CN114342746B - Open field spring sowing and early maturing cultivation method for celery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an open field spring sowing and early ripening cultivation method of celery, which relates to the technical field of crop cultivation and comprises the following steps: after soil preparation and fertilization, broadcasting celery and dibbling sunflower, and then laminating and punching; when the ambient temperature is 10-15 ℃, removing the film, and removing the sunflower; performing field management on celery, and harvesting the celery after 130-140 d of planting; the cultivation method can enable the celery obtained by cultivation to be mature 10-15 days earlier than the celery obtained by traditional open field cultivation, and achieves the purposes of preventing bolting and improving planting benefits.

Description

Open field spring sowing and early maturing cultivation method for celery

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating celery in open field by spring sowing and early maturing.

Background

The celery has high nutritive value and contains more proteins, amino acids, vitamins and a plurality of mineral elements essential to human bodies. In addition, celery contains a large amount of flavonoid compounds, especially the celery has rich leaves, and has the functions of reducing blood pressure, reducing blood fat, protecting cardiovascular and enhancing organism immunity. The celery leaves produced by high-density cultivation are emerald green, the petioles are tender and yellow, the coarse fibers are less, and the taste is excellent.

The celery high-density early spring cultivation adopts the open field direct seeding as a main cultivation mode, the sowing is generally started in 3 months of soil thawing in northern areas, the celery is harvested in 7 or 8 months of late ten days, and the celery high-density early spring cultivation is sold in southeast along the sea market, so that good economic benefits can be obtained. Taking the fixed western and Lanzhou areas as main cultivation areas, the celery planting area reaches 10 ten thousand acres, wherein the high-density planting area reaches 6 ten thousand acres, and a standardized cultivation technology is formed, each 667m ² The celery yield reaches 5.5-6.5 t, the income is 1.2-2.0 ten thousand yuan, and the economic benefit is obvious.

However, celery planted in open field is started in the northern area of China after 3 months of soil thawing, large area marketing is started in the late 7 months or the early 8 months, the market fluctuation influence is large, the planting income of farmers is unstable, and when seedlings grow to have 3-4 true leaves in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months of the individual years, the seedlings can encounter low temperature of 4-10 ℃ in 15-20 days, so that the celery is vernalized in a large area, and early bolting is performed, and the absolute yield is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an open field spring sowing and early maturing cultivation method for celery, which can enable celery obtained by cultivation to mature 10-15 days earlier than celery obtained by traditional open field cultivation, and achieves the purposes of preventing bolting and improving planting benefits.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a method for cultivating celery by open field spring sowing and early maturing, which comprises the following steps:

after soil preparation and fertilization, broadcasting celery and dibbling sunflower, and then laminating and punching;

when the ambient temperature is 10-15 ℃, removing the film, and removing the sunflower;

and (5) performing field management on the celery, and harvesting the celery after 130-140 d of planting.

Preferably, the soil preparation and fertilization comprises ploughing, applying base fertilizer, rotary tillage, ridging, rolling and flood irrigation which are sequentially carried out;

the ploughing is carried out in 2-3 months, and the ploughing depth is 45-50 cm;

the depth of the rotary tillage is 30-35 cm, and the furrow is made after 2-3 days of rotary tillage.

Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises 3500-4500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 45-55 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 15-25 kg/mu of urea, 15-25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 30-40 kg/mu of medicinal soil.

Preferably, the medicinal soil comprises 1 to 3 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 0.5 to 2.5 parts of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 25 to 35 parts of fine soil.

Preferably, the sowing of the celery is carried out after 4-5 d of flood irrigation, and the sowing amount of the celery is 150-200 g/mu.

Preferably, the on-demand sunflower is carried out after the celery is broadcast, the plant spacing of the on-demand sunflower is 45-55 cm, the line spacing of the on-demand sunflower is 45-55 cm, and after the on-demand sunflower, sand is paved on the furrow surface, and the thickness of the paved sand is 2-3 cm.

Preferably, the film coating is performed after the sand laying; the thickness of the film for covering is 0.005-0.015 mm, the punched holes are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin', the hole spacing in the same row is 5-15 cm, the row spacing between two adjacent rows is 1-3 cm, the punched holes are rectangular, the length is 1-3 cm, and the width is 0.1-0.3 cm.

Preferably, after the film is perforated, irrigation is carried out for 3 to 5 times, and 68.75 percent of fluofen and propamocarb suspending agent are applied along with water in each irrigation, wherein the concentration of the fluofen and the propamocarb suspending agent is 15 to 20 ml/mu.

Preferably, the sunflower is pulled out 4-5 days after the film is removed.

Preferably, the field management comprises thinning, watering, topdressing and flood irrigation before harvesting;

the thinning is carried out when the height of celery plants is 3-7 cm, the plant spacing after thinning is 8-10 cm, and the row spacing is 8-10 cm;

the watering time is after thinning, the watering quantity is that the water content of soil with the depth of 0-30 cm is 85% -90%;

in the watering process, 10-15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate or 15-20 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer is applied along with water;

the flood irrigation before harvesting is carried out within 1-3 days before harvesting, and the flood irrigation water quantity is that the relative water content of soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm reaches 60% -80%.

The invention provides a method for cultivating celery in early spring sowing in open field, which uses the characteristics of early emergence of sunflower, high growth speed, strong stalk supporting force and the like to support up a mulching film to form a micro-greenhouse climate environment by adopting a cultivation mode of interplanting the celery with the sunflower in the early growth stage of the celery, and provides a proper growth environment in the early growth stage of the celery.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for cultivating celery by open field spring sowing and early maturing, which comprises the following steps:

after soil preparation and fertilization, broadcasting celery and dibbling sunflower, and then laminating and punching;

when the ambient temperature is 10-15 ℃, removing the film, and removing the sunflower;

and (5) performing field management on the celery, and harvesting the celery after 130-140 d of planting.

In the invention, the soil preparation and fertilization comprises the steps of ploughing, applying base fertilizer, rotary tillage, ridging, rolling and flood irrigation which are sequentially carried out.

In the present invention, the cultivation is preferably performed in 2 to 3 months, and the cultivation depth is preferably 45 to 50cm, more preferably 46 to 48cm.

After the ploughing, applying a base fertilizer; the base fertilizer preferably comprises 3500-4500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 45-55 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 15-25 kg/mu of urea, 15-25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 30-40 kg/mu of medicinal soil; the dosage of the decomposed farmyard manure is preferably 3500-4500 kg/mu, more preferably 3800-4300 kg/mu, and even more preferably 3900-4100 kg/mu; the dosage of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 45-55 kg/mu, more preferably 48-53 kg/mu, and even more preferably 49-52 kg/mu; the dosage of the urea is preferably 15-25 kg/mu, more preferably 18-24 kg/mu, and even more preferably 20-22 kg/mu; the dosage of the potassium sulfate is preferably 15-25 kg/mu, more preferably 18-24 kg/mu, and even more preferably 19-22 kg/mu; the dosage of the soil is preferably 30-40 kg/mu, more preferably 32-38 kg/mu, and even more preferably 34-36 kg/mu.

In the invention, the medicinal soil preferably comprises 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and fine soil; the weight part of the 50% carbendazim wettable powder is preferably 1-3 parts, and more preferably 1.5-2.5 parts; the weight part of the 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is preferably 0.5-2.5 parts, and more preferably 1-2 parts; the weight part of the fine soil is preferably 25-35 parts, and more preferably 28-32 parts; the application of the medicinal soil in the base fertilizer has the function of killing insects and sterilizing the soil.

In the present invention, after applying the base fertilizer, rotary tillage is performed, and the depth of the rotary tillage is preferably 30 to 35cm, more preferably 31 to 34cm, still more preferably 32 to 33cm.

According to the invention, after 2-3 days of rotary tillage, a furrow is made; the height of the ridge is preferably 10-20 cm, more preferably 12-18 cm, and still more preferably 14-16 cm; the width of the furrow is preferably 3.5-4 m, more preferably 3.6-3.8 m; the length of the ridge is preferably 10 to 15m, more preferably 12 to 14m.

According to the invention, after the furrow is made, rolling is carried out, so that the tightness of soil in the furrow is consistent, and the loose land block is prevented from collapsing after flood irrigation; the rolling is preferably performed by adopting a roller, and the diameter of the roller is preferably 10-20 cm, more preferably 12-18 cm, and even more preferably 14-16 cm; the length of the roller is preferably 0.5-1.5 m, and more preferably 0.8-1.2 m; the weight of the roller is preferably 25 to 35kg, more preferably 28 to 32kg.

After the rolling, the method carries out flood irrigation; the specific operation of the flood irrigation is not particularly limited, and the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm can reach 90% -95%.

After the flood irrigation, the celery is sown for 4-5 days; the variety of the celery is not particularly limited, and the conventional celery variety sold in the field can be adopted; in the specific implementation process of the invention, the celery variety is Jiazhou king, tulipa, queen or Royal, and the sowing amount of the broadcast celery is preferably 150-200 g/mu, and more preferably 160-180 g/mu.

In the invention, after celery is sown, rolling is carried out, so that seeds are fully contacted with soil to absorb moisture, the rolling is preferably carried out by adopting rollers, the diameter of the rollers is preferably 10-20 cm, more preferably 12-18 cm, and even more preferably 14-16 cm; the length of the roller is preferably 0.5-1.5 m, and more preferably 0.8-1.2 m; the weight of the roller is preferably 25 to 35kg, more preferably 28 to 32kg.

After the rolling is finished, the sunflower is on demand; the plant spacing of the on-demand sunflower is preferably 45-55 cm, more preferably 48-52 cm, and the line spacing is preferably 45-55 cm, more preferably 48-52 cm.

After the sunflower is sowed on demand, sand is paved on the furrow surface, so that soil moisture preservation and warming are facilitated, and soil hardening is prevented; the thickness of the spread sand is preferably 2 to 3cm, more preferably 2.2 to 2.8cm, still more preferably 2.4 to 2.6cm.

After the sand is paved, film covering and punching are carried out; the thickness of the film for coating is preferably 0.005 to 0.015mm, more preferably 0.01mm; in order to ensure the height of the sunflower supporting the mulching film and prevent the film from being torn off by strong wind, soil is preferably used for compaction at two sides of the film at fixed intervals, the interval is preferably 80-100 cm, and more preferably 85-95 cm; the punched holes are arranged in a shape of a Chinese character 'pin', and the distance between the holes obtained in the same row is preferably 5-15 cm, and more preferably 8-12 cm; the distance between two adjacent rows is preferably 1-3 cm, and more preferably 1.5-2.5 cm; the perforation is preferably rectangular, the length of the perforation is preferably 1-3 cm, and more preferably 1.5-2.5 cm; the width of the perforations is preferably 0.1 to 0.3cm, more preferably 0.15 to 0.25cm. The invention aims to enable water irrigated on the film to permeate into the ground before the sunflower seedlings, and simultaneously avoid the phenomenon of seedling burning caused by overhigh temperature under the film in sunny days after the celery seedlings.

After the film is perforated, irrigation is carried out; the number of times of irrigation is preferably 3 to 5 times, more preferably 4 times; in order to prevent diseases caused by overhigh temperature and humidity in the film, 68.75% of the fluofen suspending agent is applied along with water in each irrigation, and the dosage of the 68.75% of the fluofen suspending agent is preferably 15-20 ml/mu, and more preferably 16-18 ml/mu. The specific mode of irrigation is that after the film is perforated, the film is irrigated in a diffusing way, so that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-20 cm reaches 80% -85%, the water fully permeates into the ground through the film holes, the irrigation amount is strictly controlled, the soil is kept moist before emergence, and full seedlings are ensured; when the sunflower supports the mulching film to 5cm, the second irrigation is carried out under the film, so that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm reaches 80% -85%; when the celery starts to emerge after 30-35 days, third irrigation is carried out under the film, so that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm reaches 70% -80%; by adopting the irrigation mode, the germination rate of the celery can be maintained to be more than 80%, and the normal growth and germination of the celery are ensured.

In the invention, when the ambient temperature is 10-15 ℃, the film is uncovered, in order to prevent the water on the ground from evaporating too fast after the film is uncovered, so as to cause celery wilting, the film is irrigated under the film before the film is uncovered, so that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm reaches 85% -90%, the bactericide 68.75% of fluofen-propamocarb suspending agent and diammonium phosphate are applied along with the water, and the film can be uncovered after the soil is loose; the dosage of the 68.75% fluofen suspending agent is preferably 15-20 ml/mu, and more preferably 16-18 ml/mu; the dosage of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 15-20 kg/mu, and more preferably 16-18 kg/mu.

After the film is uncovered for 4-5 days, the sunflower is pulled out; when the sunflower is removed, the soil around the sunflower root is preferably pressed by one hand, the sunflower root is removed by the other hand, celery seedlings are prevented from being carried along with the root, and loose soil is compacted.

In the invention, after the sunflower is pulled out, the celery is subjected to field management, wherein the field management comprises thinning, watering, topdressing and flood irrigation before harvesting; the thinning is preferably performed when the height of celery plants is 3-7 cm, and more preferably 4-6 cm; the plant spacing after thinning is preferably 8-10 cm, more preferably 8.5-9.5 cm, and the row spacing is preferably 8-10 cm, more preferably 8.5-9.5 cm; the thinning is preferably carried out by a small shovel.

In the invention, watering is carried out after thinning, the watering amount is preferably 85% -90% of the water content of the soil with the depth of 0-30 cm, and more preferably 90%; the diammonium phosphate or the ternary compound fertilizer is applied along with water in the watering process, the dosage of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 10-15 kg/mu, more preferably 12-14 kg/mu, and the dosage of the ternary compound fertilizer is preferably 15-20 kg/mu, more preferably 16-18 kg/mu; the ratio of N, P, K in the ternary compound fertilizer is preferably 1-2:1:1, more preferably 1.2-1.8:1:1, and even more preferably 1.4-1.6:1:1.

In the invention, the celery seedling roots are shallow, drought tolerance and waterlogging tolerance, water management is preferably carried out according to weather and soil conditions, the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm is enabled to reach 60-80% by small water service watering, and the diammonium phosphate is applied with water according to the growth condition of the celery, wherein the dosage of each time is preferably 10-15 kg/mu, and further preferably 12-14 kg/mu.

In the invention, 68.75% fluofen and propamocarb suspending agent 800 times liquid or 43% fluofen and trifloxystrobin suspending agent 1500 times liquid are selected and alternately sprayed and controlled at intervals of 7-10 d; the method comprises the steps of selecting 1500 times of liquid of 46% copper hydroxide water dispersible granule or 1000 times of liquid of dixon to alternately spray and control bacterial diseases at intervals of 7-10 d; the insect pest is controlled by alternately spraying 1000 times of high-efficiency deltamethrin, 1500 times of 1% abamectin or 1500 times of 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent at intervals of 7-10 d; the dosage of the 800 times liquid of the 68.75% fluofen suspending agent is preferably 30-35 kg/mu, and more preferably 32-34 kg/mu; the dosage of the 1500 times liquid of the 43% trifloxystrobin suspending agent is preferably 30-35 kg/mu, and more preferably 32-34 kg/mu; the dosage of 1500 times of the 46% copper hydroxide water dispersible granule is preferably 30-35 kg/mu, and more preferably 32-34 kg/mu; the dosage of the dixon 1000 times liquid is preferably 30-35 kg/mu, and more preferably 32-34 kg/mu; the dosage of the 1000 times liquid of the high-efficiency deltamethrin is preferably 30-35 kg/mu, and more preferably 32-34 kg/mu; the dosage of the 1% abamectin 1500 times liquid is preferably 30-35 kg/mu, and more preferably 32-34 kg/mu; the dosage of 1500 times of the 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent is preferably 30-35 kg/mu, and more preferably 32-34 kg/mu.

In the invention, after 130-140 d planting, the height of celery plants is 50-60 cm, the weight of a single plant is 0.1-0.3 kg, more preferably 0.2kg, harvesting is carried out, the soil with the relative water content of 0-30 cm is enabled to reach 60-80% by flood irrigation preferably 1-3 days before harvesting, after the soil is loosened, the celery plants are pulled out continuously, fine outer leaves, rotten leaves and soil are removed, and bundling is carried out; the weight of each bundle is preferably 1-2 kg, more preferably 1.50kg, and the celery is further put into a basket, treated for 5-6 hours at the temperature of 0-1 ℃ in a low-temperature refrigerator and then put into a car for marketing.

The following describes the method for cultivating celery in early maturing in open field spring in detail by combining with the examples, but they are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

After 3 months of soil thawing, ploughing to a depth of 45cm, rotary tillage to a depth of 35cm, applying enough base fertilizer before rotary tillage, applying 4000kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of urea, 20kg of potassium sulfate and 35kg of pesticide soil (3 kg of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 2kg of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 30kg of fine soil for uniformly stirring), and making a furrow after 3 d. And (3) raising ridge with the height of 15cm, dividing the planting land into small ridges with the width of 4m and the length of 15m, and leveling and soil preparation by using a flat rake to keep the whole ridge surface at the same horizontal plane. After the ground is leveled, rolling by using a roller with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 1m and the weight of 30kg to ensure that the tightness of soil in a furrow is consistent, then flood irrigation is carried out to ensure that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm reaches 90%, and sowing is carried out after 4 days of rest.

Selecting conventional seeds sold in the market and adding the zhou wang, adopting a special precision planter for vegetables, wherein the sowing amount is 150g per mu, sowing, rolling with rollers with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 1m and the weight of 30kg after sowing, enabling the seeds to fully contact soil, and then sowing sunflower seeds in a position 10cm away from ridge in a furrow, wherein the plant row spacing is 50 x 50cm; and finally, spreading fine sand with the thickness of 3cm on the furrow surface by using a sand spreading machine, thereby being beneficial to preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature and preventing hardening.

After sand spreading, covering the whole ground with a mulching film with the width of 2m and the thickness of 0.01mm, compacting soil at every 100cm on two sides of the film edge, and punching the film.

After the film is covered and punched, the film is irrigated without flooding ridge to ensure that the relative water content of soil with the thickness of 0-20 cm reaches 85%, and the water fully permeates into the ground through the film holes, so that the soil is kept moist before emergence, and the full seedlings are ensured; the sunflower can emerge after 5 days of sowing, the sunflower supports the mulching film to 5cm after 20 days, the second irrigation is carried out by adopting a mode of film-under flood irrigation to ensure that the relative water content of soil of 0-30 cm reaches 85 percent, the celery begins to emerge after 30-35 days, the flood irrigation by using small water under the film to ensure that the relative water content of soil of 0-30 cm reaches 70 percent, and the bactericide 68.75 percent of the trifluoracer-propamocarb suspending agent 15 ml/mu can be applied along with water to prevent diseases.

When the ambient temperature is stabilized at 15 ℃, 4-5 true leaves of celery are grown at the moment, the sunflower supports the mulch film to 15cm, so as to prevent the water on the ground from evaporating too fast after the mulch film is uncovered, the celery is selected to be irrigated under the mulch film in the morning of the cloudy day, the relative water content of the soil of 0-30 cm is 85%, 20 ml/mu of bactericide 68.75% fluofen-propamocarb suspending agent and 15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate are applied along with water, and the mulch film can be uncovered after the soil is loose. After the membrane is uncovered for 5d, the sunflower is pulled out, and the soil around the sunflower root can be held by one hand when the sunflower is pulled out, the sunflower root is pulled out by the other hand, so that celery seedlings are prevented from being carried out along with the sunflower root, and loose soil is compacted.

And when the celery grows to 5cm, thinning according to the plant-row spacing of 10cm, removing excessive celery by using a small shovel with the width of 2cm, and watering to ensure that the relative water content of soil with the width of 0-30 cm reaches 85%, and applying diammonium phosphate with water to 10kg mu.

The celery seedling has shallow root system, is not drought-tolerant and is not waterlogged, water is managed according to weather and soil conditions, the principle is that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm is kept 80% by the field irrigation, and the diammonium phosphate can be topdressed with water for 3 times according to the growth condition of the celery, and 10 kg/mu each time.

The common fungal diseases in the high-density cultivation process of celery are spot blight and leaf spot, 68.75% fluofen and propamocarb suspending agent are selected for 30 kg/mu of liquid, and alternate spraying and controlling are carried out at intervals of 7 d; the bacterial diseases have soft rot, and the 1500 times liquid of 46% copper hydroxide water dispersible granule is selected to be 30 kg/mu or the 1000 times liquid of dixon is selected to be alternately sprayed and controlled every 7 d; insect pest leaf miner, aphid, etc. are alternately sprayed and controlled with high efficiency deltamethrin 1000 times liquid 30 kg/mu, 1% abamectin 1500 times liquid 30 kg/mu or 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 1500 times liquid 30 kg/mu at intervals of 7 d.

130d after planting, the plant height reaches 50cm, the single plant weight reaches 0.20kg, the leaves are emerald green, and the leaf stalks are fully etiolated and harvested. 2d of flood irrigation is carried out once before harvesting to ensure that the relative water content of the soil with the density of 0-30 cm reaches 80%, the soil is pulled out after being loosened, fine outer leaves, rotten leaves and soil are removed, and then the soil is bundled into 1.50kg small bundles, and the bundles are put into a basket, and are put into a car after being processed for 5 hours in a low-temperature refrigerator at the temperature of 1 ℃ and are transported to the market for sale.

Example 2

After 2 months of soil thawing, ploughing to a depth of 50cm, rotary tillage to a depth of 40cm, applying enough base fertilizer before rotary tillage, applying 4000kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of urea, 20kg of potassium sulfate and 35kg of pesticide soil (3 kg of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 2kg of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 30kg of fine soil for uniformly stirring), and making a furrow after 3 days. And (3) raising ridge with the height of 15cm, dividing the planting land into small ridges with the width of 3.5m and the length of 10m, and leveling and harrowing to the ridge, so that the whole ridge surface is kept at the same horizontal plane. After the ground is leveled, rolling by using a roller with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 1m and the weight of 30kg to ensure that the tightness of soil in a furrow is consistent, then flood irrigation is carried out to ensure that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm reaches 80%, and sowing is carried out after 5 days of rest.

Selecting conventional seeds sold in the market and adding the zhou wang, adopting a special precision planter for vegetables, wherein the sowing quantity is 180g per mu, sowing, rolling with rollers with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 1m and the weight of 30kg after sowing, enabling the seeds to fully contact soil, and then sowing sunflower seeds in a position 10cm away from ridge in a furrow, wherein the plant row spacing is 45 x 45cm; and finally, spreading fine sand with the thickness of 2cm on the furrow surface by using a sand spreading machine, thereby being beneficial to preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature and preventing hardening.

After sand spreading, the film is covered with a mulching film with the width of 2m and the thickness of 0.01mm, soil is compacted at the two sides of the film edge every 80cm, and holes are punched on the film.

After the film is covered and punched, the film is irrigated without flooding ridge to ensure that the relative water content of soil with the thickness of 0-20 cm reaches 90%, and the water fully permeates into the ground through the film holes, so that the soil is kept moist before emergence, and full seedlings are ensured; the sunflower can emerge after 4 days of sowing, the sunflower supports the mulching film to 5cm after 20 days, the second irrigation is carried out by adopting a mode of film-under flood irrigation to ensure that the relative water content of soil with 0-30 cm reaches 90 percent, the celery begins to emerge after 30-35 days, the flood irrigation is carried out by adopting small water under the film to ensure that the relative water content of soil with 0-30 cm reaches 80 percent, and the bactericide 68.75 percent of fluoxastrobin and propamocarb suspending agent 18 ml/mu can be applied along with water to prevent diseases.

When the ambient temperature is stabilized at 10 ℃, 4-5 true leaves of celery are grown at the moment, the sunflower supports the mulching film to 15cm, so as to prevent the water on the ground from evaporating too fast after the film is uncovered, the celery can be selected to carry out film-falling flood irrigation in the morning of the cloudy day, the relative water content of the soil with the concentration of 0-30 cm reaches 90%, and the bactericide 68.75% fluoxastrobin is applied along with water, 15 ml/mu of propamocarb suspending agent and 15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, and the film can be uncovered after the soil is loose. After the membrane is uncovered for 4d, the sunflower is pulled out, and the soil around the sunflower root can be held by one hand when the sunflower is pulled out, the sunflower root is pulled out by the other hand, so that celery seedlings are prevented from being carried out along with the sunflower root, and loose soil is compacted.

And when the celery grows to 5cm, thinning according to the plant-row spacing of 10cm, removing excessive celery by using a small shovel with the width of 2cm, and watering to ensure that the relative water content of soil with the width of 0-30 cm reaches 85%, and applying diammonium phosphate with water to 10kg mu.

The celery seedling has shallow root system, is not drought-tolerant and is not waterlogged, water is managed according to weather and soil conditions, the principle is that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm is kept to be 90% by duty, and 2 times of diammonium phosphate can be topdressed with water according to the growth condition of the celery, and 10 kg/mu each time is needed.

The common fungal diseases in the high-density cultivation process of celery are spot blight and leaf spot, 68.75% fluofen and propamocarb suspending agent are selected for 30 kg/mu of liquid, and alternate spraying and controlling are carried out at intervals of 7 d; the bacterial diseases have soft rot, and the 1500 times liquid of 46% copper hydroxide water dispersible granule is selected to be 30 kg/mu or the 1000 times liquid of dixon is selected to be alternately sprayed and controlled every 7 d; insect pest leaf miner, aphid, etc. are alternately sprayed and controlled with high efficiency deltamethrin 1000 times liquid 30 kg/mu, 1% abamectin 1500 times liquid 30 kg/mu or 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 1500 times liquid 30 kg/mu at intervals of 7 d.

140d after planting, the plant height reaches 60cm, the single plant weight reaches 0.20kg, the leaves are emerald green, and the leaf stalks are fully etiolated and harvested. 3d of flood irrigation is carried out once before harvesting to ensure that the relative water content of the soil with the density of 0-30 cm reaches 90%, the soil is pulled out after being loosened, fine outer leaves, rotten leaves and soil are removed, and then the soil is bundled into 1.50kg small bundles, and the small bundles are put into a basket, and are put into a car after being treated for 5 hours in a low-temperature refrigerator at the temperature of 0 ℃ and are transported to the market for sale.

Example 3

After 3 months of soil thawing, ploughing to a depth of 50cm, rotary tillage to a depth of 40cm, applying enough base fertilizer before rotary tillage, applying 4000kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of urea, 20kg of potassium sulfate and 35kg of pesticide soil (3 kg of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 2kg of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 30kg of fine soil for uniformly stirring), and making a furrow after 3 days. And (3) raising ridge with the height of 15cm, dividing the planting land into small ridges with the width of 4m and the length of 15m, and leveling and soil preparation by using a flat rake to keep the whole ridge surface at the same horizontal plane. After the ground is leveled, rolling by using a roller with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 1m and the weight of 30kg to ensure that the tightness of soil in a furrow is consistent, then flood irrigation is carried out to ensure that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm reaches 90%, and sowing is carried out after 5 days of rest.

Selecting conventional seeds sold in the market and adding the zhou wang, adopting a special precision planter for vegetables, wherein the sowing amount is 200g per mu, sowing, rolling with rollers with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 1m and the weight of 30kg after sowing, enabling the seeds to fully contact soil, and then sowing sunflower seeds in a position 10cm away from ridge in a furrow, wherein the plant row spacing is 50 x 50cm; and finally, spreading fine sand with the thickness of 3cm on the furrow surface by using a sand spreading machine, thereby being beneficial to preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature and preventing hardening.

After sand spreading, covering the whole ground with a mulching film with the width of 2m and the thickness of 0.01mm, compacting soil at every 100cm on two sides of the film edge, and punching the film.

After the film is covered and punched, the film is irrigated without flooding ridge to ensure that the relative water content of soil with the thickness of 0-20 cm reaches 90%, and the water fully permeates into the ground through the film holes, so that the soil is kept moist before emergence, and full seedlings are ensured; the sunflower can emerge after 5 days of sowing, the sunflower supports the mulching film to 5cm after 20 days, the second irrigation is carried out by adopting a mode of film flood irrigation to ensure that the relative water content of soil with 0-30 cm reaches 90 percent, the celery begins to emerge after 30-35 days, the flood irrigation with small water under the film is carried out to ensure that the relative water content of soil with 0-30 cm reaches 70 percent, and the bactericide 68.75 percent of the trifluoracer-propamocarb suspending agent 15 ml/mu can be applied along with water to prevent diseases.

When the ambient temperature is stabilized at 15 ℃, 4-5 true leaves of celery are grown at the moment, the sunflower supports the mulching film to 15cm, so as to prevent the water on the ground from evaporating too fast after the film is uncovered, the celery can be selected to carry out film-falling flood irrigation in the morning of the cloudy day, the relative water content of the soil of 0-30 cm reaches 85%, 20 ml/mu of bactericide, 20 ml/mu of fluofen suspending agent and 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate are applied along with water, and the film can be uncovered after the soil is loose. After the membrane is uncovered for 5d, the sunflower is pulled out, and the soil around the sunflower root can be held by one hand when the sunflower is pulled out, the sunflower root is pulled out by the other hand, so that celery seedlings are prevented from being carried out along with the sunflower root, and loose soil is compacted.

And when the celery grows to 5cm, thinning according to the plant-row spacing of 10cm, removing excessive celery by using a small shovel with the width of 2cm, and watering to ensure that the relative water content of soil with the width of 0-30 cm reaches 90%, and applying diammonium phosphate with water to 10kg mu.

The celery seedling has shallow root system, is not drought-tolerant and is not waterlogged, water is managed according to weather and soil conditions, the principle is that the relative water content of the soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm is kept to be 90% by duty, and the diammonium phosphate can be topdressed with water for 3 times according to the growth condition of the celery, and 10 kg/mu each time is needed.

The common fungal diseases in the high-density cultivation process of celery are spot blight and leaf spot, 68.75% fluofen and propamocarb suspending agent are selected for 30 kg/mu of liquid, and alternate spraying and controlling are carried out at intervals of 7 d; the bacterial diseases have soft rot, and the 1500 times liquid of 46% copper hydroxide water dispersible granule is selected to be 30 kg/mu or the 1000 times liquid of dixon is selected to be alternately sprayed and controlled every 7 d; insect pest leaf miner, aphid, etc. are alternately sprayed and controlled with high efficiency deltamethrin 1000 times liquid 30 kg/mu, 1% abamectin 1500 times liquid 30 kg/mu or 20% chlorantraniliprole suspending agent 1500 times liquid 30 kg/mu at intervals of 7 d.

130d after planting, the plant height reaches 50cm, the single plant weight reaches 0.20kg, the leaves are emerald green, and the leaf stalks are fully etiolated and harvested. 2d of flood irrigation is carried out once before harvesting to ensure that the relative water content of the soil with the density of 0-30 cm reaches 90%, the soil is pulled out after being loosened, fine outer leaves, rotten leaves and soil are removed, and then the soil is bundled into 1.50kg small bundles, and the bundles are put into a basket, and are put into a car after being processed for 5 hours in a low-temperature refrigerator at the temperature of 1 ℃ and are transported to the market for sale.

Experimental example

The cultivation method of the above example 1 was applied to 50 mu in the stable area of the city of the fixed western city in 2020, and the comparison result is shown in table 1 by using the conventional cultivation method as a control group for cultivation of 50 mu.

Table 1 comparison of example 1 with control yields

Project	Date of sowing	4-5 true leaves unfolding date	Date of harvest	Bolting rate	Mu yield (kg)
						Example 1	3 months 15 days	Day 21 of 4 months	7 months and 2 days	1.26％	6365
Control group	3 months 15 days	5 months and 7 days	7 months and 18 days	8.65％	5435

As can be seen from the above examples, the invention provides a method for cultivating celery by spring sowing in open field and maturing, which enables celery to have a main season of 4-5 true leaves and a harvest period of 15d earlier than that of the traditional open field cultivation method, the bolting rate is reduced by 85.43%, and the yield per mu is increased by 930kg.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The open field spring sowing and early maturing cultivation method for celery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

after soil preparation and fertilization, broadcasting celery and dibbling sunflower, and then laminating and punching;

when the ambient temperature is 10-15 ℃, removing the film, and removing the sunflower;

performing field management on celery, and harvesting the celery after 130-140 d of planting;

the soil preparation and fertilization comprises ploughing, applying base fertilizer, rotary tillage, ridging, rolling and flood irrigation which are sequentially carried out;

the ploughing is carried out in 2-3 months, and the ploughing depth is 45-50 cm;

the depth of the rotary tillage is 30-35 cm, and furrows are made after 2-3 days of rotary tillage;

the sowing of the celery is carried out after 4-5 d of flood irrigation, and the sowing amount of the sowing celery is 150-200 g/mu.

2. The method for cultivating celery in open field with early maturing in spring sowing according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 3500-4500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 45-55 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 15-25 kg/mu of urea, 15-25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 30-40 kg/mu of medicinal soil.

3. The method for cultivating celery in open field with early maturing in spring sowing according to claim 2, wherein the medicinal soil comprises 1-3 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 0.5-2.5 parts of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 25-35 parts of fine soil.

4. The method for cultivating celery in early maturing in open field spring sowing according to claim 1, wherein the on-demand sunflower is carried out after celery is sowed, the plant spacing of the on-demand sunflower is 45-55 cm, the line spacing of the on-demand sunflower is 45-55 cm, sand is paved on the furrow surface after the on-demand sunflower, and the thickness of the paved sand is 2-3 cm.

5. The method for cultivating open field spring sowing premature celery as claimed in claim 4, wherein the film coating is carried out after sand laying; the thickness of the film for covering is 0.005-0.015 mm, the punched holes are arranged in a shape of a Chinese character 'pin', the distance between the holes in the same row is 5-15 cm, the distance between two adjacent rows is 1-3 cm, the punched holes are rectangular, the length is 1-3 cm, and the width is 0.1-0.3 cm.

6. The method for cultivating celery in early maturing in open field by spring sowing according to claim 5, wherein after the film is perforated, irrigation is carried out for 3-5 times, and 68.75% fluofen and propamocarb suspending agent are applied along with water for each irrigation, and 15-20 ml/mu.

7. The method for cultivating celery in open field by spring sowing and early maturing according to claim 1, wherein the sunflower is pulled out 4-5 days after the film is removed.

8. The method for cultivating celery in open field by spring sowing and early maturing according to claim 1, wherein the field management comprises thinning, watering, topdressing and flood irrigation before harvesting;

the thinning is carried out when the height of celery plants is 3-7 cm, the plant spacing after thinning is 8-10 cm, and the row spacing is 8-10 cm;

the watering time is after thinning, the watering quantity is that the water content of soil with the depth of 0-30 cm is 85% -90%;

in the watering process, 10-15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate or 15-20 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer is applied along with water;

the flood irrigation before harvesting is carried out within 1-3 days before harvesting, and the flood irrigation water quantity is that the relative water content of soil with the thickness of 0-30 cm reaches 60% -80%.