CN110741887A - High-yield planting method for spring wheat original seeds - Google Patents
High-yield planting method for spring wheat original seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN110741887A CN110741887A CN201911018272.3A CN201911018272A CN110741887A CN 110741887 A CN110741887 A CN 110741887A CN 201911018272 A CN201911018272 A CN 201911018272A CN 110741887 A CN110741887 A CN 110741887A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield planting method of spring wheat original seeds, which comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, seed selection and breeding, sowing and planting, field management and mechanical harvesting; by standardizing the time of land preparation, seed selection treatment, sowing and field management in the planting process, the method adapts to the growth characteristics and the geographical characteristics of spring wheat, effectively improves the accumulation of dry matters of wheat, further improves the yield of the wheat, improves the economic value of crops and has higher popularization and application significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-yield planting method of spring wheat original seeds.
Background
Wheat is a main grain crop in the world, the area and the yield are the first, the wheat has wide adaptability due to different responses to temperature and light, the wheat in China also has wide planting area in northern areas as a main economic crop and a food source, the wheat belongs to gramineous (Gramineae) wheat (Triticum), common wheat, durum wheat, dense-ear wheat, conical wheat, Polish wheat and oriental wheat are mainly cultivated at present, and the common wheat is mainly cultivated in China.
Due to climate reasons, winter wheat is mainly planted in northern China, and winter wheat cannot be planted in northeast and northwest China due to the fact that the ground surface temperature is too low in winter, so that a planting technology of spring wheat is derived, spring wheat is planted at the beginning of sowing when the air temperature rises again in 3-4 months, and is harvested in 7-8 months, the growth cycle is short, and the winter wheat is a good economic crop.
However, the planting technology of the spring wheat original seed in the prior art mostly adopts a common planting technology, the yield of spring wheat is low due to the fact that the common planting technology is difficult to adapt to the planting time, climate and growth characteristics of spring wheat, the popularization area cannot be rapidly enlarged due to the fact that high-quality seeds are not available when a new variety is popularized due to the low yield of spring wheat, and the popularization of the new variety is not facilitated, so that how to provide a high-yield planting technology suitable for the spring wheat original seed is a problem to be urgently solved by technical staff in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a high-yield planting method for spring wheat original seeds, which effectively improves the dry matter accumulation of spring wheat of the original seeds and improves the yield of the spring wheat by controlling the sowing process and the topdressing in the growing period.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-yield planting method for spring wheat breeder seeds comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: land selection and preparation
Selecting a land block with flat and fertile terrain and certain irrigation conditions, and ploughing for 3-4 times, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25 cm;
step two: seed selection and breeding
Selecting an ordinary spring wheat stock, removing impurities, dressing seeds with medicines, and standing until the surface is not wet;
step three: seeding and planting
Adopting single-seed dibbling, sowing one row of area for each single spike, wherein the row length is 0.6m, the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 1-2cm, sowing 3800 single spikes and 4200 single spikes per mu of land, and watering enough water after sowing;
step four: management of field
(4.1) water and fertilizer application: dressing urea and monopotassium phosphate with head water in the seedling stage; applying urea in the tillering stage; dressing urea and monopotassium phosphate in the jointing stage; dressing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate again in booting stage; dressing urea and potassium fulvate in heading period; applying urea and potassium fulvate again in the early stage of grouting;
(4.2) field impurity removal: removing the mixed plants which are inconsistent with the original plant types in the growth period of the wheat;
step five: and (5) mechanically harvesting.
Preferably, the plowing process in the first step is as follows: ploughing in the depth of 20-25 cm for 3-4 times in winter, standing, ploughing again before sowing, and harrowing to loosen and level the soil.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: after the soil is ploughed in winter, the soil is stood still, and the soil in the ploughed layer is cured by snow water weathering in winter, so that the physicochemical property of the soil can be effectively improved, the fertility degree of the soil is improved, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
Preferably, the seed dressing with the medicament in the second step adopts 25% of a suspending agent of the thiram disulfide seed coating for seed dressing, and the weight ratio of the medicament to the seeds is (40-60): 1.
the beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: preventing and controlling soil insects and root rot, effectively ensuring the germination rate of seeds and further ensuring the yield per unit area.
Preferably, 8 kg/mu of urea and 1 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate are topdressed in the head water in the seedling stage in the step (4.1), so that early development and early tillering of spring wheat are promoted, and the number of basic seedlings in the field is increased; 8 kg/mu of urea is applied in a topdressing mode in the tillering stage, so that nutrition required by spring wheat tillering growth is guaranteed; 5 kg/mu of urea is applied in the jointing stage, lodging caused by extension of stalk internodes due to excessive application amount of urea is prevented, 1.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate is used, and a fertilizer required by growth of spring wheat in the jointing stage is ensured; 5 kg/mu of urea and 1 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate are applied in the booting stage, and the ear forming rate and the seed setting rate are increased to form big ears; applying urea 3 kg/mu and fulvic acid potassium 5 kg/mu in the flowering period, and ensuring the fertilizer required by growth of spring wheat in the flowering period; and 2 kg/mu of urea and 5 kg/mu of potassium fulvate are applied in the initial stage of grouting, so that the growth grouting rate and grouting time of spring wheat are increased, the thousand kernel weight of grains is increased, and the yield is increased.
Preferably, the impurity removal in the step (4.2) is divided into three stages, which are respectively: removing the hybrid plants with early heading in the heading stage; removing hybrid plants with plant height, spike type, spike wax and variety characteristics which are not consistent with the variety characteristics at the early stage of grouting after spike pulling; before maturation, removing the mixed plants which are mature later than the seeds in the maturation period.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the rogue plants are removed to avoid the rogue plants from competing nutrients with normal plant types, so that the accumulation of dry matters of the normal plant types is ensured, and the purity of seeds left after the wheat is harvested is effectively ensured.
Preferably, the mechanical harvesting in the fifth step is carried out when the moisture content of the seeds is reduced to less than or equal to 13%.
The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: the humidity reaches the end of the accumulation of dry matters of wheat grains, no great weight loss exists in the drying process after harvesting, and the wheat can not fall off from the wheat ears to influence the yield due to overdrying.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the high-yield planting method for the spring wheat original seed is suitable for the growth characteristics and the geographical characteristics of spring wheat through the opportunities of land preparation, seed selection treatment, sowing and field management in the standardized planting process, effectively improves the dry matter accumulation of wheat, further improves the yield of wheat, improves the economic value of crops, and has higher popularization and application significance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting wheat stock seeds with strong group productivity, large yield-increasing potential, strong compactness and tightness of single plants and tough stalks as seeds.
The implementation place is as follows:
in the northeast plain area, the pH value of land is 7-8, the salt content is below 0.3%, the land is divided into two blocks, each block is 1 mu, and the two blocks are marked as A1 and A2 respectively;
planting in A1 by the following method:
the method comprises the following steps: soil preparation
Ploughing at a depth of 20-25 cm for 3-4 times in winter, standing, ploughing again before sowing, and harrowing to make the soil loose and flat, wherein the surface has no big soil blocks with a particle size of more than 3 cm;
step two: seed selection and breeding
Selecting Centraniliprole with strong resistance as seeds, screening to remove impurities, and mixing 25% of a Thiram disulfide seed coating suspending agent and the seeds in a weight ratio of 50: 1, and then standing until the surface is not wet;
step three: seeding and planting
Adopting single-seed dibbling, sowing one row of area for each single spike, wherein the row length is 0.6m, the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 1-2cm, sowing 3800 single spikes and 4200 single spikes per mu of land, and watering enough water after sowing;
step four: management of field
(4.1) water and fertilizer application: topdressing 8 kg/mu of urea and 1 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate in the head water of the seedling stage; 8 kg/mu of urea is applied in the tillering stage; 5 kg/mu of urea and 1.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate are applied in the jointing stage; 5 kg/mu of urea and 1 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate are applied in the booting stage; applying urea 3 kg/mu and fulvic acid potassium 5 kg/mu in heading period; applying 2 kg/mu of urea and 5 kg/mu of potassium fulvate in the initial grouting stage;
(4.2) field impurity removal: removing the hybrid plants which are inconsistent with the original plant types in the growth period of the wheat, namely removing the hybrid plants with early heading in the heading period; removing hybrid plants with plant height, spike type, spike wax and variety characteristics which are not consistent with the variety characteristics at the early stage of grouting after spike pulling; removing the mixed plants which are ripe later than the seeds in the mature period before the mature;
step five: mechanical harvesting
And harvesting when the water content of the seeds is reduced to 13%.
A2, planting by adopting a traditional spring wheat planting technology, namely turning the land and loosening the land before sowing, sowing by adopting a traditional machine, and sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time; no fertilizer is applied in the subsequent growth period; and the rest is the same as that in the A1, and the moisture content of the seeds is reduced to 13 percent for harvesting.
The harvest yields of A1 and A2 are respectively tested, 585kg of wheat are harvested in A1, and 310kg of wheat are harvested in A2, namely the planting method has greatly improved yield compared with the traditional planting method, and is obviously superior to the yield of the planting method in the prior art.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A high-yield planting method for spring wheat original seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: land selection and preparation
Selecting a land block with flat and fertile terrain and certain irrigation conditions, and ploughing for 3-4 times, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-25 cm;
step two: seed selection and breeding
Selecting an ordinary spring wheat stock, removing impurities, dressing seeds with medicines, and standing until the surface is not wet;
step three: seeding and planting
Adopting single-seed dibbling, sowing one row of area for each single spike, wherein the row length is 0.6m, the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 1-2cm, sowing 3800 single spikes and 4200 single spikes per mu of land, and watering enough water after sowing;
step four: management of field
(4.1) water and fertilizer application: dressing urea and monopotassium phosphate with head water in the seedling stage; applying urea in the tillering stage; dressing urea and monopotassium phosphate in the jointing stage; dressing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate again in booting stage; dressing urea and potassium fulvate in heading period; applying urea and potassium fulvate again in the early stage of grouting;
(4.2) field impurity removal: removing the mixed plants which are inconsistent with the original plant types in the growth period of the wheat;
step five: and (5) mechanically harvesting.
2. The high-yield planting method for spring wheat breeder seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plowing process in the first step is as follows: ploughing in the depth of 20-25 cm for 3-4 times in winter, standing, ploughing again before sowing, and harrowing to loosen and level the soil.
3. The high-yield planting method of spring wheat original seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed dressing with medicine in the second step is seed dressing with a suspension of 25% Thiram and the weight ratio of medicine to seeds is (40-60): 1.
4. the high-yield planting method for spring wheat original seeds of claim 1, wherein in the step (4.1), 8 kg/mu of urea and 1 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate are applied in top water at the seedling stage; 8 kg/mu of urea is applied in the tillering stage; 5 kg/mu of urea and 1.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate are applied in the jointing stage; 5 kg/mu of urea and 1 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate are applied in the booting stage; applying urea 3 kg/mu and fulvic acid potassium 5 kg/mu in heading period; and (3) additionally applying 2kg of urea and 5kg of potassium fulvate in the initial stage of grouting.
5. The high-yield planting method for spring wheat breeder seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the impurity removal in the step (4.2) is divided into three stages, which are respectively: removing the hybrid plants with early heading in the heading stage; removing hybrid plants with plant height, spike type, spike wax and variety characteristics which are not consistent with the variety characteristics at the early stage of grouting after spike pulling; before maturation, removing the mixed plants which are mature later than the seeds in the maturation period.
6. The high-yield planting method for the spring wheat breeder seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mechanical harvesting in the fifth step is carried out when the moisture content of the seeds is reduced to less than or equal to 13%.
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| CN201911018272.3A CN110741887A (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | High-yield planting method for spring wheat original seeds |
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| CN201911018272.3A CN110741887A (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | High-yield planting method for spring wheat original seeds |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113412769A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-09-21 | 于三全 | Wide-width single-grain thin-sowing planting method for winter wheat |
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| CN101617600A (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2010-01-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团农业建设第八师148团 | Spring wheat planting method by trickle irrigation |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113412769A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-09-21 | 于三全 | Wide-width single-grain thin-sowing planting method for winter wheat |
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Application publication date: 20200204 |