CN112753506A

CN112753506A - Simple rice cultivation method by feeding water after sowing

Info

Publication number: CN112753506A
Application number: CN202110098223.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安永平; 强爱玲; 马洪文; 冯伟东; 马静; 王彩芬; 王坚; 刘炜; 孙建昌; 史延丽; 程晋龙
Original assignee: CROP Research Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: CROP Research Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2021-01-25
Filing date: 2021-01-25
Publication date: 2021-05-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a simple cultivation method for feeding water after rice sowing, which comprises preparation before cultivation, cultivation process and cultivation management; the preparation before cultivation comprises the following steps: land preparation and seed preparation before sowing, wherein the cultivation process specifically comprises the following steps: directly sowing the rice seeds into a rice field in the last ten days of 4 months, and completing the processes of germination, seedling emergence and growth in the rice field until harvesting; the cultivation management takes place in the cultivation process and comprises the following links: water layer management, weeding, fertilizer operation and planning and pest control. The invention directly sows the rice seeds into the rice field, germinates and emerges to grow until harvesting, is a direct seeding simple cultivation mode, is different from the traditional rice production mode, and omits the links of seedling (seedling) raising and transplanting rice transplanting into the field, thereby effectively saving labor and labor, saving trouble, reducing production cost and making the rice production relatively easy.

Description

Simple rice cultivation method by feeding water after sowing

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a simple rice cultivation method by feeding water after sowing.

Background

In traditional rice production, seedlings are sown in a seedling raising shed or a seedling raising pool, and after the seedlings grow for a period of time (about 1 month) to reach a certain height, the seedlings are taken from a seedling bed and transplanted to a rice field. The seedling raising process has the advantages of more procedures, more labor, higher cost, more acrid and bitter taste, high seedling management requirement, more links, long time, low quality of the managed seedlings, easy occurrence of diseases (damping off), heavy weight of the seedlings after being transplanted into a field and yield reduction.

In addition, when the rice is planted in a newly-reclaimed wasteland or a land block with heavy saline-alkali soil by adopting a traditional rice production mode, because the soil of the wasteland is not cured and has poor soil physicochemical properties, and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is higher, after the rice is transplanted with seedlings, the seedlings have a process of reviving the new roots and surviving, the process is long in time, so that after the rice is transplanted into the rice fields of the types such as the newly-reclaimed wasteland or the land block with heavy saline-alkali soil, the new roots grow slowly, the seedlings are revived for a long time, the green returning is slow, the tillering is less, the dead seedlings are serious, the problems of insufficient harvested spikes and low yield are finally caused, and the yield per mu is generally 300-400 kg.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a simple rice cultivation method by feeding water after sowing, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art in the background technology.

The method comprises the steps of preparation before cultivation, cultivation process and cultivation management; the preparation before cultivation comprises the following steps: land preparation and seed preparation before sowing, wherein the cultivation process specifically comprises the following steps: directly sowing the rice seeds into a rice field in the last ten days of 4 months, and completing the processes of germination, seedling emergence and growth in the rice field until harvesting; the cultivation management takes place in the cultivation process and comprises the following links: water layer management, weeding, fertilizer operation and planning and pest control.

Preferably, the paddy field is a newly reclaimed wasteland or a land block with heavy saline-alkali; the water layer management comprises water layer management of a seedling keeping stage, a tillering stage, a jointing and booting stage and a maturation stage; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the seedling protection period is the period from germination acceleration after rice seeding and pesticide sealing to 4-5 primary roots growing out of rice seedlings, and the water layer management process in the seedling protection period comprises the following steps:

soaking seeds in big water: timely irrigating water after the rice is sowed and sealed, wherein the initial irrigation water layer is 10-12 cm and is kept for 5-7 d, so that seeds absorb water and sprout, the function of alkali washing salt is exerted, and good standing conditions are created for the germination and root binding of rice seeds;

accelerating germination in shallow water: when the seeds are exposed to the white, the water is preferably small in size, so that the ground temperature is improved, the air permeability is improved, and the germination and rooting of the seeds are promoted;

dry, wet and wet rooting: the length of a seed bud root is 2 cm-4 cm, the length of a bud sheath is 3 cm-5 cm, the seed bud root should fall for 0.5 d-1 d, the saline-alkali soil should be managed by adopting dry or bright mud in the shade or at night, and the seed bud should normally fall and dry the field after incomplete leaves turn green and true leaves come out of the sheath;

and (3) drying and airing the field: watering the field to dry and dry to realize alternation of dry and wet, covering the field with water layers and exposing seedlings, promoting root growth until 4-5 primary roots grow out of the rice seedlings and the field is dried and dried when the length exceeds the bud length, and achieving the purposes of protecting the seedlings and growing strong seedlings;

the water layer management process in the tillering stage comprises the following steps: separating milk from the rice in the three-leaf stage, transferring into autotrophy, entering the tillering stage, promoting early and quick tillering and cultivating strong tillering in a management center, and maintaining a 3-6 cm shallow water layer for management so as to improve the ground temperature and promote the growth of tillering buds, wherein the stage is finished in about 6 late ten days;

the water layer management process of the jointing and booting stage comprises the following steps: in late 6 months, when the rice enters an ineffective tillering stage, the rice begins to pull out the joints and bear the ears, ineffective tillering should be inhibited, and field baking is carried out on a field block with vigorous growth so as to promote the growth and development of main stems and effective tillers; the water layer (12 cm-15 cm) is properly enlarged from the late stage of rice booting to before heading, so as to prevent low-temperature cold damage and glume flower degeneration;

the mature period comprises heading, flowering and grouting periods, and the water layer management process of the mature period comprises the following steps: from 8 middle to last ten days of the month, a water layer is prevented from being established for a long time or the field surface is free of water for a long time, so that lodging is prevented and rice grouting is prevented from being influenced; most of the rice ears in the field are low, and most of the rice grains are cut off when reaching the middle stage of maturity, so that lodging and influence on mechanical harvesting are prevented.

Preferably, in the pre-sowing soil preparation, in the 3 rd to 4 th ten days, a laser flat field machine is applied to pull a flat field mouth, cut a straight edge and draw a flat ridge ditch, and the height difference in a irrigation surface is 2 cm-3 cm;

in the seed preparation, early-maturing and medium-maturing high-quality varieties with the growth period of 135 d-145 d are selected, and the seeds are aired, coated, aired and attached with mud.

Preferably, the seeding of the cultivation process is: sowing at 12 ℃ in 4-month late ten days, wherein the sowing amount is 15-22.5 kg/mu.

Preferably, the fertilizer operation comprises the following specific contents:

the whole growth period is 666.7m per unit²Applying inorganic fertilizer: 14 kg-16 kg of pure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus pentoxide (P)₂O₅)4 kg-8 kg of potassium oxide (K)₂O)0kg to 5 kg; wherein, nitrogen fertilizer basal application is 40-50%, topdressing is 50-60%, and phosphorus potassium fertilizer is all basal application; the organic fertilizer is organic fine fertilizer30 kg-50 kg or 500 kg-1000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure; the application amount of a specific fertilizer variety is converted according to the content of available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like; the fertilizing amount is adjusted according to the factors such as land fertility, crop rotation, target yield and the like according to the soil testing formula fertilizing technology and the formula thereof;

topdressing in the three-leaf stage: topdressing should be carried out on the rice 25-30 days after watering and when the leaves are 3 years old; 10-15% of pure nitrogen in the whole growth period is topdressed per mu, namely 2-3 kg, which is 5-6 kg of urea or 15-20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate; at the moment, topdressing is needed, big water seal seedlings need to be prevented, and the rice field with poor leakage needs to be more careful;

and (3) tillering fertilizer: tillering is started at the rice leaf age of 3.5-4, and each rice leaf age period is 666.7m²Applying 20-30% of pure nitrogen in the whole growth period, namely 4-6 kg, and converting into 9-12 kg of urea; the tillering fertilizer is applied twice, and the interval period is 6-7 days; when in top dressing, the fertilizer should be properly added and reduced according to the growth vigor of rice seedlings, and the principle of less top dressing of strong seedlings and more top dressing of weak seedlings is followed; during topdressing, a water layer of 4-6 cm is established on the field surface to avoid topdressing with dew to prevent seedlings from burning;

ear fertilization: when the leaf stage is 2, 10 to 15 percent of pure nitrogen in the whole growth period is applied for 666.7m2, 2 to 3kg of pure nitrogen is applied per mu, namely 5 to 6kg of urea; the spreading is uniform according to the principle that the growth vigor is increased or decreased, and strong seedlings are little chased after weak seedlings are much chased;

granular fertilizer: in the full heading period of rice, the rice is grown in weak condition, the leaf color is yellow, and the rice is expressed in fields or parts of rice in the fields which are lack of fertilizer and are fertilized, and the rice grain length is 666.7m²1 kg-1.5 kg of pure nitrogen is applied, which is equivalent to 2 kg-3 kg of urea; the additional fertilization should be done with caution, if the rice leaves are dark and grow vigorously, no additional fertilization or little additional fertilization should be done, otherwise, the number of the additional fertilization needs to be increased;

and (3) leaf fertilizer: in different growth periods of rice, foliage dressing should be carried out in combination with pest control, nutrient elements which may be lacked are supplemented, growth and development are promoted, and the yield is increased; the concentration of the foliar fertilizer should be controlled to be 0.1-0.3%.

Preferably, the specific contents of weeding include:

pre-emergence sealing: after the rice is sowed and before the rice is watered, the rice is fed in water at a rate of 666.7m²Spraying or spraying with 20kg water or urea by mixing with 10g of pyriben or 150mL of 90% herbicide-containing pellet or 100mL of dimetamineSealing the surface;

chemical weeding at full month: carrying out chemical weed killing when the leaf age reaches 3-3.5 leaves, selecting a herbicide according to the types of weeds in the rice field, and applying the herbicide strictly according to the requirements of pesticides;

artificial auxiliary weed control: weeds missed to be killed in the field are removed in time on the basis of chemical weed control.

The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a simple rice cultivation method by feeding water after sowing, and the technical key points of the invention are as follows:

1. leveling the field by laser, wherein the height difference in the irrigation surface is not more than 3 cm;

2. seed treatment

The seed vitality is increased by sunning, the seeds are coated by a seed coating agent according to the required dosage, and mud is attached after airing to prevent germs such as bakanae disease and the like;

3. seeding

Sowing time: sowing can be carried out after the local average temperature is stable and passes 12 ℃, generally in late 4-month ten days;

seeding rate: 15-22.5 kg/mu;

a seeding machine: sowing by using a rice precision hill planter or a manual drill seeder;

4. weeding

Pre-emergence sealing: after the rice is sowed and before the rice is watered, the rice is fed in water at a rate of 666.7m²Spraying or spraying with 20kg of water or urea by adding 150mL of bifida or 90% of prosapox or 100mL of dimethoate, and sealing the field surface; accurate dosage and no leakage; irrigating water on the day of drug application to establish a water layer;

chemical weeding: carrying out chemical weed killing when the leaf age reaches 3-3.5 leaves; selecting a herbicide according to the species of weeds in the rice field, and applying the herbicide strictly according to the requirements of pesticides; the weeds in the paddy field mainly comprise three types, namely grassy weeds (mainly barnyard grass), broad-leaved weeds and cyperaceae weeds, if the grass weeds in the paddy field are mainly barnyard grass, herbicides which are mainly used for removing the barnyard grass and are secondarily used for killing the weeds, and the weeds are used for killing the weeds every 666.7m²40-60 mL of Daojie (2.5% penoxsulam), 10g of + 'Weinong' or propanil (10% cyhalofop-butyl and special auxiliary agent) are mixed with 20kg of water to spray and kill weedsDraining accumulated water in the dry rice field before, exposing two thirds of weeds out of the water surface, building a water layer of 5-8 cm within 24-72 hours after spraying, and keeping the water layer for 5-7 d; mixing 30g of bensulfuron-methyl and 10g of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl with soil, and spreading in rice field mainly containing broadleaf weeds and cyperaceae; spraying 10g of Europe and 15kg of water to kill weeds in a paddy field mainly comprising old common burreed rhizome;

5. fertilizing

Applying 15-16 kg of pure nitrogen P to each mu in the whole growth period₂O₅ 7～8kg、K₂O4 kg; the using principle of the fertilizer is 'promoting before, controlling in the middle, supplementing after' increasing phosphorus and controlling nitrogen, the proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus is about 2: 1; 15kg of diammonium and 10kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of base fertilizer; topdressing the seedling fertilizer 5 months and 25 days before and after, and 5-7 kg of urea is applied per mu; applying tillering fertilizer 5-10 days in 6 months, applying 7-8 kg of urea per mu, and topdressing by seedling in the middle stage;

6. irrigation water

After the rice is sowed and sealed, water should be irrigated in time, and the initial irrigation water layer should reach 10 cm-12 cm;

soaking seeds in big water: after the initial irrigation, a water layer of 10-12 cm is established on the field surface, and the water layer is kept for 5-7 d, so that the seeds absorb water and sprout, the function of alkali washing salt is exerted, and good standing conditions are created for the germination and root binding of the rice seeds;

and (3) drying and airing the field: watering the field to dry and dry to realize alternation of dry and wet, covering the field with water layers and exposing seedlings, promoting root growth until 4-5 primary roots grow out of the rice seedlings and the field is dried and dried when the length exceeds the bud length, and achieving the purposes of protecting the seedlings and growing strong seedlings; avoiding the phenomena that the root system of the rice seedling grows weakly and develops, the seedling dies and floats due to the fact that the rice seedling is stuffy in water and lifted;

the water layer management at the tillering stage and the booting stage is the same as that of rice transplanting.

7. Pest control

The diseases and insect pests of rice in the irrigated area mainly comprise rice blast and rice planthopper; the prevention and control of diseases and insects should be carried out mainly on the basis of prevention and comprehensive prevention and control; the rice blast is generally prevented for three times in the whole growth period, the first time is in the last 6-7 months, the second time is before heading, and the third time is after heading; the key control is carried out on rainy and high-humidity meteorological conditions and field pieces with large field density; the disease-preventing medicines should be used alternately; the spraying amount is accurate, the spraying is even, and the pesticide is not heavy and leak-proof, so as to ensure the control effect. Different types of pesticides and bactericides are selected according to the types and the harm characteristics of the plant diseases and insect pests. The agents such as tricyclazole, tricyclazole + kresoxim-methyl and Fushiyi are recommended for preventing and treating rice blast.

8. Harvesting at the right time

42 days after the ear-plucking, when more than 98% of rice grains of the rice ears on the field surface reach the middle and later stage of the wax ripening, 95% of the grains turn golden yellow, and the optimal harvest stage is when the water content of the rice grains is 19% -22%.

Compared with the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention directly broadcasts the rice seeds into the paddy field, sprouts and emerges and grows until harvesting, is a direct seeding light and simple cultivation mode, and is different from the traditional paddy production mode, the invention omits the links of seedling (seedling) cultivation and transplanting the rice seedlings into the field, thereby effectively saving labor and trouble, reducing the production cost and making the paddy production relatively easy;

(2) the method is characterized in that rice seeds are sowed in a rice field in a direct seeding light and simple cultivation mode, when the sowed rice field is a newly-reclaimed wasteland or a land block with heavy saline-alkali, the seedling transplanting rooting process is omitted, the root system growth of the rice seeds after seedling formation is well stressed by saline-alkali, the seedling death rate is less, the seeding amount is larger, and the number of harvested spikes is guaranteed.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

1. Soil preparation before sowing

Selecting land: and (3) planting and producing rice in perennial low-lying saline-alkali land and river beach land with heavy salt and alkali (total salt content is more than 3.5 thousandth) in Ningxia silver northern land and newly reclaimed wasteland.

Deep ploughing stubble cleaning

And deeply ploughing and cleaning stubbles after harvesting the previous stubbles, wherein the ploughing depth is 18-22 cm.

Laser paddy field

In the middle ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, a laser flat field machine is applied to pull a flat field mouth, cut and straighten the edge of the land and draw a flat ridge ditch, and the height difference in the irrigation surface is 2 cm-3 cm.

Raking soil, loosening soil and pressing

And 4, in the middle ten days of the month, applying the base fertilizer after leveling the ground, and heavily raking and drying the soil by using a gap rake or carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth is 15-18 cm, so that the base fertilizer is uniformly buried in the soil, and the full-layer fertilization is realized. The harrows and harrows the land with wide and harrowed diagonal angles and with smooth and harrowed borders, so that the land surface is smooth. Creating a deep dry soil layer to increase the ground temperature.

The soil block is pressed for multiple times before sowing, so that the seeds are prevented from entering the soil joint to influence the seedling emergence.

Ridging

Ridging is carried out after pressing, the new ridge is not suitable to deviate from the past position, and the ridge slope is prevented from being too steep and the ridge is prevented from collapsing; the width of the bottom of the ridge is 80-90 cm, the width of the top is 25-30 cm, and the height is 30-35 cm; the two ends are tightly connected, the height and the width are consistent, and the ridge ditch is leveled.

2. Fertilizer operation research

Fertilizer preparation

The whole growth period is 666.7m per unit²Applying inorganic fertilizer: 14 kg-16 kg of pure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus pentoxide (P)₂O₅)4 kg-8 kg of potassium oxide (K)₂O)0kg to 5 kg. Wherein: nitrogen fertilizer basal application is 40-50%, topdressing is 50-60%, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is completely basal application. Organic fertilizer: 30 kg-50 kg of organic fertilizer or decomposed farmyard500 kg-1000 kg of fertilizer. The application amount of a specific fertilizer variety is converted according to the content of available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like. The fertilizing amount is adjusted according to the factors of land fertility, crop rotation, target yield and the like and according to the soil testing formula fertilizing technology and the formula thereof.

Three-leaf stage top dressing

After 25-30 days after the rice is watered and the leaf age is 3, top dressing should be carried out in time. 10-15% of pure nitrogen in the whole growth period is applied for each mu, namely 2-3 kg, which is equivalent to 5-6 kg of urea or 15-20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. At this time, the rice field with poor leakage needs to be more attentive to prevent the seedlings from being blocked by water.

Tillering fertilizer

Tillering is started at the rice leaf age of 3.5-4, and each rice leaf age period is 666.7m²The amount of pure nitrogen applied in the whole growth period is 20-30%, namely 4-6 kg, which is equivalent to 9-12 kg of urea. The tillering fertilizer is applied twice with an interval period of 6-7 days. The top dressing should be properly added and reduced according to the growth vigor of rice seedlings, and the principle of less strong seedlings and more weak seedlings is followed. During topdressing, a water layer of 4-6 cm is established on the field surface to avoid topdressing with dew to prevent seedling burning.

Ear fertilizer

When the leaf stage is 2, 10 to 15 percent of pure nitrogen in the whole growth period is applied for 666.7m2, 2 to 3kg of pure nitrogen is applied per mu, namely 5 to 6kg of urea. The spreading should be uniform according to the principle of growing, weak seedling and strong seedling.

Granular fertilizer

In the full heading period of rice, the rice is grown in weak condition, the leaf color is yellow, and the rice is expressed in fields or parts of rice in the fields which are lack of fertilizer and are fertilized, and the rice grain length is 666.7m²1 kg-1.5 kg of pure nitrogen is applied, which is equivalent to 2 kg-3 kg of urea. The additional fertilization should be done with caution, and if the rice leaves are dark and grow vigorously, additional fertilization should be avoided or reduced, otherwise, the number of additional fertilization should be increased.

Foliage fertilizer

At different growth periods of rice, foliage dressing should be carried out in combination with pest control, nutrient elements possibly lacking are supplemented, growth and development are promoted, and the yield is increased. The concentration of the foliar fertilizer should be controlled to be 0.1-0.3%.

3. Seed preparation

Variety selection

Breed growth period

The variety should be selected to ensure safe maturity, preferably early, medium-maturing and high-quality variety, and the growth period is 135 d-145 d.

Characteristic features of variety

The method is suitable for dense planting, has strong tillering force, stable spike grain number, short plant, upright leaf, good light-receiving situation, strong lodging resistance, wide disease resistance spectrum, strong disease resistance, good low-temperature germination, strong seedling growth situation, strong cold resistance and good seedling and growth under flooding conditions, and is a variety approved by Ningxia variety approval committee.

Seed treatment

Drying seeds in the sun

In late 4 months, sunning the seeds for 1 d-2 d on a clean and flat cement ground in a sunny day before disinfecting the seeds, controlling the spreading thickness of the seeds to be 2 cm-3 cm during sunning, and turning over and drying the seeds once by using a spade or manually every 1 h-2 h to ensure that the dryness is consistent.

Disinfection

Coating with seed coating agent according to required dosage, air drying, adding mud, and preventing bakanae disease and other germs.

Attached mud

When the clay is attached, the clay is crushed and sieved firstly, and then the weight ratio of the clay to the soil is 100: and (5) adding a proper amount of water according to the proportion of 5-8, attaching the water to the surface of the coated seeds, fully stirring by using a spade, and uniformly attaching mud to prevent the seeds from floating and depositing after water is added to the seeds. And (3) drying the seeds in the sun in time after the seeds are attached with the mud, drying the seeds in the sun in the same way, and bagging the seeds for sowing when the seeds are dried until the attached mud is dried.

4. Seeding

Time of sowing

Sowing can be carried out after the local average temperature is stable and passes 12 ℃, and the sowing is generally carried out in late 4 months. The specific sowing time is determined by combining the water regime and the rotation irrigation system, and sufficient irrigation can be ensured in time after sowing to prevent the rice seeds from cracking after being exposed to the sun for a long time.

Seeding rate

The seeding amount is determined according to the tillering capacity, the land fertility level, the land preparation quality, the seed quality, the germination vigor and the like of the variety. At present, the tillering power of moderate variety is generally 666.7m²60-80 ten thousand germinated seeds, 20 kg/mu, each 666.7 varieties with strong tillering capacitym²35 to 40 thousands of germinated seeds are sowed, namely 15 kilograms per mu.

Seeding machine

A rice precision hill planter or a manual drill planter is selected for planting.

Seeding

The seeding row spacing is determined according to the tillering capacity and the land capability level of the variety and the matched cultivation test of the variety in each region. The row spacing should be controlled at about 20cmz to achieve straight row sowing, accurate sowing amount and uniform grain falling. During sowing, a seedling raising area with the width of 1-2 machine sowing is re-planted in a relatively flat place with good ground force conditions so as to supplement seedlings at the ridge edge and the field mouth.

5. Water layer management

Initial irrigation

After the rice is sowed and sealed, water should be irrigated in time, and the initial irrigation water layer should reach 10 cm-12 cm. The sowing period should be finished before 5 months and 10 days, and the spike is ensured to be aligned before 8 months and 10 days.

Water layer management in seedling stage

Seed soaking in heavy water

After the initial irrigation, a water layer of 10-12 cm is established on the field surface, and the water layer is kept for 5-7 d, so that the seeds absorb water and sprout, the function of alkali washing salt is exerted, and good standing conditions are created for the germination and root binding of the rice seeds.

Accelerating germination in shallow water

When the seeds are exposed to the white, the water is preferably small in size, so that the ground temperature is improved, the air permeability is realized, and the germination and rooting of the seeds are promoted.

Root of Zhao gan wet and dry

The length of the seed bud root is 2-4 cm, the length of the bud sheath is 3-5 cm, the seed bud root should be dried for 0.5-1 d, the saline-alkali soil should be managed by adopting dry or bright water mud in the shade or at night, and the seed bud root should be dried and dried in the air after incomplete leaves turn green and true leaves come out of the sheath.

Drying and airing the field

And (3) irrigating the field by falling, drying and airing to realize alternation of dryness and humidity, covering a water layer with the field and exposing seedlings, promoting root growth until 4-5 primary roots grow out of the rice seedlings and the field falls and dries when the length exceeds the bud length, and achieving the purposes of protecting the seedlings and growing strong seedlings. Avoid the phenomena of weak growth and development of rice seedling root systems, dead seedlings and floating seedlings caused by the fact that the rice seedlings are stuffy in water and lifted.

Water layer management at tillering stage

The rice leaves milk at the three-leaf stage, is transferred into autotrophy and enters the tillering stage, and the management center is used for promoting the tillering to grow early and quickly and cultivating strong tillering. A 3-6 cm shallow water layer is kept for management to improve the ground temperature and promote the growth of the tillering buds. This period ends at about the first 6 th day.

Water layer management in the ear-plucking and booting stage

In late 6 months, the rice enters an ineffective tillering stage, the rice begins to pull out the joints and bear the ears, ineffective tillering is inhibited, and the field with over-vigorous growth is roasted to promote the growth and development of main stems and effective tillers. The water layer (12-15 cm) is properly enlarged from the late stage of rice booting to before heading to prevent low-temperature cold damage and glume flower degeneration.

Water layer management during heading, flowering and grouting periods

From 8 middle to last ten days of the month, the establishment of a water layer for a long time or the absence of water in the field for a long time should be avoided to prevent lodging and influence on rice filling. Most of the rice ears in the field are low, and water is cut off when most of the rice grains reach the middle stage of maturity (the water cut-off can be properly delayed in fields with quick water leakage, such as high-land sand lands, and the like), so that lodging and influence on mechanical harvesting are prevented.

6. Replanting seeds and seedlings

Reseeding

Reserving 2 kg-3 kg of rice seeds in each field during initial irrigation, soaking the seeds at the same period for accelerating germination, and timely replanting the water inlet field mouth or the place with the reversed ridge after the initial irrigation is finished.

Seedling replanting device

In the 5-6 leaf stage of the rice, the blank points, ridge edges and ground edges in the rice field are subjected to artificial seedling supplement and seedling preservation in time. The seedling-transplanting should be performed early but not late.

7. Weeding

Pre-emergence seal

After the rice is sowed and before the rice is watered, the rice is fed in water at a rate of 666.7m²Spraying or spraying with 20kg of water or urea by adding 10g of bifida or 150mL of 90% of prosapox or 100mL of dimethomorph, and sealing the field surface. Accurate dosage and no leakage. Irrigating water within two days after the application of the pesticide, and establishing a water layer.

Chemical weeding at full-term

And (5) carrying out chemical weed control when the leaf age reaches 3-3.5 leaves. Should be takenThe herbicide is selected according to the species of the weeds in the paddy field, and is applied strictly according to the requirements of pesticides. The weeds in the paddy field mainly comprise three types, namely grassy weeds (mainly barnyard grass), broad-leaved weeds and cyperaceae weeds, if the grass weeds in the paddy field are mainly barnyard grass, herbicides which are mainly used for removing the barnyard grass and are secondarily used for killing the weeds, and the weeds are used for killing the weeds every 666.7m²40 mL-60 mL of Daojie (2.5% penoxsulam) plus 10g of Weinong or barnyard grass (10% cyhalofop-butyl and special auxiliary agent) is mixed with 20kg of water to spray and kill the weeds, accumulated water in the rice field is drained before spraying, two thirds of the weeds are exposed out of the water surface, a water layer is established within 24-72 hours after spraying for 5 cm-8 cm, and the water layer is kept for 5 d-7 d. The paddy field mainly comprising broadleaf weeds and cyperaceae is applied by mixing 30g of bensulfuron-methyl and 10g of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl with soil. The rice field mainly comprises old common burreed rhizome, wherein 10g of Europe is mixed with 15kg of water to be sprayed for weed killing.

Artificial auxiliary weed-killing device

Weeds missed to be killed in the field are removed in time on the basis of chemical weed control.

8. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Weeding and pupa removing

And (4) shoveling and burning all weeds in the ditches and the ditches completely to eliminate cordyceps sinensis and bacteria sources from 12 months to Yuanyue.

Chemical control

The diseases and insect pests of rice in irrigation areas mainly comprise rice blast and rice planthopper. The prevention and control of diseases and insects should be based on the principle of prevention and comprehensive control. The rice blast is generally prevented for three times in the whole growth period, the first time is in the last 6-7 months, the second time is before heading, and the third time is after heading. The method is mainly used for preventing and treating rainy and high-humidity meteorological conditions and fields with large field density. The disease-preventing drugs should be used alternately. The spraying amount is accurate, the spraying is even, and the pesticide is not heavy and leak-proof, so as to ensure the control effect. Different types of pesticides and bactericides are selected according to the types and the harm characteristics of the plant diseases and insect pests. The agents such as tricyclazole, tricyclazole + kresoxim-methyl and Fushiyi are recommended for preventing and treating rice blast.

9. Harvesting

Ridge laying device

In the middle and last ten days of 9 months, the ridges of the field are placed flat, the ridges are arc-shaped after being placed flat, the ridges are 10-15 cm high, and the ridges can smoothly pass through the ridges when being harvested mechanically so as to prevent the harvesting and plowing quality from being influenced.

Harvesting period

From last ten days of 9 months to last ten days of 10 months, when the rice grains of the rice ears above 98% of the field surface reach the middle and later stage of the wax ripeness, 95% of the grains turn golden yellow, and the water content of the rice is 19% -22%, the optimal harvest period is set.

Harvesting machine

A semi-feeding combine harvester and a full-feeding combine harvester with better performance are selected, and machines which have harvested different varieties are thoroughly cleaned before harvesting, so that the machines are prevented from being mixed. The mechanical harvesting quality reaches the quality standard specified in NY/T498. No grain scattering or leakage occurs during the grain transportation process, thereby ensuring the harvest quality and safety. The seed fields must be harvested with a semi-feeding combine harvester.

Sunning ground management

The rice should be aired in time after harvesting and entering the field, and rice of different varieties is singly harvested and aired to prevent mixing. When the water content of the rice reaches 14% -15%, winnowing is carried out, impurities such as empty and shriveled grains and rice knots are removed through air separation, and the impurity rate of the rice after air separation is less than 2%. Bagging when the moisture of the paddy is less than 14.5%, and calculating the yield per mu to be 400-550 kg. During storage, the warehouse or the shed is kept dry, and attention is paid to prevent harm such as mixing, worm damage, mildew, rats and sparrows.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simple cultivation method of rice by watering after sowing comprises preparation before cultivation, cultivation process and cultivation management; the preparation before cultivation comprises the following steps: land preparation and seed preparation before sowing are carried out, and the method is characterized in that the cultivation process specifically comprises the following steps: directly sowing the rice seeds into a rice field in the last ten days of 4 months, and completing the processes of germination, seedling emergence and growth in the rice field until harvesting; the cultivation management takes place in the cultivation process and comprises the following links: water layer management, weeding, fertilizer operation and planning and pest control.

2. The method for cultivating rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paddy field is a newly reclaimed wasteland or a land with a heavy saline-alkali soil; the water layer management comprises water layer management of a seedling keeping stage, a tillering stage, a jointing and booting stage and a maturation stage; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

3. The method for cultivating paddy rice by watering after sowing in a simple manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the land preparation before sowing, in the middle ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, the laser paddy field leveling machine is used for leveling the mouth of the paddy field, cutting the edge of the land straight, and cutting the ridge ditch, and the height difference in the paddy field is 2 cm-3 cm;

4. The method for cultivating rice in water after sowing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing process comprises: sowing at 12 ℃ in 4-month late ten days, wherein the sowing amount is 15-22.5 kg/mu.

5. The method for cultivating rice in water after sowing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer operation comprises the following specific contents:

the whole growth period is 666.7m per unit²Applying inorganic fertilizer: 14 kg-16 kg of pure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus pentoxide (P)₂O₅)4 kg-8 kg of potassium oxide (K)₂O)0kg to 5 kg; wherein, nitrogen fertilizer basal application is 40-50%, topdressing is 50-60%, and phosphorus potassium fertilizer is all basal application; the organic fertilizer is 30kg to 50kg of organic essential fertilizer or 500kg to 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure; the application amount of a specific fertilizer variety is converted according to the content of available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like; the fertilizing amount is adjusted according to the factors such as land fertility, crop rotation, target yield and the like according to the soil testing formula fertilizing technology and the formula thereof;

6. The method for cultivating rice in water after sowing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weeding comprises:

pre-emergence sealing: after the rice is sowed and before the rice is watered, the rice is fed in water at a rate of 666.7m²Spraying or spraying with 20kg of water or urea by adding 150mL of bifida or 90% of prosapox or 100mL of dimethoate, and sealing the field surface;