CN108432579B

CN108432579B - Cultivation method of direct seeding ratoon rice

Info

Publication number: CN108432579B
Application number: CN201810177822.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜照伟; 施龙清; 解振兴; 张数标; 占志雄; 张琳
Original assignee: Rice Research Institute Fujian Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Rice Research Institute Fujian Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2018-03-05
Filing date: 2018-03-05
Publication date: 2020-06-05
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-05
Also published as: CN108432579A

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of direct seeding ratoon rice. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting medium-early maturing fine varieties; (2) finely preparing the soil; (3) directly sowing first season rice by using a precision machine, wherein the suitable sowing period of the first season rice is from 3 late months to 4 early months, and the heading and flowering period of the regenerated season of the ratoon rice is arranged to be 9 middle days at latest; (4) intermittent irrigation; (5) fertilizing in first season; (6) applying strong seedling fertilizer in a regeneration season; (7) first season rice is mechanically cut, the first season of varieties with short growing period is mechanically cut by adopting a low pile machine, and the first season of varieties with long growing period is mechanically cut by adopting a high pile machine; (8) treating diseases and pests; (9) and (4) removing weeds. The method greatly reduces the labor intensity of agricultural production and solves the problems of labor shortage and low benefit of rice production. The method disclosed by the invention reduces the production cost of rice by 400 yuan per mu, reduces the labor for rice production by 70%, realizes the profit of rice production by more than 500 yuan per mu, and drives the mechanized level of ratooning rice production to be rapidly improved.

Description

Cultivation method of direct seeding ratoon rice

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cash crops, in particular to a cultivation method of direct seeding ratoon rice.

Background

The regenerated rice is harvested twice in one crop, i.e. after the first-season rice is harvested, the rice piles are used for sprouting again and growing ears, and then the rice in one season is harvested. The ratoon rice is a kind of rice variety, has a long planting history in China, and can be traced back to 1700 years. It features that after the regenerated rice is ripe, the rice plant is cut off to 2/3 position, the ear of rice is harvested, the lower 1/3 plant and root system are left, and the rice is fertilized and cultured to grow one season.

In the traditional technology, the ratoon rice is mainly planted by traditional transplanting, and with the transfer of rural labor force to second and third industries, the rural labor force is in seasonal shortage, and the agricultural production is directly influenced. Meanwhile, with the adjustment of the rural industrial structure, the selection opportunities of farmers are increased, the labor cost is high, and the farmers have more urgent needs for high yield, cost saving, high efficiency, light simplification of cultivation technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of direct seeding ratooning rice, which is used for solving the problems of labor waste, low mechanization degree and low yield of the existing cultivation technology of ratooning rice.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a cultivation method of direct seeding ratoon rice, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting medium-early maturing fine varieties; (2) finely preparing the soil; (3) directly sowing first season rice by using a precision machine, wherein the suitable sowing period of the first season rice is from 3 late months to 4 early months, and the heading and flowering period of the regenerated season of the ratoon rice is arranged to be 9 middle days at latest; (4) intermittent irrigation; (5) fertilizing in first season; (6) applying strong seedling fertilizer in a regeneration season; (7) first season rice is mechanically cut, the first season of varieties with short growing period is mechanically cut by adopting a low pile machine, and the first season of varieties with long growing period is mechanically cut by adopting a high pile machine; (8) treating diseases and pests; (9) and (4) removing weeds.

As a preferred scheme, the variety of the regenerated rice is selected from the varieties of Hoplodia elata, Yongyou 2640 or Yongyou 676.

As a preferred scheme, the suitable pile cutting height of the head season low pile machine cutting is 2 internode heights of the base part plus a protection section of 5-8cm, and the height from the ground surface is 12-15 cm; the height of the pile suitable for head high pile machine cutting is the middle part between 2 inverted nodes or 3 inverted leaf pillows, and the height from the ground surface is 35-40 cm.

As a preferred scheme, the regeneration ear cut by the high pile machine is mainly germinated into the ear by inverted 4 and 5 axillary buds or inverted 2 and 3 axillary buds; the regenerated ear cut by the low pile machine is mainly formed by germinating 4-node axillary buds and 5-node axillary buds.

As a preferred scheme, first season rice of Yongyou 2640 is cut by a high pile machine, first season rice of optimal radiation is cut by a low pile machine, and two varieties of regenerated ears mainly sprout into ears from 4-node axillary buds and 5-node axillary buds; the growing period of the first season rice is longer in the deep two excellent 676 seasons, the first season rice is cut by a high-pile machine, and the regeneration ears of the first season rice are mainly germinated into ears by inverted 2 and 3 sections of axillary buds.

As a preferable scheme, the precision machine is a sensitive direct seeding machine MN2016-10, and the width of 10 lines is 2.48 m.

As a preferred scheme, when the fertilizer is applied in the first season, 30kg of special fertilizer for rice is applied as base fertilizer per mu; in the four-leaf one-heart stage, 30kg of special rice fertilizer is applied to each mu of land as a tillering fertilizer, so that the early growth and the quick development are promoted, and low-position tillering is strived for; when two leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, 30kg of special rice fertilizer is applied to each mu of land as spike fertilizer, so that more grains are prevented from being dug by glume flower degradation, and the seed setting rate is improved.

As a preferred scheme, when strong seedling fertilizers are applied in the regeneration season, 5kg of urea is applied to each mu 15-20 days after the first season rice is flush with the ears, so that the germination of the axillary buds of the mother stems is promoted; 6-7 days after harvesting the first season rice, pouring thin water, and applying 20kg of urea and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu to promote uniform buds and strong seedlings; applying 5kg of urea to each mu 15-20 days after harvesting the first season rice to promote the growth of the regenerated season ears; and (3) spraying monopotassium phosphate for 1-2 times in the heading period of the regeneration season to promote the leaf fertilizer to increase the grain weight.

As a preferable scheme, in the process of treating the rice planthopper, 20-25 g of 25% chlorpropham wettable powder or 10-15 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed to 50-60 kg of water for preventing and treating the rice planthopper when the differentiation period of scion scions reaches the booting stage, the average number of each cluster is 20, and the filling maturity period is 30; in the tillering to booting stage, when the morbidity of clusters reaches 15-20%, spraying 300mL of 5% validamycin and 75kg of water per mu to prevent and control sheath blight; at the beginning of the initial ear-piercing period, the pesticides 'Aimiao', 'tricyclazole', 'good labor' or 'abamectin' are sprayed to prevent neck blast, white ear and false smut.

As a preferred scheme, when the weeding is carried out, 250mL of herbicide 12 percent of pesticide missible oil can be mixed with water for spraying 5 to 7 days before sowing in combination with land preparation; after 3 days of sowing, 100g of 30 percent bensulfuron methyl and pretilachlor wettable powder serving as herbicide is applied to the field while the field is wet, and then 30kg of water is added, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed; in the four-leaf one-heart period, 70g of 69 percent bensulfuron methyl and mefenacet wettable powder is applied to each mu in combination with tillering fertilizer for broadcasting, and water is preserved for 3 days after application.

The invention has the following advantages:

the method comprises the following 9 steps: (1) selecting medium-early maturing fine varieties; (2) finely preparing the soil; (3) directly sowing first-season rice by using a precision machine; (4) intermittent irrigation; (5) fertilizing in first season; (6) applying strong seedling fertilizer in a regeneration season; (7) mechanically cutting first-season rice; (8) treating diseases and pests; (9) and (4) removing weeds. The whole process adopts a direct seeding-regeneration rice cultivation mode, greatly reduces the labor intensity of agricultural production, and solves the problems of labor shortage and low benefit of rice production. The production cost of the rice is reduced by 400 yuan per mu, the labor for rice production is reduced by 70%, the rice production profit is more than 500 yuan per mu, and the mechanized level of the production of the regenerated rice is driven to be rapidly improved.

In the invention, when the first season rice is mechanically cut, according to the growth period characteristics of varieties, the first season rice with short growth period is mechanically cut by adopting a low pile machine, and the varieties with long growth period are mechanically cut by adopting a high pile machine. The rice in different growth periods adopts harvesting modes with different heights, so that the yield of the rice in the first season is ensured, the defect caused by harvesting the rice in different growth periods by adopting the same harvesting mode is overcome, and the condition that the yield of the rice in the regeneration period is influenced due to damage to regeneration tillering caused by improper harvesting height is avoided.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The embodiment comprises the following steps:

1. selecting improved medium-early maturing seeds

It is suitable to select high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties with moderate growth period, strong regeneration capability, compact plant type, thick and strong stems, medium tillering property, proper plant height, thick internodes, developed root system, fertilizer resistance and lodging resistance. In this embodiment, the varieties of Jia Lu zhan, Yongyou 2640 and Shenshui 676 are selected.

2. Finely soil preparation

The land preparation of the field requires dry ploughing, fine land preparation, irrigation and leveling, and ensures that the muddy field is flat and clean. After land preparation of a rice field, a ditch is opened at the distance of 2.7m, the depth of the ditch is 20cm, the width of the ditch is 25cm, the width of a furrow is 250cm, and the limit of not influencing seeding and field management is taken; in order to facilitate drainage and irrigation, a circumferential ditch is required to be formed, and the depth of the circumferential ditch is deeper than that of the furrow.

3. Determining the sowing time, and directly sowing by using precision machine

The method adopts a direct seeding-regeneration rice cultivation mode, the proper seeding period of first season rice is from 3 late month to 4 early months, and the heading and flowering period of regeneration rice is arranged to 9 middle months at latest.

The sensitive energy direct seeding machine (MN2016-10) is selected, the width of 10 rows is 2.48m, and the machine dibbling is more than the manual sowing of the sensitive energy direct seeding machine to form roots in rows, so that ventilation and light transmission are facilitated, and the diseases and pests such as banded sclerotial blight, rice planthopper and the like are reduced. In order to facilitate quick and uniform seedling emergence of direct-seeded rice, germination accelerating and seeding are required, and seeding is preferably performed when the seeds are broken and white. The amount of the hybrid seeds used per mu is 1.5kg, and the amount of the conventional seeds is about 3kg (germination test is carried out before sowing, and the germination rate of the seeds reaches more than 80%).

4. Intermittent irrigation

The water management of direct seeding rice is carried out according to the condition that the surface of the furrow is not watered after the rice is sowed, the water in the half ditch of the ditch is watered, and the seedling plate is wet. After the green leaves are green, the water-wet irrigation of the horse race is mainly carried out, if the horse race meets high-temperature weather, the water-wet irrigation is carried out in a row of days and nights, the water stain and the dry cracking of the field surface are prevented, and the uniform seedling is ensured; shallow water irrigation is carried out after the three-leaf period, and tillering is promoted; and (5) pouring thin-skinned water after five-leaf period to promote the early growth and quick growth of the seedlings. When the number of seedlings reaches 80% of the planned spike number, draining water in time, placing and baking the field, controlling ineffective tillering, promoting root system deep binding, enabling individuals to grow robustly and preventing lodging. In the booting stage, water is fed in time to grow ears, intermittent irrigation is adopted, soil is kept moist, root system activity is enhanced, and the aims of cultivating roots with gas, promoting roots with gas, protecting leaves and resisting lodging are achieved.

5. First season fertilization

Base fertilizer: applying 30kg of special fertilizer (13-5-7) for rice per mu; and (3) tillering fertilizer: in the four-leaf one-heart stage, 30kg of special rice fertilizer is applied to each mu of land to promote early growth and quick development and strive for low-position tillering; ear fertilization: when two leaves are poured and the tips are exposed (from the glume flower differentiation period to the pollen mother cell meiosis period), 30kg of special rice fertilizer is applied per mu as spike fertilizer, so that glume flower degradation is prevented from fighting for more grains, and the seed setting rate is improved.

6. Regeneration season skillful application seedling strengthening fertilizer

15-20 days after the first season rice is full of ears, the axillary buds of the mother stem germinate in large quantity, and start to enter the young ear differentiation from top to bottom, a large amount of nutrients are needed, at the moment, bud fertilizers are supplemented, the N content of the mother stem is increased, the root activity is kept, 4, 5 and 6 sections of axillary buds on the lower portion are kept not to be degraded, and 5kg of urea is applied per mu. And 6-7 days after harvesting the first season rice, when rice buds grow to be about 5cm, pouring thin water, and applying 20kg of urea and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu to promote uniform buds and strong seedlings. And (5 kg of urea is applied to each mu 15-20 days after harvesting to promote the growth of the regenerated season ears. And (3) spraying foliar fertilizers such as monopotassium phosphate for 1-2 times in the heading period to increase the grain weight.

7. First season rice machine cutter

The first season of the variety with short growing period adopts low pile machine cutting, and the variety with long growing period adopts high pile machine cutting. The proper pile cutting height of the head-season low-pile machine cutting is 2 internode heights of the base part and a protection section of 5-8cm, namely the height from the ground surface is 12-15 cm; the height of the pile suitable for head season high pile machine cutting is the middle part between 2 inverted sections (or 3 inverted leaf pillows), namely the height from the ground surface is 35-40 cm.

The regeneration tillering of the low-stake regenerated rice is mainly formed by germinating inverted 4 and 5 section axillary buds, the underground part tillering buds have independent root systems, but the nutrients of the underground part tillering buds completely depend on the mother stems for supplying during germination. When the mother ear is nearly mature, the grain filling of the mother ear is maximum, and the axillary buds are supplied with surplus nutrients. Therefore, the low-stake regenerated rice is harvested when the head season is yellow, and the surplus photosynthetic products of the mother stems are used for supplying axillary buds, so that the axillary buds are fully developed, the germination rate is improved, the differentiation number of the branches and stalks and glumes is increased, and the grain number of the ears is increased.

The stem of the overground part of the hybrid rice generally has about 6 nodes, except the uppermost node, each node is provided with an axillary bud, and each axillary bud has the potential capability of sprouting into spikes. The lower axillary buds of the 4-node and the 5-node are inverted, the germination rate can reach 60-70%, and the height of the first-season machine harvesting pile is about 12 cm. For japonica source varieties with the germination advantages of the low-node axillary buds, the high-node axillary buds basically do not germinate, the pile height is about 35cm, and the reserved nutrition section is favorable for the germination of the low-node regeneration buds.

8. Disease and pest control

The pesticide for preventing and treating the sucking mouth insects such as 'Jinhaochan' is sprayed immediately in the green period, and the control is carried out once every 7 days, so that the aims of preventing and treating insects can be achieved; in order to prevent the harm of migratory vector insects, diseased seedlings are found in the green turning and tillering stage of rice seedlings, and are pulled out in time, seedlings are supplemented in time, and pesticides for preventing and controlling sucking mouthpart pests such as 'golden good year' and the like are sprayed in time. And (3) preventing and controlling rice planthoppers in time from the water young ear differentiation period to the booting period: and (3) spraying 0-60 kg of water with 20-25 g of 25% chlorpheniramine wettable powder or 10-15 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu when the young ear differentiation period reaches the booting period and the average number of each cluster is 20 and the filling maturity period is 30. And (3) prevention and treatment of sheath blight: in the tillering to booting stage, when the morbidity of the bush reaches 15-20%, spraying 75kg of 5% validamycin 300mL of water per mu. Controlling pests and diseases such as leaf rollers, chilo suppressalis, tryporyza incertulas and the like according to the information of the pests and diseases at the tillering stage; the pesticide such as 'ai miao', 'tricyclazole', 'good labour' or 'abamectin' is sprayed in the initial ear-breaking period, so that the pesticide can treat neck blast, white ear and false smut simultaneously.

9. Weeding

For no-tillage direct seeding fields or plowing direct seeding fields with more weeds in the future, particularly idle fields, in order to reduce the residual quantity of old weeds, the field is prepared 5-7 days before seeding, and 250mL of herbicide 12% of oxadiargyl emulsifiable solution can be mixed with water for spraying. After 3 days of sowing, 100g of 30% bensulfuron methyl and pretilachlor (brilliant sickle) wettable powder serving as a herbicide is applied while the field is wet, and then 30kg of water is added for even spraying. In the four-leaf one-heart period, 70g of 69 percent bensulfuron methyl and mefenacet wettable powder is applied to each mu in combination with tillering fertilizer for broadcasting, and water is preserved for 3 days after application.

Example 2

The present example carried out a study of a direct seeded ratooning rice test:

1. growing period of direct seeding ratoon rice

In this embodiment, the varieties of Jia Lu zhan, Yongyou 2640 and Shenshui 676 are selected. All the varieties are directly sown at 4 months and 7 days in 2016, the first season growth period is 120-132 days, the regeneration season growth period is 71-82 days, and the whole growth period is 193-203 days (Table 1). Wherein, the optimum spoke accounts for the head season and is cut by the pile machine, and the regeneration season is 9 months and 13 days, and the spikes are aligned; the Yongyou 2640-head season high-pile machine is used for cutting, but the regenerated spike is basically formed by germinating inverted 4 and 5 sections of axillary buds, and the spike is aligned after 9 months and 17 days; the growing period of the deep two excellent 676 seasons is longer, a high-pile machine is adopted for cutting, the regenerated spike is basically formed by germination of 2 sections and 3 sections of axillary buds, and the spike is aligned after 17 days of 9 months; if the deep two excellent 676 seasons adopt the low pile machine for cutting, according to the experimental data, the growth period of the regeneration season can be prolonged by 15-20 days, and the safe spike alignment of the regeneration season can not be caused. Therefore, when the sowing time of the first season of the direct seeding regeneration rice is arranged, the heading and flowering time of the regeneration rice should be arranged to be 9 middle-ten days at latest according to the growth period characteristics of the variety. Other conditions were the same as in example 1.

TABLE 1 direct seeding ratoon rice growth process

2. Yield and composition thereof

The highest yield of the first season is deep double excellences 676, and the actual cutting yield is 31.20 kg/mu. The yield of the fertilizer is as follows: the effective spike number is 15.50 ten thousand per mu, the spike grain number is 139.98 grains, the setting rate is 91.21 percent, and the thousand grain weight is 28.3g (Table 2). The highest yield in the regeneration season is the best radiation occupation, and the actual cutting yield is 326.50 kg/mu. The yield of the fertilizer is as follows: the effective spike number is 16.21 ten thousand per mu, the spike grain number is 78.75 grains, the setting rate is 94.12 percent, and the thousand grain weight is 28.35g (Table 3). The highest annual output is Yongyou 2640, the first season actual cutting output is 518.75 kg/mu, the regeneration season is 316.35 kg/mu, and the annual output is 835.10 kg/mu. As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the regenerated season has smaller spike heads, fewer spike grains, more spikes per unit area, and the yield is increased by more spikes in the regenerated season. The effective spike number in a regeneration season can be influenced due to different tillering capabilities of rice varieties, and a variety with stronger tillering force is preferably selected for direct seeding-regeneration rice cultivation.

TABLE 2 yield of ratooning rice and composition thereof

TABLE 3 ratooning rice yield in the season and composition thereof

Example 3

The embodiment is a study on the suitable pile cutting height of the regenerated rice head season:

the test site is Tou village in Western Town, Yuxi county, and the variety to be tested is conventional high-quality rice Jia Luo zhan. Sowing seeds 3 and 13 days in 2016, mechanically transplanting seeds 9 and 4 days, planting distance 30cm multiplied by 20cm, aligning seeds at 25 days in 6 months, and mechanically cutting the seeds at 27 days in 7 months. The harvester is produced by willow agricultural machinery plant in Zhejiang province, with cutting width of 180cm, and cutting 6 rows at a time. The regeneration season of the head-season low pile machine cutting treatment is 22 days after 9 months and is uniform with spikes, the regeneration season of the head-season high pile machine cutting rows which are not rolled by chain tracks is 7 days after 9 months and is uniform with spikes after 10 months and 12 days after 10 months. Experiment set 2 height processing of machine cutting: A. cutting the high pile by a machine, wherein the pile cutting height is 35 cm; B. and (4) cutting the low pile by a machine, wherein the pile cutting height is 12 cm.

(1) Influence of mechanical harvesting on rice stake and regeneration tillering germination node

High-pile mechanical cutting (the height of the cut pile is 35-40cm), keeping all stem axillary buds of 4 rows of rice piles which are not subjected to caterpillar track rolling, and taking tillers with 2-section axillary buds and 3-section axillary buds as more tillers; the 2-row rice piles rolled by caterpillar tracks are broken at a height of about 15cm from the ground surface, the vascular bundle system in the stem at the broken part of the rice pile is collapsed, the water and nutrient supply to upper axillary buds is cut off, the axillary buds of 2 and 3 sections are inactivated, and the ear forming tillering is tillering of the axillary buds of 4 and 5 sections. If the low-pile machine is used for cutting (the pile cutting height is 12cm), the inverted 2 and 3 axillary buds are all cut off, the spike formation tillering is tillering of the inverted 4 and 5 axillary buds, wherein the two and three days later, the rice piles of 2 rows rolled by the caterpillar track stand steadily, the tillering is started together with the rice piles of 4 rows not rolled by the caterpillar track, and the full tillering period is started 10 days later after the machine is used for cutting.

Table 4 shows the results of the sampling observation of the row of the high-pile machine cutting treatment mill: the height of the machine cut pile is 34.7 +/-1.6 cm; the height of the axillary bud implantation positions of 5, 4, 3 and 2 sections (equivalent to the sections of 5, 4, 3 and 2 sections) from the ground surface is respectively 0.9 +/-0.6 cm, 4.4 +/-1.6 cm, 14.0 +/-2.2 cm and 29.6 +/-2.4 cm; the distance between the broken part of the rice stake rolled by caterpillar tracks and the ground surface is 15.5 +/-3.2 cm, which is equivalent to the position near the axillary bud implantation of the inverted 3 knots. The high pile machine is cut, rolled and sampled, and cultivated in shallow water in a horizontal direction, so that a plurality of inverted 4 and 5 sections of tillers thrive, and only a few of inverted 3 sections of axillary buds which are lower than the broken part by more than 5cm germinate but have weak growth potential. Occasionally, 2 sections of axillary buds of a rice pile slightly ground occasionally germinate, but the rice pile stops growing only by pulling one or two leaves.

TABLE 4 height of tillering height, germination number and growth status of each node regeneration tillering when high pile machine cuts milled rice pile

Tillering joint	Tillering base height from ground surface (cm)	Number of tillering sprues	Growth status of tillering
				Pouring 5	0.9±0.6	12	Strengthening the fruit
Pouring 4	4.4±1.6	16	Strengthening the fruit
				Pouring 3	14.0±2.2	7	Thin and weak
2. falling of	29.6±2.4	3	Stopping growth

Note: the data in the table are the investigation results of the 10 days after the machine cutting on the 30 rice piles in the 2 clusters; the height of the machine-cut remained pile is 34.7 +/-1.6 cm, and the height of the ground surface from the rolled and damaged part of the rice pile is 15.5 +/-3.2 cm; when investigated, the tillering was germinated for most of one time, and the second tillering (tillering) which did not germinate after one month was counted.

(2) First season two-machine cutting height regeneration season growth process

Table 5 shows that the high-pile machine cutting treatment of the upright plant rows mainly comprises 2 and 3 tillering branches for germination, early breeding and early maturing, and maturing 42 days (9 months and 7 days) after the first-season machine cutting and 35 days (10 months and 12 days) after the ear aligning; high pile machine cutting processing rolling plant rows and low pile machine cutting processing plant rows, wherein 4-node tillers and 5-node tillers sprout, the tillers grow late and mature late, and are aligned with ears 57 days (22 days at 9 months) after the first machine cutting, and are aligned with ears 35 days (27 days at 10 months) after the first machine cutting. It should be noted that the heading period and the mature period of the two types of plant rows of the high-pile mechanical cutting field are 15 days apart.

Table 5 season Rep tillering heading period with different machine cutting heights

Note: the high pile erecting means that the high pile machine cuts rice piles to maintain upright plant rows without being rolled by chain tracks; high pile rolling refers to the high pile machine cutting the row of rice piles rolled by caterpillar tracks; the low pile erecting means that the low pile machine cuts the row of rice piles which are not rolled by the chain track and keep upright and the row which is rolled by the chain track but quickly restores to stand.

(3) Regenerated tillering ear grain character of two machine cutting heights in head season

Table 6 shows that the low pile cutter treatment is mainly responsible for the regeneration tillering of the basal nodes such as 4, 5, etc. nodes in germination. The rice has more spikes, the average number of the spikes per cluster is 26.6, and the yield is higher. Wherein, the tillers account for 64 percent of the total spike number and 72 percent of the total production at one time, 36 percent of the total spike number and 28 percent of the total production.

Table 6 heading for different heights of mechanically-cut and rows of regenerated tillering

Note: 2, 3, 4, 5: indicates the sprinks (tillering second time) sprouting from 2, 3, 4, 5 bits of tillering respectively.

The high pile driver cuts rice piles which are not rolled by a caterpillar track and keep upright, like high pile hand-cut field blocks, mainly germinates 2, 3 and other upper parts of the rice piles, and also germinates 4 tillers, and the total leaves are few, the growth period is short, the spikes are small, the number of the tillers in germination is also small, the number of the spikes is small, and the yield is low due to the average 20 spikes per cluster. Wherein, the tillers account for 87 percent of the total spike number, 90 percent of the total production at one time, 13 percent of the total spike number and 10 percent of the total production. Compared with the low pile cutting treatment, the method has the advantages that the spike is slightly small, the setting rate is close to the thousand-grain weight, the maximum difference is that the spike number is small, and mainly the tiller spike number is small.

The high pile machine cuts the rice piles rolled by the caterpillar tracks, the rice piles are recovered to stand two or three days after the machine cutting, the regeneration tillering begins to germinate, and like the low pile machine cutting, the regeneration tillering of the basal parts such as 4, 5 sections and the like which are germinated is also taken as the main part, and more tillering germinates are germinated, and finally the spike number, the grain number per spike, the maturing rate and the thousand-grain weight of the high pile machine are all similar to the low pile machine cutting.

Although the high pile machine cuts the regeneration tillers of the rice piles rolled by the caterpillar tracks and has the high yield character similar to the regeneration tillers cut by the low pile machine, the high pile machine only accounts for about 30 percent of the total plant row number, the maturity period of the high pile machine is 15 days later than the plant rows which are not rolled by the caterpillar tracks and kept upright, and the whole field is lost and the yield is greatly lost by one-time machine cutting.

(4) First season two-height machine cutting regeneration season yield

Cutting by a high pile driver and cutting by a low pile driver, and cutting 70 clusters of paddy rice in each cell in the mature period to measure yield. However, the high pile machine has two types of plant rows, the number of the plant rows rolled by the caterpillar tracks accounts for 1/3, the number of the plant rows rolled by the caterpillar tracks at the end accounts for 2/3, the mature period of the rice is 15 days apart, the yield can only be measured by hand cutting in the corresponding mature period, the cluster number of the yield measured in each cell is determined according to the proportion of the plant rows to the total plant rows, and finally the yield is accumulated in each cell (table 7).

The yield measurement data of each treated district is converted into the yield per unit area, and the result is shown in table 8, the low pile machine cutting treatment yield is increased by 27.6% compared with the high pile machine cutting treatment yield, and the difference reaches the extremely obvious standard. It should be noted that the high pile machine cuts two types of plants at mature period of 15 days apart, and the yield is accumulated by hand cutting in two periods, and the plants cannot be harvested by machine in stages. If the high-pile vertical row rice is cut by a machine once when ripe, the rice of the rolling row is still grouted and the withered rice is collected; if the machine is cut once when the high-pile rolling row is mature, the high-pile vertical row rice is over-mature and a large amount of grains are fallen. Thus, high pile cutover processes such as one-shot cutover will yield significantly lower than the yield summarized by the staged hand-cutover shown in table 5.

A. The regeneration tillering is formed by the germination of the stem axillary buds on the first season rice stump. And (3) cutting by using a low pile machine in the first season (the height of the cut pile is 12cm), cutting off the axillary buds of 2 and 3 sections, and tillering the tillering of the regenerated season into tillering and tillering of the axillary buds of 4 and 5 sections, wherein the tillering and tillering have more eared numbers, larger ears and late-maturing after late-breeding.

B. In the first season, high-pile machine cutting is adopted (the pile cutting height is 35cm), two plant rows appear, wherein one plant row is 2/3 plant rows, the rice pile keeps all stem axillary buds, but tillering of 2-node axillary buds and 3-node axillary buds is mainly performed, tillering is less, the number of formed spikes is less, the spikes are smaller, and early-maturing is achieved; the other type has 1/3 plant rows, rice piles are rolled by a harvester caterpillar track, damaged at the thin and weak part with the height of about 15cm from the ground surface, inverted 2 and 3 sections of axillary buds are inactivated, regenerated season spike tillers are tillers with inverted 4 and 5 sections of axillary buds sprouting and tillers thereof, and similar to low pile machine cutting plant rows, the spikes are larger, and late breeding and late maturing are realized. However, the maturity periods of the two plants are 15 days apart, and the harvest can be regarded as different.

C. The overground part of the regenerated rice head has 6 internodes, wherein 2 basal internodes which the planted 4 and 5 axillary buds belong to are thick, short and hard and are 5 +/-2 cm high from the ground surface; the middle sections of the axillary buds of the growing sections 2 and 3 are slender and fragile, have large bending moment and are most easily broken when being rolled by a chain track of a harvester or being attacked by strong wind and rain. The suitable pile cutting height of the head low-pile machine cutting is 2 internode heights of the base part and a 5-8cm protective section, namely the height from the ground surface is 12-15cm, 4 and 5 sections of axillary buds can be injured when the height is too low, two types of plant rows can be generated when the height is too high, and the maturity period is different.

TABLE 7 weight of rice produced by hand-cutting each plant and row type of each cell

TABLE 8 comparison of the throughput per unit area for each treatment

Note: PLSD_0.05＝491kg·hm^-2，PLSD_0.01＝901kg·hm^-2。

Other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of direct seeding ratoon rice is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting medium-early maturing fine varieties; (2) finely preparing the soil; (3) directly sowing first season rice by using a precision machine, wherein the suitable sowing period of the first season rice is from 3 late months to 4 early months, and the heading and flowering period of the regenerated season of the ratoon rice is arranged to be 9 middle days at latest; (4) intermittent irrigation; (5) fertilizing in first season; (6) applying strong seedling fertilizer in a regeneration season; (7) first season rice is mechanically cut, the first season of varieties with short growing period is mechanically cut by adopting a low pile machine, and the first season of varieties with long growing period is mechanically cut by adopting a high pile machine; (8) treating diseases and pests; (9) removing weeds;

the proper pile cutting height of the head-season low-pile machine cutting is 2 internode heights of the base part plus a 5-8cm protection section, and the height from the ground surface is 12-15 cm; the height of the pile suitable for head high pile machine cutting is the middle part between 2 inverted nodes or 3 inverted leaf pillows, and the distance from the ground surface is 35-40 cm;

the regeneration ear cut by the high pile machine is mainly germinated into the ear by inverted 4 and 5 axillary buds or inverted 2 and 3 axillary buds; the regenerated ear cut by the low pile machine is mainly formed by germinating 4-node axillary buds and 5-node axillary buds.

2. The method for cultivating direct-seeded ratoon rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratoon rice variety is selected from the group consisting of elite, Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 676.

3. The cultivation method of direct-seeding ratoon rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first season rice of Yongyou 2640 is cut by a high pile machine, the first season rice of Jia Zhan is cut by a low pile machine, and the two varieties of ratooning ears are mainly formed by germination of inverted 4 and 5 axillary buds; the growing period of the first season rice is longer in the deep two excellent 676 seasons, the first season rice is cut by a high-pile machine, and the regeneration ears of the first season rice are mainly germinated into ears by inverted 2 and 3 sections of axillary buds.

4. The cultivation method of direct seeding ratoon as claimed in claim 1, wherein said precision planter is selected from a sensitive energy direct planter MN2016-10, with a 10 row width of 2.48 m.

5. The method for cultivating direct-seeded ratoon rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein 30kg of fertilizer dedicated to paddy rice per mu is applied as a base fertilizer during first season fertilization; in the four-leaf one-heart stage, 30kg of special rice fertilizer is applied to each mu of land as a tillering fertilizer, so that the early growth and the quick development are promoted, and low-position tillering is strived for; when two leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, 30kg of special rice fertilizer is applied to each mu of land as spike fertilizer, so that more grains are prevented from being dug by glume flower degradation, and the seed setting rate is improved.

6. The cultivation method of direct seeding ratoon rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein when strong seedling fertilizer is applied in the ratoon season, 5kg urea is applied per mu 15-20 days after the first season rice is aligned with the ear to promote the germination of the axillary bud of the mother stem; 6-7 days after harvesting the first season rice, pouring thin water, and applying 20kg of urea and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu to promote uniform buds and strong seedlings; applying 5kg of urea to each mu 15-20 days after harvesting the first season rice to promote the growth of the regenerated season ears; and (3) spraying monopotassium phosphate for 1-2 times in the heading period of the regeneration season to promote the leaf fertilizer to increase the grain weight.

7. The cultivation method of direct-seeding ratoon rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein when diseases and pests are treated, the division period of young ears is from the booting period, 20-25 g of wettable powder containing 25% chlorpheniramine or 10-15 g of wettable powder containing 10% imidacloprid is sprayed on 50-60 kg of water when the average amount of each cluster is 20 and the filling maturity period is 30, so as to control rice planthopper; in the tillering to booting stage, when the morbidity of clusters reaches 15-20%, spraying 300mL of 5% validamycin and 75kg of water per mu to prevent and control sheath blight; at the beginning of the initial ear-piercing period, the pesticides 'Aimiao', 'tricyclazole', 'good labor' or 'abamectin' are sprayed to prevent neck blast, white ear and false smut.

8. The cultivation method of direct seeding ratoon as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in weeding, 5-7 days before seeding, combining with soil preparation, 250mL of herbicide 12% Nongsita emulsifiable solution can be mixed with water for spraying; after 3 days of sowing, 100g of 30 percent bensulfuron methyl and pretilachlor wettable powder serving as herbicide is applied to the field while the field is wet, and then 30kg of water is added, and the mixture is uniformly sprayed; in the four-leaf one-heart period, 70g of 69 percent bensulfuron methyl and mefenacet wettable powder is applied to each mu in combination with tillering fertilizer for broadcasting, and water is preserved for 3 days after application.