CN110214650A - A kind of implantation methods of sustainable covering with ground sheeting spring maize - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of sustainable covering with ground sheeting spring maize, including site preparation, overlay film, sowing, fertilising, harvest and take off film, the present invention passes through in planting process, pass through the use of no-tillage technology, mulch is avoided to be mixed into the pollution of Zinc fractions residual film, by the continuous use for thickening high-strength weathering mulch, the sowing of film side bare area wide-and narrow-row, high-stubble harvests the damage for avoiding mulch, improve the recuperability energy of mulch, crop yield is improved by the heat preservation of continuous Moisture conservation and wide-and narrow-row cultivation of mulch, by reducing film material, farming, overlay film and the cost for taking off the links such as film, it improves spring maize and plants economic benefit.

Description

A planting method for sustainable mulching of spring corn

technical field

The invention relates to a planting method of spring corn, in particular to a planting method of sustainable mulching film covering spring corn, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting.

Background technique

Spring corn is widely planted in the northeast, northwest and northern parts of North China, as well as the hilly and mountainous areas of southwest China. Polyethylene plastic film mulching is an important yield-increasing technology in the production of spring corn in my country. The residual pollution of mulch film hinders the development of crop roots, affects soil water transport, and poses a threat to spring maize yield, which is unsustainable.

Although the use of degradable mulch instead of polyethylene mulch can effectively solve the problem of mulch residue, it is difficult to be applied on a large scale due to the high cost of degradable mulch and poor water retention and heat preservation effect.

Chinese patent application 201610925380.9 discloses a plastic film mulching cultivation method for spring corn, including variety selection and treatment, fine soil preparation and application of base fertilizer, timely and sufficient moisture sowing, and strengthening field management. The special features are: variety selection and treatment: The mid-to-late-maturing varieties with high yield potential, such as Danyu 86 and Nongda 108, are selected as the main planting varieties, and seed dressings are used to prevent underground pests and diseases.

Chinese patent application 201510883186.4 discloses a corn planting method, including the steps of variety selection, soil preparation and sowing, fertilizer and water management, mulching, and pest control.

Chinese patent application 201710081259.7 discloses a planting method for dryland spring corn with one film and two uses, including the steps of plowing, ridge raising, film mulching, and sowing. This method has certain defects. On the one hand, this method requires large and small ridges to be raised in the field, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive;

There are also planting methods for the repeated use of mulch film in the prior art, but these methods all have certain defects, such as time-consuming and laborious tillage, difficulty in topdressing, etc., and there is an objective demand for improvement in planting methods.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problems in the above prior art, the present invention provides a method for planting spring corn that can be covered with a sustainable plastic film, which solves the threat to crop growth and yield caused by the residual plastic film in the soil, improves the yield of spring corn, increases the planting benefit of spring corn, and is convenient for Cultivation, easy topdressing during the growing period of corn, etc.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

One aspect of the present invention relates to a planting method for sustainable mulching of spring corn, comprising the steps of:

(1) Seed selection: select spring corn seeds with full grains;

(2) Land preparation: apply organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer base fertilizer to the field, and then perform rotary tillage and raking on the land to prevent the existence of obvious clods and residues on the surface from scratching the plastic film;

(3) Film mulching: choose mulch film for covering, the width of the mulch film is 70-100 cm, the covering span is 60-90 cm, and 5 cm are left on the left and right to be buried in the soil for fixation, and the film spacing is 30-50 cm;

(4) Sowing: the sowing position is close to the film side, the sowing method is wide and narrow row sowing, the wide row spacing is basically the length of the mulch covering span, and the narrow row spacing is basically the film spacing width;

(5) Topdressing: in the bell mouth period, topdressing is carried out by the method of bare ground furrow application between the membranes;

(6) Harvesting: harvesting spring corn, adopting high stubble harvesting during harvesting to avoid damage to the film body during the harvesting process, and removing the harvested stalks from the farmland;

(7) In the spring of the second year, in the same plot, continue to plant spring corn according to the methods of the above steps (1), (4)-(6), omitting the steps of soil preparation and film mulching; wherein in the (4) sowing step, The sowing position is 8-10 cm in front of the first year's sowing point. After the sowing is completed, the inorganic fertilizer is applied by the method of furrowing in the bare ground between the films, and the dosage is the same as that of step (2);

(8) Step (7) is repeated until the mulch film is damaged and cannot continue to be planted after harvesting;

(9) Uncovering the film: After the film is damaged to the point that it cannot be planted, the film should be removed. During the film removal process, the residue of the film in the soil should be avoided.

In the method of the present invention, wherein, in the seed selection step (1), the spring corn seeds are preferably coated seeds.

In the method of the present invention, wherein, in the step of (2) soil preparation, the applied organic fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure, and its application amount is 1000-1500 kg/mu; the inorganic fertilizer is compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer Fertilizer, of which the nitrogen application rate is 10-12 kg/mu, the P ₂ O ₅ application rate is 6-8 kg/mu, and the K ₂ O application rate is 8-10 kg/mu.

In the method of the present invention, wherein, in (3) the film coating step, the mulch film selects a high-strength weather-resistant mulch film with a thickness of 14 microns to 30 microns to cover, the width of the mulch film is 90 cm, and the covering span is 80 cm , the film spacing is 40 cm, and the overall coverage is 66.7%.

In the method of the present invention, wherein, in the sowing step (4), the sowing position is close to the film side, the sowing method is wide and narrow row sowing, the wide row is 80 cm, the narrow row is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 25 cm, so as to achieve Prevent the damage to the mulch film by sowing, and build a good group photosynthetic structure.

In the method of the present invention, wherein, in (5) the top dressing step, the depth of ditch is 10-15 cm, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the total nitrogen application amount is 13-15 kg/mu.

In the method of the present invention, wherein, in the harvesting step (6), the height of the stubble is 10-15 cm, and during harvesting, it should walk bare between the membranes to avoid damage to the membranes during the harvesting process.

In the method of the present invention, wherein, in step (8), the number of repetitions is 0-2 times, preferably 1 time.

By adopting the no-tillage technology, the present invention avoids residual film contamination caused by mixing the residual film into the soil; by adopting a high-thickness plastic film and sowing in bare ground on the side of the film, the service life of the plastic film is improved, and the difficulty of recycling is reduced; Wide and narrow row cultivation improves crop yield; reduces cultivation input and improves overall economic benefits by reducing the cost of tillage, film removal, film laying and mulch film itself. By setting the ratio of open field and film mulching, it not only improves the emergence rate of crops and increases production, but also facilitates the secondary top dressing during the growing period of corn.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

Example 1

The experimental site is Shouyang County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, with a plot area of about 90 mu, where corn has been planted for a long time. Spring corn is grown as follows.

the first year:

1. Selection:

Spring corn seeds with plump grains were selected, and the variety was Qiangsheng 101, which was commercially available with pesticide coating.

2. Land preparation:

Apply organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer base fertilizer to the field. The organic fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure, and its application rate is 1200 kg/mu; the inorganic fertilizer is NPK compound fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen application rate is 10 kg/mu, P ₂ O ₅ The application rate was 8 kg/mu, and the K ₂ O application rate was 8 kg/mu. In order to then perform rotary tillage and raking of the land to prevent the existence of obvious clods and stubble on the surface from scratching the mulch.

3. Coating:

A high-strength weather-resistant mulch film with a thickness of 20 microns was selected for mulching. The width of the mulch film was 90 cm, the coverage span was 80 cm, and 5 cm on the left and right were buried in the soil for fixation. The film spacing was 40 cm, and the overall coverage rate was 66.7%.

Fourth, sowing:

The sowing position is close to the film side, and the sowing method is wide and narrow row sowing, with a wide row of 80 cm, a narrow row of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 25 cm to prevent damage to the mulch film and build a good group photosynthetic structure. After sowing, regular watering, weeding field management.

Five, top dressing:

During the bell mouth period, topdressing was carried out by ditching the bare ground between the membranes. The ditching depth was controlled at about 12 cm, and nitrogen fertilizer was applied, with a total nitrogen application rate of 15 kg/mu.

6. Harvest:

When harvesting, walk on the bare ground between the membranes, and use high stubble for harvesting. The stubble height is controlled to about 12 cm to avoid damage to the membrane during the harvesting process, and the straw after harvesting is removed from the farmland.

the second year:

Planting was carried out using the following method steps.

1. Selection:

Spring corn seeds with plump grains were selected, and the variety was Qiangsheng 101, which was commercially available with pesticide coating.

2. Sowing:

The sowing position is about 10 cm in front of the first year's sowing point, and the sowing method is still wide and narrow row sowing, the width of the wide and narrow row remains unchanged, and the plant spacing remains unchanged. After sowing, the NPK compound fertilizer was applied by the method of furrow application between films, wherein the nitrogen application rate was 10 kg/mu, the P ₂ O ₅ application rate was 8 kg/mu, and the K ₂ O application rate was 8 kg/mu; The depth of trenching is controlled to be about 12 cm, and the soil is backfilled after fertilization is completed. And regular watering, weeding field management.

3. Top dressing:

During the bell mouth period, topdressing was carried out by ditching the bare ground between the membranes. The ditching depth was controlled at about 12 cm, and nitrogen fertilizer was applied, with a total nitrogen application rate of 15 kg/mu.

4. Harvest:

When harvesting, walk on the bare ground between the membranes, and use high stubble for harvesting. The stubble height is controlled to about 12 cm to avoid damage to the membrane during the harvesting process, and the straw after harvesting is removed from the farmland.

Fifth, peel off the film:

After the harvest in the second year, the film removal process should be carried out, and the residual plastic film in the soil should be avoided during the film removal process.

By adopting the planting method of the present invention, the mulching film can be used for two consecutive years, reducing the workload of farming and reducing the cost. By using mulch film with high thickness and sowing in bare ground on the film side, the service life of mulch film can be increased and the difficulty of recycling can be reduced. The residual rate of mulch film can be less than 2%, the crop yield can be increased by about 15%, and the economic benefit of planting can be increased by more than 70%.

Example 2

The experimental site is Fumeng County, Fuxin City, Liaoning Province. The plot area is about 20 mu, and corn is grown for a long time. Spring corn is grown as follows.

the first year:

1. Selection:

Spring corn seeds with plump grains were selected, and the variety was Xianyu 335, which had been treated with pesticide coating.

2. Land preparation:

Apply organic fertilizer and inorganic base fertilizer to the field. The organic fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure, and the application rate is 1000 kg/mu; the inorganic fertilizer is NPK compound fertilizer, of which the nitrogen application rate is 11 kg/mu, P ₂ O ₅ The application rate was 6 kg/mu, and the K ₂ O application rate was 8 kg/mu. In order to then perform rotary tillage and raking of the land to prevent the existence of obvious clods and residues on the surface from scratching the mulch.

3. Coating:

A high-strength weather-resistant mulch film with a thickness of 18 microns was selected for mulching. The width of the mulch film was 90 cm, the coverage span was 80 cm, and 5 cm on the left and right were buried in the soil for fixation. The film spacing was 40 cm, and the overall coverage rate was 66.7%.

Fourth, sowing:

The sowing position is close to the film side, and the sowing method is wide and narrow row sowing, with a wide row of 80 cm, a narrow row of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 25 cm to prevent damage to the mulch film and build a good group photosynthetic structure. After sowing, regular watering, weeding field management.

Five, top dressing:

During the bell mouth period, topdressing was carried out by furrowing in bare ground between films. The depth of furrowing was controlled to be about 15 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied with a total nitrogen application rate of 13 kg/mu.

6. Harvest:

When harvesting, walk on the bare ground between the membranes, and use high stubble for harvesting. The stubble height is controlled to about 10 cm to avoid damage to the membrane during the harvesting process, and the straw after harvesting is removed from the farmland.

the second year:

Planting was carried out using the following method steps.

1. Selection:

Spring corn seeds with plump grains were selected, and the variety was Xianyu 335, which had been treated with pesticide coating.

2. Sowing:

The sowing position is about 10 cm in front of the first year's sowing point, and the sowing method is still wide and narrow row sowing, the width of the wide and narrow row remains unchanged, and the plant spacing remains unchanged. After sowing, the NPK compound fertilizer was applied by the method of furrow application between films, wherein the nitrogen application rate was 11 kg/mu, the P ₂ O ₅ application rate was 6 kg/mu, and the K ₂ O application rate was 8 kg/mu; The depth of ditching is controlled at about 15 cm, and the soil is backfilled after fertilization is completed. And regular watering, weeding field management.

3. Top dressing:

During the bell mouth period, topdressing was carried out by furrowing in bare ground between films. The depth of furrowing was controlled to be about 15 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied with a total nitrogen application rate of 13 kg/mu.

4. Harvest:

When harvesting, walk on the bare ground between the membranes, and use high stubble for harvesting. The stubble height is controlled to about 10 cm to avoid damage to the membrane during the harvesting process, and the straw after harvesting is removed from the farmland.

Fifth, peel off the film:

After the harvest in the second year, the film removal process should be carried out, and the residual plastic film in the soil should be avoided during the film removal process.

By adopting the planting method of the present invention, the mulching film can be used for two consecutive years, reducing the workload of farming and reducing the cost. By using mulch film with high thickness and sowing in bare ground on the film side, the service life of mulch film can be increased and the difficulty of recycling can be reduced. The residual rate of mulch film can be less than 2%, the crop yield can be increased by about 15%, and the economic benefit of planting can be increased by more than 70%.

Example 3

The experimental site is Pengyang County, Guyuan City, Ningxia Autonomous Region, with a plot area of about 15 mu, where corn is grown for a long time. Spring corn is grown as follows.

the first year:

1. Selection:

Spring corn seeds with plump grains were selected, and the variety was Zhengdan 958, which was commercially available with pesticide coating.

2. Land preparation:

Apply organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer base fertilizer to the field. The organic fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure, and its application rate is 1500 kg/mu; the inorganic fertilizer is NPK compound fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen application rate is 12 kg/mu, P ₂ O ₅ The application rate was 8 kg/mu, and the K ₂ O application rate was 10 kg/mu. In order to then perform rotary tillage and raking of the land to prevent the existence of obvious clods and stubble on the surface from scratching the mulch.

3. Coating:

A high-strength weather-resistant mulch film with a thickness of 22 microns was selected for mulching. The width of the mulch film was 90 cm, the covering span was 80 cm, and 5 cm on the left and right were buried in the soil for fixation. The film spacing was 40 cm, and the overall coverage rate was 66.7%.

Fourth, sowing:

The sowing position is close to the film side, and the sowing method is wide and narrow row sowing, with a wide row of 80 cm, a narrow row of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 25 cm to prevent damage to the mulch film and build a good group photosynthetic structure. After sowing, regular watering, weeding field management.

Five, top dressing:

During the bell mouth period, topdressing was carried out by ditching the bare ground between the membranes. The depth of the ditch was controlled at about 10 cm, and nitrogen fertilizer was applied, with a total nitrogen application rate of 14 kg/mu.

6. Harvest:

When harvesting, walk on bare ground between the membranes, and use high stubble for harvesting. The height of the stubble is controlled to be about 15 cm to avoid damage to the membrane body during the harvesting process, and the straw after harvesting is removed from the farmland.

the second year:

Planting was carried out using the following method steps.

1. Selection:

Spring corn seeds with plump grains were selected, and the variety was Zhengdan 958, which was commercially available with pesticide coating.

2. Sowing:

The sowing position is about 10 cm in front of the first year's sowing point, and the sowing method is still wide and narrow row sowing, the width of the wide and narrow row remains unchanged, and the plant spacing remains unchanged. After sowing, the NPK compound fertilizer was applied by the method of furrow application between films, wherein the nitrogen application rate was 12 kg/mu, the P ₂ O ₅ application rate was 8 kg/mu, and the K ₂ O application rate was 10 kg/mu; The depth of ditching is controlled at about 15 cm, and the soil is backfilled after fertilization is completed. And regular watering, weeding field management.

3. Top dressing:

During the bell mouth period, topdressing was carried out by ditching the bare ground between the membranes. The depth of the ditch was controlled at about 10 cm, and nitrogen fertilizer was applied, with a total nitrogen application rate of 14 kg/mu.

4. Harvest:

When harvesting, walk on bare ground between the membranes, and use high stubble for harvesting. The stubble height is controlled to about 15 cm to avoid damage to the membrane during the harvesting process, and the straw after harvesting is removed from the farmland.

The third year:

Use the same planting method as the second year.

In the third year, after the harvest is completed, the plastic film should be removed. During the process of removing the film, the residue of the plastic film in the soil should be avoided.

By adopting the planting method of the present invention, the mulching film can be used for two consecutive years, reducing the workload of farming and reducing the cost. By using mulch film with a higher thickness and sowing in bare ground on the film side, the service life of the mulch film can be improved and the difficulty of recycling can be reduced. The residual rate of the mulch film can be less than 2%, the crop yield can be increased by about 15%, and the economic benefit of planting can be increased by more than 75%.

The present invention has been described by using the above-mentioned specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. Those skilled in the art can understand that the technical solutions obtained by the equivalent or equivalent transformation of the above-mentioned solutions are all within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. a planting method of sustainable mulching film covering spring corn, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: (1) Seed selection: select spring corn seeds with full grains; (2) Land preparation: apply organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer base fertilizer to the field, and then perform rotary tillage and raking on the land to prevent the existence of obvious clods and residues on the surface from scratching the plastic film; (3) Film mulching: choose mulch film for covering, the width of the mulch film is 70-100 cm, the covering span is 60-90 cm, and 5 cm are left on the left and right to be buried in the soil for fixation, and the film spacing is 30-50 cm; (4) Sowing: the sowing position is close to the film side, the sowing method is wide and narrow row sowing, the wide row spacing is basically the mulching span length, and the narrow row spacing is basically the film spacing width; (5) Topdressing: in the bell mouth period, topdressing is carried out by the method of bare ground furrow application between the membranes; (6) Harvesting: harvesting spring corn, adopting high stubble harvesting during harvesting to avoid damage to the film body during the harvesting process, and the straw after harvesting is removed from the farmland; (7) In the spring of the second year, in the same plot, continue to plant spring corn according to the methods of the above steps (1), (4)-(6), omitting the steps of soil preparation and film mulching; wherein in the (4) sowing step, The sowing position is 8-10 cm in front of the sowing point of the previous year. After the sowing is completed, the inorganic fertilizer is applied by the method of furrowing in the bare ground between the films, and the dosage is the same as that of step (2); (8) Step (7) is repeated until the mulch film is damaged and cannot continue to be planted after harvesting; (9) Uncovering the film: After the film is damaged to the point that it cannot be planted, the film should be removed. During the film removal process, the residue of the film in the soil should be avoided. 2. planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in (1) seed selection step, described spring corn seed is preferably the seed through coating. 3. planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in (2) soil preparation step, the applied organic fertilizer is through decomposed farmyard manure, and its application rate is 1000-1500 kilograms/mu; Inorganic fertilizer is Compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer, wherein the application rate of nitrogen is 10-12 kg/mu, the application rate of P ₂ O ₅ is 6-8 kg/mu, and the application rate of K ₂ O is 8-10 kg/mu. 4. planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in (3) coating step, described mulch film selects the high-strength weather-resistant mulch film with thickness of 14 microns-30 microns to cover, and mulch film width is 90 centimeters, The coverage span is 80 cm, the membrane spacing is 40 cm, and the overall coverage is 66.7%. 5. planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in (4) sowing step, sowing position is close to film side, and sowing method is wide and narrow row sowing, wide row 80 centimeters, narrow row 40 centimeters, and the plant spacing is 25 cm in order to prevent damage to the mulch film and build a good group photosynthetic structure. 6. planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in (5) topdressing step, ditching depth is 10-15 centimeters, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and total nitrogen application amount is 13-15 kg/mu. 7. planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in (6) harvesting step, stubble height is 10-15 centimeters, should walk bare ground between membranes during harvesting, avoid the damage of membrane body caused by harvesting process . 8 . The planting method according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (8), the number of repetitions is 0-2 times. 9 .