CN108142226A - Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method - Google Patents
Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108142226A CN108142226A CN201711111921.5A CN201711111921A CN108142226A CN 108142226 A CN108142226 A CN 108142226A CN 201711111921 A CN201711111921 A CN 201711111921A CN 108142226 A CN108142226 A CN 108142226A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural methods, the present invention develops a kind of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize plantation spacing and drip irrigation zone arrangement, establish a set of water-fertilizer integral embodiment for Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System water-saving fertilizer-saving, coordinate different Agricultural Water Saving methods, trickle irrigation platform automatic control system, precise positioning tractor and all-in-one multifunctional machine, form and a set of be suitable for winter wheat field of North China Plain/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultivation technique.Liquid manure utilization ratio is improved, reduces irrigation cost, achievees the effect that increase production and improve productivity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, are related to a kind of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultivation
Method especially provides a kind of low cost, low stain, high benefit, dynamical for winter wheat field of North China Plain/Summer Maize Rotation area
Cultural method.
Background technology
Winter Wheat/Summer Maize two crops a year crop rotation planting system is the main food planting patterns of North China Huang-Huai-Hai,
However, as Water Resource In North China anxiety, groundwater mining situation is serious, and agricultural is as the master in phreatic water overmining region
Want underground water user, water shortage in Crop growing stage and yield is caused to decline, seriously affected the grain security in China.With population
Increase, Cultivated Land Area Decrease, Development of China's Urbanization is accelerated, and the factors such as water and soil resources and climate change restrict the lasting increasing of grain
Production, original rotation cropping system cannot be guaranteed the per unit area yield of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize, how to efficiently use high-efficiency water-saving technology and conjunction
Fertilization mode is managed to realize that the steady growth of yield becomes our urgent problems.
Crop-planting cultivation technique mode directly influences the water and fertilizer management in field, unreasonable traditional planting technology
(such as broad irrigation, fertilizer " one bombards ") is also fairly common in North China Plain area, not only causes soil physical and chemical property evil
Change, reduce fertility, and water use efficiency and utilization rate of fertilizer reduce.Drip irrigation technique is because of its essence amount, controllable
Feature, it is considered to be one of current most widely used efficient water-saving irrigation technology.The price of trickle irrigation Zeng Yinqi higher is only used for
In the industrial crops of high added value, with the extensive use of disposable thin wall drip irrigation zone, gradually it is applied to wheat, corn etc.
On field crop.As what Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science Liu Hui great waves et al. were invented " drips for the corn water-fertilizer integral of semiarid region
Fill fertilizing method " (publication number：106818163 A of CN), using drip irrigation system, according to each rank of semiarid corn growth
Section promptly and accurately supplies moisture, the nutrient needed for corn, realizes liquid manure coordinated management and height to the demand rule of moisture, nutrient
Effect utilizes.But long-term cropping is only limitted to corn, can not meet the two batches of plantations of winter wheat field of North China Plain/Summer Maize Rotation System
With the fine combination of drip irrigation technique, i.e. influence of the matching, farming of Planting Row Distance and hollow billet spacing to hollow billet, increasing trickle irrigation makes
Artificial input, increases production cost in.As Shihezi Univ Liu found the state et al. invention " a kind of wheat stubble drip irrigation zone is sharp again
With double drop cultural methods of replay crop " (publication number：CN104663223A), it is described in detail and utilizes drip irrigation technique harvesting wheat
The processing mode of multiple cropping afterwards realizes the secondary use of drip irrigation zone, cultivates preceding succession crop " double drops ", reduces production cost,
Raise the multiple-cropping index and liquid manure resource utilization, but for the applicability of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System, at the same the technology with
Agricultural machinery, the suitability of agronomy and water and fertilizer management method are all indefinite, greatly affected drip irrigation economize, the hair for saving the benefits such as fertilizer
It waves.
In conclusion carry out steadily in North China under water pressure adopts dynamic measure, agricultural water space will can be by
To further compressing, the present invention proposes a set of drop for being suitable for promoting in crop field based on trickle irrigation platform and originally carries effect cropping pattern, ties
It closes agricultural machinery agronomy and forms a kind of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method.
Invention content
For defect in the prior art, the present invention develops a kind of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize plantation spacing and trickle irrigation
Band arrangement, establishes a set of water-fertilizer integral embodiment for Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System water-saving fertilizer-saving, matches
Different Agricultural Water Saving methods, trickle irrigation platform automatic control system, precise positioning tractor and all-in-one multifunctional machine are closed, forms one
Set is suitable for winter wheat field of North China Plain/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultivation technique.
It is of the invention that the plantation of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation green drip irrigation economize cultural method is mainly carried out using trickle irrigation, it can be with
Effectively solve the problems, such as the following：
(1) by rational Planting Row Distance and field drip irrigation pipe arrangement mode, ensure Winter Wheat/Summer Maize continuity kind
It plants, after winter wheat harvests, planting soil is not required to carry out farming again, it is not required that field pipeline is rearranged
Summer corn is directly sowed, forms new cultivation mode.
(2) long hollow billet trickle irrigation is used, coordinates different Agricultural Water Saving measures, is proposed for Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation trickle irrigation
Water-fertilizer integral scheme improves liquid manure utilization ratio, reduces irrigation cost, achievees the effect that increase production and improve productivity.
(3) location technology based on Beidou navigation is utilized, tractor is reconstructed, it is made to have positioning and automatic Pilot work(
Energy.After tractor hang winter wheat sowing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-earthing all-in-one machine, with reference to (1) in proposition Planting Row Distance,
Realization winter wheat is precisely sowed, applies fertilizer, pipe laying；During second batch of summer corn sowing, using Beidou navigation location technology, according to trickle irrigation
Band position, it is accurate to sow.Whole process realizes merging for trickle irrigation and agricultural machinery technology, reduce regrowth hair re-lay drip irrigation zone into
This and labour, drop originally put forward effect, realize Winter Wheat/Summer Maize precision, intensive cultivation.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：
A kind of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method, includes the following steps：
(1) the wide-narrow row planting pattern of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System and drip irrigation zone arrangement：
Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation plants size：Summer corn use wide-narrow row planting pattern, narrow row 30cm, wide row 70cm,
One drip irrigation zone fills two row summer corns, and adjacent drip irrigation zone spacing is 100cm；Winter wheat uses wide-narrow row planting pattern, six row winters
Spacing between wheat is followed successively by 12.5cm, 12.5cm, 20cm, 12.5cm, 12.5cm, the spacing between two adjacent groups winter wheat
For 30cm, a drip irrigation zone fills six row winter wheat, and adjacent drip irrigation zone spacing is 100cm；
(2) Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System is precisely sowed：
Using being hung on tractor after winter wheat sowing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-earthing all-in-one machine, winter wheat is completed
Sowing, organic fertilizer, trench digging, pipe laying and earthing operation；After winter wheat harvests, suspension after tractor is changed to summer corn essence amount
Sowing/fertilizer applicator realizes the accurate sowing of summer corn according to the cropping pattern of summer corn in step (1)；
(3) trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral operation is carried out to Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System.
On the basis of said program, drip irrigation zone described in step (1) select caliber for 16mm, pipe wall thickness 0.2mm,
Douche spacing is 0.3m, and douche flow is the drip irrigation zone of 0.8~1.2L/h；The drip irrigation zone arrangement length for 60~
100m, drip irrigation zone shallow embedding is in soil 3~5cm depths.
On the basis of said program, do not need to do drip irrigation zone any processing after winter wheat has been sowed, you can will drip
Fill the irrigation that band directly applies to next batch of summer corn.
On the basis of said program, all-in-one machine is improved system by wheat seeder as needed described in step (2)
, the sown scope of the all-in-one machine is 3.6m, sows 24 row winter wheat, while be laid with 6 drip irrigation zones, it is small to meet the winter in step (1)
The plantation spacing of wheat 12.5+12.5+20+12.5+12.5cm；The sown scope of the maize fine sowing/fertilizer applicator is 3.6m.
On the basis of said program, described in step (2) on tractor be equipped with hydraulic steering system, control system,
Face base station, vehicle mobile receiving device and Big Dipper Position Fixing Navigation System；Control system solenoid valve in order to control, it is dilatory to be used to implement
Machine automatic orientation travels.
On the basis of said program, in the entire Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System, using conservation tillage mould
Formula every two years carries out a soil deep ploughing.
On the basis of said program, the winter wheat can be broadcast in suitably evening, the sowing time in 6~October 10 October,
The late sowing underproduction is retrieved by increasing application rate；Summer corn appropriate evening receives, and harvest time is tight after harvest in September 30~October 5
Then site preparation sows winter wheat.
On the basis of said program, winter wheat seeding stage trickle irrigation wetted front depth is maintained at 15~25cm, other fertilities
Phase trickle irrigation wetted front is maintained at 40~60cm.
On the basis of said program, the trickle irrigation scheme in step (3) in the operation of trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral is as follows：
To ensure emergence rate, seeding stage trickle irrigation 1 time after winter wheat sowing, irrigating water quota is 30~35m3/ mu；Tillering stage drips
It fills 1 time, irrigating water quota is 10~15m3/ mu；Period of seedling establishment Water Consumption of Winter Wheat amount accounts for the 10% of total water consumption, and water of turning green need to fill in time
It irrigates, trickle irrigation 1 time, irrigating water quota is 30~35m3/ mu；Jointing stage water consumption accounts for the 25% of total water consumption, this period North China
Area's rainfall is few, therefore supplemental irrigation amount is sufficient, trickle irrigation 2~3 times, and each irrigating water quota is 25~30m3/ mu；Boot stage water consumption
The 10% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 1~2 time are accounted for, each irrigating water quota is 20~25m3/ mu；Grouting parameter water consumption accounts for total consumption
The 40% of water has part rainfall supplement at this time, and trickle irrigation 2 times, each irrigating water quota is 25~30m3/ mu；
Summer corn seeding stage water consumption accounts for the 15% of total water consumption, after planting seeding stage trickle irrigation 1 time, irrigating water quota for 10~
15m3/ mu, to ensure emergence rate；Jointing stage water consumption accounts for the 25% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 2~3 times, and each irrigating water quota is 10
~15m3/ mu；It takes out male pustulation period water consumption and accounts for the 50% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 4~5 times, each irrigating water quota is 10~15m3/
Mu；Maturity period water consumption accounts for the 10% of total water consumption, and rainfall meets, and does not need to supplement irrigation.
On the basis of said program, the fertilizer applications in step (3) in the operation of trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral are as follows：
Organic fertilizer 200kg/ mus before winter wheat sowing, two annual rings are applied once；Apply fertilizer to the subsoil (composite fertilizer N- during winter wheat sowing
P-K：15-15-15) 40kg/ mus, implement top dressing processing after winter wheat period of seedling establishment, when implementing top dressing processing every time, with water droplet
It applies, ensures that half an hour terminates to apply fertilizer before cutting off the water, fertilizer application frequency is identical with each irrigation in growing period number, and sowing amount is according to total fertilization amount
It is averaged in every time；Period of seedling establishment drop applies total amount：0.6~1.0kg/ mus of urea, 0.3~0.6kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), biphosphate
0.2~0.4kg/ mus of potassium；Jointing stage drop applies total amount：8~10kg/ mus of urea, 2.0~3.0kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), biphosphate
2.0~2.5kg/ mus of potassium；Boot stage drop applies total amount：8.0~10kg/ mus of urea, 10~12kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), biphosphate
4.0~5.0kg/ mus of potassium；Grouting parameter drop applies total amount：8~10kg/ mus of urea, 1.0~1.5kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；
Base fertilizer (composite fertilizer N-P-K is applied when summer corn is sowed：15-15-15) 20kg/ mus, summer corn top dressing is mainly pulled out
It section phase and pumping hero pustulation period, when implementing top dressing processing every time, is applied with water droplet, ensures that half an hour terminates to apply fertilizer before cutting off the water, apply fertilizer secondary
Number is identical with each irrigation in growing period number, and sowing amount is according to total fertilization amount averagely in each；Jointing stage drop applies total amount：Urea 20
~25kg/ mus, 15~18kg/ mus of potassium sulfate；It takes out male pustulation period drop and applies total amount：12~15kg/ mus of urea, 6~8kg/ of potassium sulfate
Mu.
Advantages of the present invention
(1) method proposes realize water-saving increasing by drip irrigation under winter wheat field of North China Plain/Summer Maize Rotation System
The green cultural method of production.On the basis of trickle irrigation, change original equidistant planting patterns, under wide-narrow row planting spacing, both
Reduce irrigation quantity, decrease the laying amount of drip irrigation zone, reach water-saving drop originally；Integrate agricultural machinery, agronomy reduces artificial throwing
Enter, also improve working efficiency；Change original broad irrigation and one and bombard fertilization mode, by small water frequent irrigation with it is a small amount of more
Secondary fertilizing type improves the uniformity poured water and the validity of fertilising, so as to improve the profit of efficiency of water application and fertilizer
With rate.
(2) this method uses winter wheat sowing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-earthing all-in-one machine and maize fine sowing/fertilising
Machine combination Beidou navigation location technology improves the Mechanization Level of plantation, solves artificial under China's intensive agriculture development
The problems such as under cost increase, low production efficiency, realizes Winter Wheat/Summer Maize precision sowing.
(3) trickle irrigation automatic technology can be used in this method, according to the irrigation fertilization scheme set, in strict accordance with the side of pouring water
Case is implemented, and labor productivity is improved within entire breeding time, ensures uniformity of irrigation water appilcation, realize water-fertilizer integral, water utilization
Rate and the utilization rate of fertilizer significantly improve.
Description of the drawings
The present invention has drawings described below：
Fig. 1 plants spacing figure for Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation.
Fig. 2 is winter wheat test area Rainfall distribution figure in 2015 in embodiment.
Fig. 3 is summer corn trial zone Rainfall distribution figure in 2015 in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing 1-3.
As shown in Figs. 1-3, Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method of the present invention, packet
Include following steps：
(1) the wide-narrow row planting pattern of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System and drip irrigation zone arrangement：
Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation plants size：Summer corn use wide-narrow row planting pattern, narrow row 30cm, wide row 70cm,
One drip irrigation zone fills two row summer corns, and adjacent drip irrigation zone spacing is 100cm；Winter wheat uses wide-narrow row planting pattern, six row winters
Spacing between wheat is followed successively by 12.5cm, 12.5cm, 20cm, 12.5cm, 12.5cm, the spacing between two adjacent groups winter wheat
For 30cm, a drip irrigation zone fills six row winter wheat, and adjacent drip irrigation zone spacing is 100cm；
(2) Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System is precisely sowed：
Using being hung on tractor after winter wheat sowing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-earthing all-in-one machine, winter wheat is completed
Sowing, organic fertilizer, trench digging, pipe laying and earthing operation；After winter wheat harvests, suspension after tractor is changed to summer corn essence amount
Sowing/fertilizer applicator realizes the accurate sowing of summer corn according to the cropping pattern of summer corn in step (1)；
(3) trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral operation is carried out to Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System.
On the basis of said program, drip irrigation zone described in step (1) select caliber for 16mm, pipe wall thickness 0.2mm,
Douche spacing is 0.3m, and douche flow is the drip irrigation zone of 0.8~1.2L/h；The drip irrigation zone arrangement length for 60~
100m, drip irrigation zone shallow embedding is in soil 3~5cm depths.
On the basis of said program, do not need to do drip irrigation zone any processing after winter wheat has been sowed, you can will drip
Fill the irrigation that band directly applies to next batch of summer corn.
On the basis of said program, all-in-one machine is improved system by wheat seeder as needed described in step (2)
, the sown scope of the all-in-one machine is 3.6m, sows 24 row winter wheat, while be laid with 6 drip irrigation zones, it is small to meet the winter in step (1)
The plantation spacing of wheat 12.5+12.5+20+12.5+12.5cm；The sown scope of the maize fine sowing/fertilizer applicator is 3.6m.
On the basis of said program, described in step (2) on tractor be equipped with hydraulic steering system, control system,
Face base station, vehicle mobile receiving device and Big Dipper Position Fixing Navigation System；Control system solenoid valve in order to control, it is dilatory to be used to implement
Machine automatic orientation travels.
On the basis of said program, in the entire Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System, using conservation tillage mould
Formula every two years carries out a soil deep ploughing.
On the basis of said program, the winter wheat can be broadcast in suitably evening, the sowing time in 6~October 10 October,
The late sowing underproduction is retrieved by increasing application rate；Summer corn appropriate evening receives, and harvest time is tight after harvest in September 30~October 5
Then site preparation sows winter wheat.
On the basis of said program, winter wheat seeding stage trickle irrigation wetted front depth is maintained at 15~25cm, other fertilities
Phase trickle irrigation wetted front is maintained at 40~60cm.
On the basis of said program, the trickle irrigation scheme in step (3) in the operation of trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral is as follows：
To ensure emergence rate, seeding stage trickle irrigation 1 time after winter wheat sowing, irrigating water quota is 30~35m3/ mu；Tillering stage drips
It fills 1 time, irrigating water quota is 10~15m3/ mu；Period of seedling establishment Water Consumption of Winter Wheat amount accounts for the 10% of total water consumption, and water of turning green need to fill in time
It irrigates, trickle irrigation 1 time, irrigating water quota is 30~35m3/ mu；Jointing stage water consumption accounts for the 25% of total water consumption, this period North China
Area's rainfall is few, therefore supplemental irrigation amount is sufficient, trickle irrigation 2~3 times, and each irrigating water quota is 25~30m3/ mu；Boot stage water consumption
The 10% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 1~2 time are accounted for, each irrigating water quota is 20~25m3/ mu；Grouting parameter water consumption accounts for total consumption
The 40% of water has part rainfall supplement at this time, and trickle irrigation 2 times, each irrigating water quota is 25~30m3/ mu；
Summer corn seeding stage water consumption accounts for the 15% of total water consumption, after planting seeding stage trickle irrigation 1 time, irrigating water quota for 10~
15m3/ mu, to ensure emergence rate；Jointing stage water consumption accounts for the 25% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 2~3 times, and each irrigating water quota is 10
~15m3/ mu；It takes out male pustulation period water consumption and accounts for the 50% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 4~5 times, each irrigating water quota is 10~15m3/
Mu；Maturity period water consumption accounts for the 10% of total water consumption, and rainfall meets, and does not need to supplement irrigation.
On the basis of said program, the fertilizer applications in step (3) in the operation of trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral are as follows：
Organic fertilizer 200kg/ mus before winter wheat sowing, two annual rings are applied once；Apply fertilizer to the subsoil (composite fertilizer N- during winter wheat sowing
P-K：15-15-15) 40kg/ mus, implement top dressing processing after winter wheat period of seedling establishment, when implementing top dressing processing every time, with water droplet
It applies, ensures that half an hour terminates to apply fertilizer before cutting off the water, fertilizer application frequency is identical with each irrigation in growing period number, and sowing amount is according to total fertilization amount
It is averaged in every time；Period of seedling establishment drop applies total amount：0.6~1.0kg/ mus of urea, 0.3~0.6kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), biphosphate
0.2~0.4kg/ mus of potassium；Jointing stage drop applies total amount：8~10kg/ mus of urea, 2.0~3.0kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), biphosphate
2.0~2.5kg/ mus of potassium；Boot stage drop applies total amount：8.0~10kg/ mus of urea, 10~12kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), biphosphate
4.0~5.0kg/ mus of potassium；Grouting parameter drop applies total amount：8~10kg/ mus of urea, 1.0~1.5kg/ mus of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；
Base fertilizer (composite fertilizer N-P-K is applied when summer corn is sowed：15-15-15) 20kg/ mus, summer corn top dressing is mainly pulled out
It section phase and pumping hero pustulation period, when implementing top dressing processing every time, is applied with water droplet, ensures that half an hour terminates to apply fertilizer before cutting off the water, apply fertilizer secondary
Number is identical with each irrigation in growing period number, and sowing amount is according to total fertilization amount averagely in each；Jointing stage drop applies total amount：Urea 20
~25kg/ mus, 15~18kg/ mus of potassium sulfate；It takes out male pustulation period drop and applies total amount：12~15kg/ mus of urea, 6~8kg/ of potassium sulfate
Mu.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment：
Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation green drip irrigation economize experiment in cultivation is in 2015 in China Agricultural University Beijing Tongzhou reality
It tests in station (39 ° of 42' of north latitude, 116 ° of 41' of east longitude) and carries out.Trial zone soil is clay loam, and particle composition, unit weight, field are held
Water rate is shown in Table 1.The basic physicochemical character of topsoil soils is shown in Table 2 before field planting.
Table 1 tests soil physical property
Table 2 is for examination topsoil soils basis physicochemical character
Automatic weather station (HOBO, U30), the meteorological condition during being tested with continuous observation are experimental field installed.2015
Year winter wheat test area precipitation is 78.59mm (see Fig. 2), and rainfall is few, needs to irrigate moisturizing；During summer corn is tested, examination
Area's precipitation is tested as 284.92mm (see Fig. 3), rainfall is more sufficient, and supplement irrigation is carried out in critical period breeding time.
Experimental design drip irrigation and spray irrigation are compared with border irrigation (winter wheat)+furrow irrigation (summer corn).
Prepare before experiment, tractor be improved optimization, be equipped with hydraulic steering system, control system (control solenoid valve,
Realize tractor automatic orientation traveling；Ground base station, vehicle mobile receiving device), soil is first subjected to deep ploughing one time, applying biology has
200kg/ mus of machine fertilizer, two annual rings are applied once.Then it replaces rotary harrow to revolve in soil one time, as possible by ground levelling.After hang more
It is changed to winter wheat sowing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-earthing all-in-one machine and carries out seeding and fertilizing, all-in-one machine plantation spacing setting is followed successively by
12.5cm, 12.5cm, 20cm, 12.5cm, 12.5cm, the spacing between two adjacent groups winter wheat are 30cm, and tractor is by north
Struggle against navigator fix technology, is set as automatic Pilot, turns after 60 meters of walking every time, carries out next group of sowing.Drip irrigation zone selects
Flow is the small flow chip drip irrigation zone of 1.0L/h.Entire irrigation in growing period number is shown in Table 3 with irrigation quantity.
The irrigation norm of 3 three kinds of irrigation methods of winter wheat of table
Using the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, each breeding time topdressing amount of trickle irrigation is shown in Table 4.Border irrigation is higher than drip irrigation fertilizer usage amount
30%, it sprays higher than drip irrigation fertilizer usage amount by 20%.
4 winter wheat trickle irrigation topdressing amount of table
Winter wheat reaches the flavescence of wax ripeness latter stage wheat complete stool, and stalk is still flexible, and seed yellow is slightly hard, water content 20%-
25%.Dry matter accumulation peaks in wheat seed, is in the milk and stops completely, physiologically also full maturity, this phase are exactly wax ripeness
Latter stage, yield highest, quality are best.It is gathered in using combined wheat harvester.
Drip irrigation zone does not have to carry out any processing before and after harvesting, is continuing on next batch of summer corn.After winter wheat harvesting
Stalk crush after directly stay in wheat field, soil without after any processing directly using with the tractor that Beidou navigation positions into
The seeding and fertilizing of row summer corn, at this time tractor can navigate to the position of drip irrigation zone, according to the width line space of summer corn
Carry out operation.
Frequency of irrigation and quota are shown in Table 5 in summer corn breeding time.
The irrigation norm of 5 three kinds of irrigation methods of summer corn of table
Using the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, each breeding time topdressing amount of trickle irrigation is shown in Table 6.Border irrigation is higher than drip irrigation fertilizer usage amount
30%, it sprays higher than drip irrigation fertilizer usage amount by 20%.
6 summer corn trickle irrigation topdressing amount of table
Summer corn reaches physiological maturity in full ripe stage seed, and volume is maximum, dry weight highest.On the other hand, can be suitably
The collecting time of summer corn is postponed, achievees the purpose that volume increase.It is harvested during harvest using corn picker.
Result of the test：In trickle irrigation compared with spray irrigation economize 29.6%, water-saving compared with border irrigation+furrow irrigation 38.9%；Compared with sprinkling irrigation section fertilizer
20.0%, under conditions of border irrigation+furrow irrigation section fertilizer 30.0%, 602kg/ mus of trickle irrigation winter wheat yields, 548kg/ mus of yield of spraying,
453kg/ mus of border irrigation yield.Trickle irrigation winter wheat, which is relatively sprayed, increases production 9.8%, compared with border irrigation volume increase 32.8%；Trickle irrigation yield of Summer Corn is
652kg/ mus, sprinkling irrigation yield of Summer Corn is 613kg/ mus；Summer maize under furrow irrigation condition yield is 591kg/ mus.Trickle irrigation summer corn is relatively sprayed increasing
Production 6.3%, relatively furrow irrigation volume increase 10.3%.
The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (10)
1. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
(1) the wide-narrow row planting pattern of Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System and drip irrigation zone arrangement：
Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation plants size：Summer corn uses wide-narrow row planting pattern, narrow row 30cm, wide row 70cm, one
Drip irrigation zone fills two row summer corns, and adjacent drip irrigation zone spacing is 100cm；Winter wheat uses wide-narrow row planting pattern, six row winter wheat
Between spacing be followed successively by 12.5cm, 12.5cm, 20cm, 12.5cm, 12.5cm, the spacing between two adjacent groups winter wheat is
30cm, a drip irrigation zone fill six row winter wheat, and adjacent drip irrigation zone spacing is 100cm；
(2) Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System is precisely sowed：
Using being hung on tractor after winter wheat sowing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-earthing all-in-one machine, broadcasting for winter wheat is completed
Kind, organic fertilizer, trench digging, pipe laying and earthing operation；After winter wheat harvests, suspension after tractor is changed to summer corn essence amount and is broadcast
Kind/fertilizer applicator realizes the accurate sowing of summer corn according to the cropping pattern of summer corn in step (1)；
(3) trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral operation is carried out to Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System.
2. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
It for 16mm, pipe wall thickness 0.2mm, douche spacing is 0.3m that drip irrigation zone described in step (1), which selects caliber, douche flow
Drip irrigation zone for 0.8~1.2L/h；The drip irrigation zone arrangement length is 60~100m, and drip irrigation zone shallow embedding is in soil 3~5cm depth
Place.
3. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
All-in-one machine described in step (2) is improved obtained by wheat seeder as needed, and the sown scope of the all-in-one machine is 3.6m, is broadcast
24 row winter wheat of kind, while 6 drip irrigation zones are laid with, meet winter wheat 12.5+12.5+20+12.5+12.5cm in step (1)
Plant spacing；The sown scope of the maize fine sowing/fertilizer applicator is 3.6m.
4. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Hydraulic steering system, control system, ground base station, vehicle mobile receiving device and the Big Dipper are equipped with described in step (2) on tractor
Position Fixing Navigation System；Control system solenoid valve in order to control is used to implement tractor automatic orientation traveling.
5. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
It does not need to do drip irrigation zone any processing after winter wheat has been sowed, you can drip irrigation zone is directly applied to next batch of summer corn
It irrigates.
6. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
In the entire Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System, using conservation tillage pattern, a soil deep ploughing is every two years carried out.
7. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The winter wheat can be broadcast in suitably evening, and the sowing time, in 6~October 10 October, the late sowing underproduction was retrieved by increasing application rate；
Summer corn appropriate evening receives, and for harvest time in September 30~October 5, and then site preparation after harvest sows winter wheat.
8. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The winter wheat seeding stage, trickle irrigation wetted front depth was maintained at 15~25cm in step (3), other breeding time trickle irrigation wetted fronts are maintained at
40~60cm.
9. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that：
Trickle irrigation scheme in step (3) in the operation of trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral is as follows：
To ensure emergence rate, seeding stage trickle irrigation 1 time after winter wheat sowing, irrigating water quota is 30~35m3/ mu；Tillering stage trickle irrigation 1
Secondary, irrigating water quota is 10~15m3/ mu；Period of seedling establishment Water Consumption of Winter Wheat amount accounts for the 10% of total water consumption, and water of turning green need to irrigate in time,
Trickle irrigation 1 time, irrigating water quota are 30~35m3/ mu；Jointing stage water consumption accounts for the 25% of total water consumption, this period supplemental irrigation amount
Sufficient, trickle irrigation 2~3 times, each irrigating water quota is 25~30m3/ mu；Boot stage water consumption accounts for the 10% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 1
~2 times, each irrigating water quota is 20~25m3/ mu；Grouting parameter water consumption accounts for the 40% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 2 times, every time
Irrigating water quota is 25~30m3/ mu；
Summer corn seeding stage water consumption accounts for the 15% of total water consumption, after planting seeding stage trickle irrigation 1 time, and irrigating water quota is 10~15m3/
Mu, to ensure emergence rate；Jointing stage water consumption accounts for the 25% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 2~3 times, each irrigating water quota for 10~
15m3/ mu；It takes out male pustulation period water consumption and accounts for the 50% of total water consumption, trickle irrigation 4~5 times, each irrigating water quota is 10~15m3/ mu；
Maturity period water consumption accounts for the 10% of total water consumption, and rainfall meets, and does not need to supplement irrigation.
10. Winter Wheat/Summer Maize Rotation System green drip irrigation economize cultural method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Fertilizer applications in step (3) in the operation of trickle irrigation water-fertilizer integral are as follows：
Organic fertilizer 200kg/ mus before winter wheat sowing, two annual rings are applied once；It applies fertilizer to the subsoil during winter wheat sowing, the base fertilizer is multiple
Hefei N-P-K：15-15-15, base fertilizer sowing amount are 40kg/ mus, implement top dressing processing after winter wheat period of seedling establishment, implement every time
It when top dressing is handled, is applied with water droplet, ensures that half an hour terminates to apply fertilizer before cutting off the water, fertilizer application frequency is identical with each irrigation in growing period number,
Sowing amount according to total fertilization amount averagely to every time in；Period of seedling establishment drop applies total amount：0.6~1.0kg/ mus of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.3~
0.6kg/ mus, 0.2~0.4kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Jointing stage drop applies total amount：8~10kg/ mus of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 2.0~
3.0kg/ mus, 2.0~2.5kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Boot stage drop applies total amount：8.0~10kg/ mus of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10~
12kg/ mus, 4.0~5.0kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate；Grouting parameter drop applies total amount：8~10kg/ mus of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 1.0
~1.5kg/ mus；
Summer corn applies base fertilizer when sowing, the base fertilizer is composite fertilizer N-P-K：15-15-15, base fertilizer sowing amount are 20kg/ mus,
Summer corn top dressing is jointing stage and pumping male pustulation period, when implementing top dressing processing every time, is applied with water droplet, half an hour knot before guarantee is cut off the water
Beam applies fertilizer, and fertilizer application frequency is identical with each irrigation in growing period number, and sowing amount is according to total fertilization amount averagely in each；Jointing stage drips
Apply total amount：20~25kg/ mus of urea, 15~18kg/ mus of potassium sulfate；It takes out male pustulation period drop and applies total amount：12~15kg/ mus of urea,
6~8kg/ mus of potassium sulfate.
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