CN111492910A - Method for planting feeding wheat - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting forage wheat, which comprises the following steps: land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the land, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation; sowing: sowing with the sowing amount of 8-12kg per mu, applying nitrogen fertilizer along with the seeds, and watering after sowing; field management: watering at seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer and watering at rising stage, jointing stage and booting stage, respectively, and watering at grouting stage; production and utilization: cutting at the tillering stage, leaving stubble 5-10 cm after cutting, and harvesting whole wheat at the milk stage to obtain silage. The winter wheat planted by the planting method has balanced nutrient substances, the yield of the cut fresh grass is high, and the quality of the prepared silage is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat cultivation, in particular to a method for planting feeding wheat.
Background
At the present stage, agricultural production structures in China are adjusted along the direction of changing grains into feeding and planting and breeding combination modes, and the animal husbandry is developed towards the direction of green quality improvement and efficiency improvement, so that the development of the herbivore animal husbandry is rapid in recent years, but the problems of limited types of forage grass varieties, green feed shortage in winter and spring, poor quality, silage shortage and the like exist in the breeding process. Wheat is one of crops with the widest planting area, grains and plants can be used as a feed source, the content of protein and vitamins is high, winter wheat can grow normally under the condition of low temperature, the problem of silage shortage in winter and spring is solved, and if the winter wheat is made into silage, the current situation of once-a-year corn silage at present can be changed, and the problem of silage supply shortage is easily solved.
At present, the research on the application of winter wheat as silage is less in China, and the planting method of the winter wheat used as silage is not well understood, so that the distribution of the content of nutrient substances in the harvested winter wheat straw is unbalanced, and the quality of the prepared silage is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for planting forage wheat, which can effectively solve the problems of low fresh grass yield and low quality of prepared silage in the conventional planting method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for planting forage wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the land, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(2) sowing: sowing with the sowing amount of 8-12kg per mu, applying nitrogen fertilizer along with the seeds, and watering after sowing;
(3) field management: watering at seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer and watering at rising stage, jointing stage and booting stage, respectively, and watering at grouting stage;
(4) production and utilization: cutting at the tillering stage, leaving stubble 5-10 cm after cutting, and harvesting whole wheat at the milk stage to obtain silage.
Further, sowing was performed at a sowing rate of 10kg per mu.
Furthermore, 5cm of stubble is left after cutting.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: firstly, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and an organic fertilizer are spread on the land, the fertilizers are uniformly distributed in the soil in the rotary tillage process, and the required nutrition is supplemented for the wheat at any time in the subsequent growth process of the wheat; the organic fertilizer contains rich nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, also contains microelements such as ferrum, manganese, boron and the like, a large amount of amino acids, vitamins and the like, can improve the nutrients of soil, reduce the fixation effect on phosphorus and improve the content of available phosphorus in the soil; meanwhile, the organic fertilizer can also improve the soil structure, improve the permeability of the soil and facilitate the growth and development of winter wheat.
The nitrogen fertilizer is applied during sowing, the fertility of the nitrogen fertilizer is exerted quickly, sufficient nitrogen elements can be provided for the initial growth and development of the wheat, and sufficient nutrition is provided for the growth and development of wheat seeds;
topdressing compound fertilizer in the rising period, the jointing period and the booting period of the wheat, supplementing the required nutrition for the wheat in different growth stages of the wheat in time, and improving the growth speed of the wheat; moreover, organic fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in the soil also continuously supplement nutrients required by the growth of wheat at the stage.
In the middle tillering stage, the wheat stems and leaves are large, and at the moment, the wheat stems and leaves are cut, so that green plants can be provided in time; when the winter wheat is over-winter after tillering, wheat stems and leaves wither, if the wheat stems and leaves are not cut, stem leaf waste can be caused, and if the wheat is not cut, nutrient substances are continuously conveyed to the overground part by the underground part of the wheat, so that the content of the nutrient substances in the underground part is reduced, and after the wheat is cut, the nutrient substances are stored by the underground part, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for the growth of the winter wheat in the subsequent stage, and therefore, the cutting not only can not influence the growth of the winter wheat, but also can promote the growth and development of the winter wheat. After cutting, when the underground rhizomes of the wheat reach the milk ripeness stage of the wheat, the dry matter content in the plants is high, and sugar, protein and water are rich.
Further, the application rates of the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the organic fertilizer in the step (1) are respectively 7-10 kg/mu, 6-9 kg/mu and 800-1200 kg/mu.
Further, the application rates of the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the organic fertilizer in the step (1) are respectively 8 kg/mu, 7 kg/mu and 1200 kg/mu.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are used in the tillage process, the requirements of the winter wheat on phosphorus and potassium before the winter wheat grows to the beginning period can be met, and the fertilizer effect time of the organic fertilizer is longer and the fertilizer is slower, so that the fertilizer can provide nutrition for the whole growth stage of the wheat, and the growth speed of the wheat is improved.
Further, the rotary tillage depth in the step (1) is 13-15 cm.
Further, the rotary tillage depth in the step (1) is 15 cm.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: and (3) rotary tillage is carried out for 13-15cm, the fertilizer is deeply buried, when the wheat is prolonged along with time, the root system is gradually developed, the nutrient components in the deep soil can be fully absorbed and utilized, and the nutrient components in the deep soil can be continuously digested and decomposed by microorganisms in the soil before being absorbed and utilized, so that the nutrient components are converted into a form which is beneficial to wheat absorption, and the wheat absorption effect is further improved.
Further, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: mixing sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw residue, corn straw residue and distiller's grains with water, adjusting water content to 58-63%, fermenting at 70-80 deg.C for 6-8 days under sealed condition, and fermenting at 50-60 deg.C for 4-5 days to obtain the final product.
Further, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: mixing sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw residue, corn straw residue and distiller's grains with water, adjusting water content to 60%, fermenting at 75 deg.C for 8 days under sealed condition, and fermenting at 55 deg.C for 5 days under open condition.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: organic matter content in sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw, corn straw and vinasse is high, after fermentation, small molecular organic carbon content in the fertilizer is increased, carbon-nitrogen ratio in soil is coordinated, absorption and utilization of carbon elements and nitrogen elements by wheat are promoted, growth and development of wheat root systems are enhanced, and yield of wheat silage is increased; moreover, harmful microorganisms in the excrement die through fermentation at the high temperature of 70-80 ℃, so that the content of the harmful microorganisms in the prepared organic fertilizer is increased, and the wheat root system is prevented from being damaged; and (3) carrying out sealed fermentation firstly, wherein the anaerobic bacteria in the mixture play a role, then carrying out open fermentation, wherein the anaerobic bacteria and the aerobic bacteria in the mixture play a role, fully decomposing the mixture, and converting the nutrient components in the mixture into a form which is beneficial to the wheat root system absorption.
Further, the mass ratio of the sheep manure, the chicken manure, the soybean straw slag, the corn straw slag and the vinasse in the organic fertilizer obtained in the step (1) is 2-5:8-12:6-9:8-15: 5-8.
Further, the mass ratio of the sheep manure, the chicken manure, the soybean straw slag, the corn straw slag and the vinasse in the organic fertilizer obtained in the step (1) is 3:8:7:12: 7.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the sheep manure, the chicken manure, the soybean straw slag, the corn straw slag and the vinasse are mixed according to a certain proportion and then fermented, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermented product is moderate, so that the wheat can be absorbed and utilized easily; the addition of distiller's grains can promote fermentation, increase fermentation speed, and shorten fermentation time.
Further, in the step (2), drilling is carried out for the time from 9 late months to 10 early months of the year, the row spacing of drilling is 20-30cm, and the drilling depth is 1-2 cm.
Further, in the step (2), drilling is carried out for the time from 9 late months to 10 early months of the year, the drilling row distance is 25cm, and the drilling depth is 2 cm.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: sowing in the last 9 th and the last 10 th months can properly prolong the growth time of winter wheat and improve the yield of winter wheat; the row spacing of 20-30cm can also control the density of the winter wheat, reduce the competition of the winter wheat for nutrient substances and oxygen in soil, facilitate the growth and development of the winter wheat and improve the yield of the winter wheat.
Further, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the step (2) is 7-10 kg/mu.
Further, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the step (2) is 9 kg/mu.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the nitrogen fertilizer of 7-10 kg/mu can fully meet the requirement of nitrogen element in the early growth process of winter wheat.
Further, the wheat variety sown in the step (2) is late-maturing wheat.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the late-maturing wheat variety has a longer growth period, has enough time to recover growth, has higher photosynthetic production and transport capacity of leaves, and coordinates resource distribution in plants, so that the late-maturing wheat variety has obvious regeneration advantages and strong buffering capacity interfered by mowing.
Further, the application rates of the compound fertilizer in the rising period, the jointing period and the booting period in the step (3) are respectively 6-8 kg/mu, 5-7 kg/mu and 4-6 kg/mu.
Further, the application rates of the compound fertilizer in the rising period, the jointing period and the booting period in the step (3) are respectively 8 kg/mu, 6 kg/mu and 5 kg/mu.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: according to the requirement of the winter wheat on nutrition in the growth process, topdressing compound fertilizers are respectively applied in the rising period, the jointing period and the booting period, so that sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements are provided for the winter wheat, and the growth speed of the winter wheat is improved.
Further, the N and the P in the compound fertilizer in the step (3)2O5:K2The ratio of O is 13-17:5-8: 7-10.
Further, the N and the P in the compound fertilizer in the step (3)2O5:K2The ratio of O was 15:6: 8.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the scheme are as follows: the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the compound fertilizer are coordinated in proportion, so that the required nutrition is fully provided for winter wheat.
The beneficial effects produced by the invention are as follows:
1. according to the cultivation method disclosed by the invention, the cut whole-plant winter wheat has high content of nutrient elements such as dry substances and the like, balanced distribution of nutrient components and moderate water content in the plant, is beneficial to silage treatment, and can improve the quality of silage.
2. According to the cultivation method disclosed by the invention, the silage yield can be increased, the yield of the mowing fresh grass in the middle tillering stage can reach 1100 kg/mu, the yield of the mowing fresh grass in the second time can exceed 900 kg/mu, and finally the yield of the whole plant can still reach 3000 kg/mu.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for planting forage wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the land, wherein the application rates are 7 kg/mu, 6 kg/mu and 800 kg/mu respectively, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 13 cm;
wherein, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer is as follows: the preparation method comprises the following steps of taking sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw slag, corn straw slag and vinasse, wherein the mass ratio of the sheep manure to the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse is 2:8:6:8:5, adding water into the sheep manure, the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, uniformly mixing the sheep manure, the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, adjusting the water content to be 58%, carrying out sealed fermentation at 70 ℃ for 6 days, and carrying out open fermentation;
(2) sowing: sowing late-maturing winter wheat in a row with the sowing quantity of 12kg per mu in the last 9 th to last 10 th of each year, wherein the row spacing of row sowing is 30cm, the sowing depth is 1cm, nitrogen fertilizer is applied along with the seeds in the sowing process, the application quantity of the nitrogen fertilizer is 7 kg/mu, and the sowing is carried out by watering;
(3) field management: watering at seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 6 kg/mu, 5 kg/mu and 4 kg/mu at rising stage, jointing stage and booting stage, respectively, watering at grouting stage; wherein, N is P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The ratio of O is 13:5: 7;
(4) production and utilization: and (4) cutting at the tillering stage, keeping stubbles for 5cm after cutting, and then harvesting the whole wheat at the milk maturity stage to prepare silage.
Example 2
A method for planting forage wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the land, wherein the application rates are respectively 10 kg/mu, 9 kg/mu and 1000 kg/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
wherein, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer is as follows: the preparation method comprises the following steps of taking sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw slag, corn straw slag and vinasse, wherein the mass ratio of the sheep manure to the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse is 5:12:9:15:8, adding water into the sheep manure, the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, uniformly mixing the sheep manure, the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, adjusting the water content to 63%, carrying out sealed fermentation for 8 days at 80 ℃, and carrying out open fermentation for 5;
(2) sowing: sowing late-maturing winter wheat in a row with the sowing quantity of 8kg per mu in the last 9 th to last 10 th of each year, wherein the row spacing of row sowing is 30cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, nitrogen fertilizer is applied along with the seeds in the sowing process, the application quantity of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, and the sowing is carried out;
(3) field management: watering in seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 8 kg/mu, 7 kg/mu and 6 kg/mu respectively in rising stage, jointing stage and booting stage, watering in grouting stage; wherein, N is P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The ratio of O is 17:8: 10;
(4) production and utilization: and (4) cutting at the tillering stage, leaving stubble for 10cm after cutting, and then harvesting the whole wheat at the milk maturity stage to prepare silage.
Example 3
A method for planting forage wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the land, wherein the application rates are 8 kg/mu, 7 kg/mu and 1200 kg/mu respectively, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
wherein, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer is as follows: the preparation method comprises the following steps of taking sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw slag, corn straw slag and vinasse, wherein the mass ratio of the sheep manure to the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse is 3:8:7:12:7, adding water into the sheep manure, the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, uniformly mixing the sheep manure, the chicken manure, the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, adjusting the water content to 60%, carrying out sealed fermentation for 8 days at the temperature of 75 ℃;
(2) sowing: sowing late-maturing winter wheat with a sowing amount of 10kg per mu in the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months every year, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 25cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, nitrogen fertilizer is applied along with the seeds in the sowing process, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 9 kg/mu, and the sowing is carried out by watering;
(3) field management: watering in seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 8 kg/mu, 6 kg/mu and 5 kg/mu in the rising stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage respectively, watering, and watering in grouting stage; wherein, N is P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The ratio of O is 15:6: 8;
(4) production and utilization: and (4) cutting at the tillering stage, keeping stubbles for 5cm after cutting, and then harvesting the whole wheat at the milk maturity stage to prepare silage.
Comparative example 1
A method for planting forage wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer on the land with the application amount of 8 kg/mu and 7 kg/mu respectively, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation with the rotary tillage depth of 15 cm;
(2) sowing: sowing late-maturing winter wheat with a sowing amount of 10kg per mu in the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months every year, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 25cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, nitrogen fertilizer is applied along with the seeds in the sowing process, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 9 kg/mu, and the sowing is carried out by watering;
(3) field management: watering in seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 8 kg/mu, 6 kg/mu and 5 kg/mu in the rising stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage respectively, watering, and watering in grouting stage; wherein, N is P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The ratio of O is 15:6: 8;
(4) production and utilization: and (4) cutting at the early stage of tillering, keeping stubbles for 7 cm after cutting, and then harvesting the whole wheat at the milk maturity stage to prepare silage.
Comparative example 2
A method for planting forage wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the land, wherein the application rates are 8 kg/mu, 7 kg/mu and 1200 kg/mu respectively, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
wherein, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer is as follows: the preparation method comprises the following steps of taking sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw slag, corn straw slag and vinasse, wherein the mass ratio of the sheep manure to the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse is 3:14:7:6:7, adding water into the sheep manure, the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, uniformly mixing the sheep manure, the chicken manure, the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, adjusting the water content to 60%, carrying out sealed fermentation for 8 days at the temperature of 75 ℃;
(2) sowing: sowing the medium-maturing winter wheat in a row with a sowing amount of 15kg per mu in the last 9 to 10 months every year, wherein the row spacing of the row sowing is 20cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, nitrogen fertilizer is applied along with the seeds in the sowing process, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 14 kg/mu, and the rice is watered after sowing;
(3) field management: watering in seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 9 kg/mu, 8 kg/mu and 7 kg/mu in the rising stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage respectively, watering, and watering in grouting stage; wherein, N is P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The ratio of O is 15:6: 8;
(4) production and utilization: and (4) cutting at the tillering stage, keeping stubbles for 7 cm after cutting, and then harvesting the whole wheat at the waxy stage to prepare silage.
Comparative example 3
A method for planting forage wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading an organic fertilizer on the land with the application amount of 1200 kg/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation with the rotary tillage depth of 15 cm;
wherein, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer is as follows: the preparation method comprises the following steps of taking sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw slag, corn straw slag and vinasse, wherein the mass ratio of the sheep manure to the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse is 3:8:7:12:7, adding water into the sheep manure, the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, uniformly mixing the sheep manure, the chicken manure, the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, adjusting the water content to 60%, carrying out sealed fermentation for 8 days at the temperature of 75 ℃;
(2) sowing: sowing late-maturing winter wheat with a sowing amount of 10kg per mu in the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months every year, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 25cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, nitrogen fertilizer is applied along with the seeds in the sowing process, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 9 kg/mu, and the sowing is carried out by watering;
(3) field management: watering in seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 8 kg/mu, 6 kg/mu and 5 kg/mu in the rising stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage respectively, watering, and watering in grouting stage; wherein, N is P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The ratio of O is 12:9: 12;
(4) production and utilization: and (4) cutting at the later stage of tillering, keeping 12 cm of stubbles after cutting, and then harvesting the whole wheat at the milk maturity stage to prepare silage.
Comparative example 4
A method for planting forage wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the land, wherein the application rates are 5 kg/mu, 5 kg/mu and 700 kg/mu respectively, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 10 cm;
wherein, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer is as follows: the preparation method comprises the following steps of taking sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw slag, corn straw slag and vinasse, wherein the mass ratio of the sheep manure to the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse is 3:8:7:12:7, adding water into the sheep manure, the chicken manure to the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, uniformly mixing the sheep manure, the chicken manure, the soybean straw slag to the corn straw slag to the vinasse, adjusting the water content to 60%, carrying out sealed fermentation for 8 days at the temperature of 75 ℃;
(2) sowing: sowing late-maturing winter wheat with a sowing amount of 10kg per mu in the last ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months every year, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 25cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, nitrogen fertilizer is applied along with the seeds in the sowing process, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 9 kg/mu, and the sowing is carried out by watering;
(3) field management: watering in seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 8 kg/mu, 6 kg/mu and 5 kg/mu in the rising stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage respectively, watering, and watering in grouting stage; wherein, N is P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The ratio of O is 15:6: 8;
(4) production and utilization: and (4) cutting at the early stage of tillering, keeping stubbles for 3cm after cutting, and then harvesting the whole wheat at the waxy stage to prepare silage.
Comparative example 5
A method for planting forage wheat comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the land, wherein the application rates are 8 kg/mu, 7 kg/mu and 1200 kg/mu respectively, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 15 cm;
wherein, the preparation process of the organic fertilizer is as follows: taking chicken manure, corn straw slag and vinasse in a mass ratio of 8:12:7, adding water into the chicken manure, the corn straw slag and the vinasse, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to be 60%, then carrying out sealed fermentation for 8 days at 75 ℃, and continuing carrying out open fermentation for 5 days at 55 ℃ to obtain the feed additive;
(2) sowing: sowing late-maturing winter wheat in a row with a sowing amount of 9kg per mu in the last 9 th to last 10 th of each year, wherein the row spacing of row sowing is 28cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, nitrogen fertilizer is applied along with the seeds in the sowing process, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 9 kg/mu, and the sowing is carried out;
(3) field management: watering in seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 8 kg/mu, 6 kg/mu and 5 kg/mu in the rising stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage respectively, watering, and watering in grouting stage; wherein, N is P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The ratio of O is 15:6: 8;
(4) production and utilization: and (4) cutting at the tillering stage, keeping stubbles for 7 cm after cutting, and then harvesting the whole wheat at the milk maturity stage to prepare silage.
Test examples
Selecting a land, evenly cutting the land into 8 blocks with each block being 3 mu, then respectively planting the winter wheat on the 8 blocks of land according to the methods in the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5, calculating and counting the yield of the fresh grass after the first cutting and the yield of the whole-plant winter wheat after the second cutting, then preparing silage from the winter wheat after the second cutting by using the same method, and detecting the content of nutrient substances in the silage, wherein the specific result is shown in the table I and the table II.
Table one: fresh grass output scale
From the above table, it is known that after the winter wheat is planted according to the planting method in the embodiment 1-3, the growth vigor of the winter wheat is good, and after the first mowing and the second mowing, the acre yield of the fresh grass is higher than that of the fresh grass in the comparative examples 1-5; according to the data in the comparative example 1, the application of the organic fertilizer plays a great role in the growth of the winter wheat, and the organic fertilizer is proved to improve the growth vigor of the winter wheat and the yield of fresh grass harvested by sequential mowing and secondary mowing; according to the data in the comparative example 2, the sowing quantity and the variety of winter wheat also have influence on the yield of the mown fresh grass, the sowing quantity is large, nutrition competition exists in the underground part of the wheat plant, the growth and development of the wheat are influenced, the variety of the wheat is changed, after once mow, the buffering capacity of the wheat is weakened, the growth of the following wheat is seriously influenced, and the yield of the secondarily mown fresh grass is low; the data in the comparative example 3 show that the nutritional ingredients of the wheat in the rising period, the jointing period and the booting period are not coordinated, and the nutrition supplement is insufficient, so that the yield of the mown fresh grass is reduced; according to the data in the comparative example 4, in the rotary tillage process, the fertilizer application amount is insufficient, the rotary tillage depth is too low, although the nutrition in the early growth stage is sufficient, the fresh grass yield is high, but the nutrition supply required by the wheat in the later growth stage is insufficient, so that the fresh grass yield is reduced; according to the data in the comparative example 5, the content of the nutrient components in the fertilizer is changed after the components in the organic fertilizer are changed, so that the yield of the fresh grass is slightly reduced.
Table two: table of nutrient contents in silage
As can be seen from the data in the table above, the silage obtained by the planting method in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present application has a low pH value, high content of nutrients in the silage, and more balanced nutrition; the content of the nutrient components in comparative examples 1 to 5 is lower than that of the nutrient substances in examples 1 to 3, and the types, the fertilizing amount, the mowing time and the like of the fertilizers applied in the planting process are proved to influence the quality of the finally obtained silage.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting forage wheat is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: spreading phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the land, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil preparation;
(2) sowing: sowing with the sowing amount of 8-12kg per mu, applying nitrogen fertilizer along with the seeds, and watering after sowing;
(3) field management: watering at seedling stage, topdressing compound fertilizer and watering at rising stage, jointing stage and booting stage, respectively, and watering at grouting stage;
(4) production and utilization: cutting at the tillering stage, leaving stubble 5-10 cm after cutting, and harvesting whole wheat at the milk stage to obtain silage.
2. The method for planting forage wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are applied in the step (1) at the application rates of 7-10 kg/mu, 6-9 kg/mu and 800-1200 kg/mu, respectively.
3. The method for growing forage wheat according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the rotary tillage in step (1) is 13-15 cm.
4. The method for planting forage wheat according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the organic fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following steps: mixing sheep manure, chicken manure, soybean straw residue, corn straw residue and distiller's grains with water, adjusting water content to 58-63%, fermenting at 70-80 deg.C for 6-8 days under sealed condition, and fermenting at 50-60 deg.C for 4-5 days to obtain the final product.
5. The planting method of feeding wheat as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the sheep manure, the chicken manure, the soybean straw slag, the corn straw slag and the vinasse in the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is 2-5:8-12:6-9:8-15: 5-8.
6. The method for planting feeding wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing time in step (2) is from 9 to 10 months of the year, the row spacing of the drill is 20-30cm, and the sowing depth is 1-2 cm.
7. The method for growing fodder wheat of claim 1 wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in step (2) at an amount of 7-10 kg/acre.
8. The method for growing fodder wheat of claim 1 wherein the wheat variety sown in step (2) is late-maturing wheat.
9. The method for planting forage wheat according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the compound fertilizer in the rising period, the jointing period and the booting period in the step (3) is 6-8 kg/mu, 5-7 kg/mu and 4-6 kg/mu respectively.
10. The method for growing forage wheat according to claim 9, wherein the N: P in the compound fertilizer in step (3) is2O5:K2The ratio of O is 13-17:5-8: 7-10.
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| CN115486349A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-12-20 | 北京国垦节水科技有限公司 | Wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting |
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