CN115486349A - Wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting - Google Patents
Wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
A wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting comprises a planting mode, a pipe network system arrangement, necessary technical parameters of efficient water and fertilizer management and technical parameters of other unnecessary factors, adopts a planting mode with reasonable parameters of a large-flow drip irrigation system matched with wide-narrow rows, improves the irrigation uniformity, meets the water requirement of a wheat root system, increases the number of irrigated plants of wheat, reduces the using amount of water in the whole field and achieves the purpose of water saving; combine together with the high-efficient liquid manure management strategy of each growth period, when improving each growth period liquid manure utilization ratio greatly, large-traffic drip irrigation system still easily forms the surface runoff, with the great distance of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer along surface migration, the effect of fertilizeing has been played, the step of using seed manure and base fertilizer has been saved, the farming season has been saved, the problem that the later stage utilizes the convention to drip irrigation wheat middle and later stage phosphorus potassium's of drip irrigation not enough supply and influence wheat output has been solved, the technical bias that traditional drip irrigation technique can not produce the surface runoff has been overcome, the utilization ratio of liquid manure has been improved, water conservation economize on fertilizer the effect is obvious, the emergence rate is showing with output and is increasing, mu's investment also obtains greatly reduced simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat planting, in particular to a wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat.
Background
Wheat is a grain crop in traditional agriculture in China, and makes great contribution in both traditional agriculture and current agriculture. The reasonable planting method can intensively utilize natural resources such as light, heat, fertilizer, water and the like, and can also increase the biological diversity of the farmland. Meanwhile, the plant disease and insect pest resistance and lodging resistance of crops can be enhanced, and the productivity of unit area is improved. With the increase of population and the rigid growth of grain demand, the cultivation and planting technology is more and more valued by agricultural experts at home and abroad.
The traditional wheat planting mode adopts the drill seeding planting with equal row spacing, and the wheat has larger planting area in Shandong, hebei, henan and Xinjiang, but the drill seeding quantity is large, the cost is high, the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is low, the photo-thermal effect is poor, the wheat is not suitable for precision seeding, and the mechanization degree is low. Therefore, in some regions, a wide-narrow row planting mode is adopted for wheat planting.
However, the applicant believes that:
the row spacing of the wide row and the narrow row of the current planting mode is unreasonable, so that the land utilization rate is low, the irrigation effect is not good, base fertilizers need to be applied before seeding, the steps are complicated, the workload is large, and the farming season is wasted.
Further, the applicant also believes that:
from the viewpoint of irrigation, advanced drip irrigation techniques have been tried on wheat planting by some scholars, but the advanced drip irrigation techniques are physiological researches on crops, and technical parameters for wheat planting are not specified, such as how to select emitter flow specifications and how to arrange pipe systems under different soils? A series of planting technical parameters are ambiguous and cannot form a complete set of systemic drip irrigation wheat solution, and the existing drip irrigation field generally considers that the small-flow irrigation emitter can reduce the cost of system pipelines to a certain degree due to the fact that surface runoff is not easy to generate and the laying distance is long, but the wheat is not the optimal choice for the non-point source close-planting crops.
As a global planting technique, in addition to the above technical factors, the applicant believes that:
efficient water and fertilizer management is also essential, especially for different growth periods of wheat, how to irrigate and fertilize, i.e. when? How much to pour/apply per time? And a plurality of water and fertilizer management measures need to be clear one by one on the basis of a new wheat planting technology, and become a key for restricting the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer.
The water and fertilizer efficiency caused by one or more problems is not high, the water and fertilizer saving effect is general, the seedling emergence and the yield are not improved, the investment cost is still relatively high, and the like.
Based on the technical problems, the wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat is provided by comprehensively considering the technical operations such as pre-sowing operation, growth period chemical regulation, harvesting operation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve or even solve at least one problem in the prior art, the invention provides a wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat.
The invention is realized in the following way:
the invention provides a wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat, which comprises a planting mode, pipe network system arrangement and efficient water and fertilizer management, wherein the wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology comprises the following steps of planting, pipe network system arrangement and efficient water and fertilizer management
The planting mode adopts:
a single wide row and a plurality of narrow rows are arranged alternately, namely, a plurality of narrow rows and a plurality of wide rows are adjacent;
the row spacing of the wide rows is 12-15 cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 5-10 cm, and the distance between every two adjacent wide rows is not more than 110 cm;
bunch planting is carried out in the narrow rows and the wide rows,
the seed holes of the hill planter are arranged in staggered rows, namely the positions of two adjacent rows of seed holes are not on the same row,
the hole distance of the hole sowing is 5-8 cm;
the pipe network system is arranged by adopting the following steps:
based on the planting mode, the large-flow drip irrigation system,
the dripper flow specification of the high-flow drip irrigation system is more than 4L/h,
the distance between the branch pipes of the large-flow drip irrigation system is 70-80 meters, the length of the branch pipes is 35-40 meters,
the middle position of the drip irrigation belt of the large-flow drip irrigation system is wide,
the drip irrigation tape of the high-flow drip irrigation system is arranged on the ground surface,
the wetting peak of a drip irrigation tape of the high-flow drip irrigation system is more than 55 cm;
the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps:
based on the planting mode and the arrangement of the pipe network system, the wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation system,
the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management is implemented by irrigating according to a rotation irrigation mode, namely, after irrigation of a rotation irrigation district is finished, a next rotation irrigation group is started first, then the current rotation irrigation group is closed,
the efficient water and fertilizer management irrigation plan comprises the following steps: drip irrigation for 5-7 times in the whole growth period, the irrigation period is 10-15 days, and the irrigation rate is 4200m3/hm 2-4800 m3/hm2.
Further, under different soil qualities, the wide and narrow row spacing of the wheat in the planting mode is realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the wide row spacing and the narrow row spacing of the wheat are 12-13 cm and 5-7 cm respectively;
when the soil texture is loam, the line spacing of the wide lines of the wheat is 13-14 cm, and the line spacing of the narrow lines is 7-8 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the row spacing of the wide rows of the wheat is 14-15 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 8-10 cm.
Further, under the ground with different soil qualities, the arrangement of the pipe network system is realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the flow rate of the drippers is 6-8 liters/hour, the distance between the drippers is 30-35 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 90-100 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the flow rate of the drippers is 5-7 liters/hour, the distance between the drippers is 35-40 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 90-110 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the flow rate of the drippers is 4-6 liters/hour, the distance between the drippers is 35-40 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 100-110 cm.
Further, the efficient water and fertilizer management is respectively carried out according to a seed stage, a seedling stage, a jointing stage, a heading stage, a grouting stage and a maturation stage, wherein:
in the seed stage, the ground drip irrigation pipe network is installed immediately after the seeding is finished, the seedling water is dripped immediately after the installation is finished,
the irrigation rate in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wet layer to reach 20 cm and reach 110% of the maximum water holding capacity of field soil, and fertilization is carried out along with water when the irrigation rate reaches 55-65% of the irrigation rate in the growth period, wherein the fertilization rate is 5% of the total application amount of N, P2O5 and K2O;
in the seedling emergence stage, the winter wheat is irrigated 15-20 days after seedling emergence, the spring wheat is irrigated 6-8 days after seedling emergence, irrigation is started when the water content of field soil reaches 71-74% of the maximum water holding capacity,
according to different emergence rates, the irrigation standard is set as follows:
irrigating in a wheel irrigation area with the emergence rate of more than 98 percent when the water content of the field soil reaches 73 to 74 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
irrigating in a rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate of 95-97 percent when the water content of the field soil reaches 72 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
irrigating in a rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate of below 94 percent when the water content of the field soil reaches 71 percent of the maximum water capacity of the field soil,
if the water content of the field soil is more than 71 percent after the irrigation is finished, the field soil needs to be irrigated once in advance;
the irrigation quota in the growth period can ensure that the depth of a soil wetting layer reaches 25 cm and reaches 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 50-60% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, applying fertilizer along with water, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 10% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O;
in the jointing stage, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growing stage can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilizing along with water, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O application;
in the heading period, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilizing along with water, wherein the fertilizing amount is 25% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O application;
in the grouting period, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilizing along with water, wherein the fertilizing amount is 25% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O application;
in the maturation stage, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 61-64% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growth stage can ensure that the depth of a soil wet layer reaches 30 cm and reaches 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 55-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilization is carried out along with water, and the fertilization amount is 15% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O.
Further, in the planting mode, the overall arrangement of the seed holes is quadrilateral or octagonal.
Further, in the planting mode, the number of the narrow rows is larger than the number of the wide rows.
Further, the pre-sowing operation of the planting technology is that,
soil preparation is carried out, and deep, thorough, clean, solid, flat and sufficient soil is guaranteed; the depth of the cultivated land is 30-35 cm;
preventing diseases and weeds, selecting a herbicide and a pesticide for diseases and pests which do not poison wheat and are beneficial to weed elimination, preparing a liquid medicine according to the proportion of a specification, and sealing soil before sowing;
selecting and processing seeds, selecting seeds which are suitable for local regions and have high individual plant productivity and strong stress resistance, selecting the seeds, wherein the germination rate reaches more than 98 percent, and carrying out medicament seed dressing and sterilization treatment on the seeds by adopting a conventional technology.
Furthermore, the planting technology is operated in the sowing process,
uniformly sowing wheat in wide rows and narrow rows which are well divided on a farmland, wherein uniform seed sowing, no re-sowing, no missing sowing, consistent sowing depth and good covering soil are required;
in the sowing time, the daily average temperature of winter wheat in the sowing period is 15-18 ℃; the daily average temperature of the spring wheat in the sowing period is stabilized above 2 ℃;
in the sowing depth, the surface soil is thawed to be 4-6 cm, and the sowing depth is 2.5-2.9 cm;
in the sowing quantity, the number of the seeds sowed per mu of winter wheat is 30-50 ten thousand, and the number of the seeds sowed per mu of spring wheat is 50-60 ten thousand;
after the seeds are sowed, the seeds are supplemented, the ground head, the ground edge, the ground corners and broken strips are supplemented in time, and the seedling is filled in blocks.
Furthermore, the planting technology carries out chemical regulation and control in the growth period, specifically,
before jointing, the wheat has the strongest drug resistance, and the ryegrass can be used for chemical weeding;
in order to prevent wheat from overgrowth and later lodging, chemical control can be performed by chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol and the like.
Furthermore, the planting technology applies mechanization to harvest wheat when the water content of wheat grains is 20-25% during wheat harvesting.
Has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the wheat wide-narrow row planting mode, the wide-narrow row mode is different from the traditional mode of one wide row and one narrow row, but adopts the mode of multiple narrow rows and one wide row, and the hole sowing is respectively carried out between the wide row and the narrow row, thereby improving the land utilization rate, reducing the seed consumption and lowering the cost;
2. the positions of the holes are arranged in a staggered manner, so that compared with the traditional equidistant arrangement mode, the distance between wheat plants is increased, the population structure of wheat is improved, the ventilation quantity is increased, the photosynthetic efficiency of crops is further improved, and the yield is increased;
3. the planting mode of reasonable parameters that a large-flow drip irrigation system is matched with wide and narrow rows is adopted, the flow of a drip irrigation tape is large, the using amount of the drip irrigation tape is reduced by 30% compared with that of the conventional drip irrigation, the horizontal wetting distance of a formed wetting saturation area is large, the vertical penetration depth is shallow, the wheat growth characteristic is suitable, under the condition of the same irrigation amount, the irrigation uniformity is further improved, the water requirement of a wheat root system is met, the number of the irrigated wheat plants is increased, the using amount of the water in the whole field is reduced, and the purpose of saving water is achieved;
4. the large-flow drip irrigation wide-narrow row system is combined with the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management strategy in each growth period, the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer in each growth period is greatly improved, surface runoff is easily formed by the large-flow drip irrigation system, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are transported along the surface for a large distance, the fertilizer application effect is achieved, the step of applying seed fertilizers and base fertilizers is omitted, the farming season is saved, the problem that the wheat yield is influenced due to insufficient supply of phosphorus and potassium in the middle and later periods of wheat by utilizing a conventional drip irrigation method in the later period is solved, the problem of phosphorus deficiency of the wheat beyond 15 cm away from a drip irrigation belt in the middle and later periods is solved, the technical bias that the surface runoff cannot be generated by the conventional drip irrigation technology is overcome, the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer is improved, the water and fertilizer saving effects are obvious, the emergence rate and the yield are obviously increased, and the mu investment is also greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the wheat row spacing distribution in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall distribution of wheat seed holes in example 1 of the present invention.
Icon: 1 is narrow row, 2 is wide row and 3 is seed point.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
All embodiments, implementations and features of the invention can be combined with each other in the invention without contradiction or conflict. In the present invention, conventional apparatuses, devices, components, etc. are either commercially available or can be self-made according to the disclosure of the present invention. In the present invention, some conventional operations and apparatuses, devices, components are omitted or only briefly described in order to highlight the importance of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples.
In the case of the example 1, the following examples are given,
the invention provides a wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat, which comprises a planting mode, pipe network system arrangement and efficient water and fertilizer management, wherein the wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology comprises a planting mode, a pipe network system arrangement mode and a high-efficiency water and fertilizer management mode
The planting mode adopts:
a single wide row and a plurality of narrow rows are arranged in an alternating mode, namely, a plurality of narrow rows are adjacent to each other;
the row spacing of the wide rows is 12-15 cm,
the narrow row spacing is 5-10 cm,
the distance between adjacent wide rows is not more than 110 cm;
hill planting is performed in the narrow rows and the wide rows,
the seed holes of the bunch planting are arranged in staggered rows, that is, the positions of two adjacent rows of seed holes are not on the same row, as shown in fig. 2.
The hole distance of the hole sowing is 5-8 cm;
the pipe network system is arranged by adopting the following steps:
based on the planting mode, the high-flow drip irrigation system,
the dripper flow specification of the high-flow drip irrigation system is more than 4L/h,
the distance between the branch pipes of the large-flow drip irrigation system is 70-80 meters, the length of the branch pipes is 35-40 meters,
the middle position of the drip irrigation belt of the large-flow drip irrigation system,
the drip irrigation tape of the high-flow drip irrigation system is arranged on the ground surface,
the wetting peak of a drip irrigation tape of the high-flow drip irrigation system is more than 55 cm;
the arrangement of the reasonable wide and narrow line spacing is not only beneficial to the laying of the drip irrigation tape, but also obtains better marginal effect and is more beneficial to the growth of crops; meanwhile, the suitable planting distance is more beneficial to mechanical seeding operation.
The high-efficiency water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps:
based on the planting mode and the pipe network system arrangement, the wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation system,
the efficient water and fertilizer management is implemented by irrigating in a rotation irrigation mode, namely after irrigation of a rotation irrigation district is finished, a next rotation irrigation group is started first, then the current rotation irrigation group is closed, and because wheat groups are too large, in the later period, if the conditions of watering, fertilizing, windy weather and the like are not suitable, the wheat is easy to fall down, so that in the production of the wheat, scientific fertilizing and drip irrigation watering are carried out according to the fertility of soil and the weather conditions;
the efficient water and fertilizer management irrigation plan comprises the following steps: drip irrigation for 5-7 times in the whole growth period, the irrigation period is 10-15 days, and the irrigation rate is 4200m3/hm 2-4800 m3/hm2.
Further, under different soil qualities, the wide and narrow row spacing of the wheat in the planting mode is realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the row spacing of the wide rows of the wheat is 12-13 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 5-7 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the line spacing of the wide lines of the wheat is 13-14 cm, and the line spacing of the narrow lines is 7-8 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the row spacing of the wide rows of the wheat is 14-15 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 8-10 cm.
Taking sandy soil as an example, the row spacing of wide rows of wheat is set to be 12 cm, the row spacing of narrow rows is set to be 5 cm, the field arrangement mode adopts a mode of multiple narrow rows and one wide row adjacent, as shown in fig. 1, the specific distribution is as follows:
5 cm + C5 cm +12 cm +5 cm a +5 cm mode;
further, under the ground with different soil qualities, the arrangement of the pipe network system is realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the flow rate of the drippers is 6-8 liters/hour, the distance between the drippers is 30-35 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 90-100 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the flow rate of the drippers is 5-7 liters/hour, the distance between the drippers is 35-40 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 90-110 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the flow rate of the drippers is 4-6 liters/hour, the distance between the drippers is 35-40 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 100-110 cm.
The wide and narrow row spacing of the planting mode and the arrangement of the pipe network system can ensure that the main root area of wheat is positioned in the wetting peak range, and the irrigation effect is good.
Further, the efficient water and fertilizer management is respectively carried out according to a seed stage, a seedling stage, a jointing stage, a heading stage, a grouting stage and a maturation stage, wherein:
in the seed stage, the ground drip irrigation pipe network is installed immediately after the seeding is finished, the seedling water is dripped immediately after the installation is finished,
the irrigation rate in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 20 cm and reach 110% of the maximum water capacity of field soil, and when the irrigation amount reaches 55-65% of the irrigation rate in the growth period, fertilizer application is carried out along with water, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 5% of the total application amount of N, P O5 and K2O;
in the seedling emergence stage, the winter wheat is irrigated 15-20 days after seedling emergence, the spring wheat is irrigated 6-8 days after seedling emergence, irrigation is started when the water content of field soil reaches 71-74% of the maximum water holding capacity,
according to different emergence rates, the irrigation standard is set as follows:
irrigating in a wheel irrigation area with the emergence rate of more than 98 percent when the water content of the field soil reaches 73 to 74 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
irrigating in a rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate of 95-97 percent when the water content of the field soil reaches 72 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
irrigating in a rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate of below 94 percent when the water content of the field soil reaches 71 percent of the maximum water capacity of the field soil,
if the water content of the field soil is more than 71 percent after the irrigation is finished, the field soil needs to be irrigated once in advance;
the irrigation quota in the growth period can ensure that the depth of a soil wetting layer reaches 25 cm and reaches 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 50-60% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, applying fertilizer along with water, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 10% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O;
in the jointing stage, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growing stage can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilizing along with water, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O application;
in the heading period, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilizing along with water, wherein the fertilizing amount is 25% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O application;
in the grouting period, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilizing along with water is carried out, and the fertilizing amount is 25% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O application;
in the maturation period, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 61-64% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 30 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 55-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilization is carried out along with water, and the fertilization amount is 15% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O.
In the planting mode, the overall arrangement of the seed holes is quadrangular or octagonal, and the number of the narrow rows is larger than that of the wide rows.
On the basis of meeting the setting, the following requirements are still met:
before sowing, soil preparation is needed to ensure that the planting technique is deep, thorough, clean, solid, flat and sufficient; the depth of cultivated land is 30-35 cm; preventing diseases and weeds, selecting a weed killer and a pest pesticide which are not toxic to wheat and are beneficial to weed elimination, preparing a liquid medicine according to the proportion of a specification, and sealing soil before sowing; selecting and processing seeds, selecting seeds which are suitable for local regions and have high individual plant productivity and strong stress resistance, selecting the seeds, wherein the germination rate reaches more than 98 percent, and carrying out medicament seed dressing and sterilization treatment on the seeds by adopting a conventional technology.
When the planting technology is used for sowing, the wheat is uniformly sown in wide rows and narrow rows which are well divided on a farmland, and the requirements of uniform seed sowing, no reseeding, no missing sowing, consistent sowing depth and good covering soil are met; in the sowing time, the daily average temperature of winter wheat in the sowing period is 15-18 ℃; the daily average temperature of the spring wheat in the sowing period is stabilized above 2 ℃; in the sowing depth, the surface soil is thawed to be 4-6 cm, and the sowing depth is 2.5-2.9 cm; in the sowing quantity, the number of the seeds sowed per mu of winter wheat is 30-50 ten thousand, and the number of the seeds sowed per mu of spring wheat is 50-60 ten thousand; after the seeds are sowed, the seeds are supplemented, the ground head, the ground edge, the ground angle and the broken strips are timely supplemented, and the seedling is filled in blocks.
Chemical regulation and control are carried out in the growth period of the planting technology, the drug resistance of wheat is strongest before jointing, and ryegrass can be used for chemical weeding; in order to prevent the wheat from overgrowth and later lodging, chemical control can be performed by chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol and the like.
In the planting technology, when wheat is harvested, mechanized harvesting is applied when the water content of wheat grains is 20-25%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat is characterized in that: comprises a planting mode, pipe network system arrangement and efficient water and fertilizer management, wherein
The planting mode adopts:
a single wide row and a plurality of narrow rows are arranged in an alternating mode, namely, a plurality of narrow rows are adjacent to each other;
the row spacing of the wide rows is 12-15 cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 5-10 cm, and the distance between the adjacent wide rows is not more than 110 cm;
hill planting is performed in the narrow rows and the wide rows,
the seed hole positions of the hole sowing adopt:
the materials are arranged in a staggered way,
namely, the positions of two adjacent rows of seed holes are not on the same column,
the hole distance of the hole sowing is 5-8 cm;
the pipe network system is arranged by adopting the following steps:
based on the planting mode, the large-flow drip irrigation system,
the dripper flow specification of the high-flow drip irrigation system is more than 4L/h,
the distance between the branch pipes of the large-flow drip irrigation system is 70-80 meters, the length of the branch pipes is 35-40 meters,
the drip irrigation belt of the large-flow drip irrigation system is laid at the middle position of the wide row,
the drip irrigation tape of the high-flow drip irrigation system is arranged on the ground surface,
the wetting peak of a drip irrigation tape of the high-flow drip irrigation system is more than 55 cm;
the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps:
based on the planting mode and the pipe network system arrangement, the wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation system,
the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management is implemented by irrigating according to a rotation irrigation mode, namely, after irrigation of a rotation irrigation district is finished, a next rotation irrigation group is started first, then the current rotation irrigation group is closed,
the efficient water and fertilizer management irrigation plan comprises the following steps: drip irrigation for 5-7 times in the whole growth period, the irrigation period is 10-15 days, and the irrigation rate is 4200m3/hm 2-4800 m3/hm2.
2. The wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: under the ground with different soil qualities, the wide and narrow row spacing of the wheat in the planting mode is realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the row spacing of the wide rows of the wheat is 12-13 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 5-7 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the line spacing of the wide lines of the wheat is 13-14 cm, and the line spacing of the narrow lines is 7-8 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the row spacing of the wide rows of the wheat is 14-15 cm, and the row spacing of the narrow rows is 8-10 cm.
3. The wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: underground with different soil qualities, the arrangement of the pipe network system is realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the flow rate of the drippers is 6-8 liters/hour, the distance between the drippers is 30-35 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 90-100 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the flow rate of the drippers is 5-7 liters/hour, the distance between the drippers is 35-40 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 90-110 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the flow of the drippers is 4-6 liters/hour, the distance between the drippers is 35-40 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 100-110 cm.
4. The wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the efficient water and fertilizer management is performed according to a seed stage, a seedling stage, a jointing stage, a heading stage, a grouting stage and a maturation stage, wherein:
in the seed stage, the ground drip irrigation pipe network is installed immediately after the seeding is finished, the seedling water is dripped immediately after the installation is finished,
the irrigation rate in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wet layer to reach 20 cm and reach 110% of the maximum water holding capacity of field soil, and fertilization is carried out along with water when the irrigation rate reaches 55-65% of the irrigation rate in the growth period, wherein the fertilization rate is 5% of the total application amount of N, P2O5 and K2O;
in the seedling emergence stage, the winter wheat is irrigated 15-20 days after seedling emergence, the spring wheat is irrigated 6-8 days after seedling emergence, irrigation is started when the water content of field soil reaches 71-74% of the maximum water holding capacity,
according to different emergence rates, the irrigation standard is set as follows:
irrigating in a wheel irrigation area with the emergence rate of more than 98 percent when the water content of the field soil reaches 73 to 74 percent of the maximum water capacity of the field soil,
irrigating in a rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate of 95-97 percent when the water content of the field soil reaches 72 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
the rate of emergence is below 94%, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 71% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
if the water content of the field soil is more than 71 percent after the irrigation is finished, the field soil needs to be irrigated once in advance;
the irrigation quota in the growth period can ensure that the depth of a soil wet layer reaches 25 cm and reaches 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 50-60% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, applying fertilizer along with water, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 10% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O;
in the jointing stage, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growing stage can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilizing along with water, wherein the fertilizing amount is 20% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O application;
in the heading period, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilizing along with water, wherein the fertilizing amount is 25% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O application;
in the grouting period, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilizing along with water, wherein the fertilizing amount is 25% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O application;
in the maturation period, irrigation is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 61-64% of the maximum water capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growth period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 30 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation amount reaches 55-65% of the irrigation quota in the growth period, fertilization is carried out along with water, and the fertilization amount is 15% of the total amount of N, P O5 and K2O.
5. The wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the planting mode, the overall arrangement shape of the seed holes is quadrilateral or octagonal.
6. The wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the planting mode, the number of the narrow rows is larger than the number of the wide rows.
7. The wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the pre-broadcast operation is that the broadcast operation is,
soil preparation is carried out to ensure that the soil is deep, transparent, clean, solid, flat and sufficient; the depth of cultivated land is 30-35 cm;
preventing diseases and weeds, selecting a herbicide and a pesticide for diseases and pests which do not poison wheat and are beneficial to weed elimination, preparing a liquid medicine according to the proportion of a specification, and sealing soil before sowing;
selecting and processing seeds, selecting seeds which are suitable for local regions and have high individual plant productivity and strong stress resistance, selecting the seeds, wherein the germination rate reaches more than 98 percent, and carrying out medicament seed dressing and sterilization treatment on the seeds by adopting a conventional technology.
8. The wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the operation during the sowing is that,
uniformly sowing the wheat in wide rows and narrow rows which are well divided on a farmland, and requiring uniform seed feeding, no reseeding, no miss sowing, consistent sowing depth and good soil covering;
in the sowing time, the daily average temperature of winter wheat in the sowing period is 15-18 ℃; the daily average temperature of the spring wheat in the sowing period is stabilized above 2 ℃;
in the sowing depth, the surface soil is thawed to be 4-6 cm, and the sowing depth is 2.5-2.9 cm;
in the sowing quantity, the number of the seeds sowed per mu of winter wheat is 30-50 ten thousand, and the number of the seeds sowed per mu of spring wheat is 50-60 ten thousand;
after the seeds are sowed, the seeds are supplemented, the ground head, the ground edge, the ground corners and broken strips are supplemented in time, and the seedling is filled in blocks.
9. The wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: chemical regulation and control are carried out in the growth period, specifically,
before jointing, the wheat has the strongest drug resistance, and the ryegrass can be used for chemical weeding;
in order to prevent wheat from overgrowth and later lodging, chemical control can be performed by chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol and the like.
10. The wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: during harvesting, when the water content of the wheat grains is 20-25%, mechanical harvesting is applied.
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