CN103210756B - High-yield planting method of simultaneously ripe five-spike ricinus communis - Google Patents
High-yield planting method of simultaneously ripe five-spike ricinus communis Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210756B CN103210756B CN201310019000.1A CN201310019000A CN103210756B CN 103210756 B CN103210756 B CN 103210756B CN 201310019000 A CN201310019000 A CN 201310019000A CN 103210756 B CN103210756 B CN 103210756B
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield planting method of simultaneously ripe five-spike ricinus communis, solving the problems of low acre yield, simultaneously ripe recovery failure, difficult mechanical harvesting and the like of the existing ricinus communis planting method. At first, organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer are applied; next, seeds are sowed; when growing out three to four main leaves, each seedling is fixed; when each seedling grows out five to six main leaves, a terminal bud is removed, and five main leaves are kept; moreover, paclobutrazol is sprayed onto the seedlings; when four to five class-one branch spikes of each seedling grow out flower buds, the intertillage ditching is performed at the flowering stage; furthermore, topdressing carbamide and diammonium phosphate are applied; after seven to ten days since pollination on all class-one branches of the ricinus communis seedlings, a chemical solution formed by blending pidine, 83% of maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water is sprayed onto the ricinus communis seedlings; and finally, when 80% to 85% of fruit in the ricinus communis plant is in dark brown, the fruit can be picked and harvested. With the adoption of the planting method provided by the invention, the simultaneously ripe harvesting is realized; the acre yield, the grain weight and the oil ratio are improved; and the mechanical harvesting can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting field, relate to a kind of castor-oil plant high-yield planting method that promotes precocity, disposable maturation, adapts to mechanized harvest, specifically a kind of once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods.
Background technology
Castor-oil plant is that a kind of purposes is many, the less demanding crop of planting conditions, because the kind in past is ungood, yield poorly, planting technology falls behind, plantation can not form scale, all generally to utilize on soil, corner or dykes and dams slope or the crowded kind of Around the house, therefore the total output of Chinese castor-oil plant is very low, causes the castor-oil plant shortage that processes raw material, main dependence on import.
The high stalk castor-oil plant kind of existing plantation, every mu of plantation 600-800 strain, plant strain growth is tall and big, general plant height is 1.8-2.5 rice, and two, three grades of branches are many, branches and leaves overgrowing, nourished and grew prosperous, nutrition too disperses, and sets seeds not full, oil content is low, per mu yield is not high, and the Branches of Different Orders maturing stage is inconsistent, can not disposablely gather, be difficult for carrying out mechanical harvest, results cost of labor is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is that existing method for cultivating castor-oil plant per mu yield is low in order to solve, in branch's at different levels maturing stage inconsistent causing can not disposablely gather, be difficult for to carry out the problems such as mechanical harvest, and a kind of once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods are provided.The method is a kind of high-yield culture technique that promotes that reproductive growth, reduction plant height are nourished and grown, concentrated in the disposable maturation of castor-oil plant, control.Adopt after the inventive method plantation castor-oil plant, every strain castor-oil plant is only received five castor-oil plant fringes, increases seed weight, improves the oil content of castor bean seed, has reduced plant height, increases output, realizes disposable results, meets the condition of mechanical harvest.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods, comprise the steps:
(a) at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April when ground temperature is 10-12 ℃, sow, prior to seeding in conjunction with plowing first organic fertilizer 2-3m
3/ mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30-40kg/ mu (compound fertilizer that three elements complex fertilizer is produced with regard to referring to phosphorus, phosphorus, three kinds of elements of potassium to mix granulation), during fertilising, carry out deep placement, covering with plastic film carry out the sowing of castor seeds after fertilising, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 5-6cm, adopt line-spacing 70-80cm, spacing in the rows 60cm;
(b) castor-oil plant goes out seedling for after planting 12-15 days, sprays in time decis (decis: a kind of efficient, low toxicity, low-residual, the novel pesticide that insecticidal spectrum is wide and the longevity of residure is long) after the aobvious row of seedling, pest control (such as cutworm insect pest etc.); After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out one strain of final singling ，Mei cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep without weeds without lodging;
(c), when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf, the manual removal top heart, leaves 5 true leaves; All beaten after the heart of top, for promoting the growth of the lateral bud of castor-oil plant seedling, spray one time paclobutrazol, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, the dosage on every mu of ground is 15kg, that is: every mu of ground sprays 15kg paclobutrazol (paclobutrazol: be chemical agent, be watered after rice shoot sprinkling, can stop rice shoot apical growth advantage, promote lateral bud (tillering) to grow; The agriculture using value of paclobutrazol is its control effect to plant growth.There is the plant growth of delaying, suppress cane and extend, shorten internode, promote plant tillering, promote flower bud differentiation, increase plant stress-resistance performance, improve output texts);
(d) when 4-5 one-level branched ear of castor-oil plant young plant buddingged when blooming, intertillage, trench digging, spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 3-5kg/ mu, and in conjunction with watering once;
(e) 7-10 days after the one-level branch of castor-oil plant young plant has all been pollinated, sprays growth regulating liquid one time; By the pyridine of first croak, (have another name called mepiquat chloride, be a kind of plant growth regulator of low toxicity to growth regulating liquid.Major function is to suppress the growth of young plant stem, it not only has inhibitory action to the height of young plant, reduce top fruit branch number, and the cross growth of young plant fruit branch is also had to inhibitory action), 83% maleic hydrazide (is a kind of bud agent that presses down, can enter plant by blade face cuticula, reduce photosynthesis, osmotic pressure and transpiration, the growth of inhibition bud that can be strong), washing powder (Main Function is to improve the adhesive force of liquid on young plant blade face) and water are blent and are formed, every mu of ground sprays the consumption that forms each raw material of growth regulating liquid: the pyridine of 2-3 gram of first croak, the maleic hydrazide of 15 milliliter 83% (maleic hydrazide concentration is 83%), 1-2g washing powder, convert the water of 30-40kg, in order to control internode elongation and the lateral bud growth of castor-oil plant young plant, finally control castor-oil plant plant height in the scope of 1.1-1.4m,
(f) when the fruit of 80-85% is dark brown on castor-oil plant young plant, can pluck fruit or by the disposable results of castor harvester tool, dry threshing, seed warehouse-in is preserved.
Further, the castor seeds that in implantation methods step of the present invention (a), selection branch capability is strong is as plantation seed.Because only have the castor-oil plant kind that minute principal stresses is strong, its cotyledon and first and second axil bud could Fast Growths, synchronize with blade axillalry bud above.
In implantation methods step of the present invention (a), select the breeding hybridized castor " through doing castor-oil plant No. 10 " of Shanxi Jingzuo Castor-Oil Plant Science And Technology Co., Ltd's seed selection as plantation seed, the breeding hybridized castor of " through doing castor-oil plant No. 10 " has superpower branch capability, and the per mu yield of this seed is high, it is full to set seeds, oil content is high.
The present invention has that implantation methods is simple, convenient management, in planting process, control and nourish and grow, concentrate reproductive growth, the excision top heart to reduce plant height, every strain castor-oil plant is only received five castor-oil plant fringes, castor-oil plant output is improved, seed is fuller, kernel weight increases, improve seed material oil content, reach advantage and the effect of disposable ripe results, and can realize mechanized harvest.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
2011 12 mu of Nian， Shanxi province Taiyuan city Qingxu County Xi Huaiyuancun plantation castor-oil plants, wherein adopt the present invention once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods plantations have 8 mu, what adopt conventional method plantation has 4 mu.Wherein, selected castor seeds is the castor seeds that branch capability is strong, has selected the breeding hybridized castor " through doing castor-oil plant No. 10 " of Shanxi Jingzuo Castor-Oil Plant Science And Technology Co., Ltd's seed selection while specifically implementing.
Adopt the present invention once during sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods plantation, specifically comprise the steps:
(a) select castor seeds that branch capability is strong as plantation seed, pouring on April 5 soil, April 16 organic fertilizer 2.5 m
3/ mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K, 15-15-10) 30kg/ mu, carry out deep placement during fertilising, complete covering with plastic film applies fertilizer; April 25 was sowed, and when ground temperature is 12 ℃ at that time, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 5cm, adopt line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 60cm;
(b) castor-oil plant after planting 15 days, go out seedling while being May 10, after the aobvious row of seedling, spray in time a decis, pest control; After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out one strain of final singling ，Mei cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep without weeds without lodging;
(c) June 15, the manual removal top heart, left 5 true leaves when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf; All beaten after the heart of top, for promoting the growth of the lateral bud of castor-oil plant seedling, sprayed paclobutrazol one time, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, and every mu of ground dosage is 15kg;
(d) July 10, the 4-5 when castor-oil plant seedling one-level branched ear buddingged when blooming, intertillage, trench digging, and spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 4kg/ mu, and pouring horse race water once (bleeds off after filling with a water at once; When Dao Tian limit starts to turn white, then fill with water one time, then the mode bleeding off.Keep like this field dry wet, take and wet as main, can guarantee the demand of late plant to moisture, can guarantee again the needs of root system to air);
(e) August 10, after the one-level branch of castor-oil plant seedling has all been pollinated 7 days, spray growth regulating liquid one time; Growth regulating liquid is blent and is formed by the pyridine of first croak, 83% maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water, and every mu of ground sprays the consumption that forms each raw material of growth regulating liquid and is: the pyridine of 3 grams of first croaks, maleic hydrazide, the 1g washing powder of 15 milliliter 83%, convert the water of 35kg; In order to control internode elongation and the lateral bud growth of castor-oil plant seedling, finally control castor-oil plant plant height in the scope of 1.1-1.4m;
(f) disposable results of available castor harvester tool when the fruit of 80-85% is dark brown on castor-oil plant seedling about September 18, dry threshing, September 20, warehouse-in was preserved.
And adopt 4 mu of castor-oil plants of conventional method plantation, after August 25 stem fringe maturation, results once, airing.After first frost October 5, once gather in the crops airing, threshing on October 20 warehouse-in.
Finally carried out output accounting, result is as follows:
Conclusion is as follows:
The castor-oil plant that adopts implantation methods plantation of the present invention, has on average reduced by 66 centimetres of plant heights, although ripe number and capsule number have reduced, 100-grain weight has increased by 4.5 grams, and per mu yield has increased by 38.3 kilograms, and amount of increase in production has reached 18.8%, and has realized once results.And the castor-oil plant of employing conventional method plantation, when stem fringe is ripe, results once, are gathered in the crops once after last second branch maturation again.
Embodiment 2
2012, in Xinjiang Yili of China Xinyuan County, adopt 150 mu of concrete implantation methods of implantation methods plantation castor-oil plant of the present invention to comprise the steps:
(a) select castor seeds that branch capability is strong as plantation seed, April 24 organic fertilizer 3 m
3/ mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K, 15-15-10) 35kg/ mu, carry out deep placement during fertilising, complete covering with plastic film applies fertilizer; May 2 was sowed, and when ground temperature is 10 ℃ at that time, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 5.5cm, adopt line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, after having sowed, sprays Acetochlor;
(b) castor-oil plant after planting 18 days, go out seedling while being May 20, after the aobvious row of seedling, spray in time a decis, pest control; After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out one strain of final singling ，Mei cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep without weeds without lodging;
(c) June 21, the manual removal top heart, left 5 true leaves when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf; All beaten after the heart of top, for promoting the growth of the lateral bud of castor-oil plant seedling, sprayed paclobutrazol one time, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, and every mu of ground dosage is for 15kg;
(d) July 18, the 4-5 when castor-oil plant seedling one-level branched ear buddingged when blooming, intertillage, trench digging, and spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 4kg/ mu, and in conjunction with watering once;
(e) August 20, after the one-level branch of castor-oil plant seedling has all been pollinated 10 days, spray growth regulating liquid one time; Growth regulating liquid is blent and is formed by the pyridine of first croak, 83% maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water, and every mu of ground sprays the consumption that forms each raw material of growth regulating liquid and is: the pyridine of 2 grams of first croaks, maleic hydrazide, the 2g washing powder of 15 milliliter 83%, convert the water of 30kg; In order to control internode elongation and the lateral bud growth of castor-oil plant seedling, finally control castor-oil plant plant height in the scope of 1.1-1.4m;
(f) can pluck fruit when the fruit of 80-85% is dark brown on castor-oil plant seedling on September 30, dry, threshing on October 10 warehouse-in, results complete.
Adopt the castor-oil plant of implantation methods plantation of the present invention, average plant height is 140 centimetres, than normal plant height, 72 centimetres have been reduced, although ripe number and capsule number have reduced, 100-grain weight has increased by 5.4 grams, and per mu yield has reached 346.2 kilograms, than 41.6 kilograms of same kind conventional method volume increase, amount of increase in production has reached 13.7%, and has realized castor-oil plant machinery and once gathered in the crops, and has obtained liking of peasant.And the castor-oil plant that adopts conventional method to plant, when stem fringe is ripe, artificial results once, manually gather in the crops once more afterwards by last second branch maturation, greatly reduces artificial results cost.
Embodiment 3
2012 Nian， Shanxi province Taiyuan city Qingxu County Xi Huaiyuancun adopt 30 mu of implantation methods plantation castor-oil plants of the present invention, and concrete implantation methods comprises the steps:
(a) select common castor seeds as plantation seed, April 20 organic fertilizer 2 m
3/ mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N:P:K, 15-15-10) 40kg/ mu, carry out deep placement during fertilising, complete covering with plastic film applies fertilizer; April 30 was sowed, and when ground temperature is 11 ℃ at that time, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 6cm, adopt line-spacing 75cm, spacing in the rows 60cm;
(b) castor-oil plant after planting 12 days, go out seedling while being May 12, after the aobvious row of seedling, spray in time a decis, pest control; After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out one strain of final singling ，Mei cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep without weeds without lodging;
(c) June 20, the manual removal top heart, left 5 true leaves when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf; All beaten after the heart of top, for promoting the growth of the lateral bud of castor-oil plant seedling, sprayed paclobutrazol one time, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, and the dosage on every mu of ground is 15kg;
(d) July 15, the 4-5 when castor-oil plant seedling one-level branched ear buddingged when blooming, intertillage, trench digging, and spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 3kg/ mu, and in conjunction with watering once;
(e) August 20, after the one-level branch of castor-oil plant seedling has all been pollinated 9 days, spray growth regulating liquid one time; Growth regulating liquid is blent and is formed by the pyridine of first croak, 83% maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water, and every mu of ground sprays the consumption that forms each raw material of growth regulating liquid and is: the pyridine of 2.5 grams of first croaks, maleic hydrazide, the 1.5g washing powder of 15 milliliter 83%, convert the water of 40kg; In order to control internode elongation and the lateral bud growth of castor-oil plant seedling, finally control castor-oil plant plant height in the scope of 1.1-1.4m;
(f) when October 1, the fruit of 80-85% was dark brown on castor-oil plant seedling, the disposable results of available castor harvester tool, dry threshing, and October 6, warehouse-in was preserved.
Adopt the castor-oil plant of implantation methods plantation of the present invention, average plant height is 115 centimetres, than normal plant height, 85 centimetres have been reduced, although ripe number and capsule number have reduced, but 100-grain weight has increased by 4.8 grams, per mu yield has reached 250.6 kilograms, than 40.5 kilograms of same kind conventional method volume increase, and realized castor-oil plant machinery and once gathered in the crops, obtained liking of peasant.And the castor-oil plant that adopts conventional method to plant, when stem fringe is ripe, artificial results once, manually gather in the crops once more afterwards by last second branch maturation, greatly reduces artificial results cost.
Claims (3)
1. sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods once, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(a) at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April when ground temperature is 10-12 ℃, sow, prior to seeding in conjunction with plowing first organic fertilizer 2-3m
3/ mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30-40kg/ mu, carry out deep placement during fertilising, covering with plastic film carry out the sowing of castor seeds after fertilising, and every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 5-6cm, adopt line-spacing 70-80cm, spacing in the rows 60cm;
(b) castor-oil plant goes out seedling for after planting 12-18 days, after the aobvious row of seedling, sprays in time a decis, pest control; After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out one strain of final singling ，Mei cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep without weeds without lodging;
(c), when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf, the manual removal top heart, leaves 5 true leaves; All beaten after the heart of top, for promoting the growth of the lateral bud of castor-oil plant seedling, sprayed paclobutrazol one time, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, and the dosage on every mu of ground is 15kg;
(d) when 4-5 one-level branched ear of castor-oil plant seedling buddingged when blooming, intertillage, trench digging, spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 3-5kg/ mu, and in conjunction with watering once;
(e) 7-10 days after the one-level branch of castor-oil plant seedling has all been pollinated, sprays growth regulating liquid one time; Growth regulating liquid is blent and is formed by the pyridine of first croak, 83% maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water, and every mu of ground sprays the consumption that forms each raw material of growth regulating liquid and is: the pyridine of 2-3 gram of first croak, maleic hydrazide, the 1-2g washing powder of 15 milliliter 83%, convert the water of 30-40kg; In order to control internode elongation and the lateral bud growth of castor-oil plant seedling;
(f) when the fruit of 80-85% is dark brown on castor-oil plant seedling, can pluck fruit or by the disposable results of castor harvester tool, dry threshing, seed warehouse-in is preserved.
2. once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the castor seeds that selection branch capability is strong in step (a) is as plantation seed.
3. once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in step (a), select the breeding hybridized castor " through doing castor-oil plant No. 10 " of Shanxi Jingzuo Castor-Oil Plant Science And Technology Co., Ltd's seed selection as plantation seed.
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| CN108575501A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-28 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of castor-oil plant cuts a method for toothing regeneration Multiple harvests |
| CN108575594B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-10-30 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Castor planting method suitable for mechanized harvesting |
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Owner name: SHANXI ZHONGZE HENGYUAN BIO-TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANXI JINZUO CASTOR-OIL PLANT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LTD. Effective date: 20150113 |
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Effective date of registration: 20150113 Address after: 030006 room 1902B, 9 science and Technology Street, hi tech Zone, Shanxi, Taiyuan Patentee after: Shanxi Hengyuan Ze Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Address before: 420, room 280, block A, Changzhi Road, Taiyuan hi tech Development Zone, Shanxi 030006, China Patentee before: Shanxi Huifeng Machine Industry Co., Ltd. |