CN103548554A - Method for using winter wheat as both food and feed - Google Patents
Method for using winter wheat as both food and feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103548554A CN103548554A CN201310604494.XA CN201310604494A CN103548554A CN 103548554 A CN103548554 A CN 103548554A CN 201310604494 A CN201310604494 A CN 201310604494A CN 103548554 A CN103548554 A CN 103548554A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for using winter wheat in the vegetative period as both food and feed. The method is as follows: when the tiller number of a single plant of winter wheat reaches 5 to 6 in the wintering period, the part, which is 3 centimeters away from the ground, of the winter wheat, is harvested in a mowing manner or eaten by a lamb in grazing. Compared with the prior art that single grain production is taken as the purpose in the winter wheat planting mode, the method has more economic benefits; related experiments show that after the method is adopted, under the condition of using the winter wheat as both the food and the feed, the economic benefits are far more than those of the prior art, the income can be increased under the premise that the yield of the winter wheat is not reduced or hardly reduced, and the increased income mainly comes from the income of weight increment of domestic animals that eat the winter wheat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plantation and the application technology of a Plants, specifically the present invention relates to the method that the grain of winter wheat within vegetative growth phase is raised dual-purpose.
Background technology
With the fast development of China's livestock breeding and the adjustment optimization of aquaculture interior, livestock breeding is produced to be increased year by year to the demand of grass product, within 2010, Chinese commodity grass output is approximately 1,200 ten thousand tons, and breach reaches more than 800 ten thousand tons, in addition in recent years prohibit herd not herd, pastoral area settles down engineering and causes captive livestock to increase, the fodder grass breach of China will increase year by year.Meanwhile, the seasonal fluctuations of green forage supply and the contradiction between the stability of domestic animal demand will strengthen the fodder grass breach of China, and the development of Future in China livestock breeding also will run into a unprecedented difficult problem.Filling up green forage breach is one of animal husbandry development problem anxious to be resolved.
Winter wheat is the cereal crops that northern China is generally planted, and generally in mid or late September to early October, sows, and next year is ripe to mid or late June by the end of May, and winter wheat wheat straw after results can be used as fuel or paper making raw material or feed.The economic benefit of winter wheat is to realize by the wheat straw after results seed and results now.The economic benefit that how further to improve winter wheat is also to need one of problem solving.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the grain of a kind of winter wheat within vegetative growth phase and raise the method for dual-purpose.
The method that winter wheat grain of the present invention is raised dual-purpose is: when winter wheat during Wintering Period individual plant tiller number reaches 5～6, to winter wheat, apart from ground, 3 centimetres of above parts cradle results or herd and middlely for sheep, search for food lamb.The result of the test that the present invention is relevant shows: when during Wintering Period winter wheat individual plant tiller number reaches 5～6, if can cradle results or herd and search for food for lamb the above part in 3 centimetres, ground when growth has good condition of raining in season, and the less condition of precipitation is next to apart from ground, 6 centimetres of above parts cradle results or herd lamb and middlely search for food for sheep, relatively little on grain yield impact.
The winter wheat variety that the method that winter wheat grain of the present invention is raised dual-purpose adopts is preferably selected middle-late ripening variety, particularly the late-maturing winter wheat variety of long breeding time.Relevant test shows, cradles the grain yield of medium variety is had to negative influence, but and late variety grain yield and grain number per spike are had to facilitation.Therefore the present invention recommends late variety winter wheat as grain, to raise the kind of dual-purpose.
Winter wheat grain of the present invention is raised in the method for dual-purpose, after winter wheat survives the winter next year the shooting stage Nitrogen Top Dressing after turning green, like this can be because of the Yield Reduction of Winter Wheat cradling or feed intake utilization causes.If the shooting stage of next year after turning green is by being equal to or greater than 60 kg N/hm after winter wheat survives the winter
2amount impose nitrogen, can alleviate more significantly grain and raise the seed underproduction under dual-purpose.
The present invention produces and has better economic benefit for the winter wheat cropping pattern of object compared with the single seed of prior art, relevant test shows to adopt method of the present invention to raise economic benefit under dual-purpose much larger than prior art at grain, it increases income and is mainly derived from whole Animal liveweight gain incomes, by market live body sheep price (25 yuan of kg), calculate, winter wheat grain is raised dual-purpose can increase income 1500 yuan/hm
2, result of study shows, the present invention produces and has better economic benefit for the winter wheat cropping pattern of object compared with the single seed of prior art.
accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is processed lower gaining in weight of lamb for different pasture and is contrasted.
Embodiment
The present invention is elaborated in conjunction with following 5 relevant tests.
embodiment 1: kind is selected
For examination material be conventional 4 the ripe property of difference in Qingyang District, Gansu Province area winter wheat (
triticum aestivum) kind, be respectively in the peaceful wheat of ripe type No. 5 (274 days breeding times), Gansu Province educate No. 4 (270-274 days) and (280 days) are educated in No. 27, late-maturing type Xifeng (283 days), Gansu Province No. 1.In 2011 school district, Nian Lanzhou University Yuzhong intelligent greenhouses, carry out constant temperature cultivation, and tillering stage, wheat is carried out to flush with ground and cradle processing.Experimental result shows: cradle rear medium variety a single plant's output and all decline, peaceful wheat No. 5, Gansu Province are educated a single plant's output of No. 4 and do not cradled and reduce successively by 16.7 g/m
2, 8.2 g/m
2, late variety Xifeng increases by 3.3 g/m No. 27
2, Gansu Province is educated No. 1 has significantly increased by 25 g/m
2.From grain number per spike, the grain number per spike of No. 4 is educated in the peaceful wheat of medium variety No. 5, Gansu Province increases respectively 1 and 2; Late variety Gansu Province is educated No. 1 significantly increases by 5 (table 1).As can be seen here, the grain yield that the wheat breed of different bearing characteristic cradles after processing differs greatly, and cradles the grain yield of medium variety is had to negative influence, and late variety grain yield and grain number per spike are had to facilitation.Compared with medium variety, late-maturing characteristic kind winter wheat is more suitable for grain and raises dual-purpose, should preferentially select the late-maturing winter wheat variety of long breeding time to raise dual-purpose for grain in actual production.
embodiment 2: utilize the time
In rain-fed agriculture region, loess plateau, Qingyang, not cradle as contrast, in winter wheat growth season in 2009 and 2010, late-maturing type winter wheat ' educate No. 2 in Gansu Province ' is implemented the processing that cradles of flush with ground level.Result of the test shows: belong to wet season (growth season rainfall 406 mm) in winter wheat growth season in 2009, when during Wintering Period individual plant tiller number reaches 5 ~ 6 (mid-term in tillering stage) cradle and utilize winter wheat can gather in the crops wheat green hay 1.31 ~ 1.38 t/hm
2, grain yield does not more cradle the only underproduction 17% of wheat simultaneously, and it is less that grain yield formation does not more cradle wheat difference; When individual plant tiller number reaches 9 and cradle thereafter utilization, although can gather in the crops more than 60% green hay, seed does not more cradle wheat significantly to be reduced more, and grain yield forms and more do not cradle wheat and all significantly decline.Growth in 2010 belongs to and owes water year (growth season rainfall 197 mm) season, when individual plant tiller number reaches 5 ~ 6 (mid-term in tillering stage) cradle and utilize winter wheat still can gather in the crops wheat green hay 1.01 ~ 1.25 t/hm
2, but seed amount does not more cradle the remarkable underproduction of wheat more than 31%; And individual plant tiller number is while reaching 9 and cradle thereafter utilization, the seed underproduction is up to more than 78% (table 2).Therefore, winter wheat is suitable to carry out grain to raise the most in good time phase of dual-purpose is individual plant tiller number while reaching 5 ~ 6, and the seed underproduction phenomenon of high flow year is obviously less than and owes water year.
embodiment 3: cradle stubble height
Example 2 has proved and has cradled the feasibility of utilizing winter wheat middle of tillering, although flush with ground cradles the maximization that has guaranteed forage yield, but potential seed underproduction phenomenon not yet solves, can maintain the grain yield cradling after utilization is the key that spread grain is raised dual-purpose measure, and this embodiment is raised grain yield dual-purpose under by improving stubble height to guarantee grain by attempting.In rain-fed agriculture region, loess plateau, Qingyang, take and do not cradle wheat as contrast, late-maturing type winter wheat ' educate No. 2 in Gansu Province ' is implemented to flush with ground level (2009 and 2010), toothing 3 cm(2010 and 2011 when during Wintering Period individual plant tiller number reaches 5 ~ 6) and toothing 6 cm(2010) cradle processing.Research shows: if flush with ground level cradles, process to obtain maximum forage yield, within 2010, owe water season the amount of the green forage that (growth season rainfall 197 mm) can gather in the crops at 1.0 t/hm
2left and right, and the grain yield underproduction is more than 30%, and main cause is the minimizing of unit are spike number; Wet season in 2009 (growth season rainfall 406 mm) can be gathered in the crops 1.4 t/hm
2green forage, and seed did not more cradle and contrasted the still underproduction 14% harvest time, the reason of the underproduction is the minimizing of unit are spike number and the minimizing of grain number per spike; If stubble height is increased to 3 about cm, within 2010, owe water season the amount of the green forage that (growth season rainfall 197 mm) can gather in the crops at 0.6 t/hm
2left and right, and the grain yield underproduction 31%, the main cause of the underproduction is that unit are spike number reduces, and the amount of the green forage that 2011 wet seasons (growth season rainfall 317 mm) can be gathered in the crops is at 1.6 t/hm
2left and right, and grain yield more do not cradle contrast volume increase 24%, and the reason of volume increase is that unit are spike number significantly increases; If will cradle stubble height, be increased to 6 cm, although the water condition of owing of 2010 is unsuitable for cradling utilization, its grain yield contrasts the not underproduction, and the forage yield that can gather in the crops is only 0.19 t/hm
2(table 3).Therefore, it is too low that flush with ground cradles the toothing of level, affected the percentage of earbearing tiller in maturing stage, and wet season moisture condition well also can cause the seed underproduction; Cradle toothing 6 cm and can guarantee under drought condition that grain raises dual-purpose and also do not affect its seed and produce, but available forage grass resource is very few; Cradle toothing 3 cm and be that balance forage grass produces and the best stubble height that cradles of seed production, can guarantee that wet season winter wheat grain raises the stable of grain yield under dual-purpose, at rainfall, lower than time of 300 mm, can further improve stubble height and produce to guarantee its seed.
embodiment 4: chase after nitrogen and process
In rain-fed agriculture region, loess plateau, Qingyang, take and do not cradle wheat as contrast, in 2009 (growth season rainfall 406 mm), late-maturing type winter wheat ' educate No. 2 in Gansu Province ' is implemented to flush with ground level when during Wintering Period individual plant tiller number reaches 5 ~ 6 and cradles processing, and after next year, turn green after the shooting stage do not chase after nitrogen, impose 60 kg N/hm
2nitrogen and impose 120 kg N/hm
2three of nitrogen impose nitrogen and process.Result of study shows, does not chase after nitrogen processing and more do not cradle the remarkable underproduction 31% of contrast after cradling; The 60 kg N/hm although topdress after cradling
2grain yield under processing does not more cradle processes the remarkable underproduction 21%, but do not topdress after cradling, does not process significantly volume increase 0.6 t/hm of winter wheat
2, nitrogen utilization efficiency is higher; 120 kg N/hm topdress after cradling
2under processing, after cradling, do not topdress and process significantly volume increase 0.8 t/hm of winter wheat
2, nitrogen utilization efficiency lower (table 4).This research shows, cradle utilization and can cause winter wheat regenerative growth to present nitrogen to wane, easily cause the seed underproduction, and the shooting stage imposes nitrogen, can obviously alleviate grain and raise the seed underproduction under dual-purpose, improve grain and raise grain yield and the nitrogen utilization efficiency under dual-purpose, amount of nitrogen is with 60 kg N/hm
2for the best.
embodiment 5: lamb is herded
In rain-fed agriculture region, loess plateau, Qingyang, take and do not herd wheat as contrast, in 2011 (growth season rainfall 318 mm), late-maturing type winter wheat ' educate No. 2 in Gansu Province ' is implemented to lamb and herd processing.Using 5 lambs (30 kg left and right) of corn field (pattern is herded in locality) after free choice feeding mechanical harvesting as lamb contrast, 5 lambs that winter wheat is herded processing, 0.1 hm that continues to search for food when during Wintering Period individual plant tiller number reaches 5 ~ 6
2winter wheat stops herding (toothing is about 3 cm) after 16 days, herd rear lamb hair color and growing way and be all better than control group lamb, the average live body weightening finish of Mu Houdanzhi sheep unit increases by 1.2 kg compared with control group, referring to Fig. 1, be can make gaining in weight of lamb 60 kg after unit hectare wheat is herded, harvest time, Grain Yield in Winter Wheat was with not herding Grain Yield in Winter Wheat consistent (table 5) simultaneously.In this research, although this precipitation during growing season is less, it is not enough that wheat under two groups of processing all shows obvious grouting, grain number per spike and grain yield are starkly lower than all the other each test year borders, but grazing intensity is in zone of reasonableness, the grain yield of winter wheat under herding is substantially constant, and grain is raised economy under dual-purpose and increased income and be mainly derived from whole Animal liveweight gain incomes, by market live body sheep price (25 yuan of kg), calculate, winter wheat grain is raised dual-purpose can increase income 1500 yuan/hm
2(25 * 60).Result of study shows, compared with the single seed production of prior art, is the winter wheat cropping pattern of object, even on the poor year border of moisture condition, if cradle or herd the control that the intensity of utilization obtains science, grain is raised dual-purpose production model can significantly increase income 1500 yuan/hm
2.
By the known employing the present invention of above test, can greatly improve the benefit of winter wheat plantation, but should pay special attention to when application is of the present invention, after winter wheat jointing, should stop its cradling or herding, otherwise can cause the underproduction or more serious loss.
Claims (4)
1. winter wheat grain is raised the method for dual-purpose, it is characterized in that when during Wintering Period individual plant tiller number reaches 5 ~ 6 3～6 centimetres of above parts cradle results or herd and middlely for sheep, search for food lamb apart from ground to winter wheat.
2. winter wheat grain according to claim 1 is raised the method for dual-purpose, and the winter wheat described in it is characterized in that is selected middle-late ripening variety.
3. winter wheat grain according to claim 2 is raised the method for dual-purpose, it is characterized in that winter wheat should select the late-maturing winter wheat variety of long breeding time.
4. according to the arbitrary winter wheat grain described in claims 1 to 3, raise the method for dual-purpose, it is characterized in that shooting stage winter wheat is by being equal to or greater than 60 kg N/hm
2amount impose nitrogen.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108617417A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-10-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | The identification method of Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, China forage grass type wheat breed/strain |
| CN110810175A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-21 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | Double-harvesting method for winter barley grains and green seedlings |
| CN111492910A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Method for planting feeding wheat |
| CN113728888A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-03 | 兰州大学 | Grain and grass composite planting method for alfalfa intercropping wheat and corn |
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| CN101444169A (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-06-03 | 西南大学 | Method for mixedly sowing annual ryegrass and perennial grass |
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| CN101444169A (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2009-06-03 | 西南大学 | Method for mixedly sowing annual ryegrass and perennial grass |
| WO2013058668A1 (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-04-25 | Baterina Christopher Abraham R | A method of feeding ruminants and herbivores thru the efficient production of more nutritious and digestible roughage without using soil or any growing medium |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108617417A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-10-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | The identification method of Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, China forage grass type wheat breed/strain |
| CN110810175A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-21 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | Double-harvesting method for winter barley grains and green seedlings |
| CN111492910A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Method for planting feeding wheat |
| CN113728888A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-03 | 兰州大学 | Grain and grass composite planting method for alfalfa intercropping wheat and corn |
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Application publication date: 20140205 |