CN108633633A - A kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping - Google Patents

A kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108633633A
CN108633633A CN201810223344.7A CN201810223344A CN108633633A CN 108633633 A CN108633633 A CN 108633633A CN 201810223344 A CN201810223344 A CN 201810223344A CN 108633633 A CN108633633 A CN 108633633A
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wheat straw
green wheat
highland barley
chinese ilex
green
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谭海运
谭大明
高雪
普布贵吉
索朗措姆
彭君
金涛
尼玛扎西
田波
刘国
刘国一
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Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Of Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences
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Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Of Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences
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Publication of CN108633633A publication Critical patent/CN108633633A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping.Including:Plot grade after being harvested to Chinese ilex highland barley retains and conserve soil moisture and applies base fertilizer;Mid or late July to early August sows green wheat straw, can unicast or mixed seeding;When harvesting seed, mu application rate is 12.0~14.0kg;When harvesting forage grass, mu application rate is 14.0~16.0kg;It irrigates, was filled every 15 days permeable 1 time, green wheat straw cradles rear timely Nitrogen Top Dressing every time, per acre 5~10kg immediately after Chinese ilex highland barley harvest;Pesticide is spread fertilizer over the fields before the sowing of green wheat straw and after emergence;Ear to milk stage in green wheat straw and is harvested;It gathered in time when the kind fringe in full field 70% turns yellowish-white, transport solarization, threshing and collection.Idle plot after this method makes full use of Chinese ilex highland barley to harvest is promoted farmland substance cycle, is improved forage yield and land utilization ratio, increased income to local peasants and herdsmen, improve the ecological environment and be all of great significance by the green wheat straw of multiple cropping.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field more particularly to a kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping.
Background technology
Highland barley is the staple food crop in Tibet, is the important foundation of Ensuring Food Safety.It can be divided into the spring by sowing season Highland barley and Chinese ilex highland barley, spring highland barley are mainly distributed on the river valley agriculture district of height above sea level 3600m or more, are sowed April, September part harvest;Winter Highland barley is distributed in the mountain areas below height above sea level 3600m, upper level and river valley area, is sowed October, and next year, August just harvested by the end of July.
The Chinese ilex highland barley growing area in Tibet has the natural conditions that temperature is higher, hydrothermal resources are preferable, frost-free period is grown, but just heat For amount condition, plant growth deficiency in two seasons of one year, the situation that a season has a surplus are formd.Therefore, after general Chinese ilex highland barley harvest, still There are 2~3 months or so heat conditions to remain to meet some herbages, forage crop growth.
Although there is the custom of the crops such as multiple cropping circle root, buckwheat, intensive shadow on lung in above-mentioned area, area is little, extensive management, production Amount is not high, and resources supplIes are not utilized well.Green wheat straw is a kind for rye, has cold-resistant, fast-growing, nutriture value It is worth high feature, 2~3 months growth phases, up to 1.65 meters of height, green forage yield is averaged 2000kg.However, for Chinese ilex The research of the green wheat straw technology of highland barley multiple cropping is still incomplete, does not form ripe technological means.
Invention content
In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping, main purpose is Solve the problems, such as that Chinese ilex highland barley cannot the green wheat straw of efficient multiple cropping.
In order to achieve the above objectives, invention broadly provides following technical solutions:
On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping, the method includes Following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilising:It ploughs deeply pine rake, crush soil block, grade, water storage in idle plot after being harvested to Chinese ilex highland barley Soil moisture conservation and application base fertilizer;
(2) sowing time:Green wheat straw autumn sowing is set to mid or late July to early August;
(3) green wheat straw seed and sowing:Careless unicast or mixed seeding are received in the unicast of green wheat straw seed-breeding field;Drill spacing, seed-breeding field Suitable wide 35~40cm receives careless field preferably narrow 20~30cm;Sowing mu broadcasts 12.0~14.0kg, receives careless mu and broadcasts 14.0~16.0kg;With When forage grass mixed seeding, the perennial green wheat straw in meadow based on herding accounts for 50~60%;The perennial green wheat in meadow based on mowing Grass accounts for 60~70%, 2~3cm of depth of planting;
(4) application rate:12.0~14.0kg of application rate per acre;Make the forage grass used time, application rate is 14.0~16.0kg per acre;
(5) field management:
A. it pours water:It is irrigated immediately after Chinese ilex highland barley harvest, but water cannot cover ground, filled permeable 1 time, prevent every 15 days or so It is dried up after only emerging, rainy season should drain flooded fields in time, and timely after-culture of being short of seedling is found when seedling management;
B. it applies fertilizer:Green wheat straw cradles rear timely Nitrogen Top Dressing every time, per acre 5~10kg;If acid soil, phosphorus is increased Fertilizer, per acre 10~15kg;
C. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Green wheat straw sowing before and emergence after with metrifonate or hundred trees directly spread after the sun sets It applies;
(6) harvesting utilization:Ear to milk stage in green wheat straw and is harvested;Grass is herded to be received in 15~20cm of plant height It obtains;The green wheat straw height for the stubble left is not less than 7cm;It gathered in time when the kind fringe in full field 70% turns yellowish-white, transport solarization, threshing and collection.
Preferably, the site preparation is with fertilising step, application 1000~1500kg of organic fertilizer or application are compound per acre 25~30kg of chemical fertilizer.
Preferably, in the pest control procedures, the metrifonate is diluted by 200 times, 200~300g/ mus;It is described Hundred trees diluted by 500 times, 100 milliliters/female.
Preferably, extremely frigid zones of the planting site of the Chinese ilex highland barley in height above sea level 2600m~4500m, herein regional multiple cropping Green wheat straw.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
Implantation methods proposed by the present invention can make full use of the idle plot after Chinese ilex highland barley harvest, pass through the green wheat of multiple cropping Grass promotes farmland substance cycle, improves forage yield and land utilization ratio, increase income, improved the ecological environment all to local peasants and herdsmen It is of great significance.
Specific implementation mode
For further illustrate the present invention to reach the technological means and effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taken, below with compared with Specific implementation mode, technical solution, feature and its effect applied according to the present invention is described in detail as after in good embodiment.Under State it is bright in multiple embodiments in special characteristic, structure or feature can be combined by any suitable form.
Embodiment 1
(1) site preparation and fertilising:Green wheat straw seed is small, and seedling is very thin, and the native power in top is weak, and green wheat straw planting site will plough deeply loose rake, Soil block is crushed, grade is retained and conserved soil moisture, and keeps soil defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, and good soil conditions are created for green wheat straw seed sprouting. In conjunction with turning over, base fertilizer is used sufficient depending on soil fertility situation.Generally per acre 1000~1500kg of organic fertilizer material or composite chemical fertilizer 25~ 30kg;
(2) sowing time:The weather of green wheat straw happiness warm and moist, green 13 DEG C of wheat straw germination optimum period temperature or more, seedling It can preferably be grown at 10 DEG C or more.Therefore, the sowing time of green wheat straw is longer, not only can autumn sowing, but also can sow in spring.Green wheat straw autumn sowing Generally in mid or late July to early August, preceding crop is mainly seen.If special feed, can be with early sowing, so as to abundant profit With 9, favo(u)rable weather in October, make great efforts to improve green wheat straw yield;
(3) green wheat straw seed and sowing:I grade of seed of state-set standard is sowed in green wheat straw seed-breeding field, is received careless field and is sowed state Family's I~III grade of seed of required standard.Seed that is either self-produced or buying need to all detect quality before broadcasting, and determine grade Not, actual sowing rate is calculated.Spring, summer, autumn can be sowed, and can be determined according to local actual conditions, the green general sowing of wheat straw It can sow in the fall, convenient for turning over kind of an other crops after next year sowing.The unicast of green wheat straw seed-breeding field, receive grass can unicast, can mixed seeding. Drill spacing, seed-breeding field is preferably 35~40 centimetres wide, and it is preferably 20~30 centimetres narrow to receive careless field.Shattering is uniform when sowing.Earthing is deep It is shallow consistent, in order to avoid influence emergence.Sowing mu broadcasts 12.0~14.0kg, receives careless mu and broadcasts 14.0~16.0kg.With clover, arrow tongue pea The forage grasses sowing time such as beans, Bromus inermis is different regarding grassland utilization purpose, herd based on the perennial green wheat straw in meadow account for 50~ 60%.The perennial green wheat straw in meadow based on mowing, which accounts for 60~70%, to be advisable.2~3 centimetres of depth of planting;
(4) application rate:In certain areal extent, application rate is few, and ontogeny is preferable.But rational close planting, can be abundant The population of individuals productive potentialities for playing green wheat straw, can just increase the yield per unit area.Application rate 15kg optimums per acre.Production On, specific application rate should be depending on sowing time, edaphic condition, seed quality, planting percent, plantation purpose etc..General autumn sowing Reserve seed for planting field, to have per acre 35~400,000 or so Basic Seedling, about need to broadcast 13kg or so, be used as forage grass, and need improve early period When yield, can multicast some, 16kg per acre;
(5) field management:
1, it pours water:Irrigated immediately after Chinese ilex highland barley harvest, but water cannot cover ground, before the seeding stage to tiller it is important to note that Soil moisture is kept, filled every 15 days or so permeable 1 time, is dried up after preventing emergence.Rainy season should then make full use of field surrounding Gutter is drained flooded fields, and avoids causing weak seedling or dead seedling.Seedling stage precision management finds instant after-culture of being short of seedling;
2, it applies fertilizer:Green wheat straw meets rain before after planting emerging, upper soll layer forms hardening layer, it should be noted that abolishes in time hardened Layer is emerged with profit, saves seedling from damage.Green wheat straw Seedling Stage wants timely weeding, and attention control insect pest.Due to well developed root system, tiller is more, Regeneration is fast, and green wheat straw wants timely Nitrogen Top Dressing after cradling every time, per acre 5~10kg.If acid soil, can increasing the p application rate per acre 10~15kg;
3, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Most heavy to the harm of green wheat straw is subterranean pest-insect (cutworm), it bites herbage seedling root, Large area dead seedling is often resulted in, the life habit that can be hidden by day and come out at night according to cutworm (is pressed with after emergence with metrifonate prior to seeding 200 times dilution, 200~300 grams/acre), hundred trees (by 500 times dilution, 100 milliliters/mu) etc. pesticides after the sun sets directly It spreads fertilizer over the fields;
(6) harvesting utilization:Green wheat straw is harvested preferably to carry out in heading to milk stage;It herds preferably in 15~20 centimetres of plant height It carries out.It either herds or mows, the green wheat straw height for the stubble left must not be less than 7 centimetres, and excessively high formation herbage waste, too low influence is herded Careless regrowth.It, can be by cradling or putting when inhibiting leguminous forage growth when perennial green wheat straw growth occur too fast for mixed sward It herds and is inhibited, to protect the normal growth of leguminous forage;Since perennial green wheat straw heading is irregular, seed maturity priority is not Unanimously, it is subject to voluntarily threshability height, should be in time gathered in when the kind fringe in full field 70% turns yellowish-white, fortune is shone, threshing, collection;To prolong The utilization periods on long meadow will especially pay attention to timely and appropriate discovery irrigation fertilization in management.
The present invention makes full use of the photo-thermal land resource after Chinese ilex highland barley harvest in production, left in height above sea level 2600m~4500m Right extremely frigid zones carry out the green wheat straw of general planting, and stalk is high and tough and tensile, and vine yield is high, and quality is good, albumen in dry matter Matter content reaches 13%~19%, is the excellent forage grass of domestic animal.The green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping, on the basis for stablizing grain yield The upper more forage development animal husbandry in agricultural area of production provide opportunity, can solve the problems, such as that feed lacks to a certain extent, can Fundamentally solution people and animals strive grain, ground contradiction is striven in grain feeding, are advantageously implemented Sustainable Agricultural Development In Tibet.
Economic benefit:The cropping pattern being harvested for one time each year can be transformed into " one grass of a grain " by the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping, both Grain-production is not influenced, and enriches the type of fodder grass, high quality grass is provided for the development of animal husbandry in agricultural area, is had good Economic benefit.Crude protein, crude fat, the crude ash content of green wheat straw are significantly higher than the graminous pasture of local plantation, especially Crude protein content is the best cultivation that high-quality green forage, green hay and grass meal are produced in graminous pasture close to leguminous forage Grass seeds is trained, there is extensive popularizing application prospect.Through measuring and calculating, the green wheat straw plantation 0.07 hectare of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping can produce hay 180kg More than, based on every sheep daily amount of pasturing 1kg, one season of multiple cropping the Herbage harvest of green wheat straw can support 0.5 sheep, 1 sheep presses 1200 yuan It calculates, 600 yuan of direct economic benefit can be generated.
Social benefit:The green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping under the premise of not influencing grain-production, can reasonable arrangement crops for rotation, Improve soil texture, raises the multiple-cropping index, realize the sustainable development of agricultural production.It can increase forage grass source simultaneously, be agriculture district Animal husbandry development provides high-quality feed, promotes the sound development of animal husbandry, has positive facilitation to increasing farmers' income.
Environmental benefit:The green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping extends the green cover time in soil, effectively contained wind erosion and Water erosion, while forage grass stubble is left to falling leaves in soil, residual branch, root stubble increase the soil organism, the organic acid of root system secretion The phosphorus element for being difficult to dissolve in soil can be dissolved, the validity of soil nutrient is improved, environmental benefit is apparent.
Tibet relies primarily on natural meadow and carries out Livestock production as one of five big pastoral area of China.Due to natural grass Ground area is huge and construction fund wretched insufficiency, causes the production capacity on unit area meadow to continue to decline, domestic animal Winter-Spring forage grass The problems such as laying in wretched insufficiency, directly constrains the sustainable development of local animal husbandry.Research and extension agriculture district Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping Green wheat straw planting technology pushes animal husbandry in agricultural area development, remaining after agriculture district soil free time and Chinese ilex highland barley can be made full use of to plant Thermal resource is conducive to water and soil conservation and the improvement of ecological environment.Animal husbandry in agricultural area development can also provide a large amount of good organic Fertilizer promotes the development of local organic agriculture.Meanwhile the development of agriculture district grassland industry will greatly support half confined animal husbandry of pastoral area Development, can largely alleviate natural pasture load poultry pressure, be conducive to recovery and the ecology of natural grassland productivity The improvement of environment.The abundant forage grass resource of agriculture district can also attract pastoral area part domestic animal to be transferred to the short-term concentration fattening of agriculture district progress, Promote the coordinated development of agriculture and animal husbandry pastoral industry.
Place, those skilled in the art can not select from the prior art to the greatest extent in the embodiment of the present invention.
Disclosed above is only the specific implementation mode of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, is appointed What those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, answer It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with above-mentioned scope of the claims It is accurate.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilising:Pine rake is ploughed deeply, soil block is crushed, grade, retains and conserve soil moisture in idle plot after being harvested to Chinese ilex highland barley And apply base fertilizer;
(2) sowing time:Green wheat straw autumn sowing is set to mid or late July to early August;
(3) green wheat straw seed and sowing:Careless unicast or mixed seeding are received in the unicast of green wheat straw seed-breeding field;Drill spacing, seed-breeding field are wide by 35 ~40cm receives the grass narrow 20~30cm in field;Sowing mu broadcasts 12.0~14.0kg, receives careless mu and broadcasts 14.0~16.0kg;With forage grass mixed seeding When, the perennial green wheat straw in meadow based on herding accounts for 50~60%;The perennial green wheat straw in meadow based on mowing accounts for 60~ 70%, 2~3cm of depth of planting;
(4) application rate:12.0~14.0kg of application rate per acre;Make the forage grass used time, application rate is 14.0~16.0kg per acre;
(5) field management:
A. it pours water:It is irrigated immediately after Chinese ilex highland barley harvest, but water cannot cover ground, filled permeable 1 time, prevent out every 15 days or so It is dried up after seedling, rainy season should drain flooded fields in time, and timely after-culture of being short of seedling is found when seedling management;
B. it applies fertilizer:Green wheat straw cradles rear timely Nitrogen Top Dressing every time, per acre 5~10kg;If acid soil, increasing the p application rate, often 10~15kg of mu;
C. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Green wheat straw sowing before and emergence after with metrifonate or hundred trees directly spread fertilizer over the fields after the sun sets;
(6) harvesting utilization:Ear to milk stage in green wheat straw and is harvested;Grass is herded to be harvested in 15~20cm of plant height;It is green The wheat straw height for the stubble left is not less than 7cm;It gathered in time when the kind fringe in full field 70% turns yellowish-white, transport solarization, threshing and collection.
2. a kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the site preparation with apply In fertile step, applies 1000~1500kg of organic fertilizer per acre or apply 25~30kg of composite chemical fertilizer.
3. a kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pest and disease damage is anti- It controls in step, the metrifonate is diluted by 200 times, 200~300g/ mus;Hundred tree diluted by 500 times, 100 milliliters/female.
4. a kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the Chinese ilex highland barley Planting site is in the extremely frigid zones of height above sea level 2600m~4500m, the regional green wheat straw of multiple cropping herein.
CN201810223344.7A 2018-03-19 2018-03-19 A kind of implantation methods of the green wheat straw of Chinese ilex highland barley multiple cropping Pending CN108633633A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111758512A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-10-13 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所 Planting method for interplanting highland barley and arrow-tongue peas

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CN107548680A (en) * 2017-08-22 2018-01-09 甘肃农业大学 Crawler type highland barley cropper

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CN104718967A (en) * 2015-04-15 2015-06-24 赤峰市农牧科学研究院 Method for planting oat in spring wheat field vacant in summer and autumn
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Application publication date: 20181012