winter and spring, and the nitrogen begins to be slowly released after the winter and the ground temperature rise, so that the premature senility caused by the nitrogen fertilizer removal in the late growth period of the no-tillage multiple fresh-feeding corn can be avoided, meanwhile, the pollution to the soil habitat caused by the deep downward movement of nitrate nitrogen can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of a controlled release urea release experiment.
FIG. 2 is a test chart of nitrate nitrogen residue in soil depth of 0-20cm in different dispensing ratios of controlled release urea and common urea.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of cultivation of winter wheat after-stubble replanting precocious fresh-eating corn.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 3.
In the figure: 1. soil; 2. covering soil on the film; 3. fresh corn; 4. wheat stubble; 5. controlled release urea; 6. ordinary urea; 7. a full-biodegradable mulching film.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the controlled release urea release experiment was performed in advance in the rain-fed agricultural region of the dry tableland in Long Dong. According to the hydrothermal characteristics of the Gandong dry tableland, the maximum release rate time of the controlled release urea is about 90 days after the controlled release urea is applied to the soil, and the release rate becomes slow after 120 days. The full-film soil-covered wheat has less nutrient demand in the seedling stage, and quickly enters the idle stage of about 150 days in winter and spring, the soil moisture in winter is sealed and frozen without transferring, the controlled-release urea nutrient is basically not released until the soil is thawed in the middle 3 months of the next year and the winter wheat is harvested, about 90 days are needed, so that the time for the winter wheat to really need the nutrient is about 120 days, the fresh-eating corn with the growth period of about 90 days is sown after harvesting, and the nitrogen nutrient released in the later stage of the controlled-release urea can completely meet the nitrogen nutrient demand of the fresh-eating corn, and the nitrogen fertilizer is not applied any more in the whole growth period of the fresh-eating corn.
As shown in figure 2, the control-release urea with different dispensing ratios is compared with the nitrate nitrogen residue in a soil layer of 0-20cm after the ordinary urea is applied once. The figure shows that the controlled release urea and the common urea are matched according to the ratio of 7:3, so that the residue of nitrate nitrogen on the surface layer and the subsurface layer can be obviously reduced, and the pollution to soil and water body environment is reduced.
The cultivation method for the later-cropping no-tillage multiple-cropping early-maturing fresh-eating corn of the winter wheat provided by the embodiment is mainly based on the experimental data, the pollution of the residue of the common polyethylene mulching film to soil and the ecological environment can be reduced by using the full-biodegradable mulching film, the nitrogen fertilizer requirement of the second crop in the whole growth period can be met by slowly releasing the controlled-release urea nitrogen, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, the effect of nitrate nitrogen residue in the soil can be reduced, and a good condition is established for providing a light simplified cultivation technology for the later-cropping multiple-maturing early-maturing fresh-eating corn in the dry farming area of the eastern Gansu province, which has the advantages of water storage, soil moisture conservation, cost saving, efficiency improvement, environmental protection and light simplification.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4And 1 is soil; 2, covering the film with soil; 3, fresh corn; 4 is wheat stubble; 5 is controlled release urea; 6 is common urea; 7 is a full-biodegradable mulching film. A cultivation method for cultivating early-maturing fresh-eating corn in a no-tillage multi-cropping mode in later winter wheat includes the following steps: A. and (5) cultivating winter wheat in the first crop. The first winter wheat is planted in hole-sowing mode by adopting full-biodegradable mulching film covering soil, a layer of fine soft soil with the thickness of about 1-2cm is uniformly paved on the film surface after film covering, and then the winter wheat is directly sowed in hole-sowing mode by adopting a full-film covering soil hole-sowing machine or a hand-push wheel type hole-sowing device; before the first winter wheat is planted in the step A, rotary tillage is carried out for 20-25 cm, and high-quality thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is applied in a basal mode at one time at 60000-120000 kg/hm 2 Superphosphate (P) 2 O 5 ，16%）937.5～1125 kg/hm 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is controlled release urea (N, 45%, the release period is more than 90d, the initial release rate is less than 10%, and the other urea conforms to GB2440-2001 and HG/T4215-2011) and common urea (N, 46.0%) according to the proportion of 7:3, and the dosage is 120.0-150.0 kg/hm 2 286.4-358.0 kg/hm 2 The disposable base is applied into a soil layer of 0-20 cm. And B, in the step A, the rotary tillage depth is 20-25 cm, and the ground is flat and has no soil blocks or stubbles. The mulching film in the step A is a full-biodegradable mulching film, the width of the mulching film is 120cm, and the thickness of the mulching film is 0.01 mm. The full-film soil-covering hole sowing planting in the step A means that the ground is completely leveled before winter wheat is sowed, a layer of fine soft soil with the thickness of about 1-2cm is uniformly paved on the film after the full-biodegradable mulching film is used for full-ground covering, a full-film soil-covering hole sowing machine or a hand-push wheel type hole sowing machine is used for sowing, and sowing holes collect rain. The film covering and the soil covering on the film are completed at one time. The film covering time is determined according to the soil moisture content, the film can be covered in advance for timely sowing when the soil moisture content is good, and the film covering is performed for timely sowing when the soil moisture content is poor and the like due to rain storm. If the soil humidity is too high, turning and airing should be carried out for 1-2 d, then raking and leveling the soil and then mulching, and the blockage of the seeding holes during mulching and seeding due to too high humidity is avoided. After the mulching film is coated, people and livestock are prevented from trampling, so that the service life of the mulching film is prolonged, and the soil moisture preservation effect is improved. The film covering can adopt manual or mechanical film covering. 1. Manual film covering and soil covering: the mulching film is spread on the whole ground, no trench is dug and film pressing is carried out, the next film and the previous film are in close butt joint, and no gap or no overlapping is left between the films. The thickness of the soil covered on the film is about 1-2cm, namely the mulching film can not be seen basicallyFor the sake of convenience, the covering soil is too thick and is hardened when meeting rain, and the covering soil is too thin, so that seedling hole dislocation is easy to occur, and the rate of emergence is influenced. The soil for covering the film must be fine and soft soil, and soil blocks or soil lumps cannot be covered on the film, so that the sowing quality is not influenced. 2. Mechanical film covering and soil covering: the tractor-drawn film covering and soil covering integrated machine uses a small four-wheel tractor as traction power, integrates rotary tillage, pressing, film covering and soil covering, and has the advantages of high operation speed, uniform soil covering, flat film covering, pressing and soil moisture raising, flat and solid seedbed, labor intensity reduction, effective prevention of weathering damage of mulching films and dislocation of seedling holes and the like.
B. And (5) preparing for sowing the second crop. After being harvested, the winter wheat stubble is 2-3cm high, the mulching film is not removed, and the winter wheat straws are removed in time.
C. The second crop is no-tillage and replanting of precocious fresh corn. The wheat straws are removed before the second crop is used for no-tillage multiple planting of the early-maturing fresh-eating corn seeds, the mulching film is prevented from being scratched to the greatest extent, if the mulching film is damaged, the damaged part of the mulching film is sealed by fine soil in time, and soil moisture leakage is prevented. Directly and dibbling the early-maturing fresh corn in a hole without tillage, not removing the mulching film in the whole growing period until the second crop of fresh corn is harvested, and deeply digging into soil together with the degraded film and the stubbles. C, sowing the second crop of early-maturing fresh-eating corns in the middle ten days of 7 months, and directly sowing the corns on the surface of the soil covering film by adopting a hand-push wheel type hill planter, wherein the planting density is generally 4.5-5.25 ten thousand plants/hm 2 。
D. And after the second crop is subjected to no-tillage multiple planting, the early-maturing fresh-eating corn seedlings are planted, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time. The prevention and control of underground pests, armyworm, corn borer, large and small leaf spot and stem basal rot should follow the principle of 'prevention as main and comprehensive prevention and control', biological, agricultural and physical prevention and control are preferentially used, and when chemical prevention and control are used, the pesticide application conforms to the regulations of GB/T8321 and NY/T1276, wherein the underground pests in the seedling stage are prevented and controlled by root irrigation, and the overground pests and diseases are prevented and controlled by spraying high-efficiency and low-toxicity medicaments by using an artificial sprayer or an unmanned aerial vehicle.
E, second crop no-tillage multiple planting of precocious fresh corn, and timely harvesting. According to the change of local air temperature and market demand, the optimal harvesting period is scientifically determined, and the harvesting is generally carried out after the fresh corn is silked for about 35 days.
Provided is a concrete embodiment.
S1: selecting improved varieties.
The multiple fresh corn should be selected from high-quality and high-yield varieties with short growth period, thin skin, no residue, good taste, moderate sweetness and good viscosity, such as Demeiya No. 1, Demeiya No. 2, double-color crisp honey, gold jade, etc. Generally, coated seeds, uncoated seeds or seeds with poor disease and pest control of the coating agent are selected, and are coated with 2.5 percent of suspending seed coating agent according to 0.2 to 0.4 percent of the weight of the seeds before sowing.
S2: and (4) selecting seeds.
Mechanical grading and manual grain selection are carried out before sowing, after selection, the purity is more than 99%, the purity is 100%, the bud rate is more than 95%, the moisture content is less than 14%, and the grain types are uniform and consistent. In order to improve the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds, the seeds are dried for 2-3 days before sowing.
S3: and (5) breeding the early-maturing fresh corn in time-robing mode.
After the winter wheat is harvested mechanically, the field weed and residual branches are cleaned in time, the damaged part of the film surface is repaired immediately, fine soil is scattered to seal the film, and the early-maturing fresh-eating corn is replanted when the winter wheat is robbed by rain. The planting density is reasonably determined according to the soil fertility, the variety characteristics and the like. And (3) carrying out no-tillage hill planting by adopting a manual or hand-push wheel type hill planter, wherein 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole, and 1 seedling is reserved in each hole after seedling emergence.
S4: and (5) field management.
1) And (3) timely searching and guiding seedlings: timely checking and guiding seedlings after the corn seedlings emerge; when the seedlings meet rainfall after sowing, the soil covered by the sowing holes is broken to guide the seedlings, namely, the seedlings are crushed and hardened before the corn leaves break the soil, and the seedlings are guided out from the film holes.
2) Thinning and final singling in due time: and (5) timely final singling after the corn seedlings emerge. Setting seedlings at one time according to the planned density, and removing weak seedlings during 3-4 leaf periods; and (4) fixing seedlings at the 5-6 leaf stage, pulling weak and keeping strong, pulling small and keeping big, and keeping 1 healthy and strong seedling in each hole.
3) And (3) pest control: the principle of 'prevention is mainly carried out on pest control and comprehensive control' is mainly based on agricultural measures and is assisted by chemical control. Because of high nutrient content of fresh corn grains and plants, the damage of underground pests and pests such as corn borers, scarab beetles, aphids and the like is extremely easy to cause, the commodity quality and the market price of the fresh corn kernels and the plants are seriously influenced, and early prevention and early treatment are mainly needed. After pollination, biological pesticide is adopted for prevention and control, chemical pesticide is used as little as possible or not used, and highly toxic pesticide with long residual period is forbidden to be used. The corn borer and scarab can be controlled by filling the soil with the poison soil in the large horn mouth period by using 3% carbofuran granules and 90% dipterex crystal 1500-2000 times liquid or 25% carbaryl wettable powder 1500-times liquid and soil according to the proportion of 1: 50. Aphids are prevented and controlled by 1000-time liquid of 10% imidacloprid (such as powerful minister) wettable powder through spraying, or 50% pirimicarb wettable powder is prevented and controlled by 2000-3000-time liquid through spraying for 1 time every 10-15 days, and the prevention is carried out for 2 times in total. The corn big spot and small spot can be controlled by spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 800 times of 65% mancozeb wettable powder.
S5: timely harvesting.
The seeds should be harvested at proper time according to different needs and market demands so as to ensure the best quality and palatability and obtain the highest economic benefit. The kernel development and milk maturity stage (about 35d after pollination), namely the period when filaments turn black, is the optimal harvesting stage.
The effect of the present invention is compared with the effect of the traditional pre-sowing film covering technology by combining the examples.
The technology of the invention is demonstrated in Zhongxiang phoenix tree administrative village in Zhenyuan county of Gansu province in 2020 and 2021 years, and the demonstration area is 2hm 2 The method is divided into No. 1 and No. 2 plots, wherein the No. 1 plot is planted by adopting a full-biodegradable mulching film soil covering hole sowing technology, and the No. 2 plot is planted by adopting a traditional open field hole sowing of farmers. The soil layer of the demonstration field is deep, the terrain is flat, and the fertility is moderate. 80000 kg/hm of high-quality thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is applied to the first-crop winter wheat in the No. 1 and No. 2 plots once 2 Superphosphate (P) 2 O 5 ，16%）1125 kg/hm 2 The nitrogen fertilizer is 150.0 kg/hm of common urea 2 And controlled release urea 358.0kg/hm 2 And applying 0-20cm soil layer. Simultaneously, 12kg/hm of pesticide phoxim granules 2 Uniformly scattering the mixed soil on the ground surface, and then carrying out rotary tillage and rake grinding. A closed herbicide acetochlor is sprayed before the land preparation and film covering of No. 1 land, a full-biodegradable mulching film with the width of 120cm and the thickness of 0.01mm is adopted, and the operation is carried out by a mechanical film covering and soil covering integrated machine. No. 1 land of 2020, 9 and 20 days adopts a mulching film hill planter for hill planting winter wheat, No. 2The field adopts open field hill seeding winter wheat, the seeding amount is 187.5kg/hm 2 And (4) performing hole sowing with 8-10 seeds and 4-5cm of sowing depth. Indication variety: the Longzhu 110 strengthens the field management of winter wheat in each growth period, and can weed and control diseases and pests in time.
Mechanically leaving stubbles for 2-3cm in the model field No. 1 (the technology of the invention) and No. 2 plots for harvesting, removing winter wheat straws in time, paying attention to protecting mulching films, and sealing with fine soil in time if the mulching films are damaged. Sowing the second crop of fresh corn in 2021 year, 7 months and 8 days by using a hand-leg wheel type hill planter, wherein the No. 1 and No. 2 plots are both sown with fresh corn in 2 rows of hill planting mode, and the density is 4.5 ten thousand plants/hm 2 Sowing 2 seeds in each hole, wherein the sowing depth is 3-4cm, 1 seedling is reserved in each hole after seedling setting, and the variety Demeiya No. 1 is indicated. Strengthen field management after the seeding, mainly include: firstly, timely placing, thinning and final singling, wherein the principle is weak pulling and strong pulling, and small pulling and large pulling are reserved; secondly, pest and disease prevention and control: the corn borer and scarab can be controlled by filling the soil with the poison soil in the large horn mouth period by using 3% carbofuran granules and 90% dipterex crystal 1500-2000 times liquid or 25% carbaryl wettable powder 1500-times liquid and soil according to the proportion of 1: 50. Aphids and armyworms are prevented and treated by 1000-time liquid spraying of 10% imidacloprid (such as powerful minister) wettable powder, or 2000-3000-time liquid spraying of 50% pirimicarb wettable powder, and the pesticide is sprayed for 1 time every 10-15 days and for 2 times in total. The corn big spot and small spot can be prevented and controlled by spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid or 65% mancozeb wettable powder 800 times liquid. Field management is enhanced, and weeding is carried out in time after rain occurs; timely harvesting: the kernel is in the development and milk stage (about 35 days after pollination), namely when the filaments turn black, or timely harvested according to market quotations; fourthly, removing the waste film: after harvesting fresh corn, the full-biodegradable film together with the root stubble is deeply turned into soil, and the soil is rotary-tilled and pressed to accumulate water and nutrients for the succeeding crop.
The monitoring result shows that: the technology of the invention is that the fresh food ears 42780 ear/hm 2 Open field contrast spike harvest 33795 spikes/hm 2 The yield is increased by 26.6 percent, the ear shape of the fruit cluster is beautiful, the commodity performance is good, the selling price is 1.2 yuan/ear, the contrast fruit cluster is smaller, the commodity performance is poor, the selling price is 0.8 yuan/ear, and the pure income is increased by 24300 yuan/hm 2 . Compared with the local traditional fresh corn planting mode, the invention increases the yieldThe effect is remarkable, the one-time basal application of the controlled release urea can reduce nitrate nitrogen residue and labor cost, and the controlled release urea is labor-saving, time-saving and environment-friendly; meanwhile, the biodegradable film is covered with soil, so that the service life of the mulching film is prolonged, and the mulching film is deeply ploughed into the soil together with the root stubbles and the like, so that the effects of soil fertility improvement, green environmental protection, cost saving and efficiency improvement are achieved.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for cultivating early-maturing fresh-eating corn in a non-tillage multi-cropping mode in the afterreap of winter wheat in dry land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: cultivating winter wheat of the first crop; leveling the ground before sowing winter wheat, and performing basal application of high-quality thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate, common urea and controlled release urea in proportion at one time by combining rotary tillage before sowing; after full-ground covering with a full-biodegradable mulching film, uniformly paving a layer of fine cotton soil on the film, and then hole sowing winter wheat;
s2: preparing the second crop of no-tillage multiple-cropping precocious fresh-eating corns; removing the winter wheat straws after harvesting and leaving stubbles of winter wheat in the next year, protecting the mulching film, removing the mulching film and soil plowing before replanting the early-maturing fresh corn, and sowing when the film-leaving stubbles are robbed by rain;
s3: sowing second-crop early-maturing fresh-eating corns; directly bunch planting early-maturing fresh corn in the middle 7 th month when the corn is robbed by rain;
s4: preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time; after the early-maturing fresh-eating corn seedlings emerge, the diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time;
s5: harvesting in time; determining a proper harvesting period according to the temperature change, and improving the quality of the fresh corn;
s6: after the second crop of early-maturing fresh-eating corn is harvested, deeply ploughing the root stubble of the early-maturing fresh-eating corn and a full-biodegradable mulching film into soil, compacting, preserving soil moisture, and fertilizing to create water and nutrient conditions for planting other crops in the next year; meanwhile, the fully biodegradable mulching film cannot pollute the soil habitat after being turned into the soil.
2. The method for cultivating the non-tillage multi-cropping precocious fresh-eating corn of the afterreap of the dry land winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-quality decomposed farmyard manure 60000-120000 kg/hm in step S1 2 (ii) a 937.5-1125 kg/hm of calcium superphosphate 2 In which P is 2 O 5 The content is 16 percent; 120.0-150.0 kg/hm of common urea 2 286.4-358.0 kg/hm of controlled release urea 2 The controlled release urea and the common urea are mixed according to the proportion of 7:3, the N content in the common urea is 46.0 percent, the N content in the controlled release urea is 45 percent, the release period is more than 90 days, and the initial release rate is less than 10 percent; the soil layer depth of primary foundation application is 0-20 cm.
3. The cultivation method of the non-tillage after-cropping pre-mature fresh-eating corn of the dry land winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the thin and soft soil is uniformly spread on the film with a thickness of 1-2 cm.
4. The method for cultivating the non-tillage multi-cropping precocious fresh corn in the dry land after winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1, the rotary tillage is to use a high-horsepower tractor to complete a rotary tillage machine, the rotary tillage depth is 20-25 cm, and the ground is smooth and has no soil blocks and no root stubble.
5. The cultivation method of the non-tillage multi-cropping precocious fresh-eating corn of the afterreap of the dry land winter wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the full-biodegradable plastic film has a width of 120cm and a thickness of 0.01 mm.
6. The cultivation method for the replanting of the precocious fresh-eating corn without tillage after the winter wheat in the dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the wheat in the next winter is harvested with 3-5 cm of stubble.
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