CN110622798A - Whole-plant silage barley and cattle raising recycling mode - Google Patents
Whole-plant silage barley and cattle raising recycling mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN110622798A CN110622798A CN201911010744.0A CN201911010744A CN110622798A CN 110622798 A CN110622798 A CN 110622798A CN 201911010744 A CN201911010744 A CN 201911010744A CN 110622798 A CN110622798 A CN 110622798A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agriculture and livestock husbandry, in particular to a green ecological recycling mode combining barley planting and cattle breeding, namely a full-plant silage barley and cattle raising recycling mode, which comprises barley planting, barley silage, cattle breeding, fermentation of a cattle manure methane tank, returning of biogas liquid organic fertilizer, and feeding of cows by combination of breeding and breeding, and has the beneficial effects that: providing a whole-plant silage barley, applying no fertilizer in the whole growth period, cutting the whole-plant silage green, producing green and organic silage forage grass, feeding dairy cows, and producing high-quality milk products; meanwhile, the cow dung is fermented by the methane tank to become high-quality biogas liquid organic fertilizer for irrigating and returning to the field. Not only can reduce the fertilizer dosage, reduce the pollution and reduce the cost, but also can improve the environment and improve the soil, thereby achieving the green and ecological virtuous cycle of grass-cultivated cattle raising, milk-cultivated cattle manure returning and organic forage grass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture and livestock husbandry, in particular to a green ecological recycling mode combining barley planting and cattle breeding, namely a full-plant silage barley and cattle raising recycling mode.
Background
The barley has the characteristics of drought resistance, barren resistance, high yield and good silage quality, and compared with the corn, the barley can be planted in the arid and barren soil, the yield is high, and the yield is equivalent to that of the wheat. Barley is used as forage, grains are usually used as a feed source, compared with corn, the total energy of the barley is lower, the protein, nicotinic acid and lysine are about 1.5 times higher, the trace elements and vitamins are high, the lean meat percentage of pigs and cattle and sheep can be increased by using the barley as a main feed, the meat quality is improved, and the barley is a high-quality feed.
According to related data, the total barley consumption of China is about 1600 ten thousand tons in recent years, wherein 973 ten thousand tons account for 61% of the feed consumption, 793 ten thousand tons account for 82% of the feed import, and the supply of barley raw materials is short. The traditional agriculture also pursues the 'seed' of crops more, neglects the whole plant utilization of the crops, and only burns the whole plant as fuel, thus wasting a large amount of effective resources. Therefore, the research on the development and utilization of the whole silage barley is particularly important. In addition, in the inner Mongolia autonomous region with developed animal husbandry, the conditions such as seasons and the like limit, only one crop of barley can be planted in the prior art every year, and the resource supply is not sufficient.
In addition, with the improvement of living standard, the consumption of animal food such as meat, eggs and milk by residents is increased year by year, and the agricultural production structure is fundamentally adjusted along the large direction of 'planting and breeding integration'. And domestic and foreign experiences show that the benefits are not very high when the livestock is not raised by simply planting grass or the livestock is not raised by planting grass, so that an effective recycling mode is urgently needed to be constructed, the land output benefit is improved, the planting and breeding cost is reduced, the environmental pollution caused by straw burning is reduced, and the win-win aim of economic benefit and social and ecological benefit is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: provides a recycling mode of effectively combining whole-plant silage barley and cattle cultivation, improves land output benefit, reduces cultivation cost, reduces environmental pollution caused by straw burning, and realizes win-win of economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a full-plant silage barley and cattle raising recycling mode comprises barley planting, barley silage, cattle breeding, fermentation of a cattle manure methane tank, returning of biogas slurry organic fertilizer to field, and combined feeding of the cattle raising, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) barley planting
a. Selection of barley varieties: selecting a new barley variety with large ears, high stalks, thick and strong stalks, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, excellent quality and high biological yield;
b. and (3) sowing period: timely sowing according to the normal local sowing time;
c. seeding amount: multi-ridge barley: 16-18 kg/mu of paddy field, 18-20 kg/mu of dry land, 35-39 thousands of seedlings per mu, and the row spacing of 10-15 cm; erlenmeyer barley: 17-19 kg/mu of paddy field, 19-21 kg/mu of dry land, 36-40 ten thousand seedlings per mu, and the row spacing of 10-15 cm;
d. fertilizing: besides using farmyard manure, the fertilizer uses 17-20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 5.0 kg/mu of urea as base fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied by adding 10-15 kg/mu of urea in combination with water at the top of a sprinkler in the three-leaf period;
e. field management: watering the head of the 2-leaf 1-core or 3-leaf 1-core, dressing urea by combining with the watering water, watering 2-3 times by combining with the soil condition in the whole growth period, namely tillering water, booting water and grouting water, cultivating and weeding 1 time before watering the head of the soil, or spraying 72% of 2.4D-butyl ester 30ml/667m2+ 20% tribenuron-methyl powder 8g/667m2+ Silicone 2ml/667m2Every 667m2Adding 15kg of water for chemical weeding, and selecting 40% dimethoate missible oil and 25% cyanopenthio missible oil before 3-year-old aphid, armyworm and meadow moth larvaeThe insecticide is sprayed on the stem and leaf to prevent and control insect pests.
(2) Ensiling of barley
When the barley in the field enters the middle stage of grouting, also called the late stage of milk maturity, namely when the water content of the forage grass in the field is 65-70%, the whole barley plant is harvested in time, sealed and compacted, and the lactobacillus agent is added to quickly reduce the pH value to below 4.5, so that the silage quality is ensured, and the silage is reserved after the fermentation time reaches 45 days.
(3) Fermentation of cow dung methane tank
Excrement excreted by the cattle in the growth process is fermented through a closed methane tank, the temperature is kept above 8 ℃, the pH value of fermentation liquor is controlled to be 6.8-7.5, the fermentation time is above 5 days, and the fermented excrement is completely returned to a barley field to provide nutritional requirements for the growth of crops in the next season.
(4) Irrigating and returning biogas slurry organic fertilizer:
and (4) irrigating and returning the biogas slurry fermented in the step (3) as an organic fertilizer.
(5) And (4) breeding and feeding the dairy cows.
The silage barley is prepared into a cow total mixed ration to feed the cow.
The barley varieties are Mongolian mallow No. 3 and Mongolian mallow No. 4.
The timely seeding is as follows: sowing in 2 early ten days to 3 early months in Shandong province, Shanhe county and Shanhe; sowing seeds in the western area of the inner Mongolia autonomous region for 3 months and 15 days to 3 months and 30 days, and sowing seeds in the middle area for 4 months and 1 day to 5 months and 5 days.
In the barley ensiling period, the whole barley plants are harvested, and a lactic acid bacteria agent is added to rapidly reduce the pH value to 3.5-4.2.
Has the advantages that: providing a whole-plant silage barley, applying no fertilizer in the whole growth period, cutting the whole-plant silage green, producing green and organic silage forage grass, feeding dairy cows, and producing high-quality milk products; meanwhile, the cow dung is fermented by the methane tank to become high-quality biogas liquid organic fertilizer for irrigating and returning to the field. Not only can reduce the fertilizer dosage, reduce the pollution and reduce the cost, but also can improve the environment and improve the soil, thereby achieving the green and ecological virtuous cycle of grass-cultivated cattle raising, milk-cultivated cattle manure returning and organic forage grass.
Detailed Description
(1) Barley planting
a. Selection of barley varieties: selecting a new barley variety with large ears, high stalks, thick and strong stalks, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, excellent quality and high biological yield, such as: mongolian malo No. 3 and Mongolian malo No. 4;
b. and (3) sowing period: sowing in time according to the normal sowing time of the local area, such as sowing in the beginning of 2 to 3 months in the last ten days of Shandong province, Shanhe county; sowing seeds in the western area of the inner Mongolia autonomous region for 3 months and 15 days to 3 months and 30 days, and sowing seeds in the middle area for 4 months and 1 day to 5 months and 5 days;
c. seeding amount: multi-ridge barley: 16-18 kg/mu of paddy field, 18-20 kg/mu of dry land, 35-39 thousands of seedlings per mu, and the row spacing of 10-15 cm; erlenmeyer barley: 17-19 kg/mu of paddy field, 19-21 kg/mu of dry land, 36-40 ten thousand seedlings per mu, and the row spacing of 10-15 cm;
d. fertilizing: besides using farmyard manure, the fertilizer uses 17-20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 5.0 kg/mu of urea as base fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied by adding 10-15 kg/mu of urea in combination with water at the top of a sprinkler in the three-leaf period;
e. field management: watering the head of the 2-leaf 1-core or 3-leaf 1-core, dressing urea by combining with the watering water, watering 2-3 times by combining with the soil condition in the whole growth period, namely tillering water, booting water and grouting water, cultivating and weeding 1 time before watering the head of the soil, or spraying 72% of 2.4D-butyl ester 30ml/667m2+ 20% tribenuron-methyl powder 8g/667m2+ Silicone 2ml/667m2Every 667m2Adding 15kg of water for chemical weeding, selecting 40% dimethoate missible oil and 25% cyanopent-octathiophosphate missible oil pesticide before 3-year-old aphid, armyworm and meadow moth larvae, and spraying stem leaves for preventing and treating insect pests.
(2) Ensiling of barley
When the barley in the field enters the middle stage of grouting (late stage of milk ripening), namely when the water content of the forage grass in the field is 65-70%, the whole barley plant is harvested in time, sealed and compacted, and a lactic acid bacteria agent can be added to quickly reduce the pH value to below 4.5, preferably 3.5-4.2, so that the silage quality is ensured, and after the fermentation time reaches 45 days, the nutrition quality is basically stable and the barley is used as silage.
(3) Fermentation of cow dung methane tank
Excrement excreted by the cattle in the growth process is fermented through a closed methane tank, the temperature is kept above 8 ℃ as much as possible, the pH value of the fermentation liquid is preferably controlled to be 6.8-7.5, and the fermentation time is more than 5 days. After fermentation, the fermented product is returned to the barley field, so that the nutritional requirement is provided for the growth of crops in the next season.
(4) Biogas slurry organic fertilizer irrigation returning field
The fermented biogas slurry kills harmful pathogenic bacteria and parasites, promotes unstable organic matters in excrement to be degraded into organic matters or soil conditioners with stable and beneficial properties, improves the N, P, K content in soil, promotes the formation of a soil aggregate structure, increases the soil fertility, improves the soil structure and ensures the nutritional requirements of crop growth.
(5) Planting and breeding combined feeding dairy cow
The silage barley is prepared into a cow total mixed ration to feed the cow.
The advantages of the invention are as follows:
(1) the method is characterized in that the barley forage grass is suitable for being planted in regions with short frost-free period and lack of forage grass in the region (inner Mongolia autonomous region), the regions are 2016-2017 and cooperate with Ruita modern animal husbandry Limited company in Uilan scout city, the high-quality forage grass is successfully produced by planting whole oat forage grass after early maturing barley Mongolia No. 4 wheat, the yield is 200 mu in 2016, the yield is increased to 5000 mu in 2017, the barley Mongolia No. 4 wheat is sowed in No. 4 month No. 2, the barley is harvested in the middle and later period (No. 6 month No. 22), bundled and stored after 3 days of airing, the oat is replanted in 28 days of 6 months, and the oat grass is harvested in the middle and last ten days of 9 months; the method realizes that the yield per mu of dry barley forage grass is 410 kilograms, the yield per mu of replanting oat is 530 kilograms, the yield per mu of dry forage grass is 940 kilograms, the sale price of the dry barley forage grass is 1600 yuan/ton, the sale price of the dry oat forage grass is 1400 yuan/ton, and the total benefit per mu is 1398 yuan. The average yield per mu of the harvested grain barley which is commonly planted is 350 kilograms, 1.6-1.8 yuan per kilogram, the benefit per mu is 480 yuan, 630 yuan, and only one crop can be harvested in one season.
(2) The silage barley has the following nutritive value and special feeding effect:
a large number of experiments prove that the barley contains antinutritional factors such as vomitoxin, non-starch polysaccharide, tannin, phytic acid and the like, but ensiling of the barley in the middle and later stages of filling (the dry matter content of field plants is 55-60%) can increase the digestibility and metabolic energy of nutrient substances, increase the number of lactic acid bacteria and reduce the negative effect of beta-glucan, and the barley is most suitable for feeding dairy cows when the crude protein content reaches 10.26%, the digestible nutrient 21.38%, the neutral detergent fiber 19.99%, the acid detergent fiber 12.25%, the lignin 1.99%, the crude fat 1.24% and the pH value reaches 3.4-3.8. The content of crude protein in barley grains is 11.7% -16.5%, which is slightly higher than that of corn, and is higher in cereal grains similar to wheat and oat. The silage barley is adopted for feeding during the breeding of the dairy cows, and the practical experience statistics shows that compared with other sorghum straw feeds or other dairy cow feeds such as green corn feeds and alfalfa feeds, the silage barley is used for feeding dairy cows in the temporary period (dry dairy cows) and grown-up cows (calves), so that the diseases of the reproductive system of the cows are obviously reduced or lightened, and the conception rate is improved. 100 cows are selected and evenly and randomly divided into two groups, one group is an experimental group, namely the silage provided by the invention is fed, the other group is a control group, the sorghum straw feed is fed, and the same is carried out on other basic feeds, so that the conception rate of the cows fed with the feed provided by the invention is obviously higher than that of the control group, and the conception rate is improved by 5 percent. In practice, according to the introduction of the user of silage barley in the dairy cattle breeding industry, the silage barley is used for feeding dairy cattle in the perinatal period (dry dairy cattle) and grown-up cattle (calves), so that the diseases of the reproductive system of the cattle can be obviously reduced or alleviated, and the conception rate can be improved.
(3) The dry storage barley has the following nutritional value: the detection result of dry-stored forage grass in the middle and later periods of filling of barley Mongolian beer No. 4 by committing Yimakojiu limited company in 2017 is as follows: the crude protein content is 14.21% (oat grass 6.27), the neutral detergent insoluble protein is 3.83% (oat grass 1.09), the acid detergent fiber is 26.28% (oat grass 33.76), the neutral detergent fiber is 43.23% (oat grass 53.07), the lignin is 4.16% (oat grass 2.68), the starch is 2.13% (oat grass 1.65), the crude fat is 2.82% (oat grass 2.05), and the total digestible nutrient is 53% (oat grass 59.0). Meanwhile, the feed has quite good effect when being used as dry forage grass to feed dairy cows and beef cattle together with sweet clover or other feeds.
The green ecological recycling mode combining barley planting and cattle breeding comprises barley planting, barley ensiling, cattle breeding, fermentation of a cattle manure methane tank and returning of biogas slurry organic fertilizer to fields. The method organically combines the planting and breeding, recycles and develops the chain, supplements the short plates which are lacked in the forage grass production of the dairy cows in spring and winter, widens the feeding way of the barley, improves the resource utilization rate and the production efficiency, reduces the ecological environment pollution, and realizes the harmonious development of planting and breeding combination.
Claims (5)
1. A whole-plant silage barley and cattle raising recycling mode is characterized in that: comprises barley planting, barley silage, cattle breeding, fermentation of a cow dung methane tank, returning of biogas slurry organic fertilizer to field, and feeding of cows by combination of breeding and breeding, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) barley planting
a. Selection of barley varieties: selecting a new barley variety with large ears, high stalks, thick and strong stalks, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, excellent quality and high biological yield;
b. and (3) sowing period: timely sowing according to the normal local sowing time;
c. seeding amount: multi-ridge barley: 16-18 kg/mu of paddy field, 18-20 kg/mu of dry land, 35-39 thousands of seedlings per mu, and the row spacing of 10-15 cm; erlenmeyer barley: 17-19 kg/mu of paddy field, 19-21 kg/mu of dry land, 36-40 ten thousand seedlings per mu, and the row spacing of 10-15 cm;
d. fertilizing: besides using farmyard manure, the fertilizer uses 17-20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and 5.0 kg/mu of urea as base fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied by adding 10-15 kg/mu of urea in combination with water at the top of a sprinkler in the three-leaf period;
e. field management: watering the head of the 2-leaf 1-core or 3-leaf 1-core, dressing urea by combining with the watering water, watering 2-3 times by combining with the soil condition in the whole growth period, namely tillering water, booting water and grouting water, cultivating and weeding 1 time before watering the head of the soil, or spraying 72% of 2.4D-butyl ester 30ml/667m2+ 20% tribenuron-methyl powder 8g/667m2+ Silicone 2ml/667m2Every 667m2Adding 15kg of water for chemical weeding, selecting 40% dimethoate missible oil and 25% cyanopent-octathiophosphate missible oil pesticide before 3-year-old aphid, armyworm and meadow moth larvae, and spraying stem leaves for preventing and treating insect pests;
(2) ensiling of barley
When the barley in the field enters the middle stage of grouting, also called the late stage of milk maturity, namely when the water content of the forage grass in the field is 65-70%, harvesting the whole barley plant in time, sealing and compacting, adding a lactic acid bacteria agent to quickly reduce the pH value to below 4.5 so as to ensure the silage quality, and taking the barley as silage for later use after the fermentation time reaches 45 days;
(3) fermentation of cow dung methane tank
Fermenting the excrement excreted by the cattle in the growth process through a closed methane tank, keeping the temperature above 8 ℃, controlling the pH value of fermentation liquor to be 6.8-7.5, and fermenting for more than 5 days, wherein the fermented excrement is completely returned to a barley field to provide nutritional requirements for the growth of crops in the next season;
(4) irrigating and returning biogas slurry organic fertilizer:
irrigating and returning the biogas slurry fermented in the step (3) to the field as an organic fertilizer;
(5) and (4) breeding and feeding the dairy cows.
2. The whole plant silage barley and cattle recycling mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: the silage barley is prepared into a cow total mixed ration to feed the cow.
3. The whole plant silage barley and cattle recycling mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: the barley varieties are Mongolian mallow No. 3 and Mongolian mallow No. 4.
4. The whole plant silage barley and cattle recycling mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: the timely sowing period is as follows: sowing in 2 early ten days to 3 early months in Shandong province, Shanhe county and Shanhe; sowing seeds in the western area of the inner Mongolia autonomous region for 3 months and 15 days to 3 months and 30 days, and sowing seeds in the middle area for 4 months and 1 day to 5 months and 5 days.
5. The whole plant silage barley and cattle recycling mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the barley ensiling period, the whole barley plants are harvested, and a lactic acid bacteria agent is added to rapidly reduce the pH value to 3.5-4.2.
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