CN104904457B - A kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104904457B CN104904457B CN201510252774.8A CN201510252774A CN104904457B CN 104904457 B CN104904457 B CN 104904457B CN 201510252774 A CN201510252774 A CN 201510252774A CN 104904457 B CN104904457 B CN 104904457B
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims description 39
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 17
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000985665 Cecropia obtusifolia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 phosphorus diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000010637 Aquaporins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010063290 Aquaporins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000003284 Horns Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 Vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- GCUPVSQZXRYEHO-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;zinc;disulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GCUPVSQZXRYEHO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
Abstract
The invention provides corn water-saving cultivation method, including：Lay and carried out ploughing site preparation after drip irrigation pipe, covering film is simultaneously sowed；Apply after substrate fertilizer, irrigated repeatedly and topdressed repeatedly using under-film drip irrigation mode during corn growth；Treat that corn is ripe, harvesting；Irrigating water quota meets equation below：M=0.1 × γ × z × P × (θ max θ min)/η m design irrigating water quotas mm；γ soil weight g/cm3, it is 1.4 1.45g/cm3；Z plans ground moistening layer depth m, is 0.35 0.45m；P percentage of wetted soil %, are 60 70%；The θ max suitable soil moisture content upper limits, are the 90 92% of maximum water-holding capacity；θ min suitable soil moisture content lower limits, are the 70 72% of maximum water-holding capacity；η water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.9 0.95.Cultural method is economized on water and corn yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, in particular to a kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method.
Background technology
Corn have the laudatory title of life prolonging food, containing abundant protein, fat, vitamin, trace element, cellulose and
Polysaccharide etc., with exploitation high nutrition, the great potential of high biological function food.Corn is not only the main next of mankind's grain
A kind of source, it has also become popular health food, often arises on dining table, and fashionable once with the fine famous American-European generation of food
Boundary.
China is as large agricultural country, and its corn planting also belongs to pillar industry, and especially Zhangye Prefecture is national high-grade maize kind
One of sub- production base, whole city's seed production corn cultivated area is stablized at 60,000 hectares for many years, produces high-grade maize seed about 4.5 hundred million per year
Kilogram, more than the 40% of national corn sowing quantity is accounted for, national 13,000,000 hectares of production corn seeds can be met, it has also become the whole nation
Maximum seed production corn production base.But during universal cultural method, pour water and fertilizing operation does not form system
One operation standard, many patterns using broad irrigation of especially pouring water, this Irrigation causes the ratio of agricultural water higher,
The serious raising for constraining economy of resources, and overirrigation also affects the growing way and yield of corn.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method, the cultural method of described corn
Have the advantages that water saving, section fertilizer, corn grow fine and increased production.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy uses following technical scheme：
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method, comprise the following steps：(A) lay
Carry out ploughing site preparation after drip irrigation pipe, then covering film and sow；
(B) apply after substrate fertilizer, irrigated repeatedly and topdressed repeatedly using under-film drip irrigation mode during corn growth；
(C) treat that corn is ripe, harvesting；
Wherein, the irrigating water quota irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode meets equation below：
M=0.1 × γ × z × P × (θ max- θ min)/η (1)
M- design irrigating water quotas mm；
γ-soil weight g/cm3, it is 1.4-1.45g/cm3；
Z- plans ground moistening layer depth m, is 0.35-0.45m；
P- percentage of wetted soil %, are 60-70%；
The θ max- suitable soil moisture content upper limits, are the 90-92% of maximum water-holding capacity；
θ min- suitable soil moisture content lower limits, are the 70-72% of maximum water-holding capacity；
η-water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.9-0.95.
In the prior art, usually crop is poured water by the way of broad irrigation, but this irrigation method by
It can not be absorbed well by its root system in the moisture on crop in pouring, therefore only increasing amount irrigation could meet crop just
It is frequently grown, not only waste of resource but also runs counter to low-carbon environment-friendly, saving water resource and advocate principle, if overirrigation can be made in addition
About influence of the fertilizer efficiency to crop, and then have influence on the growing way and yield of corn.
The present invention has invented a kind of cultural method economized on water for maize mulched drip irrigation in order to solve the above problems, and overturns
Traditional pouring pattern, and this drip irrigation method goes out its water consumption by advance theoretical calculation, is its whole pouring flow system
Unified standard is determined.Irrigating water quota needs to be estimated in strict accordance with above-mentioned formula, wherein z- plan ground moistening layer depths
This parameter because if degree of wetting is too deep to cause water resource waste, nor can be beneficial to preferably between 35-45cm
The further growth of crop, if the depth of wetting layer is excessively shallow and can influence the normal of crop without the moisture for providing sufficient amount
Growth.Therefore its suitable scope is more excellent for 45cm between 35-45cm, and same other specification is also to plant beautiful according to actual
Optimal valued combinations are in the more satisfactory scope of the growing state optimization of rice, therefore the further formula：γ is
1.41g/cm3, z is 0.45m, and P is that 70%, the η that 90%, the θ min that 60%, θ max are maximum water-holding capacity are maximum water-holding capacity is
0.9, the irrigating water quota calculated under this condition is 50.76mm, i.e. 33.84m3/ mu, and this is optimal irrigating water quota, and this pours water
It is rated for the value of crop water peak period.
In the present invention, the irrigation frequency irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode preferably meets equation below：T=(m/Ea)
×η (2)
M- design irrigating water quotas mm；
T- designs d irrigation frequency；
Ea- designs water consumption intensity mm/d, is 2-3mm/d；
η-water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.9-0.95.
Wherein, irrigating water quota uses the numerical value calculated in formula (1), and irrigation frequency is during whole plant growth
The interval time poured water twice, the span of its design parameter is according to the more satisfactory of the growing state optimization of corn
Scope, preferably, Ea is that 3, η is 0.9, under the conditions of this value irrigation frequency be 15 days, that is to say, that pour water twice
Interval preferably 15 days.
In addition, the perdurabgility of once pouring water irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode meets equation below：T=(m × Se
×Sr)/qd (3)
M- design irrigating water quotas mm；
T- once pours water perdurabgility h；
Qd- designs dripping end flow L/h, is 2.4-2.5L/h；
Se- designs the water dropper spacing m of hollow billet, is 0.3-0.4m；
Sr- designs hollow billet spacing m, is 0.9-1.1m.
Wherein, the water dropper spacing of design hollow billet refers to carry out the distance between two water droppers during drip irrigation, and general control exists
Between 0.3-0.4m, hollow billet spacing refers to the distance between pipeline during drip irrigation, and general control is between 0.9-1.1m, preferably,
Qd is 2.4L/h, and Se is 0.3m, and Sr is 1.1m, perdurabgility of once pouring water is calculated under this more excellent range of condition small for 7
When, illustrate that the 7 hours time continued when pouring water every time is optimal.
After irrigating water quota, irrigation frequency and perdurabgility equal optimization preferably scope of once pouring water, general corn
Growth cycle at 120 days or so, then the number of times irrigated altogether during whole growth cycle be 7-8 times, irrigation it is total
Amount control is in 250-320m3, optimal irrigation frequency is 8 times, and irrigation total amount is 270.72m3/ mu, flood is used compared with prior art
The mode of flood irrigation is typically necessary 400m3The water of/mu, accomplishes significantly to save in water resource.
In the present invention, this 8 times pours water preferably be respectively pour water in jointing period 1 time, toy trumpet mouthful period pour water 1 time, it is big
Horn mouth period, which pours water 1 time, take out male period pours water 1 time, take out hero terminate rear period pour water 1 time, grouting period pour water 1 time, it is cured ripe
Period pours water 2 times.In order to fully demonstrate water-fertilizer integral, fertilizer is dissolved in under-film drip irrigation by the present invention during topdressing
In irrigation water, so equally realize and topdress during pouring, the number of times topdressed is generally 2-3 times, be preferably 3 times,
Respectively jointing period chases after jointing fertilizer, and typhon mouthful period, which chases after ear manuer and takes out hero and terminate rear period, chases after granulated fertilizer.
Further, it is to pass through water from fertile tank during practical operation, the flowing of such current can drive fertilizer to ooze together
Enter in soil, so as to reach the purpose of water-fertilizer integral.
Finally, it is difficult to be applied to soil during follow-up topdress because potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer are not readily dissolved in water to overcome
The problem of in earth, the invention apply substrate it is fertile when used slow control fertilizer, that is, the substrate fertilizer applied is that farmers' is organic
Fertilizer, the slow mixture for controlling fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus diamines, and potash fertilizer is one in potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate
Kind or two kinds of mixture, slow control fertilizer can make fertilizer nutrient rate of release slow, and acquisition time is longer, in the whole growth of crop
Phase can meet fertilizer needed for plant growth, therefore during follow-up topdress, it is only necessary to chase after and use urea, without chasing after again
Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, you can.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) present invention has formulated under-film drip irrigation water-saving culture side for the specific growth cycle of corn and growth course
Method, has overturned traditional pouring pattern, and this drip irrigation method goes out its water consumption by advance theoretical calculation, is that it is entirely poured
Fill the unified standard of process formulation；
(2) irrigating water quota, irrigation frequency and perdurabgility of once pouring water equal optimization preferably numerical value model of the invention
Enclose, and give optimal value so that maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method has the foundation referred to, be easy to push away on a large scale
The wide cultural method using the present invention carries out cultivated maize, so as to reach the purpose of saving irrigation model；
(3) cultural method of the invention realizes water-fertilizer integral, and when optimizing the specific number of times topdressed and be specific
Machine so that by the cultural method of the present invention while water saving, moreover it is possible to reach section fertilizer and make full use of fertilizer efficiency so that crop
Growing way and the more excellent effect of yield.
(4) present invention creatively application of slow control fertilizer when applying substrate fertilizer, can delay fertilizer nutrient rate of release
Slowly, acquisition time is longer, fertilizer needed for can meeting plant growth in the whole growth period of crop, therefore in follow-up process of topdressing
In, it is only necessary to chase after and use urea, without chasing after phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer again.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.It is unreceipted specific in embodiment
Condition person, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, be
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Embodiment 1
Maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method is as follows：
1) first carry out the design of drip irrigation system and laid drip irrigation pipe, comprise the following steps that：
The determination of control area：Water balanced calculation should be carried out during design first, to determine rational control area.Water
When source is motor-pumped well, the control area of maximum possible should be determined according to motor-pumped well outflow.When water source is river, the pool, water channel, it should examine simultaneously
Consider water source water and economic both sides factor determines Optimal Control area, according to conventional design experiences, relatively inexpensive control
Area is 66.7 hectares (1000 mu), preferably not more than 100 hectares (1500 mus), and most of is to irrigate monocrop.
Pipe network plans deposition step：A determines pipe network type according to landform condition analysis；B determines hydrant and unburied tube
Suitable location；C presses the most short principle of pipeline total length, determines the trend and length of pipelines at different levels in pipe network；D is in skiagraph subscript
Note the position of pipeline pile No. at different levels, elevation, waterworks, protection facility, connecting pipe and annex；E to pipelines at different levels,
Pipe fitting, waterworks etc., list category statistics.
Drip irrigation system is designed：The design of drip irrigation system is carried out based on drip irrigation project overall planning, its content bag
Include the arrangement of system, the determination of system and pipe design flow at different levels, the water force of pipe network, and pumping plant, sedimentation basin, stem
Design etc., write out design instruction, propose engineering material, equipment and budget inventory, construction and operational management requirement.
The arrangement of drip irrigation system is typically to make preliminary arrangement on topographic map, then takes preliminary arrangement on the spot to
Compareed with actual landform, and carry out necessary amendment.Topographic map ratio used in the arrangement of drip irrigation system is generally 1/500-
1/1000.It can also be arranged in the case of the very little of irrigated area on actual landform, but drip irrigation system arrangement signal should be drawn
Figure.
Pipe network hydraulic calculation and design：A. the type selecting of drip irrigation zone：The design of hollow billet, exactly selects drip irrigation zone model, it is determined that
Its length, calculated water head loss.According to different soil properties, crop species, the drip irrigation zone of reasonable model should be selected.Inhomogeneity
Type soil, the Vertical Infiltration ability of its water is different with lateral diffusion-capability, and sand loam soil should select dripping end flow big, closely spaced
Drip irrigation zone, clayed soil should select dripping end flow small, the big drip irrigation zone of spacing.
B. the determination of horizontal hollow billet limit water dropper number
In formula：The limit shunting hole count of Nm --- hollow billet；
[△h2] --- the permission head difference of hollow billet, m, [△ h2]=β2[△ h], β2It should be determined by technology and economy comparison,
For level land β2Desirable 0.55；
[△ h] --- cell of pouring water allows head difference m；
D --- hollow billet internal diameter mm；
K --- loss of flood peak sampling factor, generally 1.1~1.2；
Qd --- designed discharge of dripper L/h.
C. hollow billet limiting length (Lm) is determined
Lm=Nm × Se
The actual laying length of hollow billet is can determine that according to the actual conditions of hollow billet limiting length and bar field.
D. the frictional head loss h of hollow billet is determined
In formula：F, m, b --- it is respectively the coefficient of friction resistance, the index of discharge and caliber coefficient, can be checked in by table；
N --- apopore number；
S0 --- import is to the spacing in first hole, m.
F determines hollow billet local head loss
When parameter lacks, hollow billet local head loss can be calculated by the 10%-20% of frictional head loss.
The design of main：The design objective of main be by worst pipeline from below to up, approach from a distance calculated water head damage
The flow and the operating pressure of branch pipe for losing and being conveyed to each branch pipe, to select each length of pipe section of main, caliber and nominal pressure.
The calculation formula of the main loss of flood peak is identical with branch pipe, and its each pipeline section caliber should be carried out according to operating cost and one-time investment
Technology and economy comparison is determined.Also it can be determined by the computational methods of branch pipe economic pipe size.
2) site preparation and then sowing and covering film are ploughed：First ploughed, including subsoiling, digged, except stubble-cleaning etc. is operated, ploughed
After carry out site preparation, that is, top layer (topsoil) soil is carried out before being broadcast after ploughing ravel, making ridge, the operation, last site preparation such as smooth, suppression
After the completion of, covering film should unexpected topsoil surface 5cm-7cm soil temperatures be stable when passing through 7 DEG C under mulch film, you can sowing, press
According to line-spacing 130cm-140cm, it is defined by ridge platform center line, both sides equidistantly extend to the left and right.Line-spacing 92cm-100cm between two ridges.Shape
Planting Row Distance into wide-and narrow-row is sowed.
3) using being irrigated 7-8 times using under-film drip irrigation mode after substrate fertilizer, and after topdressing 2-3 times, corn maturation is treated
Harvesting；
Wherein, the irrigating water quota that under-film drip irrigation mode is irrigated meets equation below：
M=0.1 × γ × z × P × (θ max- θ min)/η
M- design irrigating water quotas mm；
γ-soil weight g/cm3, it is 1.4-1.45g/cm3；
Z- plans ground moistening layer depth m, is 0.35-0.45m；
P- percentage of wetted soil %, are 60-70%；
The θ max- suitable soil moisture content upper limits, are the 90-92% of maximum water-holding capacity；
θ min- suitable soil moisture content lower limits, are the 70-72% of maximum water-holding capacity；
η-water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.9-0.95；
The irrigation frequency irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode meets equation below：
T=(m/Ea) × η
M- design irrigating water quotas mm；
T- designs d irrigation frequency；
Ea- designs water consumption intensity mm/d, is 2-3mm/d；
η-water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.9-0.95；
The perdurabgility of once pouring water irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode meets equation below：
T=(m × Se × Sr)/qd
M- design irrigating water quotas mm；
T- once pours water perdurabgility h；
Qd- designs dripping end flow L/h, is 2.4-2.5L/h；
Se- designs the water dropper spacing m of hollow billet, is 0.3-0.4m；
Sr- designs hollow billet spacing m, is 0.9-1.1m；
By calculating the overall control irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode in 250-320m3/ mu.
Embodiment 2
1) with the step 1 in the embodiment of the present invention 1) it is identical；
2) with the step 2 in the embodiment of the present invention 1) it is identical；
3) substrate fertilizer is first applied, i.e., every mu organic fertilizer 1800kg delays control fertilizer 30kg, phosphorus two ammonium 23kg, potassium sulfate 37kg,
After zinc sulfate 1-1.5kg, 8 times are irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode, respectively jointing period pours water 1 time, toy trumpet mouthful period fills
Water 1 time, typhon mouthful period, which pours water 1 time, take out male period pours water 1 time, take out hero terminate rear period pour water 1 time, grouting period pour water 1
Secondary, cured ripe period pours water 2 times；And topdress 3 times, respectively jointing period chases after jointing fertilizer, and typhon mouthful period chases after ear manuer and taken out
Hero terminates rear period and chases after granulated fertilizer, topdresses pass through water from fertile tank every time, so that fertilizer is dissolved in the irrigation water of under-film drip irrigation
Water-fertilizer integral is realized, finally treats that corn maturation can be harvested；
Wherein, the irrigating water quota that under-film drip irrigation mode is irrigated meets equation below：
M=0.1 × γ × z × P × (θ max- θ min)/η
M- design irrigating water quotas mm；
γ-soil weight g/cm3, it is 1.41g/cm3；
Z- plans ground moistening layer depth m, is 0.45m；
P- percentage of wetted soil %, are 60%；
The θ max- suitable soil moisture content upper limits, are the 90% of maximum water-holding capacity；
θ min- suitable soil moisture content lower limits, are the 70% of maximum water-holding capacity；
η-water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.9；
Design irrigating water quota is obtained for 50.76mm, i.e. 33.84m3/ mu by calculating；
The irrigation frequency irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode meets equation below：
T=(m/Ea) × η
M- design irrigating water quotas mm；
T- designs d irrigation frequency；
Ea- designs water consumption intensity mm/d, is 3mm/d；
η-water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.9；
Optimal irrigation frequency is obtained for 15d by calculating；
The perdurabgility of once pouring water irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode meets equation below：
T=(m × Se × Sr)/qd
M- design irrigating water quotas mm；
T- once pours water perdurabgility h；
Qd- designs dripping end flow L/h, is 2.4L/h；
Se- designs the water dropper spacing m of hollow billet, is 0.3m；
Sr- designs hollow billet spacing m, is 1.1m；
By calculating the total amount that optimal perdurabgility is irrigation in 7 hours, whole corn growth cycle of once being poured water
For 270.72m3/ mu.
Comparative example 1
Cultivated maize, whole growth are carried out using the cultivating method of crop in the patent of Application No. 20091075454.1
Cycle pours water inventory up to 405m3/ mu.
Experimental example 1
After irrigation quantity and the relation of yield in the embodiment of the present invention and comparative example 1 is tested, following data are drawn,
It is specifically shown in table 1 below：
The relation of the yield of table 1 and duty
From table 1 it follows that the wherein the 4th perpendicular row correspond to highly preferred embodiment of the present invention 2, last perpendicular row correspond to
Comparative example 1, and the parallel laboratory test that first three perpendicular behavior understands the relation of yield and duty and designed, specific implementation method with
Embodiment 2 is identical, and simply duty is different, then can also clearly find out from upper table, is planted using the water saving of the present invention
Culture method can improve yield, but duty is excessive or very few its yield can also be reduced accordingly, therefore preferably control
It is relatively good in suitable scope.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but it will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's
Many other changes and modification can be made in the case of spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including belonging to all such changes and modifications in the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(A) laid and carried out ploughing site preparation after drip irrigation pipe, then covering film and sowed；
(B) after basal dressing, irrigated 8 times and topdressed repeatedly using under-film drip irrigation mode during corn growth；
(C) treat that corn is ripe, harvesting；
Wherein, the irrigating water quota irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode meets formula (1)：
M=0.1 × γ × z × P × (θmax-θmin)/η (1)
M is design irrigating water quota mm；
γ is soil weight g/cm3, it is 1.41g/cm3；
Z is plan ground moistening layer depth m, is 0.45m；
P is percentage of wetted soil %, is 60%；
θmaxIt is the 90% of maximum water-holding capacity for the suitable soil moisture content upper limit；
θminIt is the 70% of maximum water-holding capacity for suitable soil moisture content lower limit；
η is water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.9；
Design irrigating water quota is obtained for 50.76mm, i.e. 33.84m by calculating3/ mu；
Meet formula (2) irrigation frequency irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode：
T=(m/Ea) × η (2)
M is design irrigating water quota mm；
T is design d irrigation frequency；
Ea is design water consumption intensity mm/d, is 3mm/d；
η is water efficiency of irrigation, is 0.9；
Irrigation frequency is obtained for 15d by calculating；
The perdurabgility of once pouring water irrigated using under-film drip irrigation mode meets formula (3)：
T=(m × Se×Sr)/qd (3)
M is design irrigating water quota mm；
T is the perdurabgility h that once pours water；
qdIt is 2.4L/h for design dripping end flow L/h；
SeIt is 0.3m to design the water dropper spacing m of hollow billet；
SrIt is 1.1m for design hollow billet spacing m；
It is that the total amount irrigated in 7 hours, whole corn growth cycle is by calculating perdurabgility of once being poured water
270.72m3/ mu.
2. a kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pour water and respectively pull out
Section period pours water 1 time, toy trumpet mouthful period pours water 1 time, typhon mouthful period pours water 1 time, takes out male period and pour water 1 time, take out male knot
Period pours water 1 time after beam, grouting period pours water 1 time, cured ripe period pours water 2 times.
3. a kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the number of times topdressed is
2-3 times, and it is that fertilizer is dissolved in the irrigation water of under-film drip irrigation to topdress.
4. a kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the number of times topdressed is
3 times, respectively jointing period chases after jointing fertilizer, and typhon mouthful period, which chases after ear manuer and takes out hero and terminate rear period, chases after granulated fertilizer.
5. a kind of maize mulched drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step (B)
In, the base manure applied is the mixture of farm organic fertilizer, slow control fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Wherein phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus diamines, and potash fertilizer is
Potassium sulfate.
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| CN105340566A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-02-24 | 常熟市辛庄镇双浜农地股份合作社 | Planting method of corns with high vitamin content |
| CN106134700A (en) * | 2016-06-25 | 2016-11-23 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of Semen Maydis view of water cultural method |
| CN107548932A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-09 | 天津市澍丰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of corn water-saving irrigation cultural method |
| CN106385845A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Root irrigation water-saving cultivation method for plants in secondary saline-alkali land |
| CN106949923A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-07-14 | 江苏大学镇江流体工程装备技术研究院 | A kind of measurement sprayed with shower nozzle sprinkler coefficient and optimization method |
| CN106993518A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-01 | 北京市水科学技术研究院 | A kind of facilities vegetable under-film drip irrigation method |
| CN107135915A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-08 | 北京市水科学技术研究院 | A kind of facilities vegetable under-film drip irrigation intelligent irrigation decision system |
| CN107278585A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-24 | 冷秀财 | A kind of corn planting method |
| CN108967079A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-12-11 | 安徽省万果园农业科技发展有限公司 | A method of improving corn planting phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency |
| CN109197080A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-15 | 宁夏大学 | A kind of fertigation management method of long jujube |
| CN109197437B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-11-03 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Water and fertilizer efficient regulation and control method for large-ridge double-row under-film drip irrigation of corn in cold and semi-arid region |
| CN111226711B (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2021-06-29 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Photo-thermal water-fertilizer efficient cultivation method for wheat and corn double-cropping crop rotation area |
| CN114402731A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-29 | 盐城工学院 | Biological cultivation method for mucilaginous soil of greenhouse |
| CN115005008A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-06 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Method for planting flower shrubs in film-covered corn field |
| CN115222152B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-07-21 | 石河子大学 | Rotation irrigation system optimization method for improving field drip irrigation uniformity |
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| CN103392467B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-06-24 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Corn planting and cultivating method |
| CN103724063A (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-04-16 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Special water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation of corns |
| CN103918448B (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-09-23 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of corn planting method of group structure Optimum Regulation |
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